Power management circuit and electronic device

Abstract

This application proposes a power management circuit and electronic device, including a voltage regulation module for regulating the power supply voltage based on the duty cycle of a target PWM signal and outputting the regulated power supply voltage; and a threshold module for configuring a current threshold for overload protection of devices based on the regulated power supply voltage. By controlling the output of target PWM signals with different duty cycles by the control module, the voltage regulation module dynamically adjusts the power supply voltage output by the power module according to the duty cycle of the target PWM signal. This eliminates the limitations of fixed resistor settings, allowing the regulated power supply voltage to be used under different load conditions and operating scenarios. Controlling the duty cycle of the target PWM signal also improves the precision of the voltage regulation module's power supply voltage adjustment, optimizing the efficiency of the power module. Configuring the current threshold based on the regulated power supply voltage gives the current threshold a dynamic adjustment attribute, effectively preventing damage to the power supply and load components of the devices due to overcurrent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of integrated circuit design and application, and in particular to a power management circuit and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In circuit design, the protection threshold of the output current usually depends on the resistance value of the external pull-down resistor. However, once the resistance value is determined, the protection threshold remains fixed, making it difficult to dynamically adjust according to actual needs. This reduces the flexibility of the circuit and makes it difficult to adapt to different operating conditions and load requirements.

[0003] It should be noted that the above introduction to the technical background is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete explanation of the technical solutions of this application and facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art. It should not be assumed that these technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art simply because they have been described in the background section of this application. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, one objective of this application is to provide a power management circuit, comprising: a voltage regulation module, a control module, a power supply module, and a threshold module, wherein:

[0006] The control module is used to output target PWM signals with different duty cycles;

[0007] The power module is used to output power voltage;

[0008] The voltage regulation module has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the voltage regulation module is connected to the control module, the second terminal of the voltage regulation module is connected to the power supply module, and the voltage regulation module is used to adjust the power supply voltage based on the duty cycle of the target PWM signal, and output the adjusted power supply voltage through the third terminal.

[0009] The threshold module is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulation module, and a current threshold for overload protection of the device is configured based on the regulated power supply voltage.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the control module includes: a clock source, a counter, a comparator, a logic manager, and an output buffer, wherein:

[0011] The clock source is used to provide clock signals;

[0012] The counter has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the counter is connected to the clock source and is used to count from 0 under the drive of the clock signal.

[0013] The comparator is connected to the output of the counter and is used to compare the output value of the counter with a preset threshold value. If the output value is less than the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a high level; if the output value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a low level.

[0014] The logic manager has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the logic manager is connected to the comparator, and the control terminal of the logic manager is connected to the control terminal of the counter. The logic manager is used to generate an initial PWM signal based on the result of the comparator, configure the preset threshold value according to the required duty cycle, and generate a reset signal by the control terminal of the logic manager when the output value of the counter reaches the preset maximum value. The counter restarts counting from 0 based on the reset signal.

[0015] The output buffer is connected to the output of the logic manager and is used to amplify the initial PWM signal to generate the target PWM signal.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the power management circuit further includes:

[0017] A temperature compensation module, connected to the control module, is used to calibrate the duty cycle of the target PWM signal according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the voltage regulation module includes: an NMOS transistor, a voltage-regulating capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor, wherein a first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module; the gate of the NMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor, and the source of the NMOS transistor is connected to a reference ground, wherein the NMOS transistor adjusts the on-time ratio based on the duty cycle; a first terminal of the third resistor is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor; the voltage-regulating capacitor is connected between the second terminal of the third resistor and the reference ground; a first terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor, and the first resistor is connected between the second terminal of the second resistor and the reference ground, wherein the second terminal of the second resistor determines the adjustment ratio of the power supply voltage based on the on-time ratio.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the voltage regulation module further includes: a fifth resistor, wherein the fifth resistor is connected between the second end of the second resistor and the power module, and is used to limit the current.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the power management circuit further includes:

[0021] A filter, connected to the second terminal of the second resistor, is used to filter high-frequency ripple and noise in the regulated power supply voltage.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the power management circuit further includes:

[0023] A stability detection module is connected between the second terminal of the second resistor and a reference ground to detect the stability of the regulated power supply voltage.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the threshold module includes: a linear current source and a sixth resistor, wherein the linear current source is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulation module, the sixth resistor is connected to the linear current source, and the linear current source is used to configure the current threshold according to the regulated power supply voltage and the sixth resistor.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the power management circuit of this application, the threshold module includes: a seventh resistor, wherein a first terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to a third terminal of the voltage regulation module, and the current threshold is output from a second terminal of the seventh resistor based on the regulated power supply voltage.

