A device for testing vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover

Abstract

This utility model discloses a device for testing the vertical load-bearing capacity of ice sheets, relating to the field of ice sheet mechanical performance testing technology. The device includes: a front support assembly as the main support point; a loading beam suspended within the front support assembly by a sling assembly; a rear support assembly as an auxiliary support point; a counterweight assembly suspended at the other end of the loading beam; a wire displacement sensor placed between the bottom of one end of the cross brace and the top surface of the loading beam; a water tank located between the front and rear support assemblies and below the loading beam, with an ice sheet of a certain thickness frozen on the water surface within the tank; a pressure sensor placed at the bottom of the loading beam to measure the vertical pressure on the ice sheet in real time; a ball joint fixed to the bottom of the pressure sensor; and a pad placed on the surface of the ice sheet directly below the ball joint. This device has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is easy to install and disassemble. It can be used both in laboratories and in outdoor fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ice sheet mechanical performance testing technology, specifically to an ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device. Background Technology

[0002] Located on the eastern side of the Eurasian continent, most of my country lies in the North Temperate Zone. Influenced by factors such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, over three-quarters of the country experiences freezing conditions. In winter, ice sheets are widely used in production, daily life, and recreation in cold regions, providing significant convenience. However, due to the substantial differences in the mechanical properties of ice under varying environmental conditions, accurately defining its ultimate bearing capacity remains challenging, leading to frequent related accidents. Therefore, research on the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets has significant engineering and safety implications.

[0003] Currently, ice sheet vertical bearing capacity tests mainly employ the direct loading method, which involves applying loads by placing heavy objects directly on the ice sheet surface. However, this method has the following significant drawbacks:

[0004] 1. Low measurement accuracy: It is difficult to integrate displacement and pressure sensors, making it impossible to monitor the load-displacement relationship during the loading process in real time, which affects the accuracy of the data.

[0005] 2. High safety risks: When the ice sheet reaches its ultimate load-bearing capacity, it is prone to brittle fracture, which can cause heavy objects to fall suddenly, threatening the safety of experimental personnel and damaging equipment.

[0006] 3. Significant impact interference: The instantaneous impact load generated when heavy objects are placed can interfere with the true mechanical response of the ice sheet, reducing the reliability of experimental results. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets, so as to solve the problems of difficulty in measuring the center displacement of ice sheets, inconvenience in loading and unloading, and poor test safety in the existing technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets, comprising:

[0009] The front support assembly bears the main vertical load during the test and serves as the main support point;

[0010] The loading beam is suspended within the front support assembly via a lifting assembly, serving as a core force transmission component.

[0011] The rear support assembly is connected to one end of the loading crossbeam and serves as an auxiliary support point;

[0012] The counterweight assembly is suspended at the other end of the loading beam to achieve quantitative adjustment of the test load;

[0013] A wire displacement sensor is placed between the bottom of one end of the cross brace and the top surface of the loading beam to measure the vertical displacement change of the ice sheet during the loading process in real time. The other end of the cross brace is fixed to the top of the rear support assembly.

[0014] A water tank, located between the front support assembly and the rear support assembly and below the loading crossbeam, has an ice cap of a certain thickness frozen on the water surface inside the tank.

[0015] A pressure sensor, placed at the bottom of the loading beam, measures the vertical pressure on the ice sheet in real time.

[0016] A ball joint, fixed to the bottom of the pressure sensor, is used to transmit load;

[0017] A pad is placed on the ice sheet surface and directly below the clubhead to evenly transfer the concentrated load of the clubhead to the ice sheet surface.

[0018] In one embodiment, the top of the wire displacement sensor is connected to the cross brace by bolts, and the bottom is attached to the loading beam by a magnetic connector.

[0019] In one embodiment, the front support assembly includes:

[0020] The first column comprises symmetrically arranged first steel plates;

[0021] The first base plate, the bottom of the first steel plate is welded to the first base plate;

[0022] The first connecting plate connects the first steel plates into a whole.

[0023] In one embodiment, the rear support assembly includes

[0024] The second column includes symmetrically arranged second steel plates;

[0025] The second base plate is welded to the bottom of the second steel plate.

