A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems

Abstract

This invention provides a space electric field detection device based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), belonging to the technical field of space electric field detection devices. To address the technical problems of current sounding instruments easily accumulating charge, the transmitting antenna easily distorting and amplifying the actual electric field, and large monitoring data errors in thunderstorm environments, the following technical solution is adopted: a microcontroller, a positioning module, and a wireless communication module are arranged on one side inside a foam shell; an electric field detection module is arranged on the other side inside the foam shell, and the electric field detection module contains MEMS electric field devices and attitude detection devices; a temperature, pressure, and humidity sensitive device is arranged on the top of the foam shell via a temperature and humidity support, and the temperature, pressure, and humidity sensitive device contains a thermistor, a digital silicon piezoresistive resistor, and a humidity-sensitive capacitor; antennas extend from the positioning module and the wireless communication module outwards from the foam shell; a power supply module is also arranged inside the foam shell; this invention is applied to space electric field detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides a space electric field detection device based on a microelectromechanical system, belonging to the technical field of space electric field detection devices. Background Technology

[0002] Cosmic rays are the source of atmospheric ionization and neutron radiation around 20 km from Earth. Solar storms interact with Earth's magnetosphere, compressing it and modulating cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. This leads to changes in space radiation and atmospheric electric fields. Monitoring changes in atmospheric electric fields at different altitudes on the Earth's surface and in space is crucial for revealing the relationship between solar activity, space weather, and climate change in the near space and beyond, providing important data support for lightning warnings, meteorological observations, and scientific research.

[0003] Currently, electric field radiosondes are mainly used to monitor changes in the atmospheric electric field. These radiosondes employ remote sensing technology and have a range of approximately 20 km. Sphere-borne electric field radiosondes often use a double-sphere electric probe, launched from the ground to conduct high-altitude sounding and obtain meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure. However, current electric field radiosondes, with their insulated casings, are prone to accumulating static charge (due to friction), which interferes with electric field measurements. Furthermore, because the signal transmitting unit and electric field devices are positioned close together inside the radiosonde, the pointed structures such as the transmitting antenna can easily distort and amplify the actual electric field. In addition, when operating in thunderstorms, the radiosondes lack waterproofing, lightning protection, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements, resulting in poor environmental adaptability and large errors in the monitored atmospheric electric field data. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems is provided, including a foam shell, a microcontroller, a positioning module and a wireless communication module are arranged on one side inside the foam shell, and an electric field detection module is arranged on the other side inside the foam shell. The electric field detection module is equipped with MEMS electric field devices and attitude detection devices.

[0005] The top of the foam shell is equipped with a temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device via a temperature and humidity support. The temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device contains a thermistor, a digital silicon piezoresistive resistor and a humidity-sensitive capacitor.

[0006] Both the positioning module and the wireless communication module have antennas extending outward from the foam shell.

[0007] A power module is also installed inside the foam shell;

[0008] The microcontroller is connected to the positioning module, wireless communication module, MEMS electric field device, attitude detection device, thermistor, digital silicon piezoresistive, and humidity-sensitive capacitor via wires.

[0009] The power module is connected to the microcontroller and the electric field detection module via power lines.

[0010] The wireless communication module is wirelessly connected to the host computer via a wireless network.

[0011] The outer surface of the foam shell is also covered with a metal layer.

[0012] The positioning module is specifically a BeiDou positioning module.

[0013] The surfaces of the temperature and humidity support and the thermistor are both treated with nano-insulation and vacuum aluminum plating.

[0014] A rainproof cover is provided on the humidity sensing surface of the humidity-sensitive capacitor.

[0015] The power module is specifically a lithium battery.

[0016] The outer surface of the antenna is also provided with an anti-static protective film.

[0017] The microcontroller is model STM32F411CEU6.

[0018] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: This invention provides a space electric field detection device based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The electric field device in the detection device is specifically an electric field sensitive chip of the MEMS, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low power consumption. This detection device can be carried by a hydrogen balloon or other platform to measure the profiles of temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, and atmospheric electric field formation elements at location points within a range of 45km from the ground. The device mainly adopts a structure that separates the control components and the transmitting chip from the electric field device, so that the transmitting antenna is far away from the electric field device to reduce the influence of electric field amplification effect. At the same time, the outer shell of the device is equipped with a metallization layer to reduce electrostatic interference from friction strips. In addition, considering the application requirements in thunderstorm weather, the structural and circuit design takes into account waterproof, lightning protection, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements, so that it has better environmental adaptability and weak signal detection effect, and reduces measurement error. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the space electric field detection device of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the space electric field detection device of this utility model;