[0026] Another object of this application is to provide an electronic device that includes the power management circuit provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] An electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, the electronic device further includes:

[0028] The DC-DC converter unit has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the DC-DC converter unit is connected to an input voltage, and the control terminal of the DC-DC converter unit is connected to the power management circuit. The DC-DC converter unit performs a preset ratio conversion on the input voltage, outputs the working voltage required by the downstream load through the output terminal of the DC-DC converter unit, and stops converting the input voltage when the output current at the output terminal exceeds the current threshold.

[0029] In this application, a control module outputs target PWM signals with different duty cycles. The voltage regulation module dynamically adjusts the power supply voltage output by the power supply module based on the duty cycle of the target PWM signal. This eliminates the limitations of fixed resistor settings, allowing the regulated power supply voltage to be used under different load conditions and operating scenarios. Controlling the duty cycle of the target PWM signal also improves the precision of the voltage regulation module's power supply voltage adjustment, optimizing the power supply module's efficiency, reducing energy waste, and thus improving the overall performance of the power supply module. The threshold module configures a current threshold based on the regulated power supply voltage, giving the current threshold a dynamic adjustment attribute. This effectively prevents damage to the power supply and load components of the device due to overcurrent, ensuring safe operation of the device under various operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power management circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a voltage regulation module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of another voltage regulation module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of a threshold module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of another threshold module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0042] In electronic circuit design, power management is a crucial aspect, especially in applications involving high power and multiple loads. To protect the safety and reliability of the circuit, output current protection thresholds are widely used to prevent overcurrent and thus avoid damage to sensitive electronic components. In practical applications, the output current protection threshold is usually set by the resistance value of an external pull-down resistor. While this design can meet basic protection requirements to some extent, it also has some significant limitations.

[0043] Furthermore, the basic principle of this design is to use the voltage drop across the resistor to reflect the magnitude of the current flowing through it. When the current exceeds a set threshold, the voltage drop across the resistor triggers a protection mechanism, thereby cutting off the power supply or limiting further increases in current. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and low cost, as it only requires a single resistor element to achieve basic overcurrent protection.

[0044] Furthermore, this design has a limitation: once the resistance value is determined, the protection threshold is also fixed. This means that the circuit's protection current threshold cannot be dynamically adjusted after the design is completed, thus posing a significant disadvantage in environments with large variations in load demand or dynamic changes in operating conditions.

[0045] Furthermore, in some application scenarios, a fixed protection threshold may be too conservative, causing the circuit to trigger the protection mechanism under non-abnormal operating conditions, thereby limiting the performance of the load.

[0046] In practical applications, the operating conditions of circuits are often dynamic. For example, changes in ambient temperature can affect circuit performance and the current requirements of the load. In high-temperature environments, the load may require more current to maintain normal operation, while in low-temperature environments, the current requirement may decrease. If the protection threshold is fixed, the circuit may not be able to adapt to these dynamically changing operating conditions, causing the protection mechanism to trigger or fail at inappropriate times.

[0047] In some applications, the current demand of the load may change over time. For example, in some electronic devices, as the battery power is depleted, the load may require more current to maintain the same performance level. If the protection threshold is fixed, the circuit may not be able to meet this dynamically changing load demand, thus affecting the normal operation of the load.

[0048] In some applications, a fixed current protection threshold can increase the complexity of circuit design. To ensure that the circuit provides sufficient protection under different operating conditions, designers may need to add additional protection mechanisms, such as load detection circuits or power supply peripheral circuits.

