A racing drone

Abstract

This utility model provides a racing drone, comprising: a fuselage, serving as the main body, with multiple arms mounted on the fuselage, and propellers at the ends of the arms; a light source, disposed at the upper and / or lower ends of the fuselage and the upper and / or lower ends of the arms, the light source being an LED light panel, the LED light panel having LED beads, the LED beads including first and second beads, both the first and second beads being arranged along the length direction of the LED light panel, the first beads being in one or more rows and emitting light from the front, the second beads being in two rows and disposed at the edge of the LED light panel and emitting light from the side; and a shell, disposed outside the fuselage and the arms, the shell being made of a light-transmitting material and allowing light from the light source to pass through. This utility model racing drone provides clear visibility during nighttime flight and has good heat dissipation performance, ensuring excellent performance of the drone in complex environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and more particularly to a racing UAV. Background Technology

[0002] Existing racing drones (also known as unmanned aerial vehicles) often suffer from insufficient lighting during races, competitions, and air shows. This makes it difficult for spectators to clearly see the drones' flight paths and spectacular maneuvers, resulting in a less than ideal overall visual experience and diminishing the viewing experience. This inadequacy is particularly noticeable in complex flight environments, further impacting the spectator appeal and competitiveness of the competition.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a racing drone that can provide higher brightness and better performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a racing drone with high brightness, wide light emission angle, good visual effect and excellent heat dissipation performance.

[0005] This utility model provides a racing drone, which includes:

[0006] The fuselage 1 serves as the main body, and multiple arms 11 are provided on the fuselage 1, with propellers at the ends of the arms 11.

[0007] A light source is provided at the upper and / or lower ends of the body 1 and the upper and / or lower ends of the arm 11. The light source is an LED light board, and the LED light board is provided with LED beads.

[0008] The housing is disposed outside the body 1 and the arm 11. The housing is made of a light-transmitting material and allows light from a light source to pass through.

[0009] This application involves installing LED light panels at the upper or lower end of the fuselage, or simultaneously at the upper or lower end of the fuselage and the upper or lower end of the arm, or simultaneously at the upper or lower end of the arm. By enhancing the light source layout, this application ensures a wide light coverage area, improves the visual effect during flight, and allows spectators to clearly see the flight trajectory and aerobatic maneuvers from different angles, significantly enhancing the entertainment value and competitiveness of the competition.

[0010] Furthermore, the LED light panel is a high-brightness LED light panel, which can provide a stronger lighting effect, ensure excellent visibility in complex environments, and increase the viewing distance, so that the drone remains bright when flying at high speed, thus enhancing the audience's viewing experience.

[0011] Furthermore, the light emission angle of the LED light panel is greater than or equal to 180 degrees, preferably greater than 250 degrees. The large light emission angle allows the light to cover a wider area, improving the visibility of flight trajectories and aerobatic maneuvers. It can provide uniform and bright illumination under different angles and flight attitudes of the aircraft, ensuring that the audience can clearly watch from any position.

[0012] Furthermore, the LED beads include a first LED bead 412a and a second LED bead 412b arranged along the length of the LED light panel. The first LED bead 412a is arranged in one or more rows and emits light from the front. The second LED bead 412b is arranged in two rows and is located at the edge of the LED light panel. The emitting surface of the second LED bead 412b is arranged outward, i.e., it emits light from the side. By using multiple rows of LED beads and also arranging LED beads along the edge, with the emitting LED beads at the edge facing outward, the uniformity and brightness of the illumination are increased. At the same time, the illumination angle is greatly increased, ensuring no blind spots during flight, improving the continuity and layering of the visual effect, and keeping the drone clearly visible during high-speed flight and complex maneuvers. This effectively enhances the viewing and competitive aspects of the competition and meets the audience's demand for a high-quality viewing experience.

