A battery assembly and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the battery field, concretely is a kind of battery assembly and battery pack.Overcome the local heat of existing single battery pole is too high, and the problem of heat runaway is caused.The battery assembly includes battery module and two heat exchange parts;Battery module includes n single batteries;Two parallel heat exchange parts are provided with cooling channel in metal material body, for cooling water medium circulation, and the n electric insulating parts distributed at the interval of outer wall are connected with the polarity terminal of both sides of single battery respectively.The battery pack includes a plurality of above-mentioned battery assembly.Electric insulating part guarantees the mechanical connection of polarity terminal and heat exchange part and efficient heat transfer, simultaneously avoids metal conduction short circuit and cooling water electrification.Metal body, electric insulating part and cooling water cooperate, and the heat of pole is taken away by cooling medium circulation, both play the advantage of metal heat conduction, and also ensure electrical safety, effectively solve the hidden danger of heat runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of batteries, specifically a battery component and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most common battery modules are composed of multiple batteries connected together electrically.

[0003] Temperature control of battery modules has always been a hot topic in this field. Most existing battery modules use air cooling or liquid cooling to control the temperature of the entire battery module. However, since the terminals of individual cells in the battery module are the parts with the most concentrated heat, if the local heat of the terminals is too high, it is very likely to cause thermal runaway of individual cells in the battery module, which will seriously affect the safety and performance of the battery module and the battery pack it constitutes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery assembly and battery pack that overcomes the problem of excessive local heat at the terminals of existing single-cell batteries, which leads to thermal runaway.

[0005] The first aspect of this utility model provides a battery assembly, including a battery module and two heat exchange components;

[0006] The aforementioned battery module includes n individual battery cells arranged along a first direction; where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0007] The heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body and n electrical insulating components; the heat exchanger body is made of metal and has at least one cooling channel, which extends along the length of the heat exchanger body and passes through both ends of the heat exchanger body; the n electrical insulating components are spaced apart along the length of the heat exchanger body on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body.

[0008] Two heat exchange components are arranged in parallel and extend along the first direction. In one heat exchange component, n electrical insulating components are connected one-to-one with the polar terminals on one side of n individual cells. In the other heat exchange component, n electrical insulating components are connected one-to-one with the polar terminals on the other side of n individual cells.

[0009] This invention fixes a heat exchange component on the polar terminal (the polar terminal can be a terminal post or an integral structure after connecting a terminal post extension component to the terminal post). The heat generated by the battery polar terminal is conducted to the heat exchange component in close contact with it and dissipated through heat exchange, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation.

[0010] Based on the excellent thermal conductivity of metal, this invention selects metal as the body of the heat exchanger and sets a cooling channel in the body of the heat exchanger for the circulation of cooling medium, preferably cooling water, to achieve efficient heat dissipation.

[0011] However, the conductivity of metals can pose a short-circuit risk. Furthermore, to prevent the cooling water flowing through the cooling channels from becoming electrified and affecting the electrical safety of the battery system, this invention incorporates multiple electrically insulating components spaced along the length of the outer wall of the heat exchanger body. Each electrically insulating component not only ensures a reliable mechanical connection between the battery polarity terminals and the heat exchanger body, guaranteeing rapid and efficient heat transfer, but more importantly, it avoids short circuits caused by metal conductivity and prevents the cooling water from becoming electrified, successfully solving the insulation problem of using metal materials in heat exchangers and cooling water. Thus, the electrically insulating components, the metal heat exchanger body, and the cooling water work together to leverage the high thermal conductivity of metal while ensuring electrical safety. Through the circulation of cooling water within the cooling channels, heat from the polarity terminals is rapidly dissipated, effectively solving the problem of thermal runaway caused by excessive localized heat at the individual battery terminals.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned metal material is aluminum; the aforementioned electrical insulation component is a ceramic tube segment; n ceramic tube segments are spaced apart and sleeved on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body along the length direction of the heat exchanger body.

[0013] In the heat exchange system of this invention, the ceramic tube segments possess high thermal conductivity and insulation properties, undertaking the core functions of heat conduction and electrical isolation. Ceramic materials are brittle and easily fractured by external impacts. This invention employs a design where multiple ceramic tube segments are spaced apart on the aluminum heat exchanger, effectively solving this problem.

[0014] On the one hand, the spacing of the ceramic tube segments can disperse stress. When the battery is subjected to vibration or compression, the spacing design avoids stress concentration in the ceramic tube segments, releasing and dispersing stress through the spacing areas, thus reducing the risk of breakage. On the other hand, this design reduces the amount of ceramic used, which not only further improves system reliability but also reduces production costs.

[0015] In addition, the aluminum heat exchanger body without ceramic tube sections has a certain degree of flexibility, which can adapt to installation errors during installation, reduce installation accuracy requirements, and improve installation efficiency.

[0016] It is evident that the synergistic design of the ceramic tube section and the aluminum heat exchange component in this utility model not only overcomes the brittleness of ceramic materials but also improves the ease of installation, enabling the heat exchange system to have higher structural reliability and installation applicability on the basis of electrical safety and efficient heat dissipation.

[0017] Furthermore, a thermally conductive adhesive layer is provided between the contact surfaces of each ceramic tube section and the heat exchanger body.

[0018] From a thermal conductivity perspective, the contact thermal resistance generated by direct contact between ceramic and aluminum may affect heat transfer efficiency. A thermally conductive adhesive layer can fill gaps and eliminate air gaps between the two materials, and with its excellent thermal conductivity, it improves heat transfer efficiency and enhances heat dissipation at the battery polarity terminals.

[0019] In terms of structural stability, the adhesion of the thermally conductive adhesive layer can firmly bond the ceramic tube section to the heat exchanger body, improving the bonding stability between the two.

[0020] In terms of buffering performance, the thermally conductive adhesive layer has a certain degree of flexibility, which can buffer vibration stress and avoid damage to the ceramic tube section; its flexibility can also adapt to the thermal expansion of the component, relieve stress, ensure tight connection, and maintain heat conduction efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, each ceramic tube segment and the heat exchanger body are integrated into a single unit. Compared to a separate structure, this integrated design completely eliminates the assembly gap between the ceramic tube segments and the heat exchanger body, avoiding the air insulation layer that would result from such gaps. This allows heat to be conducted more directly and efficiently between the metal and ceramic, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency. In addition, the integrated structure reduces the number of assembly steps, lowering the risk of performance loss due to assembly errors. Moreover, during long-term use, there will be no loosening of the ceramic tube segments and heat exchanger body due to vibration or other factors, ensuring the reliability and stability of the heat exchanger.

[0022] Furthermore, a first through groove extending in the first direction is formed on the aforementioned polar terminal;

[0023] In one heat exchanger, n electrical insulating components are respectively fitted into the first through slots of n polarity terminals on one side; in the other heat exchanger, n electrical insulating components are respectively fitted into the first through slots of n polarity terminals on the other side.

