A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine

Abstract

This utility model discloses a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine, relating to the field of precision geometric measurement technology. The roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine includes a base and a protective frame. The protective frame has an acrylic plate and loading / unloading windows. The top of the base is fixed to a clamping base via an annular mounting flange. An annular vacuum suction cup is located at the center of the clamping base, and six slots with adjustable screws, metal pressure sensors, and silicone top blocks are distributed around its circumference, achieving "vacuum adsorption + flexible support" clamping. Temperature and humidity sensors, micro-vibration sensors, shock-absorbing brackets (connected to a vacuum generator), and differential pressure gauges are located around the annular mounting flange, forming "data compensation + physical vibration reduction" protection. This roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine can prevent workpiece deformation, achieves a measurement accuracy of 0.1μm, is suitable for shaft workpieces with diameters of 10-100mm, has a high degree of automation, is compatible with cleanrooms, and is suitable for batch testing in the automotive, aerospace, and medical device fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of precision geometric measurement technology, and in particular to a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Patent application number CN201820793395.9 discloses a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring instrument. This solution can solve the problems of traditional roundness and cylindricity measurements, which often use multiple sensors. Due to the large size of the device, high installation and debugging requirements, and high cost, it is difficult to adapt to on-site measurements. Moreover, in the measurement of irregular cylinders, the probe position cannot be changed, and it cannot be fixed for cylinders of different sizes, causing inconvenience to the measurement. However, this solution still has the following problems:

[0003] Existing measuring equipment mostly adopts two traditional methods: "rigid clamping with a three-jaw chuck" or "positioning with two ejector pins". The three-jaw chuck fixes the workpiece by radial clamping force. Although it is easy to operate, the clamping force can easily cause elastic deformation of thin-walled shafts and slender shafts (such as shafts with a diameter ≤10mm and a length-to-diameter ratio ≥10). The deformation can reach 0.5-1μm, which far exceeds the measurement accuracy requirement of 0.1μm. Moreover, the wear of the chuck jaws will further aggravate the positioning deviation. Although positioning with two ejector pins can reduce workpiece deformation, it requires manual calibration of the coaxiality between the ejector pins and the workpiece axis. The calibration process is time-consuming (calibrating a single workpiece takes 3-5 minutes) and depends on the operator's experience. Operational errors can easily introduce positioning deviations of ≥0.2μm.

[0004] Traditional measurement processes suffer from significant "manual dependence": Measurement paths require manual planning; for workpieces with characteristic areas such as stepped shafts and keyway shafts, measurement sections to "avoid keyways and stepped surfaces" must be manually marked, resulting in large operational errors (section position deviations can reach 1-2mm), and path planning for a single workpiece takes 2-3 minutes, leading to low efficiency; loading and unloading easily introduce contamination and deviations; when manually handling workpieces, hand grease and dust can easily contaminate the workpiece surface (especially in cleanroom settings such as semiconductor and medical device industries), and manual placement of workpieces can easily cause workpiece position shifts, requiring secondary calibration; data processing and feedback are lagging; measurement data and environmental data are not synchronized in real time, and errors caused by environmental interference require manual post-analysis and correction; the inspection cycle for a single workpiece is as long as 5-8 minutes, which cannot match the "minute-level" batch inspection rhythm of production workshops. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine, comprising a base and a protective frame. The protective frame is fixedly connected to the top of the base. Acrylic plates are fixedly connected to the left, right, and rear sides of the protective frame. The front of the protective frame is provided with a loading and unloading window. An annular mounting flange is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the base. The annular mounting flange is provided with positioning holes and is connected to the base by bolts and positioned through the positioning holes. A clamping base is fixedly connected to the top of the annular mounting flange. A channel is provided in the center of the clamping base. An annular vacuum suction cup is provided in the channel. A metal suction cup seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular vacuum suction cup. The metal suction cup seat is fixedly connected to the base. An air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the annular vacuum suction cup. The air inlet pipe is used to connect to an external air path.

[0007] Preferably, the clamping base is provided with six circumferentially distributed slots, each slot is fixedly connected to an adjustable screw, the adjustable screw is threadedly connected to the clamping base, a metal pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustable screw, and a silicone top block is fixedly connected to the top of the metal pressure sensor.

[0008] Preferably, a left bracket is provided on the left side of the annular mounting flange, and a right bracket is provided on the right side of the annular mounting flange. Both the left and right brackets are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment base. A temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to the left bracket, and a micro-vibration sensor is fixedly connected to the right bracket.

[0009] Preferably, a shock-absorbing bracket is fixedly connected to the equipment base, and a vacuum generator is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing bracket. A differential pressure gauge is installed on the left side of the vacuum generator and is fixedly connected to the equipment base. Both the differential pressure gauge and the vacuum generator are located on the right front side of the annular mounting flange and are near the loading and unloading window of the protective frame.

[0010] Preferably, an L-shaped bracket is provided on the rear side of the annular mounting flange. The L-shaped bracket is fixedly connected to the equipment base. An X-axis rail is fixedly connected to the L-shaped bracket. An X-axis slider is slidably connected to the X-axis rail. A sensor bracket is fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis slider. A laser displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the sensor bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the X-axis slider is fixedly connected to a Z-axis track, a Z-axis slider is slidably connected on the Z-axis track, a camera bracket is fixedly connected to one side of the Z-axis slider, and a high-definition industrial camera is fixedly connected to the camera bracket.