[0026] The second connecting plate connects the two steel plates into a whole.

[0027] The hinge shaft connects the loading beam to the second column;

[0028] The counterweight is placed on the second base plate.

[0029] In one embodiment, the lifting assembly includes:

[0030] The winch is fixed to the side wall of the first column;

[0031] The gusset plate, consisting of symmetrically arranged steel plates, is welded to the top of the first column;

[0032] The bearing is fixed between the connecting plates;

[0033] The steel wire rope is wound around the winch and extends into the first column after passing around the bearing;

[0034] The spring is located inside the first column and is connected to the wire rope.

[0035] The hook, connected to the spring, passes through the loading beam and is secured with a nut.

[0036] In one embodiment, the counterweight component includes:

[0037] Anchor bolts are connected to the loading beam via anchor rings;

[0038] The upper end of the boom is connected to the lower end of the anchor rod;

[0039] The pallet has its edge connected to the lower end of the boom;

[0040] The counterweight is placed on the pallet.

[0041] In one embodiment, the second column is provided with adjustment holes of different heights, and the loading beam is connected to the adjustment holes via a hinge to facilitate adjustment of the height between the loading beam and the ice sheet.

[0042] In one embodiment, the centers of the displacement sensor, pressure sensor, and pad are on the same vertical line.

[0043] In one embodiment, the distance between the counterweight assembly and the hinge pin is greater than the distance between the ball joint and the hinge pin.

[0044] In one embodiment, a rotating winch drives a steel wire rope to lift and lower the loading beam, thereby achieving a gradual and continuous loading of the ice sheet.

[0045] The advantages of the above technical solution adopted in this utility model compared with the prior art are:

[0046] (1) This application utilizes the lever principle to change the loading method of the ice sheet from direct loading of the weight to indirect loading of the loading beam. This not only makes the weight of the counterweight block much smaller than the weight required for direct loading, but also avoids the sudden fall of the weight into the water after the ice sheet is damaged, which would affect the safety of the equipment and the efficiency of the test.

[0047] (2) This application uses the rotation of the winch to drive the steel wire rope to lift and lower the loading beam, which can realize the gradual and continuous loading of the ice sheet, avoiding the discontinuity and impact of heavy loading; at the same time, by controlling the speed of the winch, different rates required for loading the ice sheet can be achieved.

[0048] (3) This application uses the elastic deformation of the spring as a buffer, which can avoid the loading impact caused by uneven winch speed, avoid the impact damage to the entire test device caused by the sudden failure of the ice cover, and obtain the actual measurement results of the instantaneous failure process of the ice cover.

[0049] (4) This application loads the ice sheet by loading the crossbeam, which makes it easy to install pressure sensors and displacement sensors, and can directly and accurately measure the load and deformation of the ice sheet at the loading position, effectively solving the problem of inconvenience in measuring load and deformation during the direct loading of heavy objects.

[0050] (5) The device has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is easy to install and disassemble. It can be used in the laboratory or in the field outdoors. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front of the ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left side of the ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right side of the ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the plan view of the ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device.

[0055] The numbers in the diagram are explained as follows: 1. Loading beam; 201. First column; 202. First base plate; 203. First connecting plate; 301. Second column; 302. Second base plate; 303. Second connecting plate; 304. Hinge shaft; 305. Counterweight block; 401. Spring; 402. Winch; 403. Wire rope; 404. Hook; 405. Nut; 406. Bearing; 407. Draping plate; 501. Support plate; 502. Lifting rod; 503. Anchor rod; 504. Anchor ring; 505. Counterweight block; 6. Cross brace; 7. Water tank; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Displacement sensor; 10. Ball joint rod; 11. Pad block; 12. Ice cap. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0057] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0058] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0060] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Please see Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a device for testing the vertical load-bearing capacity of an ice sheet, including: a front support assembly, a loading beam 1, a rear support assembly, a suspension assembly, a counterweight assembly, a cross brace 6, a water tank 7, a pressure sensor 8, a wire displacement sensor 9, a ball joint rod 10, and a pad 11. The front support assembly serves as the main support point, bearing the main vertical load, while the rear support assembly serves as an auxiliary support point, maintaining system balance; both are placed on the ground. The loading beam 1 is suspended within the front support assembly via the suspension assembly, forming a lever force transmission mechanism to effectively transfer the load.