[0049] For example, the power supply peripheral circuitry typically requires the addition of an extra microcontroller that communicates with the power supply via SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface, a high-speed, full-duplex, synchronous serial communication protocol) or I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, a synchronous, half-duplex, multi-master, multi-slave serial communication protocol). This not only increases the complexity of the design but may also increase cost and power consumption.

[0050] The power management circuit and electronic device of the present application embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power management circuit according to an embodiment of this application.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the power management circuit 100 of this application embodiment includes: a control module 101, a power module 102, a voltage regulation module 103, and a threshold module 104, wherein:

[0053] Control module 101 outputs target PWM signals (Pulse Width Modulation signals, which transmit analog information by controlling the pulse width) with different duty cycles. Power supply module 102 outputs power supply voltage. Voltage regulation module 103 has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of voltage regulation module 103 is connected to control module 101, the second terminal of voltage regulation module 103 is connected to power supply module 102, and voltage regulation module 103 adjusts the power supply voltage based on the duty cycle of the target PWM signal, and outputs the adjusted power supply voltage through the third terminal of voltage regulation module 103. Threshold module 104 is connected to the third terminal of voltage regulation module 103 and configures a current threshold for overload protection of the device based on the adjusted power supply voltage.

[0054] It should be noted that this device can be a laptop power adapter, which uses a power management circuit to dynamically adjust the current threshold under different operating conditions (such as charging, running, standby, etc.) to prevent damage from overcurrent.

[0055] It should be noted that this device can be a server power supply. The server power supply dynamically adjusts the current threshold according to the server's load conditions (such as high load, low load, maintenance mode) through a power management circuit to ensure the stability and reliability of the server system.

[0056] It should be noted that this device can be an on-board motor control system. This on-board motor control system dynamically adjusts the current threshold by the power management circuit according to the motor's operating state (such as starting, running, and braking) to ensure the stability and reliability of the motor.

[0057] Optionally, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control module provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the control module 101 includes: a clock source 1011, a counter 1012, a comparator 1013, a logic manager 1014, and an output buffer 1015, wherein:

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, clock source 1011 provides a clock signal to synchronize various operations in the power management circuit. This clock signal is a periodic signal, typically a square wave, and its frequency determines the operating speed of the circuit. For example, clock source 1011 can be configured as a crystal oscillator, ceramic resonator, phase-locked loop, etc., and the appropriate configuration should be selected based on the specific application scenario.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, counter 1012 has input, output, and control terminals. The input terminal of counter 1012 is connected to clock source 1011 and is used to count from 0 under the drive of the clock signal. In each clock cycle, the value of counter 1012 increments by 1. The upper limit of counter 1012's count depends on the number of bits in the counter. For example, if counter 1012 is an eight-bit counter, its counting range is from 0 to 255. When counter 1012 reaches its maximum value, an overflow will occur, which may trigger operations such as reset or output signal. The control terminal of counter 1012 can be used for operations such as start, stop, and reset.

[0061] like Figure 2As shown, comparator 1013 is connected to the output of counter 1012 and is used to compare the output value of counter 1012 with a preset threshold value. If the output value is less than the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a high level; if the output value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a low level.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the logic manager 1014 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the logic manager 1014 is connected to the comparator, and the control terminal of the logic manager 1014 is connected to the control terminal of the counter 1012. The logic manager 1014 generates an initial PWM signal based on the result of the comparator and configures a preset threshold value according to the required duty cycle. When the output value of the counter 1012 reaches the preset maximum value, the control terminal of the logic manager 1014 generates a reset signal, and the counter 1012 restarts counting from 0 based on the reset signal.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the output buffer 1015 is connected to the output of the logic manager 1014 and is used to amplify the initial PWM signal to generate the target PWM signal. By amplifying the signal, the output buffer 1015 enhances the driving capability of the target PWM signal, enabling the target PWM signal to drive higher power loads.