[0013] Furthermore, the first LED bead 412a is a 5050 high-brightness LED bead, and the second LED bead 412b is a 4020 high-brightness LED bead. Both 5050 and 4020 are LED bead specifications. Specifically, 5050 refers to an LED bead with a length and width of 5.0mm × 5.0mm, while 4020 refers to an LED bead with a length and width of 4.0mm × 2.0mm. Their combined use can balance large-area illumination with detail highlighting, enhance the sense of light layering, and ensure that flight trajectories and motion details remain clearly visible at high speeds.

[0014] Furthermore, the power of a single LED light panel is 10W-30W. Through reasonable power distribution, the lighting is stable during long-term flight while ensuring sufficient illumination.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall of the housing is provided with several conical protrusions to form a lens refraction surface. The light emission direction of the LED light panel is towards the lens refraction surface. The conical protrusions can effectively focus the light, enhance the lighting effect, make the light more concentrated and have strong penetrating power. The light of the LED forms a dazzling light-emitting effect like a diamond after being refracted by these densely packed lenses.

[0016] Furthermore, the LED light panel includes a first LED light panel disposed on the upper surface of the fuselage 1, a second LED light panel 41Ⅰ disposed on the upper surface of the arm 11, and a second LED light panel 42Ⅱ disposed on the lower surface of the arm 11, ensuring a wide light coverage range, improving the visual effect during flight, and enabling the audience to clearly see the flight trajectory and aerobatic maneuvers from different angles, significantly enhancing the viewing experience and competitiveness of the competition.

[0017] Furthermore, the housing includes a first housing disposed outside the fuselage 1 and a second housing disposed outside the arm 11. A mounting cavity is formed inside the first housing. An air inlet 60 and a cooling fan 5 are provided at the front end of the mounting cavity, and an air outlet 10b is provided at the rear end of the mounting cavity. A cooling air duct 10 is formed between the air inlet 60 and the air outlet 10b. The driver 71 of the LED light board is disposed in the cooling air duct 10. After adopting the above-mentioned light source, the brightness is increased and the visibility effect is good. At the same time, it will increase the heat generation, especially the LED driver. By setting the above-mentioned cooling air duct, the LED driver can be quickly and effectively dissipated, ensuring the stable operation of the high-brightness lighting system of the racing machine and preventing performance degradation or even damage caused by overheating.

[0018] Furthermore, the second housing is connected to the cooling air duct 10, which simultaneously dissipates heat from the LED, ensuring overall heat dissipation and maintaining stable LED lifespan and brightness.

[0019] Furthermore, air inlet windows are provided on both sides of the front end of the mounting cavity, and air inlet grilles 6 are provided on the air inlet windows. Air inlet holes 60 are provided on the air inlet grilles 6 with their air inlet ends tilted downwards. The cooling fan 5 is located between the air inlet grilles 6 on both sides. The air inlet grilles serve as air inlets, which facilitates production, manufacturing and assembly. At the same time, they can effectively block rainwater and serve as a mounting bracket for the fan, with a reasonable layout.

[0020] Furthermore, the inner side of the air intake grille 6 is provided with a positioning groove 61 that can accommodate the edge of the cooling fan 5 for embedding and positioning. This enables quick positioning and fixing of the cooling fan, ensuring that the fan is installed securely and operates smoothly, thereby further optimizing the heat dissipation effect.

[0021] Furthermore, the lower end of the air intake grille 6 is provided with a connecting part 62 for connecting to the fuselage, and the connecting part 62 is provided with a connecting hole.

[0022] Furthermore, the air outlets 10b are located on both sides of the fuselage and face rearward to ensure smooth airflow, prevent heat accumulation, improve overall heat dissipation efficiency, and ensure the stability and safety of the aircraft during long-term high-intensity operation.

[0023] Furthermore, the tail of the first housing is provided with a guide surface that is narrow at the front end and wide at the rear end. The air outlet 10b is located at the front end of the guide surface. Utilizing the principle of aerodynamics, a certain negative pressure zone will be generated at the end of the drone to accelerate the discharge of hot air, further optimize the heat dissipation effect, and improve the cooling effect on the interior.