[0024] A first through slot is made on the polarity terminal to hold the heat exchanger in place, ensuring good thermal contact between the heat exchanger and the polarity terminal. When heat is conducted to the polarity terminal, it is further transferred to the heat exchanger. The heat rapidly diffuses within the heat exchanger and is dissipated through the heat transfer medium inside the heat exchanger cavity and through heat exchange with the surrounding environment, thus achieving heat dissipation for the battery.

[0025] Furthermore, in the first direction, the size of each electrical insulator is larger than the size of the corresponding polarity terminal, and the two ends of the electrical insulator extend into the first through slot on the polarity terminal.

[0026] Longer electrical insulation components can create a longer insulation path between the polarity terminal and the heat exchanger body, significantly increasing the creepage distance. When the battery system is under complex operating conditions such as high voltage and high humidity, the longer ceramic tube section can effectively resist the influence of the electric field, reduce the risk of surface discharge, and prevent current from being conducted from the polarity terminal to the heat exchanger body through the surface of the ceramic tube section, thereby improving the electrical safety of the battery system.

[0027] Furthermore, a flexible heat-conducting layer is provided between the outer wall of the aforementioned electrical insulating component and the inner wall of the first through groove.

[0028] This flexible thermally conductive layer is made of a high thermal conductivity and flexible material, which can closely adhere to the outer wall of the electrical insulation component, filling the thermal resistance caused by unevenness or installation gaps between the outer wall of the electrical insulation component and the inner wall of the first through groove. On the one hand, the flexible thermally conductive layer can enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the battery polarity terminal, the electrical insulation component, and the aluminum heat exchanger body, allowing heat to be transferred more smoothly from the polarity terminal through the electrical insulation component to the aluminum heat exchanger body, and then carried away by the cooling medium in the cooling channel. On the other hand, the flexibility of the flexible thermally conductive layer can buffer external impacts and vibrations, further protecting the brittle electrical insulation component, especially the ceramic tube section. At the same time, during installation, it can effectively compensate for gaps caused by installation errors, ensuring close contact between components and enhancing the structural stability and reliability of the entire heat exchange system.

[0029] Furthermore, the aforementioned flexible thermal conductive layer is a silicone sleeve fitted onto the outer wall of the electrical insulating component.

[0030] In terms of materials, silicone has wide temperature stability and, compared to organic flexible materials, can withstand sudden temperature changes during battery charging and discharging, and is not prone to hardening or aging. Furthermore, its high insulation properties enhance the electrical isolation performance of electrical insulation components.

[0031] In terms of structure, its annular sleeve structure is tightly integrated with the electrical insulation components, ensuring a stable fit even when the battery vibrates or expands and contracts due to thermal expansion and contraction, thus ensuring a stable heat conduction path.

[0032] Meanwhile, the silicone sleeve utilizes the elastic properties of its material to provide all-around protection for brittle electrical insulation components. This avoids stress concentration and, compared to the single-sided protection of sheet-like thermal conductive layers, significantly reduces the risk of breakage of brittle electrical insulation components, ensuring the performance of the insulation components and the stable operation of the heat exchange system.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery assembly also includes multiple electrical connection plates;

[0034] Each electrical connection plate has its two ends connected to the open end of the first through slot on the terminals of two adjacent individual cells of different polarities, thereby realizing the series connection of multiple individual cells.

[0035] Furthermore, the aforementioned electrical connection plate is provided with a second through groove extending along its length, wherein the inner surface of the second through groove is pressed into contact with the outer wall of each electrical insulating component.

[0036] The electrical connection plate not only enables series connection between individual cells, but also applies pressure to the heat exchanger to ensure full contact between the heat exchanger and the polarity terminal, further improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. At the same time, it also enables reliable positioning of the heat exchanger in the first through slot of the polarity terminal.

[0037] Furthermore, the aforementioned electrical connection plate is provided with a welding part; the aforementioned welding part is the top surface of the electrical connection plate; the top surface of the electrical connection plate is flush with the top end face of the side wall of the first through groove, and welding is performed at the joint between the two.

[0038] Compared to other connection methods, such as simple mechanical fixing, welding eliminates the tiny gaps between the connection parts, greatly reducing contact resistance and improving the conductivity between them. Welded connections can also enhance the stability of the connection and prevent the electrical connection plate from separating from the polarity terminal due to vibration or other factors when the battery module is working, thus affecting the electrical connection effect.

[0039] Furthermore, seam welding achieves bonding by fusing the electrical connection plate flush with the polarity terminals, significantly improving connection reliability; it also eliminates air gaps and contact resistance. Compared to traditional lap welding, it has lower contact resistance. During high-current charging and discharging of the battery, the low-resistance connection significantly reduces line losses and avoids overheating.

[0040] Furthermore, a first inclined surface is provided at the edge where the outer wall of the aforementioned electrical connection plate intersects with the top surface;

[0041] The inner wall of the first through groove of the aforementioned polarity terminal is provided with a second inclined surface that matches the first inclined surface;

[0042] The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are arranged opposite each other, and the two form a welding area with a V-shaped cross-section.

[0043] The V-shaped welding area increases the welding contact area, making it easier for the solder to be evenly distributed and fully penetrated compared to flat welding, effectively avoiding problems such as incomplete welding and missed welding.

[0044] Furthermore, the polarity terminal includes a pole and a pole extension fixed on the pole; the pole extension includes a pole extension body, the top of the pole extension body being higher than the top of the pole; the first through slot is formed on the pole extension body.

[0045] If the traditional pole is too low, it is difficult to fix the heat exchanger on it. This utility model increases the overall height of the pole by fixing the pole extension to the pole, which provides convenient conditions for the installation of the heat exchanger.

[0046] Furthermore, the aforementioned pole extension body has a mounting hole that vertically penetrates the bottom of the first through groove; a portion of the pole structure is inserted into the mounting hole, and the annular area at the edge of the hole at the bottom of the first through groove serves as a welding surface, which is then welded and fixed to the top end face of the pole.

[0047] This invention, by creating mounting holes in the electrode extension, allows for quick initial positioning during assembly simply by inserting the electrode into the mounting holes. This eliminates the need for complex installation processes and specialized tools, significantly improving production efficiency and laying a solid foundation for large-scale production. After insertion, the electrode can be welded together to firmly integrate it with the electrode extension, forming a new polarity terminal with a significantly increased height.

[0048] Furthermore, the aforementioned mounting hole is a stepped through hole, with the inner diameter of the large-diameter section being larger than the outer diameter of the pole post, forming a welding cavity; the inner diameter of the small-diameter section matches the outer diameter of the pole post; part of the pole post structure is inserted into the small-diameter section, and the top end face of the pole post is flush with the bottom of the hole in the large-diameter section.

[0049] The bottom of the aforementioned large-diameter section serves as the welding surface, which is welded to the top end face of the pole post, and the depth of the large-diameter section is greater than or equal to the weld height.

[0050] After the heat exchanger is installed in the first through slot of the electrode extension, the depth of the large-diameter section is not less than the weld height, which effectively separates the heat exchanger from the weld. This means that even if the weld flatness is not perfect, it will not affect the contact between the heat exchanger and the bottom of the first through slot. In this way, heat can be smoothly transferred from the electrode and electrode extension to the heat exchanger, maintaining heat dissipation efficiency, avoiding battery overheating, ensuring performance, and extending service life.