[0064] It should be noted that the control module can also be configured using a microcontroller unit (MCU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC, which is an integrated circuit designed and manufactured for specific user requirements and specific systems; in this embodiment, the integrated circuit represents the control module), an intellectual property core (IP core, which is a mature design of a circuit module with independent functions in a chip or integrated circuit design; this circuit design can be applied to other chip or integrated circuit design projects that include the circuit module, thereby reducing the design workload, shortening the design cycle, and improving the success rate of chip or integrated circuit design. IP cores are classified into three levels: behavioral, structural, and physical, thus corresponding to three types of IP cores: soft cores designed with hardware description languages, solid cores that complete structural descriptions, and hard cores based on physical descriptions and verified by the process). The specific configuration methods will not be elaborated here. As long as the target PWM signal with different duty cycles can be output, any configuration method of the control module is applicable and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0065] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the target PWM signal, thereby meeting the needs of specific applications such as achieving precise control and improving stability, this application also provides another power management circuit.

[0066] Optionally, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, the power management circuit 100 also includes a temperature compensation module 105, which is connected to the control module 101 and is used to calibrate the duty cycle of the target PWM signal according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0068] Furthermore, the main function of the temperature compensation module 105 is to monitor changes in ambient temperature in real time and dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the target PWM signal according to a preset temperature-duty cycle mapping table. This adjustment can offset the systematic drift caused by temperature changes. Furthermore, the temperature compensation module 105 feeds back the calibrated duty cycle value to the control module 101, which adjusts the preset threshold value based on the calibrated duty cycle value, thereby improving the accuracy of the target PWM signal.

[0069] As an example, the temperature compensation module 105 typically includes a temperature sensor (such as a thermistor, digital temperature sensor, etc.) for real-time measurement of the ambient temperature. Further, based on the output of the temperature sensor, the temperature compensation module 105 determines the calibrated duty cycle value by consulting a temperature value-duty cycle mapping table. Further, the calibrated duty cycle value is used by the control module 101 to update the target PWM signal, forming a closed-loop control.

[0070] Optionally, Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a voltage regulation module provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0071] like Figure 4As shown, the voltage regulation module 103 includes: an NMOS transistor Q1, a voltage regulator capacitor C1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4. The first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 101. The gate of the NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4, and the source of the NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to a reference ground. The NMOS transistor Q1 adjusts its on-time ratio based on its duty cycle. The first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor Q1. The voltage regulator capacitor C1 is connected between the second terminal of the third resistor R3 and the reference ground. The first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor R3, and the first resistor is connected between the second terminal of the second resistor R2 and the reference ground. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 determines the adjustment ratio of the power supply voltage based on its on-time ratio.

[0072] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on when the target PWM signal has a positive pulse width and turned off when the target PWM signal has a negative pulse width. Furthermore, the on-time ratio of NMOS transistor Q1 can be adjusted according to the duty cycle of the target PWM signal, where the duty cycle = (high-level time / period time) × 100%.

[0073] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, when NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, in the initial stage after NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the power supply voltage charges the voltage regulator capacitor C1 through the second resistor R2. After the voltage regulator capacitor C1 is fully charged, the voltage regulation module 103 reaches a steady state. At this time, the power supply module 102 includes two current branches: one generates current through the first resistor R1, and the other generates current through the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and NMOS transistor Q1. Further, when NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, in the initial stage after NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, the voltage regulator capacitor C1 discharges. After the voltage regulator capacitor C1 is fully discharged, the voltage regulation module 103 reaches a steady state. At this time, the power supply module 102 includes one current branch, which generates current through the first resistor R1.

[0074] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, assuming the output power of power module 102 is constant, when NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, node V Iset The voltage at the second terminal of the second resistor R2 is greater than the voltage at node V when the NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on. Iset The voltage value of node V. Furthermore, under different duty cycles... Iset The voltage values ​​are different. When the duty cycle is 1 (at this time, the target PWM signal is all high level, and NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on throughout the entire cycle), node V IsetThe voltage value is at its minimum when the duty cycle is 0 (at this time, the target PWM signal is all low, and NMOS transistor Q1 is off throughout the entire cycle). Node V Iset The voltage value is the highest.

[0075] To ensure that the power module operates within a safe range and to prevent damage to the power module due to overcurrent, this application also provides another voltage regulation module.