[0024] Furthermore, the outer wall of the air intake grille 6 is inclined in the forward direction. The grille 6 adopts an inclined design, which effectively reduces wind resistance, while improving air intake efficiency and air volume, ensuring that the cooling fan 5 draws in more cold air and improves the cooling effect.

[0025] Furthermore, the image transmission module 72 and / or flight control module 73 and / or electronic speed controller module 74 of the racing drone are arranged inside the cooling air duct 10, which realizes a reasonable layout of the internal modules and ensures that each module can still work stably under high load.

[0026] This utility model of a racing drone features meticulous optimization of its light-emitting and heat-dissipating components, enhancing overall performance. The combination of high brightness and wide-angle illumination from the LED light panel ensures clear visibility during nighttime flight; a special air-cooling system effectively dissipates heat, ensuring stable operation of all modules. Especially in rainy races, the rainproof air intake grille design demonstrates its unique advantage, ensuring the drone continues to perform excellently in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arm structure of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the LED light panel of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the arm of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of section A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section B;

[0034] Figure 8 This is another planar sectional view of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the air intake grille of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cooling fan of the racing drone of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow entering and exiting the racing drone of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the light emission direction of the LED light panel of the racing drone of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] See Figures 1-12 This utility model provides a racing drone, which includes a fuselage 1, a light source and a shell.

[0041] The fuselage 1 serves as the main body, and multiple arms 11 are mounted on it. In this embodiment, there are four arms arranged in an X-shape. Propellers are mounted at the ends of the arms 11. Specifically, motors are mounted at the ends of the arms 11, and propellers are mounted on the motors, serving as the flight drive device for the drone. In this embodiment, the arm 11 has a plate-like (sheet-like) structure, with its upper and lower surfaces being flat, forming mounting surfaces. A light source is located at the upper and / or lower ends of the fuselage 1 and the upper and / or lower ends of the arms 11. This light source is an LED light panel with LED beads 412 mounted on it. A housing is installed outside the fuselage 1 and the arms 11 to protect the internal structure. This housing is made of a light-transmitting material, allowing light from the internal light source to pass through. The housing is made of high-strength polycarbonate material, which has high impact strength, a wide operating temperature range, high transparency, and the ability to be freely dyed.

[0042] This application involves installing LED light panels at the upper or lower end of the fuselage, or simultaneously at the upper or lower end of the fuselage and the upper or lower end of the arm, or simultaneously at the upper or lower end of the arm. By enhancing the light source layout, this application ensures a wide light coverage area, improves the visual effect during flight, and allows spectators to clearly see the flight trajectory and aerobatic maneuvers from different angles, significantly enhancing the entertainment value and competitiveness of the competition.

[0043] In this application, LED beads are arranged in a high-density manner on the LED light board, and the coverage area of ​​the LED beads is more than 80% of the LED light board area.

[0044] Preferably, LED light panels are provided at the upper end of the body 1, and at the upper and lower ends of the arm. Specifically, the LED light panels include a first LED light panel, a second LED light panel 41Ⅰ, and a second LED light panel 42Ⅱ. The first LED light panel is disposed on the upper surface of the body 1, with its light-emitting surface facing upward. The first LED light panel has a rectangular structure and is arranged front to back, i.e., its length direction is parallel to the length direction of the body. The second LED light panel 41Ⅰ is disposed on the upper surface of the arm 11, facing upward. The second LED light panel 41Ⅰ has a rectangular structure and its length direction is parallel to the length direction of the arm. The first LED light panel 42 is positioned along the length of the arm and is attached to the upper surface of the arm. Its width is approximately the same as the overall width of the arm, covering the entire arm. The second LED light panel 42Ⅱ is located on the lower surface of the arm 11, facing downwards. This second LED light panel Ⅱ 42 has a rectangular structure, with its length parallel to the length of the arm and attached to the lower surface of the arm. Its width is approximately the same as the overall width of the arm, covering the entire arm. It has a large luminous area, ensuring a wide range of light coverage, improving the visual effect during flight, and allowing spectators to clearly see the flight path and aerobatic maneuvers from different angles, significantly enhancing the entertainment and competitiveness of the competition.