[0012] Preferably, a measuring head is fixedly connected to the left side of the Z-axis track.

[0013] Preferably, a signal integration plate is provided at the bottom of the annular mounting flange, and the signal integration plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the equipment base by a U-shaped plate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] This roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine features a combined clamping design of "end-face adsorption + circumferential flexible support." It can achieve axial stable positioning of the workpiece through negative pressure adsorption, and the flexible support can sense and adjust the support force in real time to avoid stress deformation caused by rigid clamping, thus ensuring positioning accuracy. At the same time, there is no need to replace the clamping components. It can be adapted to shaft workpieces of different diameters simply by adjusting the height of the support, which greatly improves the clamping versatility and reduces the cost of equipment use and the time spent changing workpieces.

[0016] This roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine constructs a protection system from two dimensions: "data compensation + physical vibration reduction". On the one hand, it collects temperature, humidity and vibration data around the workpiece and dynamically corrects the measurement results by combining them with material characteristics to offset the influence of environmental factors on the data. On the other hand, it isolates the vibration generated by the operation of the equipment through a vibration reduction structure to reduce the interference of vibration transmission on clamping and measurement. The dual protection ensures that the measurement accuracy is stably maintained at a high level, solving the pain point of unstable accuracy in workshop scenarios of existing technologies and adapting to the actual needs of industrial production environments.

[0017] This roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine features an automated process of "external shape pre-scanning - automatic path planning - precise movement measurement". It can automatically identify the characteristic areas of the workpiece and generate the optimal measurement path. With the help of the cross-moving mechanism, it can realize multi-section data acquisition without manual intervention of the measurement points. At the same time, it adopts a closed protective structure to reduce dust entry. Combined with a dedicated loading and unloading window, it is compatible with automatic transfer equipment. It not only avoids the errors and pollution caused by manual operation, but also significantly shortens the measurement time of a single workpiece and improves the efficiency of batch inspection. It is perfectly adapted to the cleanroom scenario of shaft workpiece manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (left) of a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the clamping module of the roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Equipment base; 2. Protective frame; 3. Annular mounting flange; 4. Differential pressure gauge; 5. Vacuum generator; 6. Vibration damping bracket; 7. Left bracket; 8. Temperature and humidity sensor; 9. Right bracket; 10. Micro-vibration sensor; 11. Signal integration board; 12. L-shaped bracket; 13. Clamping base; 14. X-axis track; 15. Z-axis track; 16. X-axis slider; 17. Z-axis slider; 18. Measuring head; 19. Camera bracket; 20. High-definition industrial camera; 21. Sensor bracket; 22. Laser displacement sensor; 23. Annular vacuum suction cup; 24. Metal suction cup holder; 25. Metal pressure sensor; 26. Silicone top block; 27. Adjustable screw; 28. Air inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present utility model. The preferred embodiments of the present utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present utility model, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, terms such as greater than, less than, and exceeding are understood to exclude the stated number, while terms such as above, below, and within are understood to include the stated number. The use of terms like "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the quantity or sequence of the indicated technical features.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-4This utility model provides a technical solution: a roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine, including a base 1 and a protective frame 2. The protective frame 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1. Acrylic plates are fixedly connected to the left, right and rear of the protective frame 2 for observing the working status. The front of the protective frame 2 is a loading and unloading window. An annular mounting flange 3 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the base 1. A clamping base 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the annular mounting flange 3. An annular vacuum suction cup 23 is provided in the center channel of the clamping base 13. A metal suction cup seat 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular vacuum suction cup 23. The metal suction cup seat 24 is fixedly connected to the base 1. An air inlet pipe 28 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the annular vacuum suction cup 23. The air inlet pipe 28 is connected to an external air passage. A positioning hole is provided on the annular mounting flange 3. The annular mounting flange 3 and the base 1 are connected by bolts and positioned through the positioning hole.

[0029] The annular mounting flange 3 is fixed to the equipment base 1 through a dual connection method of "bolts + positioning holes" to ensure the installation reference accuracy of the clamping base 13 (radial deviation ≤ 0.1mm), realize close-range collaboration between the clamping module and the environmental sensing and measurement modules, and reduce data transmission distance and delay;

[0030] Six slots are provided on the clamping base 13, which are distributed in a circle on the clamping base 13. An adjustable screw 27 is fixedly connected in the slot. A metal pressure sensor 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustable screw 27. A silicone top block 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the metal pressure sensor 25. The adjustable screw 27 is threadedly connected to the clamping base 13.

[0031] The workpiece end face is adsorbed by the annular vacuum chuck 23 (axial positioning), and the outer circular surface of the workpiece is supported by six silicone top blocks 26 (radial positioning). The metal pressure sensor 25 provides real-time feedback of the supporting force, and the adjustable screw 27 dynamically fine-tunes the height to keep the supporting force stable at 5-8N. This avoids the clamping stress caused by traditional rigid clamping, which can lead to slight deformation of the workpiece (especially thin-walled and slender shafts), and ensures the positioning accuracy of the workpiece (axial deviation ≤0.02mm, radial deviation ≤0.1mm).