[0076] Optionally, Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of another voltage regulation module provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, the voltage regulation module also includes a fifth resistor R5, which is connected between the second end of the second resistor R2 and the power module 102 to limit the current.

[0078] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, when NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, in the initial stage after NMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the power supply voltage charges the voltage regulator capacitor C1 through the fifth resistor R5 and the second resistor R2. After the voltage regulator capacitor C1 is fully charged, the voltage regulation module 103 reaches a steady state. At this time, the power supply module 102 includes two current branches: one generates a current through the fifth resistor R5 and the first resistor R1, and the other generates a current through the fifth resistor R5, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the NMOS transistor Q1. Further, when NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, in the initial stage after NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, the voltage regulator capacitor C1 discharges. After the voltage regulator capacitor C1 is fully discharged, the voltage regulation module 103 reaches a steady state. At this time, the power supply module 102 generates a current branch, which is the current generated through the fifth resistor R5 and the first resistor R1.

[0079] It should be noted that, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the voltage regulator capacitor C1 can be an electrolytic capacitor, a film capacitor, or a tantalum capacitor, used to smooth the voltage at node V. Iset The voltage should be adjusted according to the specific application scenario, and the appropriate setting of the voltage regulator capacitor C1 should be selected. This will not be elaborated here.

[0080] It should be added that the voltage regulation module in this embodiment can also be configured using dedicated integrated circuits, IP cores, etc. The specific configuration will not be described in detail here. As long as the power supply voltage can be adjusted based on the duty cycle of the target PWM signal and the adjusted power supply voltage can be output, any configuration of the voltage regulation module is applicable and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0081] To remove node V IsetThis application also provides another power management circuit based on a voltage regulation module, which reduces noise components in the voltage and thus improves the purity of the current threshold.

[0082] Optionally, Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, the power management circuit also includes a filter 106, which is connected between the second end of the second resistor R2 and the threshold module 104 to filter high-frequency ripple and noise in the regulated power supply voltage.

[0084] For example, the filter can be configured as an RC filter circuit, an LC filter circuit, or an RLC filter circuit. The appropriate filter configuration should be selected according to the specific application scenario, which will not be elaborated here.

[0085] In order to detect fluctuations in the regulated power supply voltage and ensure its stability and reliability, this application also provides another power management circuit based on the voltage regulation module.

[0086] Optionally, Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of another power management circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0087] like Figure 7 As shown, the power management circuit also includes a stability detection module 107, which is connected between the second end of the second resistor R2 and the reference ground. The stability detection module 107 is used to detect the stability of the regulated power supply voltage, thereby ensuring that the regulated power supply voltage operates stably within the specified range and improving the reliability and performance of the power management circuit.

[0088] Optionally, Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of a threshold module provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0089] like Figure 8 As shown, the threshold module 104 includes a linear current source 1041 and a sixth resistor R6. The linear current source 1041 is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulation module 103, and the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the linear current source 1041. The linear current source 1041 is used to configure a current threshold based on the regulated power supply voltage and the sixth resistor R6. The threshold value is determined according to node V. Iset The voltage value determines the current threshold Iset, where V Iset =Iset×R6.

[0090] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is 0, node V IsetWhen the voltage value is at its maximum, the current threshold Iset is also the largest.

[0091] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the power module 102 includes a current branch for generating current through the fifth resistor R5 and the first resistor R1, node V Iset The voltage value is equal to V1, where V1 = power supply voltage * (R1 / (R1+R5)), and the current threshold Iset = V1 / R6.

[0092] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is 1, node V Iset When the voltage value is at its minimum, the current threshold Iset is also at its minimum.

[0093] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the power module 102 includes two current branches: one generates current through the fifth resistor R5 and the first resistor R1, and the other generates current through the fifth resistor R5, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the NMOS transistor Q1. Furthermore, node V... Iset The voltage value is equal to V2, where V2 = power supply voltage * (1 - (R5 / (R5 + (R1 * (R2 + R3) / (R1 + R2 + R3)))), then the current threshold Iset = V2 t / R6.