[0063] In this embodiment, the front support assembly includes a first column 201: a first steel plate symmetrically arranged; a first base plate 202: the bottom of the first steel plate is welded to the first base plate; and a first connecting plate 203: connecting the two first steel plates to form an integral whole. This structural design ensures the stability of the support when subjected to the maximum test load.

[0064] The rear support assembly includes a second column 301: symmetrically arranged second steel plates with adjustment holes for precise adjustment of the loading height; a second base plate 302: the bottom of the second steel plate is welded to the second base plate; a second connecting plate 303: connecting the two second steel plates to form a whole, thereby improving the overall rigidity of the column; a hinge shaft 304: connecting the loading beam and the second column, coated with lubricating oil to allow the loading beam 1 to rotate freely; and a counterweight block 305: placed on the second base plate.

[0065] The hoisting assembly includes a winch 402: a hand-cranked worm gear structure fixed to the side wall of the first column; gusset plates 407: symmetrical steel plates welded to the top of the first column; bearings 406: pulley bearings fixed between the gusset plates; wire rope 403: wound around the winch and passing over the bearing; spring 401: connecting the wire rope, required to be vertical, its stiffness and length determined according to the weight of the loading beam 1 and the counterweight 505, and a spring with greater deformation is selected while meeting the installation space requirements; and hook 404: connecting the spring and fixed to the loading beam by nuts 405.

[0066] The counterweight assembly includes anchor rods 503 connected to the loading beam via anchor rings 504; suspenders 502, symmetrically arranged, with their upper ends connected to the lower ends of the anchor rods; a support plate 501, with its edge connected to the lower end of the suspenders; and counterweight blocks 505 placed on the support plate, comprising several prefabricated blocks, the weight of each block being set as needed for easy combination and configuration; the overall weight of the counterweight blocks should be determined according to the stress requirements to ensure that the second base plate 302 does not detach from the ground during the test.

[0067] The top of the wire displacement sensor is connected to the cross brace bracket by bolts, and the bottom is attached to the loading beam by a magnetic connector. The cross brace bracket is fixed to the top of the rear support assembly. The pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the loading beam and connected to the ball joint rod.

[0068] The water tank 7 is placed on the ground and has a 304 stainless steel welded body. It is located between the front and rear support components and contains water that has frozen to form an ice cover. The pad block 11 is placed on the surface of the ice cover and is located directly below the ball head rod. The two work together to achieve high load transfer efficiency.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment provides a device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets, and its working method is as follows:

[0071] First, water is poured into water tank 7, with the water level about 100mm from the top of water tank 7. Then, the water surface is frozen to a specified thickness at a constant temperature to form an ice cover 12.

[0072] Before loading the ice sheet 12, place the pad 11 at the center of the ice sheet 12, and place a weighted counterweight 305 on top of the second base plate 302 to prevent the second base plate 302 from detaching from the ground during the test. Simultaneously, slowly and uniformly rotate the winch 402, keeping the spring 401 in an extended state, until the loading beam 1 is in a horizontal position and the ball joint 10 just contacts the upper surface of the pad 11. Stop rotating the winch 402 and balance the readings of the displacement sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 8. If the ball joint 10 is still not in contact with the upper surface of the pad 11 when the loading beam 1 is in a horizontal position, the loading beam can be connected to other adjustment holes on the second column 301 to change the height of the loading beam 1 from the ice sheet 12 during the test.

