A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting

Abstract

This utility model discloses a waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting, relating to the field of waste heat boiler technology. The waste heat boiler includes an ascending flue, a descending flue, a convection chamber, and an ash hopper. The convection chamber is equipped with a slag-condensing tube screen and a heat exchange tube screen. Its innovation lies in the concave arc-shaped guide plate at the connection between the descending flue and the convection chamber, which uniformly guides the flue gas into the convection chamber, ensuring sufficient contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange zone. The ash hopper is equipped with a cylindrical baffle composed of circular tubes of a specific diameter and spacing, which reduces the flue gas velocity. The guide plate's length is 60%-75% of the convection chamber length, and its height is 20%-35% of the convection chamber height, located at 2 / 3 of the convection chamber's height. This design effectively solves the problems of uneven flue gas flow field, severe wear of heat exchange tubes, and difficulty in particle separation in traditional waste heat boilers, improving the efficiency of high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery, reducing particle erosion and wear on heat exchange tubes, promoting particle separation, and alleviating environmental treatment pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste heat boiler technology, specifically a waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with rapid economic development and the advancement of the "dual carbon" target, the demand for non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, tin, and lead has continued to increase. Pyrometallurgical processes are widely used due to their mature technology and high efficiency; however, the large amount of high-temperature flue gas (800~1300℃) generated during the smelting process accounts for 30%~40% of the total energy consumption and carries large amounts of pollutants such as SO2 and heavy metal dust particles. Traditional waste heat boilers typically have a heat recovery efficiency of only 50%~60%, resulting in a large amount of underutilized high-temperature heat being discharged into the environment with the flue gas, leading to serious energy waste and exacerbating environmental pollution.

[0003] The convective heat exchange tube bundles inside waste heat boilers are typically subjected to high-speed impacts and erosion from a large number of particles entrained in high-temperature flue gas, leading to severe wear of the heat exchange tubes and affecting the safe operation and service life of the boiler. Simultaneously, due to the uneven distribution of the flue gas flow field, some flue gas cannot effectively contact the heat exchange tube bundle, reducing the overall heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, traditional structures lack effective particle settling and flow guidance measures, making particle separation difficult and exacerbating the erosion and wear of the heat exchange elements. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective internal flow guidance structure for boilers to improve the recovery efficiency of high-temperature flue gas waste heat and reduce the impact of particle erosion on heat exchange equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, a waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting is provided.

[0005] The specific solution of this utility model is as follows: a waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting, comprising: an ascending flue, a descending flue connected to one side of the ascending flue, a convection chamber at the bottom of the descending flue, an ash hopper at the bottom of the convection chamber, a slag condensation tube screen and several heat exchange tube screens arranged sequentially in the convection chamber, a guide plate at the connection between the descending flue and the convection chamber, the guide plate being used to guide the flue gas flow so that the flue gas is in uniform contact with the heat exchange zone in the convection chamber; a cylindrical baffle corresponding to the heat exchange tube screen is provided in the ash hopper, the cylindrical baffle being used to reduce the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper area, the cylindrical baffle comprising: several parallel circular tubes, the bottom of the circular tubes being fixedly connected to the ash hopper, and the upper end of the circular tubes extending to the bottom of the corresponding heat exchange tube screen.

[0006] Furthermore, the diameter of the circular tube is 100-200 mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the spacing between the round tubes is 200-300 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the guide plate is a concave arc plate, which is used to uniformly guide the descending flue gas to the convection chamber. The length of the guide plate is 60%-75% of the length of the convection chamber, and the height of the guide plate is 20%-35% of the height of the convection chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide plate is located at 2 / 3 of the height of the convection chamber.

[0010] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. Improve waste heat recovery efficiency: A guide plate is installed at the connection between the descending flue and the convection chamber. The guide plate is a concave arc plate with a length of 60%-75% of the length of the convection chamber and a height of 20%-35% of the height of the convection chamber, located at 2 / 3 of the height of the convection chamber. This structure can evenly guide the descending flue gas to the convection chamber, so that the flue gas can make uniform contact with the heat exchange zone in the convection chamber. This effectively solves the problem that some flue gas cannot effectively contact the heat exchange tube bundle due to uneven distribution of flue gas flow field, avoids heat waste, and thus improves the waste heat recovery efficiency of high-temperature flue gas. It makes full use of the heat carried by high-temperature flue gas in the smelting process and reduces the proportion of unused heat in the total energy consumption of the process.

[0012] 2. Reduced Particle Erosion and Wear: A cylindrical baffle corresponding to the heat exchange tube panel is installed inside the ash hopper. This baffle consists of several parallel circular tubes with a diameter of 100-200 mm and a spacing of 200-300 mm. The bottom of each tube is fixedly connected to the ash hopper, and the upper end extends to the bottom of the corresponding heat exchange tube panel. This cylindrical baffle reduces the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper area, slowing down the movement of the large number of particles entrained in the high-temperature flue gas. This reduces the high-speed impact and erosion of the heat exchange tube panel by the particles, decreasing the wear on the heat exchange tubes, ensuring the safe operation of the boiler, and extending the service life of the heat exchange equipment.

