A small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect

Abstract

This invention provides a small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding method and the solar chimney effect, comprising a seawater evaporation chamber, a heat collection shed, a chimney, and a condensate collection system. The heat collection shed is fixedly installed above the seawater evaporation chamber and covers the opening on the upper surface of the chamber. The heat collection shed is a flat plate structure with folds formed by the Miura folding method, and several Fresnel lenses are adhered to it. A ring-shaped chimney water collection trough is installed at the bottom of the chimney. The chimney is a tubular structure with folds formed by the Miura folding method. The condensate collection system includes a water collection hood and an auxiliary collection pipe. The water collection hood is installed at the top of the chimney and includes a shell, a fine condensate mesh, and a ring-shaped water collection trough. The auxiliary collection pipe connects to a drain hole on the chimney water collection trough. This invention improves solar thermal efficiency, seawater evaporation rate, and water vapor guiding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of seawater desalination technology, and more specifically, to a small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding and solar chimney effect. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of natural disasters and emergencies, water resources are often damaged, necessitating the construction of desalination facilities to address water shortages. Traditional seawater desalination methods, such as reverse osmosis and multi-effect distillation, have low energy efficiency and require bulky equipment, primarily suitable for large-scale applications but failing to meet the needs of remote areas, emergency rescue, and small-scale operations. Currently, most small-scale seawater desalination units on the market rely on electricity, but in offshore, disaster-stricken, or remote areas, power supply is often unstable or unavailable, limiting the practical application of these devices. Solar-powered seawater desalination technology, as a low-energy and sustainable solution, is gradually gaining widespread attention. However, existing small-scale solar-powered seawater desalination units, such as those disclosed in patents CN112573606A and CN110282681A, while improving energy efficiency through solar thermal collection, still face challenges such as large size and the need for electric drive, limiting their portability and rapid deployment.

[0003] Furthermore, while the chimney effect, applied to steam guiding design, can accelerate steam flow to some extent, existing chimney structures typically fail to fully utilize the solar heating effect, resulting in low steam guiding efficiency and impacting the overall efficiency of seawater desalination. Existing seawater desalination devices mostly employ simple evaporation chambers and condensation systems, which usually require large condensers or pools, leading to excessive size and a lack of portability and application flexibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a small-scale seawater desalination device that combines efficient solar thermal collection, chimney effect guiding, and a condensation system, improving overall energy efficiency while meeting the requirements for portability and rapid deployment. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the current small-scale seawater desalination devices, this utility model provides a high-efficiency, energy-saving, portable, and electric-independent small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding structure and solar chimney effect. It combines a heat collection system with Miura folding structure and Fresnel lens technology, a system that uses the chimney effect to guide water vapor, and a comprehensive application of high-efficiency condensate collection technology, which improves the solar heat collection efficiency, evaporation rate, and water vapor guiding efficiency. It can be widely used in seawater desalination, emergency water supply, and water resource supply in remote areas, and is especially suitable for environments with scarce resources, limited energy, or high requirements for portability.

[0005] The technical means adopted in this utility model are as follows:

[0006] A small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect includes a seawater evaporation chamber, a heat collection shed, a chimney, and a condensate collection system;

[0007] The seawater evaporation chamber has an open upper surface structure. The heat collection shed is fixedly installed above the seawater evaporation chamber and covers the opening on the upper surface of the seawater evaporation chamber. The heat collection shed is a flat plate structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method. Several Fresnel lenses are glued to the heat collection shed.

[0008] A ring-shaped water collection trough is installed at the bottom of the chimney, and the heat collection shed has a central hole. The water collection trough is fixedly installed in the central hole, so that the chimney is connected to the interior of the seawater evaporation chamber. The chimney is a tubular structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method.

