Rock mass foundation surface protection layer blasting excavation structure

Abstract

This application relates to a blasting excavation structure for a protective layer of a rock mass foundation. The blasting excavation structure for a protective layer of a rock mass foundation includes a blasting hole penetrating the protective layer. The blasting hole includes a buffer zone, a charging zone, and a plugging zone. The buffer zone is located at the end of the blasting hole closest to the rock mass foundation, and the plugging zone is located at the end of the blasting hole furthest from the rock mass foundation. The charging zone is located between the buffer zone and the plugging zone. The blasting excavation structure for a protective layer of a rock mass foundation also includes a buffer assembly, a charge cartridge, and a plugging component. The buffer assembly is located in the buffer zone. The charge cartridge is located in the charging zone. The plugging component is located in the plugging zone. The blasting excavation structure for a protective layer of a rock mass foundation described in this application has the advantages of high safety and high construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering construction technology, and in particular to a blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of a rock foundation. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy engineering construction, the rock mass foundation surface serves as the foundation support surface for dams or other structures, and its excavation quality plays a crucial role in the stability of the entire project.

[0003] In traditional rock excavation, the excavation of the protective layer of the rock foundation surface mainly relies on blasting shaping control technology. However, this technology has significant drawbacks: the layered excavation method leads to cumbersome procedures, significantly reducing construction efficiency and extending the construction period; at the same time, the blasting process is difficult to control precisely, and excessive blasting frequently causes rock mass damage, compromising the integrity and stability of the rock foundation surface and posing potential risks to the safety and stability of subsequent structures. In addition, traditional blasting methods generate a large amount of smoke and dust, severely polluting the construction environment, increasing operational safety risks, and threatening the lives of construction workers and the normal operation of surrounding equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of a rock foundation, which addresses the problems of significant safety hazards and low efficiency associated with excavating the protective layer of a rock foundation.

[0005] This utility model provides a blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of a rock mass foundation, comprising:

[0006] A blasting hole is provided to penetrate the protective layer. The blasting hole includes a buffer zone, a charge zone, and a plugging zone. The buffer zone is provided at one end of the blasting hole near the rock mass foundation surface. The plugging zone is provided at one end of the blasting hole away from the rock mass foundation surface. The charge zone is provided between the buffer zone and the plugging zone.

[0007] A buffer component, wherein the buffer component is disposed in the buffer;

[0008] A medicine roll, wherein the medicine roll is disposed in the medicine loading area;

[0009] And a plugging element disposed in the blockage area.

[0010] In one embodiment, the buffer assembly includes a flexible pad and a water seal pad, both of which are disposed in the buffer zone. The flexible pad is disposed at one end of the buffer zone near the pharmacopoeia, and the water seal pad is disposed at one end of the buffer zone near the rock mass foundation surface.

[0011] In one embodiment, the flexible pad layer includes a plurality of rubber sheets, which are stacked along the axial direction of the rupture hole; or, the flexible pad layer includes a first foam board and a second foam board, which are stacked along the axial direction of the rupture hole, with the second foam board disposed between the first foam board and the water seal pad layer, and the density of the second foam board being greater than that of the first foam board.

[0012] In one embodiment, the water seal layer includes a first hydrogel pad and a second hydrogel pad, the first hydrogel pad and the second hydrogel pad are stacked along the axial direction of the blast hole, the second hydrogel pad is disposed between the first hydrogel pad and the rock mass foundation surface, and the density of the second hydrogel pad is greater than the density of the first hydrogel pad.

[0013] In one embodiment, the thickness of the flexible pad is 5cm to 20cm, and the thickness of the water seal pad is 10cm to 30cm.

[0014] In one embodiment, the explosive charge includes multiple explosive packages arranged along the axial direction of the blast hole, with a first gap between adjacent explosive packages.

[0015] In one embodiment, a second gap is provided between the explosive cartridge and the wall of the blast hole.