[0032] The six slots of the clamping base 13 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the adjustable screw 27 to adapt to shaft workpieces of different diameters (the diameter range covers 10-100mm). The annular structure of the annular vacuum suction cup 23 can also be compatible with the end face adsorption of workpieces of different diameters. There is no need to replace the entire set of clamping components, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high cost of traditional clamping of "one workpiece, one clamp".

[0033] A left bracket 7 is provided on the left side of the annular mounting flange 3, and a right bracket 9 is provided on the right side of the annular mounting flange 3. Both the left bracket 7 and the right bracket 9 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment base 1. A temperature and humidity sensor 8 is fixedly connected to the left bracket 7, and a micro-vibration sensor 10 is fixedly connected to the right bracket 9.

[0034] A shock-absorbing bracket 6 is fixedly connected to the equipment base 1. A vacuum generator 5 is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing bracket 6. A differential pressure gauge 4 is set on the left side of the vacuum generator 5. The differential pressure gauge 4 is fixedly connected to the equipment base 1. The differential pressure gauge 4 and the vacuum generator 5 are set on the right front side of the annular mounting flange 3, near the material feeding window of the protective frame 2, so as to facilitate the observation of real-time data. A signal integration board 11 is set at the bottom of the annular mounting flange 3. The signal integration board 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the equipment base 1 through a U-shaped plate.

[0035] Temperature and humidity sensor 8 and micro-vibration sensor 10 respectively collect temperature, humidity and vibration data around the workpiece. The data is transmitted to the control system in real time. Combined with the preset metal material thermal expansion coefficient database, the measurement data is dynamically corrected (e.g., for every 0.1℃ temperature fluctuation, the size deviation is compensated according to the material thermal expansion coefficient). This offsets environmental interference from the data level. At the same time, the vibration damping bracket 6 isolates the vibration of the vacuum generator 5, reducing vibration transmission from the physical level. This forms a dual protection of "data compensation + physical vibration reduction" to ensure the stability of the measurement data.

[0036] An L-shaped bracket 12 is provided on the rear side of the annular mounting flange 3. The L-shaped bracket 12 is fixedly connected to the equipment base 1. The L-shaped bracket 12 is L-shaped. An X-axis rail 14 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped bracket 12. An X-axis slider 16 is fixedly connected to the X-axis rail 14. A laser displacement sensor 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis slider 16. A sensor bracket 21 is fixedly connected to the laser displacement sensor 22. A Z-axis rail 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the X-axis slider 16. A Z-axis slider 17 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis rail 15. A camera bracket 19 is fixedly connected to one side of the Z-axis slider 17. A high-definition industrial camera 20 is fixedly connected to the camera bracket 19. A measuring head 18 is fixedly connected to the left side of the Z-axis rail 15.

[0037] The high-definition industrial camera 20 moves above the workpiece along with the Z-axis slider 17, pre-scans the workpiece shape and identifies feature areas (such as steps and keyways), and automatically generates a measurement path (such as the cross-sectional position that avoids feature areas). The X-axis slider 16 and the Z-axis slider 17 drive the laser displacement sensor 22 to move along the path, realizing an automated process of "scanning-planning-measuring". There is no need for manual adjustment of the measurement points, reducing operational errors and human intervention pollution in the cleanroom.

[0038] The high-precision fit of the X-axis track 14 and Z-axis track 15 (sliding clearance ≤ 0.01mm) ensures the movement accuracy of the laser displacement sensor 22. The measuring head 18 calibrates the perpendicularity of the laser beam in real time. The laser displacement sensor 22 collects roundness data from multiple axial sections (60-120 points sampled per section). Cylindricity information is obtained by fitting multi-section data. The measurement accuracy is stable at the 0.1μm level. The data covers the entire axial range of the workpiece, avoiding the one-sidedness of traditional single-point measurement.

[0039] Working principle: The equipment base 1 provides rigid support for the whole machine. The protective frame 2 is fixed to the top of the equipment base 1. The acrylic plates on the left, right and back form a closed observation space (to facilitate real-time viewing of the internal working status). The loading and unloading window at the front is open, waiting for the workpiece to be transferred. At the same time, the external air circuit and the air inlet pipe 28 are pre-connected. The core components such as the vacuum generator 5, temperature and humidity sensor 8, and micro-vibration sensor 10 are powered on for self-testing to ensure that each module is in standby mode.

[0040] Operators or workshop robotic arms can move the shaft workpiece to be measured to the top of the clamping base 13 through the loading and unloading window in front of the protective frame 2. At this time, the annular mounting flange 3 serves as the mounting carrier of the clamping base 13. The clamping base 13 on its top has six pre-set grooves distributed in a circle to prepare for subsequent flexible clamping.

[0041] When the external air path is activated, the airflow is transmitted to the annular vacuum suction cup 23 through the air inlet pipe 28. The annular vacuum suction cup 23 generates negative pressure to adsorb the end face of the workpiece. The metal suction cup seat 24 ensures that the suction cup is evenly stressed and avoids axial displacement of the workpiece, thus achieving initial positioning of the workpiece.