[0051] Furthermore, the aforementioned electrode extension has a recessed structure; the bottom of the recessed structure and the single-cell electrode are connected by through-welding.

[0052] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery module also includes explosion venting channels; these channels extend along a first direction and seal over the explosion vents of the n individual cells. Thermal runaway fumes from each individual cell are discharged in an orderly manner through these channels, improving the safety performance of the battery assembly.

[0053] Furthermore, the battery module also includes a housing with an explosion vent; n individual batteries are arranged in the housing along a first direction; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery; the polarity terminals of each individual battery extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual battery.

[0054] The outer casing is equipped with a venting channel that connects to the venting port, through which thermal runaway flue gas is discharged in an orderly manner from the venting port;

[0055] Two heat exchange components are located outside the housing, and each electrical insulation component is connected to the part of the corresponding polarity terminal that extends out of the clearance hole.

[0056] Furthermore, the battery module also includes 2n hollow components; the 2n hollow components pass through the clearance holes and are fitted around each terminal post, the bottom of the hollow component is laser welded to the first area of ​​the corresponding single cell, and the top of the hollow component is laser welded to the second area of ​​the top plate of the outer shell.

[0057] The first region mentioned above is the area surrounding any electrode post in the upper cover plate of any of the aforementioned individual cells;

[0058] The second region mentioned above is the area corresponding to any one of the clearance holes on the top plate of the outer casing.

[0059] Furthermore, the aforementioned cooling channels consist of two separate channels, which are isolated from each other; one cooling channel is the liquid inlet channel, and the other is the liquid outlet channel.

[0060] The second aspect of this utility model provides a battery pack, including multiple battery components as described above; the heat exchange components on each battery component are interconnected to form a battery pack liquid circuit system to realize heat exchange of the battery pack.

[0061] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery pack also includes a casing; multiple battery components are located within the casing; and the outlet end of the explosion venting channel in each battery component leads out of the casing.

[0062] Furthermore, the liquid inlet channels in multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total liquid inlet path; the liquid outlet channels in multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total liquid outlet path; the end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total liquid outlet path through an external pipe section.

[0063] After the coolant enters the inlet end of the main inlet path, it flows through the inlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and then through the outer pipe section, it flows through the outlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and flows out from the outlet end of the main outlet path.

[0064] Within a single heat exchanger, the coolant forms an efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet and outlet channels, ensuring that each polarity terminal receives a balanced heat dissipation effect. For all heat exchangers, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet channels remains essentially constant, effectively avoiding localized overheating or undercooling phenomena present in traditional series cooling (traditional series cooling: the coolant gradually heats up as it flows from the main inlet to the main outlet, resulting in a lower battery temperature near the main inlet and a higher battery temperature at the main outlet).

[0065] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0066] This invention fixes a heat exchange component on the polar terminal (the polar terminal can be a terminal post or an integral structure after connecting a terminal post extension component to the terminal post). The heat generated by the battery polar terminal is conducted to the heat exchange component in close contact with it and dissipated through heat exchange, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation.

[0067] Based on the excellent thermal conductivity of metal, this invention selects metal as the body of the heat exchanger and sets a cooling channel in the body of the heat exchanger for the circulation of cooling medium, preferably cooling water, to achieve efficient heat dissipation.

[0068] However, the conductivity of metals can pose a short-circuit risk. Furthermore, to prevent the cooling water flowing through the cooling channels from becoming electrified and affecting the electrical safety of the battery system, this invention incorporates multiple electrically insulating components spaced along the length of the outer wall of the heat exchanger body. Each electrically insulating component not only ensures a reliable mechanical connection between the battery polarity terminals and the heat exchanger body, guaranteeing rapid and efficient heat transfer, but more importantly, it avoids short circuits caused by metal conductivity and prevents the cooling water from becoming electrified, successfully solving the insulation problem of using metal materials in heat exchangers and cooling water. Thus, the electrically insulating components, the metal heat exchanger body, and the cooling water work together to leverage the high thermal conductivity of metal while ensuring electrical safety. Through the circulation of cooling water within the cooling channels, heat from the polarity terminals is rapidly dissipated, effectively solving the problem of thermal runaway caused by excessive localized heat at the individual battery terminals. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery assembly in Example 1;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery assembly in Example 1;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery assembly in Example 1;

[0072] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0073] Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of a heat exchanger according to Example 1;

[0074] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another battery assembly in Example 1;

[0075] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0076] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of another heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0077] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the battery assembly in Example 3;

[0078] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery assembly in Example 3;

[0079] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection plate in Example 3;

[0080] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery assembly in Example 3;

[0081] Figure 13 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the battery assembly in Example 3;

[0082] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the pole extension component in Example 4;

[0083] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the pole extension in Example 4;

[0084] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the electrode extension and the single battery cell in Example 4;

[0085] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the single-cell battery structure with electrode extension members in Example 4;

[0086] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional view of a single battery cell with an extension post in Example 4;

[0087] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the pole extension component in Example 5;

[0088] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the single-cell battery structure with electrode extension members in Example 5;

[0089] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the electrode extension and the single battery cell in Example 5;

[0090] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the battery assembly in Example 6;

[0091] Figure 23 These are cross-sectional views of the battery assembly in Examples 7 and 8;

[0092] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery pack in Example 9;

[0093] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in Example 9;

[0094] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in Example 10.

[0095] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0096] 1. Heat exchanger; 11. Heat exchanger body; 12. Electrical insulation component; 13. Cooling channel; 131. Liquid inlet channel; 132. Liquid outlet channel; 14. Flexible thermal conductive layer; 2. Battery module; 21. Single cell; 211. Terminal post; 22. Polar terminal; 221. First through groove; 222. Second inclined surface; 223. Terminal post extension; 225. Mounting hole; 2251. Large diameter section; 2252. Small diameter section; 226. Recessed structure; 3. Electrical connection plate; 31. First inclined surface; 32. Second through groove; 4. Outer shell; 41. Explosion venting channel; 43. Hollow component; 431. Annular plate; 45. Clearance hole; 5. Encapsulation box. Detailed Implementation

[0097] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0098] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0099] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0100] This invention provides a battery assembly, including a battery module and a heat exchanger. The battery module mainly consists of multiple individual cells. The heat exchanger is connected to the polarity terminals of the individual cells, and the polarity terminals are cooled by liquid cooling to ensure stable operation of the battery module.

[0101] In liquid cooling technology for battery thermal management, the selection of heat exchanger materials is crucial. This invention, recognizing the superior thermal conductivity of metals compared to other materials, enabling rapid heat transfer and improved cooling efficiency, selects metal as the body material for the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, at least one cooling channel running through both ends is created on the heat exchanger body, forming a flow path for the cooling medium.