[0045] To enhance lighting brightness and visibility, the LED light panel in this application is a high-brightness LED light panel. Using a high-brightness LED light panel provides a stronger lighting effect, ensuring excellent visibility even in complex environments and increasing the viewing distance. This allows the drone to remain bright even during high-speed flight, improving the spectator experience. The LED light panel in this application has a beam angle greater than 180 degrees, preferably greater than 250 degrees. This wide beam angle allows for broader light coverage, improving the visibility of flight paths and aerobatic maneuvers. It provides uniform and bright illumination at different angles and flight attitudes of the aircraft, ensuring clear viewing from any position.

[0046] To achieve better lighting effects, in this application, the LED bead 412 comprises a strip-shaped plate 411 and first LED beads 412a and second LED beads 412b disposed on the plate 411. Multiple first LED beads 412a are arranged equidistantly along the length of the LED light plate, forming a row arrangement. The first LED beads 412a are arranged in one or more rows and are front-emitting, meaning their emitting surface faces away from the LED light plate. Multiple second LED beads 412b are also arranged along the length of the LED light plate. The LED beads are arranged equidistantly in rows, with two rows of second LED beads 412b positioned along the edge of the LED light panel. The first LED beads 412a are located between the two rows of second LED beads 412b, forming an array arrangement. The light-emitting surfaces of the second LED beads 412b in this application face outwards (side-emitting), meaning the two rows of second LED beads 412b emit light towards both sides of the light panel, i.e., back-to-back emission. Using multiple rows of LED beads with outward-emitting LEDs along the edge increases the uniformity and brightness of the illumination, while also significantly improving the light distribution. The increased illumination angle ensures no blind spots during flight, enhancing the continuity and layering of the visual effect. This keeps the drone clearly visible during high-speed flight and complex maneuvers, effectively improving the viewing experience and competitiveness of the competition, and meeting the audience's demand for a high-quality viewing experience. In this embodiment, the first LED 412a is a 5050 high-brightness LED, and the second LED 412b is a 4020 high-brightness LED. Both 5050 and 4020 are specifications for LEDs, with 5050 having a length and width of 5... The LED beads are 0.0mm × 5.0mm in size and emit light from the front, meaning they emit light away from the light panel. 4020 refers to LED beads with dimensions of 4.0mm × 2.0mm, whose length is parallel to the length of the light panel and emits light from the side. In this embodiment, both the first LED bead 412a and the second LED bead 412b are arranged in two rows, with 20-30 beads in each row. Their combined use can balance large-area illumination with detailed illumination, enhancing the sense of light layering and ensuring that flight trajectories and motion details remain clearly visible even at high speeds. The power of a single LED light panel in this application is 10W-30W. Through reasonable power distribution, it ensures stable illumination during long-term flight while maintaining sufficient lighting conditions.

[0047] In this application, the light-emitting surface of the second LED 412b is flush with or protrudes from the edge of the lamp board to avoid interference from the edge of the lamp board, increase the illumination angle, improve the illumination coverage, and reduce shadow dead angles.

[0048] To further improve the visual effect, this application provides a number of conical protrusions 311 on the inner wall of the housing. Specifically, they are quadrangular pyramid structures. The conical protrusions 311 are arranged in a dense pattern to form a lens refraction surface. The light emission direction of the LED light panel is towards the lens refraction surface. The conical protrusions can effectively focus the light, enhance the lighting effect, make the light more concentrated and have strong penetrating power. The light from the LED forms a dazzling light-emitting effect like a diamond after being refracted by these densely arranged lenses.