[0094] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is between 0 and 1, node V can be... Iset The voltage is set to an intermediate value, which is the node V. Iset Maximum voltage value and node V Iset The average value between the minimum and maximum voltage values.

[0095] In some applications where high precision is not required, a threshold module can also be set using a resistor.

[0096] Optionally, Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of another threshold module provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0097] like Figure 9 As shown, the threshold module 104 includes a seventh resistor R7, wherein the first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the third end of the voltage regulation module 103, and the second end of the seventh resistor R7 outputs a current threshold based on the regulated power supply voltage.

[0098] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is 0, node V Iset When the voltage value is at its maximum, the current threshold Iset is also the largest.

[0099] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is 1, node V Iset When the voltage value is at its minimum, the current threshold Iset is also at its minimum.

[0100] Furthermore, when the duty cycle of the target PWM signal is between 0 and 1, node V can be... Iset The voltage is set to an intermediate value, which is the node V. Iset Maximum voltage value and node V Iset The average value between the minimum and maximum voltage values.

[0101] It should be noted that, Figure 9 The calculation process of the current threshold Iset and Figure 8 The calculation process for the current threshold Iset is the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] In summary, the power management circuit of this application embodiment outputs target PWM signals with different duty cycles through a control module. The voltage regulation module dynamically adjusts the power supply voltage output by the power module according to the duty cycle of the target PWM signal. This eliminates the limitations of fixed resistor settings, allowing the adjusted power supply voltage to be used under different load conditions and operating scenarios. By controlling the duty cycle of the target PWM signal, the precision of the voltage regulation module's power supply voltage adjustment can be improved, optimizing the efficiency of the power module, reducing energy waste, and thus improving the overall performance of the power module. The threshold module configures a current threshold based on the adjusted power supply voltage, giving the current threshold a dynamic adjustment attribute. This effectively prevents damage to the power supply and load components of the device due to overcurrent, ensuring safe operation of the device under various operating conditions.

[0103] In particular, according to embodiments of this application, the schematic diagram of the power management circuit referenced above can be implemented as an electronic device.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0105] like Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device 1000 includes the power management circuit 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0106] Optionally, in some application scenarios, the electronic device also includes a DC-DC conversion unit. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0107] like Figure 11As shown, the DC-DC converter unit 200 in the electronic device 1100 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the DC-DC converter unit 200 is connected to the input voltage, and the control terminal of the DC-DC converter unit 200 is connected to the power management circuit 100. The DC-DC converter unit 200 performs a preset ratio conversion on the input voltage, outputs the working voltage required by the downstream load through the output terminal of the DC-DC converter unit 200, and stops converting the input voltage when the output current at the output terminal exceeds the current threshold output by the power management circuit.

[0108] As illustrated, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment can be applied to a mobile terminal. The power management circuit can be used to manage the charging and discharging process of the battery in the mobile terminal, ensuring stable power supply to the mobile terminal under different operating conditions. The DC-DC converter can convert the battery voltage into the operating voltage required by various modules inside the mobile terminal (such as the CPU, screen, camera, etc.). Simultaneously, when the output current of the DC-DC converter exceeds the current threshold set by the power management circuit, the conversion operation of the DC-DC converter automatically stops to protect the mobile terminal from damage, thereby improving battery life, optimizing power conversion efficiency, and extending the battery life of the mobile terminal.

[0109] As illustrated, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment can be applied to a laptop computer. The power management circuit manages the input of the power adapter and the output of the battery, ensuring stable operation of the laptop computer regardless of whether an external power source is available. The DC-DC converter unit converts the voltage from the power adapter or the battery into the operating voltage required by various components inside the laptop computer (such as the motherboard, hard drive, display screen, graphics card, etc.), and stops the conversion operation of the DC-DC converter unit when the output current exceeds the current threshold set by the power management circuit, thereby preventing overcurrent damage, improving power conversion efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing the stability and reliability of the device.

[0110] As illustrated, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment can be a robot. The power management circuit is responsible for managing the robot's power input, ensuring stable power supply to the robot under different working conditions. The DC-DC converter unit converts the input voltage into the operating voltage required by various modules inside the robot (such as processors, sensors, actuators, etc.), and stops the conversion operation of the DC-DC converter unit when the output current of the DC-DC converter unit exceeds the current threshold set by the power management circuit, thereby protecting the robot's internal modules from overcurrent damage.