[0102] Meanwhile, considering safety, direct contact between the metal heat exchanger body and the polarized terminal could pose a short-circuit risk. Therefore, this invention incorporates multiple intermittently arranged electrical insulating components on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body, each connecting to the polarized terminal. These insulating components must possess both excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductivity, ensuring smooth heat transfer while isolating current, thus guaranteeing the proper functioning of the cooling system.

[0103] Water and insulating oil are commonly used as cooling media, relying on a circulation system for heat exchange. Among these, water has significant advantages over liquid cooling media such as insulating oil.

[0104] Regarding cooling efficiency: the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 × 10⁻⁶. 3 The thermal conductivity is approximately 0.6 W / (m·K), while the specific heat capacity of insulating oil is 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ W / (kg·℃). 3 J / (kg·℃)-2.5×10 3 Its thermal conductivity is between 0.1 and 0.15 W / (m·K), with a J / (kg·℃) value. Therefore, compared to insulating oil, water can more efficiently remove heat from the battery's polarity terminals.

[0105] In terms of cost: insulating oil is relatively expensive; water is widely available and inexpensive.

[0106] In terms of environmental protection: Insulating oil leaks are difficult to degrade and pollute the environment; water leaks are harmless and produce no waste.

[0107] It is evident that water cooling has significant advantages over insulating oil cooling in meeting the cooling requirements of battery systems in terms of efficiency, economy, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, this utility model prioritizes water cooling.

[0108] It should be noted that:

[0109] 1. In this utility model, the electrical insulating component, with its excellent electrical insulation performance, blocks the path of current conduction to the cooling water from the source, ensuring that the cooling water remains uncharged throughout the entire heat exchange process, thus providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of the battery system.

[0110] 2. Although this utility model focuses on water cooling, it is not limited to this and does not exclude the use of non-cooling water as the cooling medium.

[0111] 3. The polar terminal described in this utility model can be a battery terminal post, or it can be an integral structure of a battery terminal post and a terminal post extension member connected thereto.

[0112] 4. The metal materials mentioned above can be copper, steel, aluminum, etc., and each material has its own advantages and disadvantages.

[0113] Among them, aluminum is the preferred material for the heat exchanger body of this utility model due to its low cost, good plasticity and low density, after comprehensively considering the requirements of cost, processing and lightweighting.

[0114] When extremely high heat dissipation performance is required and high cost and increased weight are acceptable, copper can be selected.

[0115] If the cost budget is limited and complex processing conditions are available, steel can be considered as an alternative.

[0116] 5. The materials of the above-mentioned electrical insulation components can be plastic, rubber, ceramic, etc.

[0117] Plastics and rubber are both viable material choices, each with its own advantages: plastics are low-cost and easy to process, and can be fixed to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body through processes such as injection molding; rubber has good elasticity and can buffer external forces. However, conventional materials have problems such as poor thermal conductivity at high temperatures and easy aging. Their performance can be improved and their applicability enhanced by adding thermally conductive and high-temperature resistant substances.

[0118] In contrast, ceramics exhibit extremely high resistivity, excellent electrical insulation properties, and good thermal conductivity, ensuring efficient heat exchange. Furthermore, their chemical stability, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance allow them to maintain stable performance over long periods in complex battery operating environments. Therefore, considering electrical insulation, thermal conductivity, and weather resistance, this invention preferentially selects ceramics as the material for the electrical insulation component.

[0119] 6. The structure of the aforementioned electrical insulation components can be a full-tube structure or a half-tube structure (where a half-tube structure is a tube structure cut along the axial direction of a full-tube structure, with a C-shaped or U-shaped cross-section, etc.). If a full-tube structure is selected, the heat exchanger body can be directly nested into each electrical insulation component. This structure can provide all-round insulation protection for the heat exchanger body and ensure the stability of insulation performance. If a half-tube structure is selected, the heat exchanger body can be embedded into the electrical insulation component from the open end of the half-tube. This structure facilitates installation and disassembly and can also reduce the amount of insulation material used to a certain extent, thereby reducing costs.

[0120] 7. The above-mentioned cooling channels can be two, one of which is a liquid inlet channel and the other is a liquid outlet channel; in the battery pack, multiple liquid inlet channels are connected in series to form a total liquid inlet path; multiple liquid outlet channels are connected in series to form a total liquid outlet path; the end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total liquid outlet path through an external pipe section.

[0121] After the coolant enters the main inlet end of the main inlet path, it flows through one inlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and then through the external pipe section, it flows through the outlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and flows out from the main outlet end of the main outlet path.

[0122] 8. The above-mentioned battery modules may include at least the following three types:

[0123] Type 1 battery module:

[0124] The first type of battery module includes n individual battery cells arranged along a first direction, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0125] For ease of description, in this utility model, the arrangement direction of the individual battery cells is defined as the x-direction; the height direction of the individual battery cells is defined as the z-direction; and the direction perpendicular to both the x and z directions is defined as the y-direction.

[0126] Second type of battery module:

[0127] The second type of battery module, based on the first type of battery module, adds an explosion venting channel. This explosion venting channel extends along the first direction and seals and covers the explosion venting ports of each individual battery cell. Thermal runaway fumes are discharged in an orderly manner from the explosion venting ports through the explosion venting channel, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0128] Third type of battery module:

[0129] The third type of battery module, based on the first type of battery module, adds a shell, with multiple individual batteries arranged along the x-direction and placed inside the shell cavity.

[0130] The outer casing is equipped with an explosion vent and an explosion vent channel that connects to the explosion vent. Thermal runaway fumes are discharged in an orderly manner from the explosion vent through the explosion vent channel, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery assembly.

[0131] This utility model does not specifically limit the above-mentioned shell structure, but at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0132] The first structure includes a first cylinder with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is an open end) and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the first cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane).

[0133] The second structure includes a second cylinder with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate respectively fixed to the open ends at the top and bottom of the second cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are both parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate or the top plate can be an integral structure with the second cylinder).

[0134] The top plate of the outer casing (here, the top plate of the first cylindrical body in the first structure, and the top plate in the second structure) has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell; the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing is sealed to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual battery cell. The area corresponding to the clearance hole can be the wall of the clearance hole, or it can be the area surrounding the clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing.

[0135] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0136] Example 1

[0137] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic diagram, an exploded view, and a cross-sectional view of the battery module structure in this embodiment, including a battery module 2 and two heat exchange components 1. The battery module 2 is the first type of battery module described above.

[0138] As shown in the figure, the battery module 2 in this embodiment includes 13 individual battery cells 21 arranged along the x-direction. In this embodiment, the individual battery cells 21 are prismatic cells, and the internal cavity of each individual battery cell 21 includes an electrolyte region and a gas region. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 21 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the shape of the individual battery cells 21 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0139] Each individual cell 21 has a terminal extension 223 connected to its terminal post 211 as a polarity terminal 22.

[0140] Each pole extension 223 is provided with a heat exchanger 1 mounting structure to fix the heat exchanger 1, and the heat exchange of the battery module 2 is realized based on the heat exchanger 1.