[0049] High-power LEDs can lead to increased heat generation, resulting in decreased flight performance and stability. In this application, the housing includes a first housing located outside the fuselage 1 and a second housing located outside the arm 11. A mounting cavity is formed within the first housing. An air inlet 60 and a cooling fan 5 are located at the front end of the mounting cavity, and an air outlet 10b is located at the rear end of the mounting cavity. A cooling air duct 10 is formed between the air inlet 60 and the air outlet 10b. The LED driver 71 is located within the cooling air duct 10. By setting up the aforementioned cooling air duct, rapid and effective heat dissipation of the LED driver is achieved, ensuring the stable operation of the high-brightness lighting system of the racing drone and preventing performance degradation or even damage due to overheating. Simultaneously, the second housing is connected to the cooling air duct 10, which also dissipates heat from the LEDs, ensuring overall heat dissipation and maintaining stable LED lifespan and brightness.

[0050] To facilitate assembly, in this application, the first housing includes an upper housing 21 and a lower housing 22 that can be spliced ​​together, which are fixed by buckles or screws to ensure structural stability and easy disassembly and maintenance; while the second housing includes an upper arm housing 31 and a lower arm housing 32, which are fixed in the same way, making them easy to install and remove and improving maintenance efficiency; a sealing gasket is provided between the two housings to prevent dust intrusion and extend service life.

[0051] In this application, air inlet windows are provided on both sides of the front end of the mounting cavity, and air inlet grilles 6 are provided on the air inlet windows. Air inlet holes 60 are provided on the air inlet grilles 6. The air inlet holes 60 are multiple strip structures with their air inlet ends inclined downwards. The cooling fan 5 is located between the air inlet grilles 6 on both sides, forming a fin-shaped grille design. The air inlet grille serves as the air inlet end, which is convenient for production, manufacturing and assembly. At the same time, it can effectively block rainwater and serves as a mounting bracket for the fan, with a reasonable layout. In order to facilitate assembly, in this embodiment, the inner side of the air inlet grille 6 is provided with a positioning groove 61 that can accommodate the edge of the cooling fan 5 for embedding and positioning. It can realize the rapid positioning and fixing of the cooling fan, ensuring that the fan is installed firmly and operates smoothly, and further optimizing the heat dissipation effect. Specifically, the machine body is provided with a horizontal support plate 12 as the overall frame. The support plate 12 has multiple mounting holes for precise docking of various components. Two air intake grilles 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front end of the support plate. The inner wall (opposite surface) of the air intake grille is provided with a positioning groove 61, which can accommodate the edge of the cooling fan. The two positioning grooves 61 form an installation area with an upper opening. During assembly, the cooling fan can be inserted into the installation area from top to bottom and then fixed with bolts. The lower end of the air intake grille 6 is provided with a connecting part 62. There are two connecting parts, which are located on both sides of the positioning groove. The connecting part 62 is provided with a connecting hole for fixing to the support plate 12 with screws.

[0052] To improve intake efficiency and volume, the outer wall of the intake grille 6 is inclined in the direction of travel. The inclined design of the grille 6 effectively reduces wind resistance, while improving intake efficiency and volume, ensuring that the cooling fan 5 draws in more cold air and improves the cooling effect.

[0053] To improve cooling efficiency and internal airflow, the air outlets 10b are located on both sides of the fuselage, facing rearward, to ensure smooth airflow, prevent heat accumulation, improve overall heat dissipation efficiency, and ensure the stability and safety of the aircraft during long-term high-intensity operation. In this embodiment, guide surfaces with a narrow front end and a wide rear end are provided on both sides of the tail of the first shell. The air outlets 10b are located at the front end of the guide surfaces. Utilizing aerodynamic principles, a certain negative pressure zone is generated at the end of the UAV, accelerating the discharge of hot air, further optimizing the heat dissipation effect, and improving the internal cooling effect.

[0054] In this application, the image transmission module 72, flight control module 73, and electronic speed controller module 74 of the racing drone are also located in the cooling air duct 10, which realizes a reasonable layout of the internal modules and enables rapid heat dissipation, ensuring that each module can still work stably under high load.