[0009] The condensate collection system includes a water collection hood and an auxiliary collection pipe. The water collection hood is installed on the top of the chimney and includes a shell, a fine condensate screen, and an annular water collection trough. The shell is fitted over the outside of the fine condensate screen. The water collection trough is installed at the top opening of the chimney and has a circumferential groove with the opening facing upwards. Both the shell and the fine condensate screen have bottom openings facing the chimney, and their bottoms are placed within the groove. Water vapor entering the chimney condenses into liquid water on the fine condensate screen. A drain hole is provided on the side of the water collection trough, and the drain hole is connected to a freshwater collector through a water guide pipe. One end of the auxiliary collection pipe is connected to the drain hole on the chimney water collection trough, and the other end is connected to the freshwater collector.

[0010] Furthermore, the seawater evaporation chamber is connected to the solar collector shed via Velcro or snap fasteners; the chimney water collection trough is installed in the central hole of the solar collector shed via Velcro; the inner ring of the water collection trough is installed in the top opening of the chimney via Velcro or snap fasteners.

[0011] Furthermore, both the shell and the condensation mesh are conical structures, and both the shell and the condensation mesh have openings at the large-diameter end.

[0012] Furthermore, the Fresnel lens is bonded to the heat collection shed using UV adhesive or hot melt adhesive.

[0013] Furthermore, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the chimney is 12-12.5, and the ratio of the height of the chimney to the side length of the square heat collection shed is 0.58.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner surface of the chimney is smooth.

[0015] Furthermore, the seawater evaporation chamber, the chimney structure, and the condensate collection system are all made of corrosion-resistant materials; the heat collection shed is made of transparent or semi-transparent thermally conductive materials; and the condensate mesh is made of high-efficiency heat exchange materials.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model, combined with the design of Fresnel lens and Miura folding structure, significantly improves the solar energy collection efficiency; the Fresnel lens can focus and concentrate a large amount of sunlight, ensuring that the heat collection effect can be maximized even under weak light conditions, and the planar design of the Miura folding structure greatly increases the area of ​​the heat collection surface, further improving the heat collection capacity of the device in a limited space, especially suitable for outdoor environments with limited space.

[0018] 2. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model utilizes the chimney effect to effectively guide the rise of steam through the tubular Miura folding chimney. The air flow inside the chimney accelerates the discharge of water vapor, thereby reducing the heat loss of steam during the rising process and improving the efficiency of the entire evaporation and condensation process.

[0019] 3. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model uses a high-efficiency heat exchange material in its condensation and water collection system. The rising water vapor is rapidly cooled through a fine condensation mesh, which effectively promotes its condensation into water droplets. The design of the fine condensation mesh ensures a large contact area, which quickly condenses the water vapor into water droplets, greatly improving the condensation efficiency. The design of the water collection tank effectively collects the condensate and allows it to flow smoothly into the water storage container through the drain outlet, ensuring the efficient collection and storage of fresh water. The integrated design of the condensation system and the water collection system avoids the loss of condensate and ensures that every drop of condensate can be effectively collected.

[0020] 4. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model adopts a folding design for each component, which is convenient for quick unfolding and storage and has good portability. The modular design of the heat collection shed, chimney and condensate collection system not only improves the overall portability of the device, but also allows users to flexibly combine and adjust according to actual needs. The folding design allows the device to be compactly stored when not in use, occupying little space and making it easy to carry. It is especially suitable for use in emergency rescue, outdoor exploration and other scenarios.

[0021] 5. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model relies entirely on solar energy to operate without external power support, which greatly improves its applicability in environments where power cannot be guaranteed. Whether in areas where power is interrupted after natural disasters or in remote areas where power supply is unstable, users can rely on solar energy to desalinate seawater and obtain the required freshwater resources, thereby solving the dependence problem of traditional electric desalination devices and improving the independence and self-sufficiency of the equipment.