[0141] from Figure 2 As can be seen from the diagram, in this embodiment, a first through groove 221 is formed on the pole extension 223 as a mounting structure for the heat exchanger 1. The first through groove 221 extends along the x-direction, that is, the length direction of the first through groove 221 is parallel to the x-axis. The inner cavity shape of the first through groove 221 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the electrical insulation component 12, and it is necessary to ensure that the electrical insulation component 12 is tightly clamped in it, so as to ensure the installation stability and the heat transfer effect between the heat exchanger 1 and the pole extension 223.

[0142] In some other embodiments, additional snap-fit ​​structures can be fixed on the pole extension 223 as mounting structures for the heat exchanger 1. However, compared to this embodiment, installing the heat exchanger 1 requires precise alignment of the snap-fit ​​structure, and often requires tools to snap the heat exchanger 1 in. Slight carelessness during this process can lead to deformation of the snap-fit ​​structure or improper installation of the heat exchanger 1. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 can be initially positioned simply by placing it directly along the first through groove 221, significantly reducing operational difficulty, greatly shortening installation time, and significantly improving production efficiency. From the perspective of thermal contact, due to the limitations of the snap-fit ​​structure's opening shape and installation method, gaps easily exist between the heat exchanger 1 and the pole extension 223, making it impossible to guarantee tight thermal contact. In contrast, the first through groove 221 achieves large-area surface contact between the heat exchanger 1 and the pole extension 223. For example, some clip-on mounting structures only fix the heat exchanger 1 through a few contact points, limiting heat transfer to these small areas and resulting in high thermal resistance. The large-area contact of the first through groove 221 allows heat to be quickly and evenly conducted from the electrode extension 223 to the heat exchanger 1, greatly improving the heat transfer rate and making the heat dissipation effect far superior to point and line contact structures, thus more effectively maintaining the appropriate operating temperature of the battery.

[0143] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure and an exploded view of the heat exchanger 1 in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the heat exchanger 1 in this embodiment includes a heat exchanger body 11, which is a long columnar structure. Its cross-section is usually designed as rectangular or circular, and the size can be customized according to actual needs.

[0144] In this embodiment, aluminum is selected as the material for the heat exchanger body 11. Aluminum has advantages such as low price, good plasticity, easy extrusion and stamping, and low density. It can not only effectively control costs and meet the requirements of complex structural designs, but also reduce the overall weight of the battery system and improve the portability of the equipment.

[0145] A cooling channel 13 is formed on the heat exchanger body 11, extending along the length of the heat exchanger body 11 and passing through both ends of the heat exchanger body 11, providing a path for the flow of the cooling medium. Simultaneously, 13 electrical insulating elements 12 are arranged at intervals along the length of the heat exchanger body 11 on its outer wall. The number of electrical insulating elements 12 is the same as the number of positive or negative terminals in the battery. In some other embodiments, the number of electrical insulating elements 12 can be adjusted according to the number of polarity terminals 22.

[0146] Among them, the electrical insulation component 12 can be either an electrical insulation tube or an electrical insulation coating. Both can achieve electrical isolation between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22, but each has its own advantages in performance and application scenarios.

[0147] From the perspective of fit, the electrical insulation coating can fit tightly against the heat exchanger body 11, and is especially suitable for components with irregular shapes or fine uneven structures. It can achieve seamless insulation coverage and reduce the risk of local thermal resistance and insulation failure caused by poor contact. In addition, the coating process can achieve precise control of insulation and thermal conductivity by adjusting the spraying parameters, such as coating thickness and material ratio. It has stronger adaptability in some customized scenarios with special requirements for the performance parameters of electrical insulation components 12.

[0148] However, compared to the coating structure, the tubular electrical insulation component 12 also has significant advantages. In terms of structural stability, the electrical insulation tube is a three-dimensional tubular structure, which can better withstand external forces and is not easily damaged by vibration or compression compared to the planar coating. Especially in the frequent vibration environment during battery operation, it can still maintain good insulation performance. In terms of installation convenience, the electrical insulation tube can be directly sleeved on the heat exchanger body 11, and the installation process is simple and quick. In contrast, the coating structure requires processes such as spraying and coating, which is not only complicated but may also have problems such as uneven coating thickness and local peeling.

[0149] Taking into account the requirements of battery operating environment for stability and ease of installation, this embodiment preferably uses an electrical insulating tube as the electrical insulating component 12.

[0150] The material of the electrical insulation tube can be plastic, rubber or ceramic, etc. Based on the excellent electrical insulation, high temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity of ceramic material, ceramic material is selected in this embodiment.

[0151] The structure of the electrically insulating tube can be either a whole tube or a half tube. The whole tube structure can achieve all-round insulation protection. In this embodiment, the whole tube structure is selected, which can be defined as a ceramic tube segment.

[0152] Ceramic materials inherently possess high brittleness and are easily fractured by external impacts. This invention employs a method of distributing multiple ceramic tube segments at intervals along the length of the aluminum heat exchanger body 11, effectively dispersing stress generated by vibration and compression during battery operation. When external forces are applied, the interval areas act as stress release buffers, preventing stress concentration in the ceramic tube segments and significantly reducing the risk of fracture. Simultaneously, the interval distribution reduces the overall amount of ceramic material used, lowering production costs and reducing potential failure points, further enhancing system reliability. Furthermore, the areas of the aluminum heat exchanger body 11 without ceramic tube segments (i.e., the interval areas) retain a degree of flexibility, adapting to minor installation errors during installation without requiring stringent installation precision, significantly improving assembly efficiency.

[0153] To further enhance heat transfer efficiency, this embodiment may also provide a thermally conductive adhesive layer between each ceramic tube section and the heat exchanger body 11.

[0154] This thermally conductive adhesive layer can tightly adhere to the heat exchanger body 11 and each ceramic tube segment, significantly optimizing thermal conductivity. Unlike traditional direct solid-to-solid contact methods, the thermally conductive adhesive layer can better adapt to different surface shapes and roughnesses. At the microscopic scale, even if there are minute unevennesses on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 and the inner wall of the ceramic tube segments, the adhesive layer can fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient thermal conduction path. This effectively avoids hotspot problems caused by local thermal resistance differences, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchanger 1. At the same time, the thermally conductive adhesive layer also serves to fix the ceramic tube segments, greatly improving the structural stability of the heat exchanger 1. In addition, the thermally conductive adhesive layer also has a certain degree of flexibility, which can buffer vibration stress and prevent damage to the ceramic tube segments; its flexibility can also adapt to the thermal expansion of the components, relieve stress, ensure tight connections, and maintain heat conduction efficiency.

[0155] The thermally conductive adhesive can be any commonly used thermally conductive adhesive in the battery field, such as at least one of thermally conductive silicone grease, thermally conductive epoxy resin, and thermally conductive polyurethane. Among these, the thermally conductive silicone grease has excellent thermal conductivity and insulation properties, effectively reducing the thermal resistance between the ceramic tube segment and the heat exchanger body 11; the thermally conductive epoxy resin has high bonding strength, effectively improving the stability of the ceramic tube segment on the heat exchanger body 11; and the thermally conductive polyurethane has the advantage of good flexibility and weather resistance, making it suitable for handling the deformation and heat dissipation requirements of batteries in different environments.