[0016] In one embodiment, the packing material includes clay disposed in the blocking area; or, the packing material further includes clay and rock powder, with the rock powder disposed at one end of the blocking area near the cartridge and the clay disposed at the other end of the blocking area away from the cartridge.

[0017] In one embodiment, the blasting holes include multiple holes, which are arranged in a quincunx pattern on the protective layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the hole spacing a of the blasting holes is 1m ± 0.2m, the row spacing b of the blasting holes is 1m ± 0.2m, the hole depth h of the blasting holes is 1m ± 0.2m, and the hole diameter d of the blasting holes is 40cm ± 10cm.

[0019] The aforementioned blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface utilizes a method where blasting holes are drilled through the protective layer. Starting from the end of the blasting hole closest to the rock mass foundation surface, a buffer zone, a charging zone, and a plugging zone are sequentially set up. Buffer components are placed in the buffer zone, the explosive charge is placed in the charging zone, and a plugging component is placed in the top plugging zone. Because the blasting holes penetrate the entire protective layer, and a plugging component is placed at the entrance, the entire protective layer can be blasted in one go by detonating the explosive charge. This reduces process changes and repetitive work, significantly improving construction progress and efficiency. Furthermore, the buffer components at the bottom of the blasting holes effectively absorb and disperse blasting energy, reducing damage to the rock mass foundation surface. They also suppress blasting dust and reduce flyrock, providing safety protection and offering advantages such as high safety and high construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This is an elevation layout diagram of the rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure described in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Icon labels:

[0024] 100A, blast hole; 110A, buffer zone; 120A, charging area; 130A, plugging zone; 200, buffer assembly; 210, flexible padding layer; 220, water seal padding layer; 300, explosive cartridge; 310, explosive charge; 400, packing material;

[0025] 10. Protective layer; 20. Rock mass foundation surface. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0028] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0031] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0032] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of the blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface according to an embodiment of this application. The blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface includes a blasting hole 100A that penetrates the protective layer 10. The blasting hole 100A includes a buffer zone 110A, a charge zone 120A, and a blocking zone 130A. The buffer zone 110A is located at one end of the blasting hole 100A close to the rock mass foundation surface 20, and the blocking zone 130A is located at one end of the blasting hole 100A away from the rock mass foundation surface 20. The charge zone 120A is located between the buffer zone 110A and the blocking zone 130A.

[0033] The blasting excavation structure for the protective layer of the rock mass foundation surface also includes a buffer assembly 200, a charge cartridge 300, and a plugging component 400. The buffer assembly 200 is located in the buffer zone 110A. The charge cartridge 300 is located in the charging zone 120A. The plugging component 400 is located in the plugging zone 130A.

[0034] In one embodiment, the blasting hole 100A is disposed in the protective layer 10 along a direction perpendicular to the rock mass foundation surface 20, and the bottom to the top of the blasting hole 100A are respectively a buffer zone 110A, a charging zone 120A and a plugging zone 130A.

[0035] The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure described in this application embodiment involves setting a blasting hole 100A through the protective layer 10. Within the blasting hole 100A, from one end near the rock mass foundation surface 20 to the other, a buffer zone 110A, a charging zone 120A, and a plugging zone 130A are sequentially arranged. A buffer assembly 200 is then placed in the buffer zone 110A, a charge cartridge 300 is placed in the charging zone 120A, and a plugging component 400 is placed in the top plugging zone 130A. Because the blasting hole 100A penetrates the entire protective layer 10, and the plugging component 400 is placed at the entrance of the blasting hole, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by detonating the charge cartridge 300 is sealed within the blasting hole 100A by the plugging component 400 and acts on the entire protective layer 10. This allows the entire protective layer 10 to be blasted in one operation, thereby reducing process changes and repetitive work, and significantly improving the progress and efficiency of the rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting construction.