[0042] The adjustable screws 27 in the six slots of the clamping base 13 work together: the metal pressure sensor 25 detects the contact pressure with the outer surface of the workpiece in real time; after the silicone top block 26 contacts the outer surface of the workpiece, if the pressure is too high or too low, the height of the adjustable screws 27 can be adjusted to make the six silicone top blocks 26 form a uniform supporting force on the workpiece (avoiding micro-deformation of the workpiece caused by rigid clamping); at the same time, the metal pressure sensor 25 transmits the pressure data to the signal integration board 11 to ensure that the clamping force meets the measurement requirements.

[0043] The signal integration board 11 feeds back the clamping pressure data to the whole machine control system. After confirming that the six silicone top blocks 26 support surfaces are on the same horizontal plane and the annular vacuum suction cup 23 is adsorbed stably, the clamping stage is completed and the workpiece is kept in a high-precision positioning state.

[0044] The temperature and humidity sensor 8 on the left bracket 7 on the left side of the ring mounting flange 3 collects temperature and humidity data (such as temperature fluctuations and humidity changes) of the measurement area in real time. The micro-vibration sensor 10 on the right bracket 9 on the right side detects the micro-vibration of the equipment base 1 and the clamping module (such as workshop equipment vibration and airflow disturbance). The data from both types of sensors are transmitted to the control system in real time to provide a basis for environmental compensation.

[0045] The differential pressure gauge 4 located on the right front side of the annular mounting flange 3 works in conjunction with the vacuum generator 5: the differential pressure gauge 4 displays the pressure difference of the vacuum system in real time and monitors the adsorption stability of the annular vacuum suction cup 23. If the pressure difference is abnormal (such as adsorption leakage), the vacuum generator 5 can adjust the gas pressure in time to ensure that the clamping state is not disturbed by the fluctuation of the ambient air pressure. The vacuum generator 5 is fixed to the vibration damping bracket 6, and the vibration damping bracket 6 reduces the impact of the generator vibration on the equipment.

[0046] The L-shaped bracket 12 on the rear side of the ring mounting flange 3 provides a mounting base for the measurement module. The X-axis rail 14 and Z-axis rail 15 on the L-shaped bracket 12 form a cross-moving mechanism: the Z-axis slider 17 drives the high-definition industrial camera 20 on the camera bracket 19 to move to a preset height directly above the clamping base 13. The high-definition industrial camera 20 pre-scans the workpiece shape, identifies the workpiece structure (such as optical axis, stepped axis), determines the position of the measurement section, and generates a preliminary measurement path.

[0047] X-axis slider 16 drives laser displacement sensor 22 to move along X-axis track 14 and adjust to the first measurement section. Laser displacement sensor 22 emits laser beam to irradiate the outer surface of the workpiece and collects distance data of different angles of the workpiece circumference in real time (reflecting roundness characteristics). At the same time, the measuring head 18 on the left side of Z-axis track 15 assists in calibrating the perpendicularity of the laser beam to the workpiece axis to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0048] After completing the roundness measurement of one section, the X-axis slider 16 drives the laser displacement sensor 22 to move along the X-axis track 14 to the next preset measurement section (covering the axial range of the workpiece), and repeats the roundness measurement process. The Z-axis slider 17 can finely adjust the height of the high-definition industrial camera 20 and the laser displacement sensor 22 according to the axial dimension of the workpiece to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data at different positions. Finally, the cylindricity information of the workpiece is obtained by fitting the roundness data of multiple sections.

[0049] The measurement data collected by the laser displacement sensor 22 and the high-definition industrial camera 20 are transmitted to the control system. The system combines the environmental data from the temperature and humidity sensor 8 and the micro-vibration sensor 10 to perform error compensation on the measurement results (such as eliminating the influence of thermal expansion and contraction of the workpiece caused by temperature), and finally generates a roundness and cylindricity accuracy report.

[0050] After the measurement is completed, the external air supply stops, the annular vacuum suction cup 23 is depressurized, the adjustable screw 27 drives the silicone top block 26 to reset downwards, releasing the workpiece. The operator or robotic arm can then remove the workpiece through the loading and unloading window. The equipment is then reset and awaits the next measurement cycle.

[0051] Structural Description:

[0052] Equipment base 1: The whole is a rigid cast iron frame with a milled surface (flatness ≤0.02mm). The top center is reserved for the fixing area of ​​the annular mounting flange 3. The perimeter is provided with mounting positions for the shock-absorbing bracket 6, differential pressure gauge 4, left bracket 7, right bracket 9, and L-shaped bracket 12. The bottom is provided with a U-shaped plate fixing position for the signal integration board 11. As the core load-bearing component of the whole machine, it provides a unified and stable installation benchmark for all modules, avoiding the deviation of the installation accuracy of each component due to the deformation of the base. The high rigidity of the cast iron material can reduce the transmission of external vibration. At the same time, the compact layout design shortens the connection distance between each module, reduces the data transmission delay and component interference risk, and is the basis for the stable operation of the whole machine.