[0013] 3. Promotes Particle Separation: The design of the guide vanes and cylindrical baffles forms an effective measure for particle settling and flow guidance. The guide vanes change the direction of flue gas flow, causing particles to separate from the flue gas under inertia; the cylindrical baffles reduce the flue gas velocity, further promoting particle settling, reducing particle suspension in the convection chamber and erosion of heat exchange elements, making particle separation easier, reducing the pressure on subsequent dust removal and other environmental protection treatments, which helps to reduce environmental pollution and meets the environmental protection requirements under the "dual carbon" target. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged AA cross-sectional view;

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Rising flue; 2. Falling flue; 3. Convection chamber; 4. Ash hopper; 5. Baffle plate; 6. Slag condensation tube panel; 7. Heat exchanger tube panel; 8. Cylindrical baffle; 801. Circular tube. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Please refer to Figures 1-2 A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting includes: an ascending flue 1, a descending flue 2 connected to one side of the ascending flue 1, a convection chamber 3 at the bottom of the descending flue 2, an ash hopper 4 at the bottom of the convection chamber 3, a slag-condensing tube screen 6 and several heat exchange tube screens 7 arranged sequentially in the convection chamber 3, a guide plate 5 at the connection between the descending flue 2 and the convection chamber 3, the guide plate 5 being used to guide the flue gas flow so that the flue gas is in uniform contact with the heat exchange zone in the convection chamber 3; a cylindrical baffle 8 corresponding to the heat exchange tube screen 7 is provided in the ash hopper 4, the cylindrical baffle 8 being used to reduce the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper 4 area, the cylindrical baffle 8 including: several parallel arranged circular tubes 801, the bottom of the circular tubes 801 being fixedly connected to the ash hopper 4, and the upper end of the circular tubes 801 extending to the bottom of the corresponding heat exchange tube screen 7.

[0018] In this embodiment, the diameter of the circular tube 801 is 100-200 mm.

[0019] In this embodiment, the spacing between the circular tubes 801 is 200-300 mm.

[0020] In this embodiment, the guide plate 5 is a concave arc plate. The guide plate 5 is used to uniformly guide the descending flue gas to the convection chamber 3. The length of the guide plate 5 is 60%-75% of the length of the convection chamber 3, and the height of the guide plate 5 is 20%-35% of the height of the convection chamber 3.

[0021] In this embodiment, the guide plate 5 is located at the height of 32 / 3 of the convection chamber.

[0022] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Improve waste heat recovery efficiency: A guide plate 5 is installed at the connection between the descending flue 2 and the convection chamber 3. It is a concave arc plate with a length of 60%-75% of the length of the convection chamber 3 and a height of 20%-35% of the height of the convection chamber 3. It is located at 2 / 3 of the height of the convection chamber 3. This structure can guide the descending flue gas evenly to the convection chamber 3, so that the flue gas can make uniform contact with the heat exchange zone in the convection chamber 3. This effectively solves the problem that some flue gas cannot effectively contact the heat exchange tube bundle due to uneven distribution of flue gas flow field, avoids heat waste, and thus improves the waste heat recovery efficiency of high-temperature flue gas. It makes full use of the heat carried by the high-temperature flue gas in the smelting process and reduces the proportion of unused heat in the total energy consumption of the process.

[0024] 2. Reduced Particle Erosion and Wear: A cylindrical baffle 8 corresponding to the heat exchange tube panel 7 is installed inside the ash hopper 4. This baffle consists of several parallel circular tubes 801 with a diameter of 100-200 mm and a spacing of 200-300 mm. The bottom of each tube 801 is fixedly connected to the ash hopper 4, and its upper end extends to the bottom of the corresponding heat exchange tube panel 7. This cylindrical baffle 8 reduces the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper 4 area, slowing down the movement of a large number of particles entrained in the high-temperature flue gas within the ash hopper 4 area. This reduces the high-speed impact and erosion of the particles on the heat exchange tube panel 7, lowers the wear on the heat exchange tubes, ensures the safe operation of the boiler, and extends the service life of the heat exchange equipment.

[0025] 3. Promotes Particle Separation: The design of the guide plate 5 and the cylindrical baffle 8 forms an effective particle settling and flow guidance measure. The guide plate 5 changes the direction of flue gas flow, causing particles to separate from the flue gas under inertia; the cylindrical baffle 8 reduces the flue gas velocity, further promoting particle settling, reducing particle suspension in the convection chamber 3 and erosion of heat exchange elements, making particle separation easier, reducing the pressure of subsequent dust removal and other environmental protection treatments, which is conducive to reducing environmental pollution and meets the environmental protection requirements under the "dual carbon" target.

Claims

1. A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous smelting, comprising: An ascending flue is provided, with a descending flue connected to it on one side. A convection chamber is located at the bottom of the descending flue, and an ash hopper is located at the bottom of the convection chamber. A slag-condensing tube panel and several heat exchange tube panels are sequentially arranged within the convection chamber. The descending flue and the convection chamber are connected by a guide plate, which guides the flue gas flow to ensure uniform contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange zone within the convection chamber. The ash hopper contains cylindrical baffles corresponding to the heat exchange tube panels, which reduce the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper area. Each cylindrical baffle includes several parallel circular tubes, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the ash hopper, and the upper end of which extends to the bottom of the corresponding heat exchange tube panel.

2. A waste heat boiler for smelting of non-ferrous metals according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the circular tube is 100-200 mm.

3. A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the round tubes is 200-300 mm.

4. A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate is a concave arc plate, which is used to uniformly guide the descending flue gas to the convection chamber. The length of the guide plate is 60%-75% of the length of the convection chamber, and the height of the guide plate is 20%-35% of the height of the convection chamber.

5. A waste heat boiler for non-ferrous metal smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate is located at 2 / 3 of the height of the convection chamber.

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