[0036] Furthermore, the buffer component 200 installed at the bottom of the blast hole 100A can effectively absorb and disperse blasting energy, reduce the damage of blasting to the rock foundation surface 20, and at the same time play a safety protection role such as suppressing blasting smoke and dust and reducing flying rocks. It has the advantages of high safety and high construction efficiency.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the buffer assembly 200 includes a flexible pad 210 and a water seal pad 220. Both the flexible pad 210 and the water seal pad 220 are disposed in the buffer zone 110A. The flexible pad 210 is disposed at one end of the buffer zone 110A near the drug cartridge 300, and the water seal pad 220 is disposed at one end of the buffer zone 110A near the rock mass foundation surface 20.

[0038] In this embodiment, the buffer component 200 is configured as a two-stage buffer structure combining a flexible cushion layer 210 and a water seal cushion layer 220. The flexible cushion layer 210 utilizes its compressibility and elastic deformation characteristics to provide the first layer of buffering for the peak pressure of the detonation wave. Energy is dissipated through the compression of internal pores and the stretching of molecular chains, reducing the initial impact intensity. Subsequently, the water seal cushion layer 220 utilizes the incompressibility and viscous resistance of liquid water to construct an energy release space, transforming energy transfer from instantaneous impact to continuous work, further dispersing the stress concentration area. Under the synergistic effect of the two, the peak value of the blasting load borne by the rock mass foundation surface 20 is significantly reduced. At the same time, the liquid medium of the water seal cushion layer 220 can adsorb the fine dust generated by the blasting, suppressing the initial velocity of flyrock, achieving a coupled optimization of precise energy control and safety and environmental protection effects.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the flexible pad 210 includes multiple rubber sheets stacked along the axial direction of the blast hole 100A. As the blast wave propagates along the axial direction of the blast hole 100A, the multiple stacked rubber sheets, through their own compression deformation, sequentially filter and absorb energy, reducing the impact intensity and significantly lowering the shock wave pressure ultimately acting on the rock mass foundation surface 20, thereby reducing damage to the rock mass foundation surface 20.

[0040] In other embodiments, the flexible pad 210 may further include a first foam board and a second foam board, which are stacked along the axial direction of the rupture hole 100A. The second foam board is disposed between the first foam board and the water seal pad 220, and the density of the second foam board is greater than that of the first foam board. When the blast wave propagates along the axial direction of the rupture hole 100A, it passes sequentially through the low-density first foam board and the high-density second foam board. The low-density first foam board softens the shock wave, and then the high-density second foam board, through a rigid energy-dissipating progressive design, utilizes the density gradient to achieve a smooth transition of wave impedance, thereby improving the buffering efficiency of the flexible pad 210.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the water seal pad 220 includes a first hydrogel pad and a second hydrogel pad, which are stacked along the axial direction of the blast hole 100A. The second hydrogel pad is disposed between the first hydrogel pad and the rock mass foundation surface 20, and the density of the second hydrogel pad is greater than that of the first hydrogel pad.

[0042] In this embodiment, a water-sealed pad 220 with a density gradient is set up. The low-density first hydrogel pad initially absorbs the peak impact of the detonation wave, and dissipates most of the energy through high elastic deformation and pore water flow, reducing the stress rise rate. Subsequently, the high-density second hydrogel pad further constrains the expansion of the blast gas by utilizing the incompressibility of the liquid medium, converting the remaining energy into quasi-static continuous pressure. This significantly reduces the peak pressure borne by the rock mass foundation surface 20, reduces the flatness error of the rock mass foundation surface 20, and decreases the concentration of generated dust.

[0043] In one optional embodiment, the first hydrogel pad includes a first water bag and purified water, with the purified water contained in the first water bag. The second hydrogel pad includes a second water bag and a bentonite aqueous solution, with the bentonite aqueous solution contained in the second water bag. Specifically, both the first and second water bags are made of PVC. By filling the first water bag with purified water to create a first hydrogel pad with lower density, and by filling the second water bag with a bentonite aqueous solution with a density greater than that of purified water, a second hydrogel pad with lower density is created.