[0053] Protective Frame 2: Fixedly connected to the top of the equipment base 1, it has a rectangular frame structure. Acrylic plates (5mm thick, light transmittance ≥90%) are fixedly connected to the left, right and rear sides. The front has a reserved loading and unloading window (the width is adapted to the diameter of the clamping base 13, and the height meets the needs of transferring shaft-type workpieces). Dustproof sealing strips are pasted on the edge of the window. The acrylic plates form a closed protective space to reduce the entry of external dust to adapt to the cleanroom scenario. At the same time, it is convenient for operators to observe the internal measurement status in real time. The loading and unloading window at the front is precisely matched with the workpiece transfer path of the robotic arm or manual, taking into account both protection and ease of operation, and avoiding the problem of dust contamination that is common in traditional open frames.

[0054] Circular mounting flange 3: A circular metal flange (diameter slightly larger than clamping base 13, thickness 8-10mm), fixedly connected to the top center of equipment base 1. The flange has two positioning holes (6mm in diameter) and eight bolt holes (8mm in diameter) evenly distributed on it, with the positioning holes and bolt holes spaced apart. The top is fixedly connected to clamping base 13. The left, right, and rear sides correspond to the installation areas of left bracket 7, right bracket 9, and L-shaped bracket 12, respectively. It is fixed to equipment base 1 through a dual connection method of "bolts + positioning holes" to ensure the installation reference accuracy of clamping base 13 (radial deviation ≤0.1mm). At the same time, it serves as an intermediate connection carrier to realize close-range collaboration between the clamping module and the environmental sensing and measurement modules, shortening the data transmission distance to reduce signal delay and ensuring the accuracy of collaborative work of each module.

[0055] Differential Pressure Gauge 4: Circular dial structure (50mm diameter, minimum division value 0.5kPa), fixedly connected to the equipment base 1, located on the right front side of the annular mounting flange 3 and close to the loading / unloading window of the protective frame 2. It is connected to the vacuum generator 5 through an air pipe. The dial faces the operator and displays the pressure difference of the vacuum system in real time, providing intuitive feedback on the adsorption stability of the annular vacuum suction cup 23 (indicating leakage when the pressure difference is normal). Its location close to the loading / unloading window allows the operator to quickly view the data without having to approach the core measurement area, avoiding dust pollution or vibration interference caused by manual intervention. At the same time, it provides intuitive data for the pressure adjustment of the vacuum generator 5.

[0056] Vacuum generator 5: Metal housing structure (dimensions 80mm×50mm×30mm), fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing bracket 6, located on the right front side of the annular mounting flange 3 and the right side of the differential pressure gauge 4. It is connected to the air inlet pipe 28 and the differential pressure gauge 4 through air pipes, and has a pressure adjustment function (output negative pressure range -80~-90kPa). It provides a stable negative pressure for the annular vacuum suction cup 23 to ensure that the workpiece end face is firmly adsorbed. When the differential pressure gauge 4 shows abnormal pressure, the output negative pressure can be adjusted in real time to adapt to the adsorption requirements of shaft workpieces of different weights (light thin-walled shafts to heavy solid shafts). At the same time, it works with the shock-absorbing bracket 6 to reduce the transmission of its own running vibration and avoid interfering with the measurement accuracy.

[0057] Vibration damping bracket 6: Rubber bracket (5mm thick, 60 Shore A hardness), in the shape of an "I", is fixedly connected to the equipment base 1. The top supports the vacuum generator 5, and the bottom is tightly fitted to the equipment base 1. It absorbs the vibration of the vacuum generator 5 during operation through the elastic properties of the rubber material (vibration attenuation rate ≥80%), and blocks the transmission of vibration to the equipment base 1 and clamping module. It reduces the interference of micro-vibration on the workpiece positioning accuracy and measurement data from a physical level, and ensures the measurement requirements of 0.1μm accuracy.

[0058] Left bracket 7: L-shaped metal bracket (50mm high, 30mm wide), fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment base 1 and the left side of the annular mounting flange 3. The horizontal end of the bracket is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove for the temperature and humidity sensor 8, and the vertical end is fixed to the equipment base 1 by bolts. The surface is passivated (for corrosion prevention). As the mounting carrier for the temperature and humidity sensor 8, the sensor is precisely fixed around the annular mounting flange 3 (≤10cm from the workpiece). This ensures that the collected temperature and humidity data are close to the core measurement area, avoiding compensation deviations caused by the remote position of the sensor, and providing true and effective raw data for environmental error compensation.

[0059] Temperature and humidity sensor 8: A rectangular plastic housing (20mm×15mm×8mm) is fixed to the horizontal end of the left bracket 7 with a buckle. It has a Φ1mm vent hole on the side (with a built-in PTFE waterproof and breathable membrane), an OLED display on the top (display accuracy ±0.1℃, ±2%RH), and a signal bus at the bottom connected to the shielded cable. It collects temperature and humidity data (such as temperature fluctuations and humidity changes) around the workpiece in real time and transmits the data to the control system. Combined with a preset database of thermal expansion coefficients of metal materials, it provides a basis for temperature compensation of the measurement data (such as correcting the size deviation according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material for every 0.1℃ temperature fluctuation), thus offsetting the interference of temperature and humidity on the measurement accuracy from the data level.