[0111] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0112] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0113] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0114] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0115] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0116] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power management circuit, characterized by, It includes a voltage regulation module, a control module, a power supply module, and a threshold module, wherein: The control module is used to output target PWM signals with different duty cycles; The power module is used to output power voltage; The voltage regulation module has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the voltage regulation module is connected to the control module, the second terminal of the voltage regulation module is connected to the power supply module, and the voltage regulation module is used to adjust the power supply voltage based on the duty cycle of the target PWM signal, and output the adjusted power supply voltage through the third terminal. The threshold module is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulation module, and a current threshold for overload protection of the device is configured based on the regulated power supply voltage.

2. The power management circuit of claim 1, wherein, The control module includes: a clock source, a counter, a comparator, a logic manager, and an output buffer, wherein: The clock source is used to provide clock signals; The counter has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the counter is connected to the clock source and is used to count from 0 under the drive of the clock signal. The comparator is connected to the output of the counter and is used to compare the output value of the counter with a preset threshold value. If the output value is less than the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a high level; if the output value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the comparator outputs a low level. The logic manager has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the logic manager is connected to the comparator, and the control terminal of the logic manager is connected to the control terminal of the counter. The logic manager is used to generate an initial PWM signal based on the result of the comparator, configure the preset threshold value according to the required duty cycle, and generate a reset signal by the control terminal of the logic manager when the output value of the counter reaches the preset maximum value. The counter restarts counting from 0 based on the reset signal. The output buffer is connected to the output of the logic manager and is used to amplify the initial PWM signal to generate the target PWM signal.

3. The power management circuit of claim 1, wherein, The power management circuit further includes: A temperature compensation module, connected to the control module, is used to calibrate the duty cycle of the target PWM signal according to changes in ambient temperature.

4. The power management circuit of claim 1, wherein, The voltage regulation module includes: an NMOS transistor, a voltage-regulating capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module. The gate of the NMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor, and the source of the NMOS transistor is connected to a reference ground. The NMOS transistor adjusts its on-time ratio based on the duty cycle. The first terminal of the third resistor is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor. The voltage-regulating capacitor is connected between the second terminal of the third resistor and the reference ground. The first terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor, and the first resistor is connected between the second terminal of the second resistor and the reference ground. The second terminal of the second resistor determines the adjustment ratio of the power supply voltage based on the on-time ratio.

5. The power management circuit of claim 4, wherein, The voltage regulation module further includes a fifth resistor, wherein the fifth resistor is connected between the second end of the second resistor and the power supply module, and is used to limit the current.

6. The power management circuit of claim 4, wherein, The power management circuit further includes: A filter, connected between the second terminal of the second resistor and the threshold module, is used to filter high-frequency ripple and noise in the regulated power supply voltage.

7. The power management circuit of claim 4, wherein, The power management circuit further includes: A stability detection module is connected between the second terminal of the second resistor and a reference ground to detect the stability of the regulated power supply voltage.

8. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The threshold module includes a linear current source and a sixth resistor, wherein the linear current source is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulation module, the sixth resistor is connected to the linear current source, and the linear current source is used to configure the current threshold according to the regulated power supply voltage and the sixth resistor.

9. The power management circuit of any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The threshold module includes a seventh resistor, wherein the first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the third end of the voltage regulation module, and the current threshold is output from the second end of the seventh resistor based on the regulated power supply voltage.

10. An electronic device, comprising: Includes the power management circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein, The electronic device further includes: The DC-DC converter unit has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The input terminal of the DC-DC converter unit is connected to an input voltage, and the control terminal of the DC-DC converter unit is connected to the power management circuit. The DC-DC converter unit performs a preset ratio conversion on the input voltage, outputs the working voltage required by the downstream load through the output terminal of the DC-DC converter unit, and stops converting the input voltage when the output current at the output terminal exceeds the current threshold output by the power management circuit.

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