[0073] After preparation, the loading beam 1 is lowered by rotating the winch 402 and driving the wire rope 403 to gradually and continuously load the ice cover 12, avoiding the discontinuity and impact of heavy loading. Simultaneously, the different loading rates required for the ice cover 12 are achieved by controlling the rotation speed of the winch 402. The elastic deformation of the spring 401 acts as a buffer, avoiding loading impacts caused by uneven winch rotation and preventing sudden damage to the entire test apparatus from the ice cover 12. It also allows for the acquisition of measured results of the instantaneous failure process of the ice cover 12, until the ice cover 12 reaches its ultimate bearing capacity and stops rotating. The distance between the counterweight component 5 and the hinge shaft 304 is much greater than the distance between the ball joint 10 and the hinge shaft 304. Through the lever principle, the loading method of the ice cover 12 is changed from direct heavy loading to indirect loading by the loading beam 1. This not only makes the weight of the counterweight 505 much less than the weight required for direct loading but also prevents the heavy object from suddenly falling into the water after the ice cover 12 fails, thus avoiding impacts on equipment safety and test efficiency. Furthermore, by loading the ice sheet 12 with the crossbeam 1, pressure sensor 8 and displacement sensor 9 can be easily installed. While rotating the winch 402, the load data of pressure sensor 8 and the deformation data of displacement sensor 9 are recorded, which can accurately obtain the full load-displacement curve of the loading point of the ice sheet 12, effectively solving the problem of inconvenience in measuring load and deformation during direct loading of heavy objects.

[0074] By changing the ambient temperature and freezing time of the water tank 7, ice sheets 12 of different thicknesses can be obtained. This allows for the investigation of the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets 12 at different temperatures and thicknesses. The experimental device has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is easy to install and disassemble. It can be used in the laboratory or in the field outdoors, thus truly reflecting the actual situation of the vertical bearing capacity of ice sheets in cold regions.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An ice cover vertical load bearing capacity testing device, characterized by, include: The front support assembly bears the vertical load during the testing process; The loading beam is suspended within the front support assembly via a lifting assembly; The rear support assembly is connected to one end of the loading crossbeam; The counterweight assembly is suspended at the other end of the loading beam to achieve quantitative adjustment of the test load; A wire displacement sensor is placed between the bottom of one end of the cross brace and the top surface of the loading beam to measure the vertical displacement change of the ice sheet during the loading process in real time. The other end of the cross brace is fixed to the top of the rear support assembly. A water tank, located between the front support assembly and the rear support assembly and below the loading crossbeam, has an ice cap frozen on the water surface inside the tank; A pressure sensor, placed at the bottom of the loading beam, measures the vertical pressure on the ice sheet in real time. A ball joint, fixed to the bottom of the pressure sensor, is used to transmit load; A pad is placed on the ice sheet surface and directly below the clubhead to evenly transfer the concentrated load of the clubhead to the ice sheet surface.

2. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the wire displacement sensor is connected to the cross brace bracket by bolts, and the bottom is attached to the loading beam by magnetic connectors.

3. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front support assembly includes: The first column comprises symmetrically arranged first steel plates; The first base plate, the bottom of the first steel plate is welded to the first base plate; The first connecting plate connects the first steel plates into a whole.

4. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear support assembly includes The second column includes symmetrically arranged second steel plates; The second base plate is welded to the bottom of the second steel plate. The second connecting plate connects the two steel plates into a whole. The hinge shaft connects the loading beam to the second column; The counterweight is placed on the second base plate.

5. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes: The winch is fixed to the side wall of the first column; The gusset plate, consisting of symmetrically arranged steel plates, is welded to the top of the first column; The bearing is fixed between the connecting plates; The steel wire rope is wound around the winch and extends into the first column after passing around the bearing; The spring is located inside the first column and is connected to the wire rope. The hook, connected to the spring, passes through the loading beam and is secured with a nut.

6. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight assembly includes: Anchor bolts are connected to the loading beam via anchor rings; The upper end of the boom is connected to the lower end of the anchor rod; The pallet has its edge connected to the lower end of the boom; The counterweight is placed on the pallet.

7. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second column is equipped with adjustment holes of different heights, and the loading beam is connected to the adjustment holes through a hinge to facilitate the adjustment of the height between the loading beam and the ice sheet.

8. The ice sheet vertical bearing capacity testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centers of the displacement sensor, pressure sensor, and pad are on the same vertical line.

9. The device for testing the vertical bearing capacity of an ice cover according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the counterweight assembly and the hinge pin is greater than the distance between the ball joint and the hinge pin.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the vertical load bearing capacity of the ice cover. By rotating a winch to lift and lower a steel wire rope loading beam, the ice sheet can be continuously loaded with gradually varying loads.

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