[0022] In the diagram, the numbers represent: 10 for microcontroller, 11 for positioning module, 12 for wireless communication module, 20 for electric field detection module, 21 for MEMS electric field device, 22 for attitude detection device, 30 for temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device, 31 for thermistor, 32 for digital silicon piezoresistive resistor, 33 for humidity sensitive capacitor, 40 for power module, and 50 for host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this utility model provides a space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Based on the structure of existing electric field radiosondes, this device incorporates a MEMS-based ball mill electric field device for electric field detection. It can detect the structural data of the atmospheric electric field from the ground to 45 km, understand the characteristics of the space electric field, especially the relationship between the vertical electric field component and space weather, provide basic data for the scientific observation and research of space environmental characteristics and effects, and conduct environmental assessments for communication, navigation systems, spacecraft, etc., affected by electric fields. Simultaneously, by monitoring temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind data from aerial location points, it can be used for the analysis of deep meteorological detection.

[0024] The space electric field detection device provided by this utility model mainly includes a positioning module, a temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device, a MEMS ball mill electric field device (including an attitude module), a data acquisition and measurement unit, a transmission unit, a power supply and other components. All components are uniformly encapsulated in a foam shell 1 of the space electric field detection device. Specifically, a microcontroller 10, a positioning module 11 and a wireless communication module 12 are arranged on one side inside the foam shell 1, and an electric field detection module 20 is arranged on the other side inside the foam shell 1. The electric field detection module 20 is equipped with a MEMS electric field device 21 and an attitude detection device 22.

[0025] The top of the foam shell 1 is provided with a temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device 30 via a temperature and humidity bracket. The temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device 30 is provided with a thermistor 31, a digital silicon piezoresistive resistor 32 and a humidity-sensitive capacitor 33.

[0026] Both the positioning module 11 and the wireless communication module 12 are provided with antennas extending outward from the foam shell 1;

[0027] A power module 40 is also installed inside the foam shell 1;

[0028] The microcontroller 10 is connected to the positioning module 11, the wireless communication module 12, the MEMS electric field device 21, the attitude detection device 22, the thermistor 31, the digital silicon piezoresistive device 32, and the humidity-sensitive capacitor 33 via wires.

[0029] The power module 40 is connected to the microcontroller 10 and the electric field detection module 20 respectively via power lines;

[0030] The wireless communication module 12 is wirelessly connected to the host computer 50 via a wireless network.

[0031] Specifically, the positioning module adopts the Beidou positioning module, based on the set BDS / GPS dual-mode receiver module, which supports single-system positioning and dual-system joint positioning of GPS and BDS. It has 32 channels of high sensitivity, low power consumption, built-in antenna short-circuit protection function, supports remote upgrade function, and supports A-GPS function.

[0032] The temperature, pressure, and humidity sensing devices employ bead-shaped thermistors, digital integrated silicon piezoresistive sensors, and polymer humidity-sensitive capacitors, respectively. The temperature and humidity support includes the thermistor surface treated with nano-insulation and vacuum aluminizing to reduce the influence of long-wave and short-wave radiation on temperature measurement. Barometric pressure measurement uses temperature compensation based on the barometric pressure source code. The humidity-sensitive capacitor is covered with a rainproof cover to prevent water vapor from adhering to the humidity sensing surface when it enters or leaves the cloud layer or during rainy weather. Humidity measurement is compensated based on temperature.

[0033] The MEMS ball mill electric field device (including attitude module) used in this invention serves as the electric field detection module. Compared with traditional ball mill electric field sensors, it has better stability and higher reliability, and features low power consumption, convenient installation, and easy integration. Its highly reliable airtight, moisture-proof, and heat-insulating structural design can improve the accuracy and long-term stability of electric field detection. Considering that the detection device may swing or rotate at the lower end of the wax rope connecting the balloon during actual release, adding an attitude monitoring device can more accurately measure the vertical electric field strength of the atmosphere in the air.

[0034] The acquisition and measurement unit, as the microcontroller of this utility model, acquires and measures the electrical signals of the sensitive device in real time. When in use, it processes the data by calling the built-in program and mathematical model of the microcontroller, outputting data such as temperature, pressure and humidity. At the same time, it packages the position information data of the positioning module, the comprehensive electric field and attitude data, and sends them to the communication module, which modulates them to the high-frequency part according to the specified protocol.