[0156] The thickness of the thermally conductive adhesive layer is generally controlled between 0.01-1mm. If the thickness is too thin, it may not be able to fully fill the gap between the ceramic tube section and the heat exchanger body 11, affecting the heat conduction and insulation effect; if the thickness is too thick, it will increase the thermal resistance, reduce the heat transfer efficiency, and may also affect the installation accuracy and stability of the ceramic tube section.

[0157] The installation process is as follows: First, clean the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 to ensure that there is no oil or impurities; then, install multiple ceramic tube segments in sequence, adjusting them to be evenly distributed along the heat exchanger body 11 to ensure that the spacing meets the standard; then, pour thermally conductive adhesive into the gap between the heat exchanger body 11 and the ceramic tube segments, controlling the adhesive layer thickness to be consistent and avoiding air bubbles; finally, let it stand to cure, avoiding external interference during the process, to ensure that the thermally conductive adhesive is tightly bonded to both.

[0158] If a ceramic half-tube is used, installation is more flexible. During installation, the heat exchanger body 11 can be smoothly inserted into the open end of the ceramic half-tube first, and then thermally conductive adhesive can be poured into the gap between the two through the open end of the ceramic half-tube. Alternatively, a layer of thermally conductive adhesive can be evenly applied to the inner wall of the ceramic half-tube first, and then the heat exchanger body 11 can be smoothly inserted into the open end of the ceramic half-tube. The pressure will then allow the thermally conductive adhesive to fully fill the tiny gaps, forming a thermally conductive layer.

[0159] This installation method eliminates the need for the traditional sleeve installation required for a complete tube, reducing installation difficulties arising from the mismatch between the inner diameter of the ceramic tube segment and the outer diameter of the heat exchanger 1. Furthermore, the open nature of the ceramic half-tube facilitates adhesive application from the open end, allowing installers to more directly observe the distribution of the thermally conductive adhesive and adjust the adhesive layer thickness promptly. This ensures a tight fit between the ceramic half-tube and the heat exchanger body 11, effectively reducing installation difficulty and time costs, and providing more convenient and efficient options for practical applications.

[0160] Combination Figure 2 The specific installation process of the battery assembly in this embodiment is as follows: First, each terminal extension 223 is connected to the corresponding terminal 211 of the single cell 21. After all terminal extensions 223 are fixed, the heat exchanger 1 is fixed along the x-direction into the first through slot 221 of each terminal extension 223 located on the same side. Specifically, each electrical insulator 12 in each heat exchanger 1 is snapped into the first through slot 221 of the corresponding polarity terminal 22. Figure 1 As can be seen from the diagram, in this embodiment, two heat exchange components 1 are provided on the top of the battery module 2. The two heat exchange components 1 can be connected in series at the port of the cooling channel 13 on the same side via an external connecting pipe segment. This external connecting pipe segment can be integrated with the heat exchange component body 11 of the two heat exchange components 1 to form a U-shaped pipeline. In some other embodiments, the two heat exchange components 1 can also be connected in parallel.

[0161] from Figure 1 As can be seen from the diagram, in this embodiment, the length of each segment of the electrical insulation component 12 in the x-direction is greater than the length of the first through groove 221 of the corresponding electrode extension component. After the electrical insulation component 12 is inserted into the first through groove 221 of the corresponding electrode extension component, both ends of the electrical insulation component extend out of the first through groove 221, effectively extending the insulation path between the polarity terminal and the heat exchange component body, significantly increasing the creepage distance, reducing the risk of surface discharge, avoiding insulation failure, and further improving the electrical safety performance of the battery system.

[0162] To optimize the thermal conductivity between heat exchanger 1 and polarity terminal 22, such as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a flexible thermally conductive layer 14 can also be provided between each electrical insulating component 12 and the first through groove 221 of the polarity terminal 22. The flexible thermally conductive layer 14 can be fixed to the inner surface of the first through groove 221 of the polarity terminal 22, or it can be clamped between each electrical insulating component 12 and the first through groove 221 of the polarity terminal 22, or it can be fixed to the outer wall of the electrical insulating component 12.

[0163] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment mainly takes the flexible thermal conductive layer 14 disposed on the outer wall of the electrical insulating component 12 as an example.

[0164] The flexible thermal conductive layer 14 can adopt at least the following two structures:

[0165] First structure:

[0166] The flexible thermally conductive layer 14 is a thermally conductive adhesive layer. This adhesive layer can tightly adhere to the electrical insulator 12 and the polar terminal 22. Unlike traditional direct contact with solids, the thermally conductive adhesive layer can better adapt to the shape and roughness of different surfaces. At the microscopic scale, even if there are slight unevennesses on the outer wall of the electrical insulator 12 and the inner wall of the first through groove of the polar terminal 22, the adhesive layer can fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient thermal conduction path. This effectively avoids hot spots caused by local thermal resistance differences, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchanger 1. Secondly, the thermally conductive adhesive layer can also fix the heat exchanger 1, greatly improving the structural stability of the heat exchanger 1 on the battery module 2.

[0167] The second structure:

[0168] The flexible thermal conductive layer 14 is a flexible thermal conductive sleeve sleeved on each electrical insulating component 12. For example, it can be a silicone sleeve, or a silicone rubber sleeve, a polyurethane thermal conductive sleeve, etc.

[0169] Silicone rubber sleeves combine the high elasticity and good thermal conductivity of silicone rubber, maintaining stable thermal conductivity and cushioning performance in complex vibration environments; polyurethane thermally conductive sleeves, on the other hand, have high strength and wear resistance, making them suitable for scenarios with high mechanical performance requirements.

[0170] Silicone sleeves also have good elasticity and thermal conductivity. At the same time, compared with silicone rubber sleeves and polyurethane thermal conductive sleeves, their manufacturing cost is lower, which helps to control the overall production cost.

[0171] In this embodiment, a silicone sleeve is used. Based on its good elasticity, the silicone sleeve can fill the tiny gap between the electrical insulation component 12 and the first through groove 221. Through its own deformation, it tightly fits the surfaces of the two, eliminating the assembly gap caused by manufacturing tolerances, thereby enhancing the stability of the connection and preventing the heat exchange component 1 and the polar terminal 22 from becoming loose due to vibration, shaking or other factors during the operation of the battery system.

[0172] Meanwhile, the silicone sleeve has certain thermal conductivity, which significantly reduces thermal resistance compared to air, allowing heat to be transferred more efficiently from the heat exchanger 1 to the polarity terminal 22, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the entire battery module 2. It is necessary to ensure that the silicone sleeve completely covers the contact area between the first through slot 221 and the electrical insulation component 12.

[0173] Meanwhile, the silicone sleeve can also wrap and protect the ceramic tube section with its own elasticity, reducing the risk of the ceramic tube section breaking due to external impact and ensuring the stable operation of the battery system.