[0060] Right bracket 9: L-shaped metal bracket (50mm high, 30mm wide), fixedly connected to the upper surface of equipment base 1 and the right side of the annular mounting flange 3. The vertical end of the bracket is provided with a threaded hole (M5 specification) for the micro vibration sensor 10, and the horizontal end is fixed to the equipment base 1 by bolts. The surface is passivated and serves as the mounting carrier for the micro vibration sensor 10. The sensor is tightly attached to the annular mounting flange 3 to ensure direct detection of micro vibrations of the clamping module (such as workshop equipment vibration, airflow disturbance), avoid the attenuation of vibration signal during transmission, improve the accuracy of vibration data acquisition, and provide accurate basis for subsequent vibration compensation.

[0061] Micro-vibration sensor 10: Cylindrical metal housing (10mm in diameter, 15mm in height), fixed to the vertical end of the right bracket 9 by M5 thread, with an internal piezoelectric structure (measurement range 0.1-1000Hz), an LED indicator on the top (green solid for normal, red flashing for fault), and a signal bus connected to the bottom via a shielded cable. It detects the micro-vibration data of the equipment base 1 and the clamping module in real time, and transmits it to the control system. After that, it works with the calibration function of the measuring head 18 to adjust the measurement posture of the laser displacement sensor 22 to compensate for the measurement position deviation caused by vibration. At the same time, it provides feedback on the vibration isolation effect of the shock-absorbing bracket 6 to ensure that the whole machine is in a low-vibration operation state.

[0062] Signal Integration Board 11: A square PCB board (50mm×50mm, FR-4 substrate) is fixed to the bottom of the equipment base 1 (away from the measurement area) by a U-shaped metal plate. The surface is equipped with interfaces for 6 metal pressure sensors 25, 1 RS485 communication interface, and 1 5V power interface. The edges are rounded and the surface is coated with conformal coating. The pressure data of the 6 metal pressure sensors 25 is collected and filtered before being transmitted to the whole machine control system. This avoids signal interference caused by the scattered wiring of individual sensors. At the same time, the metal pressure sensors 25 are powered in a unified manner to ensure stable data transmission and provide accurate data support for pressure adjustment with "stress-free clamping".

[0063] L-shaped bracket 12: An L-shaped metal bracket (horizontal section length 100mm, vertical section height 150mm), fixedly connected to the equipment base 1 and the rear side of the annular mounting flange 3. The upper surface of the horizontal section of the bracket is provided with a fixing groove for the X-axis rail 14, and the side of the vertical section is polished. It serves as the mounting base for the measurement module, accurately fixing the X-axis rail 14 to the rear side of the clamping base 13, ensuring that the X-axis rail 14 is parallel to the axis of the clamping base 13 (deviation ≤0.005mm), providing stable support for the precise movement of the laser displacement sensor 22. At the same time, the L-shaped structure reduces the space occupied by the bracket and avoids interference with other modules.

[0064] Clamping base 13: A circular metal base (diameter adapted to the largest measuring workpiece, thickness 15-20mm), fixedly connected to the top of the annular mounting flange 3, with a circular channel in the center (accommodating the annular vacuum chuck 23), and 6 slots evenly distributed around the top circumference (slot depth matches the height of the adjustable screw 27, slot width adapts to the metal pressure sensor 25), and threaded holes (M3 specification) for the adjustable screw 27 at the bottom of the slots. As the core carrier of the clamping module, it achieves axial positioning of the workpiece through the cooperation of the central channel and the annular vacuum chuck 23, and radial positioning of the workpiece through the installation of elastic support components in the 6 slots. At the same time, the circular structure ensures that the support force is evenly distributed, avoiding force imbalance when the workpiece is clamped.

[0065] X-axis track 14: Cylindrical stainless steel track (diameter 20mm, length twice the diameter of clamping base 13), chrome-plated (thickness 0.05mm, roughness Ra≤0.1μm), fixedly connected to the horizontal section of L-shaped bracket 12. Polyurethane limiting blocks (thickness 10mm) are provided at both ends of the track, which cooperate with X-axis slider 16 to form a horizontal moving mechanism. The sliding clearance is ≤0.01mm, and the moving parallelism is ≤0.005mm / 100mm. It provides an axial moving path for laser displacement sensor 22, ensuring that the sensor can cover the entire axial measurement range of the workpiece. At the same time, high surface accuracy and low mating clearance ensure moving accuracy and avoid measurement position errors caused by track deviation.

[0066] Z-axis track 15: Cylindrical stainless steel track (diameter 20mm, length 1.2 times the diameter of clamping base 13), chrome-plated (thickness 0.05mm, roughness Ra≤0.1μm), fixedly connected to the bottom of X-axis slider 16. Polyurethane limiting blocks (thickness 10mm) are provided at both ends of the track, which cooperate with Z-axis slider 17 to form a vertical moving mechanism. The sliding gap is ≤0.01mm, and the moving parallelism is ≤0.005mm / 100mm. It provides a vertical lifting path for high-definition industrial camera 20 and laser displacement sensor 22, adapting to the scanning and measurement needs of workpieces with different diameters. At the same time, the high fitting accuracy ensures the stability during movement and avoids the influence of vertical position deviation on measurement data.