[0035] The transmitting unit, as a wireless communication module, adopts a P-band transmitting module. The external temperature-compensated crystal oscillator can improve the accuracy of the transmission center frequency and the low-temperature frequency stability. Its antenna adopts ESD anti-static and high-frequency board design, which can effectively avoid signal loss and detection failure caused by strong convective weather or lightning.

[0036] The power supply module can be powered by a primary lithium battery.

[0037] This invention adds a MEMS ball mill electric field component (including an attitude module) to the existing radiosonde. Compared with the dual ball mill electric field sensor, it has the advantages of low power consumption and high integration. The added attitude module can eliminate the influence of the radiosonde's swing or rotation, and more accurately measure the vertical electric field intensity of the atmosphere.

[0038] By applying a metal layer to the foam shell of the device, it can not only keep warm and protect from rain, but also effectively avoid the electromagnetic accumulation effect of the radiosonde's transmitting antenna signal affecting the detection of the actual atmospheric electric field. The device also has an ESD anti-static protective film on the transmitting (antenna) part, which can ensure that the radiosonde signal is normal and avoids lightning strikes during thunderstorms (weather conditions that are more meaningful for atmospheric electric field detection). During use, the microcontroller in the device analyzes and processes the collected data to generate detection data such as temperature, pressure, humidity, electric field profiles, location information profiles and trajectory maps, wind direction and wind speed profiles, etc., and sends them to the host computer for display and storage through the wireless communication module.

[0039] Regarding the specific structure of this utility model, it should be noted that the connection relationships between the various component modules adopted in this utility model are definite and achievable. Unless specifically stated in the embodiments, these specific connection relationships can bring about corresponding technical effects and solve the technical problems proposed by this utility model without relying on the execution of corresponding software programs. The models of the components, modules, and specific parts appearing in this utility model, their interconnection methods, and the conventional usage methods and expected technical effects brought about by the above technical features, unless specifically stated, are all publicly disclosed content in patents, journal articles, technical manuals, technical dictionaries, and textbooks that could be obtained by those skilled in the art before the application date, or belong to conventional technology in the field. The existing technologies, such as common knowledge, need not be elaborated upon, making the technical solution provided in this case clear, complete, and feasible, and enabling the reproduction or acquisition of corresponding physical products based on these technical means. For example, the microcontroller 10 used in this invention is model STM32F411CEU6, the positioning module 11 adopts a Beidou dual-mode positioning module of model ATBGM01, the wireless communication module 12 adopts model SI4432, the MEMS electric field device 21 is model JDC-M03, the attitude detection device 22 is model HIPNUC-CH010, the thermistor 31 is model MF51, the digital silicon piezoresistive resistor 32 is model MS5611, and the humidity-sensitive capacitor 33 is model HC103M2.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems, comprising a foam shell (1), characterized in that: A microcontroller (10), a positioning module (11), and a wireless communication module (12) are provided on one side inside the foam shell (1), and an electric field detection module (20) is provided on the other side inside the foam shell (1). The electric field detection module (20) contains a MEMS electric field device (21) and an attitude detection device (22). The top of the foam shell (1) is provided with a temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device (30) through a temperature and humidity bracket. The temperature, pressure and humidity sensitive device (30) is provided with a thermistor (31), a digital silicon piezoresistive device (32) and a humidity-sensitive capacitor (33). Both the positioning module (11) and the wireless communication module (12) are provided with antennas extending outward from the foam shell (1); A power module (40) is also provided inside the foam shell (1). The microcontroller (10) is connected to the positioning module (11), wireless communication module (12), MEMS electric field device (21), attitude detection device (22), thermistor (31), digital silicon piezoresistive (32), and humidity-sensitive capacitor (33) respectively via wires; The power module (40) is connected to the microcontroller (10) and the electric field detection module (20) respectively via power lines; The wireless communication module (12) is wirelessly connected to the host computer (50) via a wireless network.

2. The space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the foam shell (1) is also covered with a metal layer.

3. The space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning module (11) is specifically a Beidou positioning module.

4. The space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfaces of the temperature and humidity support and the thermistor (31) are both treated with nano-insulation and vacuum aluminum plating.

5. A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rain cover is provided on the humidity sensing surface of the humidity-sensitive capacitor (33).

6. A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module (40) is specifically a lithium battery.

7. A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the antenna is also provided with an anti-static protective film.

8. A space electric field detection device based on microelectromechanical systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller (10) is an STM32F411CEU6.

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