[0174] In summary, this embodiment constructs a highly efficient heat dissipation system through the selection of materials for the heat exchanger body 11, the arrangement of intermittent ceramic tube sections, and the coordination of a water cooling system.

[0175] In terms of material selection for the heat exchanger body 11, aluminum metal, with its high thermal conductivity, can quickly conduct heat from the polar terminal 22 to the cooling channel 13. At the same time, it is inexpensive, has good plasticity and low density, which reduces costs, meets complex structural designs, and reduces battery weight, thus balancing heat dissipation performance and economy.

[0176] In terms of electrical insulation, intermittently distributed ceramic tube sections are used. The excellent insulation and high-temperature resistance of ceramics can avoid the safety hazards caused by direct contact between the metal body and the polar terminal 22; although ceramic materials are brittle, the intermittent design can disperse stress, prevent vibration and compression from causing breakage, and ensure insulation and structural reliability.

[0177] In terms of heat dissipation, water's high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity result in higher heat exchange efficiency compared to media such as insulating oil. Combined with metallic aluminum, it can quickly remove heat.

[0178] Example 2

[0179] Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, each electrical insulation component 12 is integrated with the heat exchanger body. Compared to the separate structure in Embodiment 1, the integrated structure completely eliminates the assembly gap between the electrical insulation component 12 and the heat exchanger body, thus avoiding the air insulation layer caused by the gap. Due to the gapless characteristic, heat can be conducted more directly and efficiently between the metal and ceramic, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency. Simultaneously, the integrated structure reduces component assembly steps, effectively reducing the risk of performance loss due to assembly errors. During long-term use, the electrical insulation component 12 will not loosen due to vibration or other factors, fully ensuring the reliability and stability of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the integrated structure avoids the use of thermally conductive adhesive layers, eliminating the thermal resistance and aging problems that adhesive layers may cause. Compared to the adhesive layer solution in Embodiment 1, both heat dissipation performance and structural stability are significantly improved.

[0180] Specifically, this embodiment can be implemented through the following two processes:

[0181] Ceramic-coated metal pipe process: A metal pipe (preferably an aluminum metal pipe) is placed in a specific mold cavity, and liquid ceramic raw material is injected into the mold cavity to coat the outer wall of the metal pipe. After the ceramic raw material solidifies, multiple ceramic pipe segments are formed on the outer wall of the metal pipe.

[0182] The process of firing ceramic pipe segments on the outside of metal pipes: First, prepare a metal pipe (preferably an aluminum metal pipe) as the inner core, then coat the outer wall of the metal pipe with ceramic slurry at intervals, and after sintering, form multiple ceramic pipe segments distributed at intervals on the outside of the metal pipe.

[0183] Example 3

[0184] This embodiment of the battery assembly differs from the previous embodiment in that it further includes multiple electrical connection plates 3. Each electrical connection plate 3 is connected to a polarity terminal 22 of a different polarity of an adjacent individual battery cell 21, thereby realizing series connection between the individual battery cells 21. Furthermore, by optimizing the connection structure between the electrical connection plates 3 and the polarity terminals 22, the electrical performance and heat dissipation effect of the battery assembly are improved.

[0185] Combination Figure 9 and Figure 10 Each electrical connection plate 3 extends along the x-direction, and its two ends are respectively connected to the open end of the first through slot 221 of the different polarity terminals 22 of the adjacent single cell 21. Through this connection method, the series connection of multiple single cells 21 is achieved.

[0186] The specific structure of electrical connection board 3 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the electrical connection plate 3 adopts a long strip-shaped structure. A second through groove 32 extending along its length is provided on the electrical connection plate 3. The dimensions and shape of the inner surface of the second through groove 32 are adapted to the outer wall of the electrical insulation component 12 mounted on the polarity terminal 22 (if a silicone sleeve is fitted on the electrical insulation component 12, its dimensions and shape are adapted to the outer surface of the silicone sleeve). When the electrical connection plate 3 is fixedly installed at the open end of the first through groove 221 of the polarity terminal 22, the inner surface of the second through groove 32 can fit tightly against the outer wall of the electrical insulation component 12 (if a silicone sleeve is fitted on the electrical insulation component 12, the inner surface of the second through groove 32 can fit tightly against the outer surface of the silicone sleeve). This tightly fitted structural design ensures the reliability of the electrical connection and also provides a stable positioning effect for the heat exchange component 1.

[0187] Regarding the design of the fixing part of the electrical connection plate 3, the outer surface of the electrical connection plate 3 (the outer surface here includes the top surface of the electrical connection plate and the outer side wall of the electrical connection plate) can be used as the fixing part, and can be welded and fixed to the side wall of the first through groove 221 of each polarity terminal 22.

[0188] Specifically, there are two feasible welding methods. First, the two large sidewalls of the first through groove 221 can be welded to the outer sidewall of the electrical connection plate 3 to form a strong connection, effectively enhancing the bonding strength between the two. Second, as... Figure 12As shown, the two edges on the top surface of the electrical connection plate 3 in the width direction can also be used as welding parts. During assembly, these welding parts are flush with the top end face of the side wall of the first through groove 221 of each polarity terminal 22, and welding is performed at the joint. Figure 12 In the area shown in a), compared to the first type of through-welding, welding is performed at the joint, which is easier to operate and can ensure the flatness and stability of the weld.

[0189] By welding, a tight connection can be achieved between the electrical connection plate and the polarity terminal 22. Compared to other connection methods, such as simple mechanical fixing, welding eliminates tiny gaps at the connection points, greatly reducing contact resistance and significantly improving the conductivity between the two. Simultaneously, welding also enhances the connection stability, preventing the electrical connection plate from separating from the polarity terminal 22 due to vibration, impact, or other factors during battery module operation. This avoids affecting conductivity and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the battery module.

[0190] like Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment can further optimize the above welding structure by machining a first inclined surface 31 at the edge where the outer wall of the electrical connection plate 3 intersects with the top surface, and simultaneously providing a second inclined surface 222 on the inner wall of the first through groove 221 of the polarity terminal 22. When the electrical connection plate 3 is inserted into the first through groove 221, the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 222 are positioned opposite each other, forming a welding area with a V-shaped cross-section between them, see... Figure 13 The area shown in b is a V-shaped region. During the welding operation, the solder can fully fill this V-shaped welding area. This V-shaped welding area design greatly increases the welding area, thereby achieving a high-strength electrical connection between the electrical connection plate 3 and the polarity terminal 22, effectively improving the reliability and stability of the battery module's electrical connection.

[0191] During assembly, the second through slot 32 of the electrical connection plate 3 is first aligned with the electrical insulation component 12 or the silicone sleeve, and then a pressing operation is performed to allow the electrical connection plate 3 to be smoothly embedded into the first through slot 221 of each polarity terminal 22. After this step, the electrical connection plate 3 and the polarity terminal 22 are initially positioned. Next, the top surface of the electrical connection plate 3 is welded to the top of the side wall of the first through slot 221 through a V-shaped welding area to complete the fixing of the electrical connection plate 3 and all polarity terminals 22. Through this assembly method, not only is the series connection between each individual battery 21 realized, but after the electrical connection plate 3 is installed and fixed, it can also apply downward pressure to the heat exchange component 1 to ensure that the heat exchange component 1 and the polarity terminal 22 are in full contact, further improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange component 1. At the same time, it achieves reliable positioning of the heat exchange component 1 in the first through slot 221 of the polarity terminal 22, ensuring the heat dissipation performance and stability of the battery assembly during operation.