[0022] 6. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect provided by this utility model uses solar energy as an energy source, avoiding the need for traditional desalination devices to consume fossil energy and electricity, and has significant environmental advantages; moreover, while achieving seawater desalination, the device does not produce any harmful waste gas or pollutants, making it green and environmentally friendly; the device uses solar energy as a power source, which not only saves energy and reduces emissions, but also reduces dependence on traditional power resources in emergency situations, providing a sustainable water supply for emergency rescue. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the small seawater desalination device described in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection cover structure described in this utility model.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the chimney structure described in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chimney water collection trough structure described in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat collection shed structure described in this utility model.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Seawater evaporation chamber; 2. Heat collection shed; 3. Chimney; 31. Chimney water collection trough; 4. Water collection cover; 41. Shell; 42. Condensation fine mesh; 43. Water collection trough; 5. Auxiliary collection pipe; 6. Freshwater collector. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other. The present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this utility model or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0034] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0035] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this utility model provides a small-scale seawater desalination device based on the Miura folding and solar chimney effect, including a seawater evaporation chamber 1, a heat collection shed 2, a chimney 3, and a condensate collection system;

[0039] The seawater evaporation chamber 1 has an open upper surface. The solar collector shed 2 is fixedly installed above the seawater evaporation chamber 1 and covers the opening on the upper surface of the seawater evaporation chamber 1. The solar collector shed 2 is a flat plate structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method. Several Fresnel lenses are adhered to the solar collector shed 2. The solar collector shed 2 is used to concentrate solar energy through the Fresnel lenses, causing the seawater in the seawater evaporation chamber 1 to evaporate into water vapor. The solar collector shed 2 utilizes the light-concentrating effect of multiple Fresnel lenses to refract sunlight, concentrating sunlight into the seawater evaporation chamber 1, improving the solar energy collection efficiency, promoting the evaporation of seawater in the seawater evaporation chamber 1, and enabling the device to operate efficiently within a limited area. The solar collector shed 2 can operate in a relatively small area. The solar collector shed 2 efficiently collects and concentrates solar energy on its installation area, adapting to the working requirements in low-light environments. It is designed as a flat plate structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method, which can be unfolded to increase the solar collection area, ensuring effective heating of seawater even in insufficient sunlight. It is also easy to fold, transport, install, and store, making it suitable for use in various environments and spaces. The solar collector shed 2, through the combination of Fresnel lenses and the Miura folding structure, focuses and concentrates sunlight, allowing it to concentrate on the surface of the seawater evaporation chamber 1, maximizing solar collection efficiency. The folding design of the solar collector shed 2 not only allows it to effectively collect sunlight during use but also enables convenient storage when not in use, greatly improving portability and adaptability.

[0040] A ring-shaped water collection trough 31 is installed at the bottom of the chimney 3. The heat collection shed 2 has a central hole, and the water collection trough 31 is fixedly installed in the central hole, connecting the chimney 3 to the interior of the seawater evaporation chamber 1. The water vapor generated by the evaporation of seawater in the seawater evaporation chamber 1 enters the chimney 3. The chimney 3 can utilize solar-heated air to create a chimney effect, guiding the evaporated water vapor to the condensation collection system for cooling and condensation. The chimney 3 is a tubular structure with folds formed by the Miura folding method. The chimney 3 serves as a channel for steam guidance. Through the tubular three-panel folding structure design, not only can heat loss be effectively reduced, but also sufficient height can be provided to allow water vapor to flow upward rapidly; the chimney effect allows steam to rise rapidly through the longitudinally extended chimney 3, thereby accelerating the discharge of water vapor and reducing heat loss during the steam rise process. This design significantly improves the guiding efficiency of water vapor, ensuring that the water vapor generated in the seawater evaporation chamber can be quickly discharged and enter the condensation and collection system for condensation. Furthermore, the chimney 3 can be extended or folded as needed, which not only improves the rising efficiency of steam, but also enhances the portability of the overall device.