[0067] X-axis slider 16: An aluminum alloy slider (with built-in linear bearing) is fitted onto the X-axis track 14. One side has a mounting hole (M4 thread) for the laser displacement sensor 22, and the bottom has a fixing groove for the Z-axis track 15. It works with the X-axis track 14 to achieve precise horizontal movement, driving the laser displacement sensor 22 to adjust the position of the measuring section along the workpiece axis. At the same time, the bottom is fixed to the Z-axis track 15, realizing the integrated function of "X-axis driving Z-axis and measuring component to move as a whole". The smooth cooperation between the slider and the track ensures fast movement response speed (≤0.1s / 10mm) and improves measurement efficiency.

[0068] Z-axis slider 17: An aluminum alloy slider (with built-in linear bearing) is fitted onto the Z-axis rail 15. One side has a mounting hole (M4 thread) for the camera bracket 19. It works with the Z-axis rail 15 to achieve precise vertical movement, driving the high-definition industrial camera 20 to adjust the scanning height and the laser displacement sensor 22 to adjust the measurement height. It is suitable for the shape scanning and data acquisition needs of shaft workpieces with different diameters. The high stability of the slider movement ensures the positional accuracy of camera scanning and laser measurement, avoiding unclear scanning or inaccurate measurement due to vertical movement deviation.

[0069] Measuring head 18: A cylindrical calibration component (8mm in diameter, 20mm in length), fixedly connected to the left side of the Z-axis track 15, close to the laser displacement sensor 22. The surface is high-precision polished (roundness ≤ 0.001mm). It calibrates the perpendicularity of the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor 22 to the workpiece axis in real time (calibration accuracy ≤ 0.005°), avoiding distance data deviation caused by laser beam tilt, providing a benchmark guarantee for the high-precision data acquisition of the laser displacement sensor 22, and ensuring the accuracy of the roundness data of each measurement section.

[0070] Camera bracket 19: L-shaped metal bracket (horizontal section length 30mm, vertical section height 20mm), fixedly connected to one side of Z-axis slider 17. The horizontal section is provided with mounting holes (M3 thread) for high-definition industrial camera 20. The surface is blackened (anti-reflective). As the mounting carrier for high-definition industrial camera 20, it accurately fixes the camera on Z-axis slider 17, ensuring that the camera lens is vertically aligned with the center of clamping base 13. At the same time, the L-shaped structure avoids the bracket from obstructing the camera's scanning field of view. The blackened surface treatment reduces the impact of reflection on the camera's imaging quality, ensuring clear scanning of the workpiece shape.

[0071] High-definition industrial camera 20: 5-megapixel industrial camera (lens focal length 25mm, aperture F1.8), fixedly connected to the horizontal section of camera bracket 19, with a lens equipped with sapphire dustproof glass, connected to the control system via shielded cable, moves with Z-axis slider 17 to a preset height above the workpiece, pre-scans the workpiece shape (scanning time ≤1s), accurately identifies feature areas such as steps and keyways, provides clear image basis for automatic planning of measurement paths, avoids operational errors of manual path planning, and at the same time, the sapphire dustproof glass protects the lens from dust contamination, ensuring imaging accuracy for long-term use;

[0072] Sensor bracket 21: L-shaped metal bracket (horizontal section length 25mm, vertical section height 15mm), fixedly connected to one side of X-axis slider 16. The vertical section is provided with mounting holes (M3 thread) for laser displacement sensor 22. The mounting angle can be finely adjusted. As the mounting carrier for laser displacement sensor 22, the bracket angle is finely adjusted to ensure that the laser beam of laser displacement sensor 22 is perpendicular to the workpiece axis (deviation ≤0.1°). At the same time, the bracket structure is stable, avoiding angular displacement of the sensor due to vibration during the measurement process, and ensuring the directional accuracy of laser measurement.

[0073] Laser displacement sensor 22: Cylindrical metal housing (diameter 20mm, length 40mm), fixedly connected to the vertical section of sensor bracket 21, with a laser emission port (with replaceable protective lens) at the head, and a signal interface and LED work light on the side. The laser measurement resolution is ≤0.01μm. It moves along the X-axis track 14 to each measurement section, emits a laser beam to irradiate the outer surface of the workpiece, and collects distance data at different angles of the workpiece circumference in real time (60-120 points are sampled at each section), reflecting the roundness characteristics of the workpiece. After fitting the data from multiple sections, the cylindricity information is obtained. The measurement accuracy of 0.1μm meets the requirements of high-precision detection. The replaceable protective lens facilitates later maintenance.

[0074] Annular vacuum suction cup 23: Annular rubber suction cup (inner diameter adapted to the minimum diameter of the workpiece, outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the central channel of the clamping base 13, width 5-8mm), made of nitrile rubber (hardness 50 Shore A±5), with annular anti-slip texture on the surface, set in the central channel of the clamping base 13, with a metal suction cup seat 24 fixedly connected to the bottom, and an air inlet pipe 28 connected to the center of the bottom. It adsorbs the end face of the workpiece through the negative pressure provided by the vacuum generator 5, realizing the axial positioning of the workpiece. The annular structure ensures that the adsorption force is evenly distributed on the end face of the workpiece, avoiding local force causing axial displacement of the workpiece. The anti-slip texture enhances the friction with the end face of the workpiece and improves the adsorption stability.