[0055] The improvements in this application mainly include the light-emitting part and the heat dissipation part;

[0056] The light-emitting components: The high-brightness LED light panels consist of two rows of 24 front-emitting 5050 high-brightness LEDs in the center and two rows of 24 side-emitting 4020 high-brightness LEDs on the edges. Each LED panel can achieve a beam angle of over 270 degrees. The power of a single LED panel ranges from 10 to 30W. The entire aircraft has nine such LED panels, positioned above and below the four fuselage arms and on the upper fuselage back. This design allows for a large area of ​​high-brightness light emission from all 360 degrees. Inside the translucent outer shell, the LED light areas are arranged with pyramidal-shaped refractive prisms. The light from the LEDs is refracted through these densely packed lenses, creating a dazzling, diamond-like luminous effect.

[0057] Heat dissipation: A special air-cooling system consists of specially designed air intake grilles and fans fixed within the fuselage. The air intake grilles serve two purposes: 1. They block rainwater, allowing only air to pass through; 2. The two air intake grilles also act as mounting brackets for the fans, securing them within the fuselage. This effectively cools the heat generated by the high-power LED driver, ensuring the stable operation of the racing drone's high-brightness lighting system. The airflow also carries away heat generated by the image transmission module, flight control module, and ESC module. The finned grille design of the air intakes is specifically designed for rainy conditions, effectively preventing rainwater from entering the fuselage. Vents are located on the rear fuselage to ensure smooth airflow and efficient cooling.

[0058] This utility model of a racing drone features meticulous optimization of its light-emitting and heat-dissipating components, enhancing overall performance. The combination of high brightness and wide-angle illumination from the LED light panel ensures clear visibility during nighttime flight; a special air-cooling system effectively dissipates heat, ensuring stable operation of all modules. Especially in rainy races, the rainproof air intake grille design demonstrates its unique advantage, ensuring the drone continues to perform excellently in complex environments.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A racing drone, characterized in that, include: The fuselage, as the main body, is equipped with multiple arms, and the ends of the arms are equipped with propellers; A light source is disposed at the upper and / or lower ends of the machine body and the upper and / or lower ends of the machine arm. The light source is an LED light panel, and the LED light panel is provided with LED beads. The LED beads include a first LED bead and a second LED bead. The first LED bead and the second LED bead are both arranged along the length direction of the LED light panel. The first LED bead is arranged in one or more rows and emits light from the front. The second LED bead is arranged in two rows and is disposed at the edge of the LED light panel and emits light from the side. A housing is disposed outside the fuselage and the arm, the housing being made of a light-transmitting material and allowing light from a light source to pass through; The housing includes a first housing disposed outside the main body and a second housing disposed outside the arm. A mounting cavity is formed inside the first housing. An air inlet and a cooling fan are provided at the front end of the mounting cavity, and an air outlet is provided at the rear end of the mounting cavity. A cooling air duct is formed between the air inlet and the air outlet. The driver of the LED light board is disposed in the cooling air duct. The rear of the first housing is provided with guide surfaces that are narrow at the front end and wide at the rear end on both sides. The air outlet is located at the front end of the guide surfaces.

2. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The LED light panel is a high-brightness LED light panel.

3. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The light-emitting angle of the LED light panel is greater than or equal to 180 degrees.

4. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The first LED bead is a 5050 high-brightness LED bead, and the second LED bead is a 4020 high-brightness LED bead.

5. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The power of a single LED light panel is 10W-30W.

6. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the housing is provided with several conical protrusions to form a lens refraction surface, and the light emission direction of the LED light panel is towards the lens refraction surface.

7. The racing drone of claim 1, wherein: The LED light panel includes a first LED light panel disposed on the upper surface of the machine body, a second LED light panel I disposed on the upper surface of the machine arm, and a second LED light panel II disposed on the lower surface of the machine arm.

8. The racing drone as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting cavity has air inlet windows on both sides of its front end, and air inlet grilles are provided on the air inlet windows. The air inlet holes are located on the air inlet grilles and their air inlet ends are inclined downwards. The cooling fan is located between the air inlet grilles on both sides.

9. The racing drone of claim 8, wherein: The inner side of the air intake grille is provided with a positioning groove that allows the edge of the cooling fan to be embedded and positioned.

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