[0041] The condensate collection system includes a water collection hood 4 and an auxiliary collection pipe 5. The water collection hood 4 is installed on the top of the chimney 3 and includes a shell 41, a fine condensate screen 42, and an annular water collection trough 43. The shell 41 is fitted over the outside of the fine condensate screen 42. The water collection trough 43 is installed at the top opening of the chimney 3 and has a circumferential groove with the opening facing upwards. Both the shell 41 and the fine condensate screen 42 have bottom openings facing the chimney 3, and their bottoms are placed within the groove. Water vapor entering the chimney 3 condenses into liquid water on the fine condensate screen 42. The water collection trough 43 collects the liquid water condensed on the fine condensate screen 42. A drain hole is provided on the side of the water collection trough 43, and the drain hole is connected to a freshwater collector 6 via a water pipe. The auxiliary collection pipe 5 is connected at one end to the drain hole on the chimney water collection tank 31, and at the other end to the freshwater collector 6. The chimney water collection tank 31 is used to collect liquid water flowing down the wall of the chimney 3 and transport it to the freshwater collector 6 through the auxiliary collection pipe 5. The chimney water collection tank 31 and the water collection hood 4 cooperate to achieve dual-effect collection of freshwater, improving collection efficiency. The condensate collection system increases the contact surface by setting the fine condensate mesh 42, ensuring that water vapor can be quickly condensed and collected into the freshwater collector 6 through the water collection tank 43. The design of the water collection tank 43 ensures efficient collection of condensate while avoiding water loss, ensuring that every drop of condensate can be effectively stored. The condensate collection system integrates condensation and water collection functions, ensuring that the efficiency of water vapor condensation and water collection is maximized.

[0042] The small-scale seawater desalination device described in this utility model is designed to be miniaturized and portable, making it easy to carry and install. It is suitable for remote areas or small-scale seawater desalination needs, and can operate stably under low cost and low energy consumption conditions, and has strong practicality.

[0043] Furthermore, the seawater evaporation chamber 1 is connected to the solar collector shed 2 via Velcro or snap fasteners for easy disassembly and assembly; the chimney water collection trough 31 is installed to the central hole on the solar collector shed 2 via Velcro; the inner ring of the water collection trough 43 is installed to the top opening of the chimney 3 via Velcro or snap fasteners.

[0044] Furthermore, both the shell 41 and the condensation mesh 42 are conical structures, and both the shell 41 and the condensation mesh 42 have openings at the large-diameter end.

[0045] Furthermore, the Fresnel lens is bonded to the heat collection shed 2 using UV adhesive or hot melt adhesive.

[0046] Furthermore, the seawater evaporation chamber 1 is located at the bottom of the device and is used to provide support for the solar collector shed 2, the chimney 3 and the condensate collection system. As the core part of the entire desalination system, it is responsible for containing seawater and using solar energy to heat the seawater, causing it to evaporate into water vapor.

[0047] Furthermore, the seawater evaporation chamber 1, the chimney structure 3, and the condensate collection system are all made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as PET film, which can be used stably in the seawater environment for a long time, ensuring the durability and stability of the device; the heat collection shed 2 is made of transparent or semi-transparent thermally conductive materials, such as PET film, which can maximize the transmittance of sunlight and the heat collection efficiency.

[0048] Furthermore, the height-to-diameter ratio of the chimney 3, which has a high water vapor guiding efficiency, is 12-12.5, and the height-to-side length ratio of the chimney 3 to the square heat collection shed 2 is 0.58; the height and extendability of the chimney 3 further enhance the steam guiding capability of the device.

[0049] Furthermore, the smooth inner surface of the chimney 3 facilitates the rapid ascent of steam.

[0050] Furthermore, the condenser mesh 42 is made of a high-efficiency heat exchange material, such as a copper-based condenser mesh, which can quickly reduce the temperature of water vapor as it flows in, causing the water vapor to condense into water droplets.