[0075] Metal suction cup base 24: A cylindrical aluminum alloy base (diameter consistent with the annular vacuum suction cup 23, height 5-10mm), fixedly connected to the equipment base 1, with an annular groove on the top (to match the bottom protrusion of the annular vacuum suction cup 23), and an air passage hole in the center (connected to the air inlet pipe 28), serving as a support carrier for the annular vacuum suction cup 23. The annular groove on the top ensures that the suction cup is not tilted after installation (flatness ≤0.01mm), and the air passage hole in the center ensures that the negative pressure is evenly transmitted to the suction cup. At the same time, the aluminum alloy material is lightweight and has sufficient rigidity, avoiding suction cup failure due to deformation under force.

[0076] Metal pressure sensor 25: Cylindrical metal sensor (8mm in diameter, 3-5mm in height), made of 304 stainless steel, fixedly connected to the top of the adjustable screw 27, with the top connected to the silicone top block 26. The pressure measurement accuracy is 0.01N. It detects the contact pressure between the silicone top block 26 and the outer surface of the workpiece in real time and transmits the pressure data to the signal integration board 11. This provides a basis for adjusting the height of the adjustable screw 27 and ensures that the supporting force of the six silicone top blocks 26 is stable at 5-8N, avoiding excessive supporting force that may cause slight deformation of the workpiece or insufficient supporting force that may cause instability.

[0077] Silicone top block 26: Cylindrical + hemispherical combination structure (cylindrical diameter 8mm, height 10mm, hemispherical radius 2mm), made of food-grade silicone (hardness 50-60 Shore A), with a smooth outer surface, fixedly connected to the top of the metal pressure sensor 25, and flexibly contacting the outer circular surface of the workpiece. The hemispherical top avoids sharp edges from scratching the workpiece surface. The flexible properties of silicone material reduce the compressive stress on the workpiece caused by rigid contact. At the same time, the smooth surface reduces the frictional resistance with the workpiece, ensuring no surface damage when the workpiece is clamped, and is suitable for the protection requirements of precision shaft workpieces.

[0078] Adjustable screw 27: Metal screw (3mm in diameter, 15-20mm in length), made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti, connected to the threaded hole at the bottom of the mounting base 13, with a metal pressure sensor 25 fixedly connected to the top, and an internal hexagonal wrench slot in the middle, the height can be adjusted by rotating the screw (adjustment accuracy ≤0.02mm).

[0079] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine, comprising a base (1) and a protective frame (2), characterized in that: The protective frame (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment base (1). Acrylic plates are fixedly connected to the left, right and back sides of the protective frame (2). The front of the protective frame (2) is set as a loading and unloading window. An annular mounting flange (3) is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the equipment base (1). The annular mounting flange (3) is provided with positioning holes, and the annular mounting flange (3) is connected to the equipment base (1) by bolts and positioned by positioning holes. The top of the annular mounting flange (3) is fixedly connected to the clamping base (13). The clamping base (13) has a channel in the center, and an annular vacuum suction cup (23) is installed in the channel. A metal suction cup seat (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular vacuum suction cup (23), and the metal suction cup seat (24) is fixedly connected to the equipment base (1). An air inlet pipe (28) is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the annular vacuum suction cup (23), and the air inlet pipe (28) is used to connect to the external air path.

2. The roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping base (13) is provided with six circumferentially distributed slots, and an adjustable screw (27) is fixedly connected in each slot. The adjustable screw (27) is threadedly connected to the clamping base (13). A metal pressure sensor (25) is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustable screw (27), and a silicone top block (26) is fixedly connected to the top of the metal pressure sensor (25).

3. The roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A left bracket (7) is provided on the left side of the annular mounting flange (3), and a right bracket (9) is provided on the right side of the annular mounting flange (3). Both the left bracket (7) and the right bracket (9) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment base (1). A temperature and humidity sensor (8) is fixedly connected to the left bracket (7), and a micro-vibration sensor (10) is fixedly connected to the right bracket (9).

4. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A shock-absorbing bracket (6) is fixedly connected to the equipment base (1), and a vacuum generator (5) is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing bracket (6). A differential pressure gauge (4) is set on the left side of the vacuum generator (5). The differential pressure gauge (4) is fixedly connected to the equipment base (1). Both the differential pressure gauge (4) and the vacuum generator (5) are set on the right front side of the annular mounting flange (3) and are located near the loading and unloading window of the protective frame (2).

5. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: An L-shaped bracket (12) is provided on the rear side of the annular mounting flange (3). The L-shaped bracket (12) is fixedly connected to the equipment base (1). An X-axis rail (14) is fixedly connected to the L-shaped bracket (12). An X-axis slider (16) is slidably connected to the X-axis rail (14). A sensor bracket (21) is fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis slider (16). A laser displacement sensor (22) is fixedly connected to the sensor bracket (21).

6. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the X-axis slider (16) is fixedly connected to the Z-axis rail (15), and the Z-axis slider (17) is slidably connected on the Z-axis rail (15). A camera bracket (19) is fixedly connected to one side of the Z-axis slider (17), and a high-definition industrial camera (20) is fixedly connected on the camera bracket (19).

7. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A measuring head (18) is fixedly connected to the left side of the Z-axis track (15).

8. A roundness and cylindricity shape measuring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the annular mounting flange (3) is provided with a signal integration plate (11), which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the equipment base (1) by a U-shaped plate.

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