[0044] In one optional embodiment, the thickness of the flexible cushion layer 210 is 5cm to 20cm, and the thickness of the water seal cushion layer 220 is 10cm to 30cm. The thickness values ​​of the flexible cushion layer 210 and the water seal cushion layer 220 need to be dynamically adjusted based on the mechanical properties of the protective layer 10 and the blasting condition parameters, so that the protective layer 10 can be blasted in one go while the damage to the rock mass foundation surface 20 is minimal, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the explosive cartridge 300 includes multiple explosive charges 310, which are arranged along the axial direction of the blast hole 100A, and a first gap is provided between adjacent explosive charges 310. Optionally, the first gap contains air, rock chips, bamboo tubes, or foam.

[0046] In this embodiment, by discontinuously installing explosive charges 310 within the blasting hole 100A, with a first gap between adjacent explosive charges 310, a discontinuous charging pattern is formed. This avoids the concentrated release of energy from the explosive charge 300, effectively reducing the shock wave and stress disturbance to the rock mass foundation surface 20 during blasting. Consequently, it reduces the expansion of cracks in the rock mass foundation surface 20 and decreases the fracture range of the rock mass foundation surface 20, thereby improving the integrity and stability of the rock mass foundation surface 20.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a second gap is provided between the explosive cartridge 300 and the wall of the blast hole 100A.

[0048] In this embodiment, a second gap is left between the explosive cartridge 300 and the wall of the blast hole 100A. The second gap acts as a buffer layer to reduce the direct impact of the initial explosion pressure on the wall of the blast hole 100A, allowing the high-pressure gas to act slowly on the rock mass foundation surface 20.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plugging component 400 includes clay, which is placed in the plugging zone 130A. If the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated at the moment of the explosion of the explosive cartridge 300 is not plugged, it will escape rapidly from the orifice, causing a sudden drop in pressure inside the orifice. By placing clay in the plugging zone 130A, the clay buffers the gas escape through plastic deformation, prolonging the effective pressure action time inside the orifice and improving energy utilization.

[0050] In other embodiments, the packing member 400 further includes clay and rock powder, with the rock powder disposed at the end of the blocking area 130A near the cartridge 300 and the clay disposed at the end of the blocking area 130A away from the cartridge 300. By placing the rock powder at the bottom of the clay, the bottom constraint of the packing member 400 is enhanced, thereby improving the blocking effect of the clay.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, there are multiple blasting holes 100A, which are arranged in a staggered pattern on the protective layer 10. The staggered arrangement means that adjacent rows of holes are staggered, forming equilateral or isosceles triangles between the holes, rather than perpendicularly aligned rectangles. This staggered arrangement ensures a more uniform distribution of the explosive charge 300 and a more uniform shock wave from the blast. The number of blasting holes 100A needs to be adjusted according to the geological conditions of the rock mass, the shape and size of the foundation surface, and the blasting requirements to ensure that the protective layer 10 is blasted in a single operation while minimizing damage to the rock mass foundation surface.

[0052] In other embodiments, the blast hole 100A can also be selected as a rectangular hole layout as needed.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the hole spacing a of blasting holes 100A is 1m ± 0.2m, the row spacing b of blasting holes 100A is 1m ± 0.2m, the hole depth h of blasting holes 100A is 1m ± 0.2m, and the hole diameter d of blasting holes 100A is 40cm ± 10cm. The layout data of blasting holes 100A needs to be optimized based on the geological conditions of the rock mass, the shape and size of the foundation surface, and the blasting requirements. This optimization of parameters such as hole spacing a and row spacing b ensures that the protective layer 10 is blasted in one go, thereby reducing the damage to the foundation surface of the rock mass.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the rock in the blasting test area is medium-thickness, grayish-white or yellowish-gray with thin layers of dolomitic limestone, and the saturated wet compressive strength of the rock is 93MPa~108MPa, with an elastic wave velocity of 4500m / s~5500m / s. Based on the excavation height of the test section, the height of the first blasting step of the protective layer 10 is taken as 2.4m. The blasting parameters in this embodiment are as follows: the hole spacing a of blasting holes 100A is 1m, the row spacing b of blasting holes 100A is 1m, the hole depth h of blasting holes 100A is 1m, and the hole diameter d of blasting holes 100A is 40cm. The thickness of the flexible cushion layer 210 is 20cm, and the thickness of the water seal cushion layer 220 is 20cm. The mass of the explosive cartridge 300 is 150g, and the diameter of the explosive cartridge 300 is 32cm.