[0051] During operation, the solar collector shed 2 absorbs solar radiation and then uses its focusing system to direct sunlight onto the surface of the seawater evaporation chamber 1, heating the seawater to its evaporation temperature. The water in the seawater evaporates rapidly, and the water vapor rises rapidly through the chimney 3. Due to the upward effect of the hot airflow generated by the temperature difference, the water vapor flows upward quickly inside the chimney 3, reducing heat loss and improving steam guiding efficiency. The water vapor eventually enters the water collection hood 4 for condensation. The condensation mesh 42 quickly cools the water vapor, causing it to condense into water droplets. The water droplets flow along the condensation mesh 42 into the surrounding water collection tanks 43, and finally flow along the water guide pipe connected to the water collection tanks 43 into the freshwater collector 6 next to the device. The auxiliary collection pipe 5 extends into the connection between the chimney 3 and the solar collector shed 2, fits against the solar collector shed 2, and connects to the freshwater collector, enabling the collection and discharge of the condensate flowing down the wall inside the chimney 3.

[0052] This invention relates to a seawater desalination device that combines efficient solar thermal collection, a chimney effect to guide steam upwards, and a highly efficient condensate collection system. It aims to provide a portable, environmentally friendly, and electricity-free seawater desalination solution. The device's greatest advantage lies in its independence from external power, relying entirely on solar energy. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for remote areas with unstable power supplies or for emergency disaster relief. The modular design allows for flexible combination and adjustment of its components to meet the requirements of different environments and applications. This small-scale seawater desalination device, through the synergistic effect of its thermal collection shed, seawater evaporation chamber, chimney, and condensate collection system, can efficiently desalinate seawater without relying on electricity, making it suitable for outdoor exploration, emergency rescue, and other similar scenarios.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A compact seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect, characterized by, This includes a seawater evaporation chamber, a heat collection shed, a chimney, and a condensate collection system; The seawater evaporation chamber has an open upper surface structure. The heat collection shed is fixedly installed above the seawater evaporation chamber and covers the opening on the upper surface of the seawater evaporation chamber. The heat collection shed is a flat plate structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method. Several Fresnel lenses are glued to the heat collection shed. A ring-shaped water collection trough is installed at the bottom of the chimney, and the heat collection shed has a central hole. The water collection trough is fixedly installed in the central hole, so that the chimney is connected to the interior of the seawater evaporation chamber. The chimney is a tubular structure with creases formed by the Miura folding method. The condensate collection system includes a water collection hood and an auxiliary collection pipe. The water collection hood is installed on the top of the chimney and includes a shell, a fine condensate screen, and an annular water collection trough. The shell is fitted over the outside of the fine condensate screen. The water collection trough is installed at the top opening of the chimney and has a circumferential groove with the opening facing upwards. Both the shell and the fine condensate screen have bottom openings facing the chimney, and their bottoms are placed within the groove. Water vapor entering the chimney condenses into liquid water on the fine condensate screen. A drain hole is provided on the side of the water collection trough, and the drain hole is connected to a freshwater collector through a water guide pipe. One end of the auxiliary collection pipe is connected to the drain hole on the chimney water collection trough, and the other end is connected to the freshwater collector.

2. The compact seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seawater evaporation chamber is connected to the solar collector shed via Velcro or snap fasteners; the chimney water collection trough is installed in the central hole of the solar collector shed via Velcro; the inner ring of the water collection trough is installed in the top opening of the chimney via Velcro or snap fasteners.

3. The compact seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the shell and the condensation mesh are conical structures, and both the shell and the condensation mesh have openings at the large-diameter end.

4. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Fresnel lens is bonded to the heat collection shed using UV adhesive or hot melt adhesive.

5. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the height to the diameter of the chimney is 12-12.5, and the ratio of the height of the chimney to the side length of the square heat collection shed is 0.

58.

6. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the chimney is smooth.

7. The small-scale seawater desalination device based on Miura folding and solar chimney effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seawater evaporation chamber, the chimney structure, and the condensate collection system are all made of corrosion-resistant materials; the heat collection shed is made of transparent or semi-transparent thermally conductive materials; and the condensate mesh is made of high-efficiency heat exchange materials.

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