[0055] Post-blast macroscopic investigation revealed that the blast piles were concentrated, uniform in size, and the main accumulation direction was along the angle between the blast piles and the free face. The blasting effect was significantly less over- and under-excavation compared to traditional methods, resulting in a smooth excavation surface. The depth of rock mass preserved below the bottom of the 100A blast hole was determined by the change in acoustic velocity at the same location before and after blasting. The standard for velocity determination was a 3-5% reduction in velocity after blasting compared to before blasting. This was significantly less damage than traditional methods. The 20mm flat rock foundation surface showed minimal damage compared to traditional single-stage blasting excavation, making it suitable for building foundations.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A blasting excavation structure for a protective layer on a rock mass foundation surface, characterized in that, include: A blasting hole (100A) is provided through the protective layer (10). The blasting hole (100A) includes a buffer zone (110A), a charge zone (120A), and a plugging zone (130A). The buffer zone (110A) is provided at one end of the blasting hole (100A) near the rock foundation surface (20). The plugging zone (130A) is provided at one end of the blasting hole (100A) away from the rock foundation surface (20). The charge zone (120A) is provided between the buffer zone (110A) and the plugging zone (130A). A buffer component (200) is disposed in the buffer (110A); Drug roll (300), said drug roll (300) being disposed in said drug loading area (120A); and A plugging element (400) is disposed in the blocking area (130A).

2. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer assembly (200) includes a flexible pad (210) and a water seal pad (220), both of which are disposed in the buffer zone (110A). The flexible pad (210) is disposed at one end of the buffer zone (110A) near the drug cartridge (300), and the water seal pad (220) is disposed at one end of the buffer zone (110A) near the rock mass foundation surface (20).

3. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible pad (210) includes a plurality of rubber sheets, which are stacked along the axial direction of the burst hole (100A); or, The flexible pad (210) includes a first foam board and a second foam board, which are stacked along the axial direction of the burst hole (100A). The second foam board is disposed between the first foam board and the water seal pad (220), and the density of the second foam board is greater than that of the first foam board.

4. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water seal pad (220) includes a first hydrogel pad and a second hydrogel pad. The first hydrogel pad and the second hydrogel pad are stacked along the axial direction of the blast hole (100A). The second hydrogel pad is used to be disposed between the first hydrogel pad and the rock mass foundation surface (20). The density of the second hydrogel pad is greater than that of the first hydrogel pad.

5. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the flexible pad (210) is 5cm to 20cm, and the thickness of the water seal pad (220) is 10cm to 30cm.

6. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive cartridge (300) includes multiple explosive packages (310), which are arranged along the axial direction of the blast hole (100A), and a first gap is provided between adjacent explosive packages (310).

7. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: A second gap is provided between the explosive cartridge (300) and the wall of the blast hole (100A).

8. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plugging component (400) comprises clay, which is disposed in the plugging area (130A); or, The plugging component (400) further includes clay and rock powder, with the rock powder disposed at one end of the plugging area (130A) near the end of the cartridge (300) and the clay disposed at the end of the plugging area (130A) away from the cartridge (300).

9. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting holes (100A) include multiple holes, which are arranged in a quincunx pattern on the protective layer (10).

10. The rock mass foundation surface protective layer blasting excavation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole spacing a of the blasting hole (100A) is 1m±0.2m, the row spacing b of the blasting hole (100A) is 1m±0.2m, the hole depth h of the blasting hole (100A) is 1m±0.2m, and the hole diameter d of the blasting hole (100A) is 40cm±10cm.

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