[0192] Example 4

[0193] This embodiment refines the fixing method between the pole extension 223 and the pole 211 based on the above embodiment. A mounting hole 225 is provided on the pole extension 223 for the pole 211 to be inserted. After the pole 211 is inserted, a reliable fixing method such as interference fit, welding, or threaded connection can be selected according to actual needs to firmly combine the pole 211 and the pole extension 223 into one unit.

[0194] Combination Figure 14 and Figure 15 As can be seen, the pole extension 223 includes the pole extension body, which is usually designed as a rectangular block structure. Its length, width and height can be customized according to the actual application scenario to adapt to different battery specifications.

[0195] In some other embodiments, the pole extension body may also be cylindrical.

[0196] Metal materials with good electrical and thermal conductivity can be used, such as silver, copper, and aluminum. However, considering both cost and electrical and thermal conductivity, aluminum is generally chosen as the material for the body of the pole extension.

[0197] Mounting holes 225 are made on the electrode extension body for inserting part of the structure of the electrode 211 of the single cell 21, thereby achieving effective connection between the two.

[0198] In this embodiment, the mounting hole 225 is located at the center of the bottom of the first through groove 221 and penetrates vertically through the bottom of the first through groove 221.

[0199] like Figure 16 and Figure 17 During installation, the terminal post 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 225 of the terminal post extension 223 and fixedly connected to the terminal post extension 223. It is worth noting that after installation, a safe electrical conduction distance must be maintained between the bottom surface of the terminal post extension 223 and the top cover of the single cell 21. This is crucial and relates to the safe and stable operation of the entire battery.

[0200] There are three main ways to connect the pole post 211 and the pole post extension 223:

[0201] Interference fit connection: The diameter of the mounting hole 225 is adapted to the outer diameter of the terminal 211 of the single cell 21. When the terminal 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 225, the two are tightly connected by an interference fit. This connection method requires a certain external force to press the terminal 211 into the mounting hole 225 during assembly, generating significant friction between the terminal 211 and the mounting hole 225. No additional fixing measures are needed to ensure a stable connection and effectively prevent loosening or displacement of the terminal extension 223 during use. It should be noted that the mounting hole 225 can be a through hole or a non-through hole, and the choice can be made flexibly according to specific requirements in practical applications.

[0202] Threaded connection: The diameter of the mounting hole 225 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the terminal 211 of the single battery 21. A threaded structure is provided on the wall of the mounting hole 225 near the terminal 211 of the single battery 21. Correspondingly, a matching threaded structure is provided on the terminal 211. After the terminal 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 225, the terminal 211 is tightly connected to the mounting hole 225 by rotating the terminal extension 223. The threaded connection is easy to operate and has good disassembly, making it easy to separate the terminal 211 from the terminal extension 223 during subsequent maintenance or replacement of battery module 2 components. At the same time, the position of the terminal 211 in the mounting hole 225 can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the screw depth. It should also be noted that the mounting hole 225 for the threaded connection can be either a through hole or a non-through hole, and can be flexibly selected according to specific needs in practical applications.

[0203] Welded connection:

[0204] Method 1: Mounting hole 225 is a stepped hole structure: such as Figure 14 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 18 As shown, the mounting hole 225 is designed as a stepped hole, including a large-diameter section 2251 and a small-diameter section 2252. The inner diameter of the large-diameter section 2251 is significantly larger than the outer diameter of the pole post 211, thus forming a welding cavity. The inner diameter of the small-diameter section 2252 matches the outer diameter of the pole post 211, providing fitting space for the insertion of the pole post 211. During assembly, the pole post 211 is inserted into the small-diameter section 2252, ensuring that the top end face of the pole post 211 is flush with the bottom of the hole in the large-diameter section 2251. The bottom of the hole in the large-diameter section 2251 is then welded to the edge of the top end face of the pole post 211. It should be noted that, unlike the previous two connection methods, the mounting hole 225 for the welded connection must be designed as a through hole to meet the requirements of the welding process and the overall structure.

[0205] Since the inner cavity of the first through-slot 221 in this embodiment is used to install the heat exchanger 1, if the bottom of the large-diameter section 2251 is welded to the top end face of the pole post 211, the weld height will be too high, exceeding the height of the welding cavity (i.e., exceeding the depth of the large-diameter section 2251), and the heat exchanger 1 will directly contact the weld. This will not only interfere with the full contact between the heat exchanger 1 and the bottom of the first through-slot 221, but also, because the material changes after welding, a region with high thermal resistance may be formed. As a result, heat is difficult to transfer smoothly, and the heat transfer efficiency will decrease accordingly.

[0206] To overcome this problem, this embodiment limits the depth of the large-diameter section 2251, requiring the depth of the large-diameter section 2251 to be greater than the height of the weld, thereby separating the weld from the heat exchanger 1. This ensures that the heat exchanger 1 is in complete contact with the bottom of the first through groove 221, guaranteeing that heat can be conducted unimpeded along the electrode post 211 and the electrode post extension 223 to the heat exchanger 1, maintaining efficient heat dissipation performance, effectively preventing the battery from overheating due to poor heat dissipation, ensuring that the battery maintains good performance under various operating conditions, and extending the battery's service life.

[0207] Method 2: The mounting hole 225 is a through hole structure: During assembly, the pole post 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 225, ensuring that the top end face of the pole post 211 is flush with the opening of the mounting hole 225. The annular plane around the mounting hole 225 on the bottom of the first through groove 221 is used as the welding surface and welded to the top end face of the pole post 211. Based on the structure of the first through groove 221, end face welding can be achieved, giving the pole post 211 and the pole post extension 223 a high connection strength.

[0208] However, if the weld flatness is poor, with protrusions or depressions, the heat exchanger 1 installed in the through slot in the battery component will not be able to fit tightly with the electrode extension 223. Gaps will appear in some areas, obstructing the heat transfer path, which will still have an adverse effect on the contact between the heat exchanger 1 and the electrode extension 223, resulting in a significant reduction in heat exchange efficiency.

[0209] Compared to threaded connections and interference fits, welded connections form a permanent bond through interatomic bonding, resulting in higher connection strength. This provides better resistance to complex operating conditions, ensuring a stable connection and effectively preventing electrical instability caused by loosening. Therefore, this embodiment adopts a welded connection method after comprehensive consideration.

[0210] In addition, to ensure a reliable electrical conductivity safety distance is maintained between the bottom surface of the terminal extension 223 and the top cover of the single cell 21, at least the following two methods can be adopted in the design:

[0211] Insulating gasket and annular groove design: An insulating gasket is provided on the bottom surface of the terminal extension 223, and an annular groove is machined at the corresponding position on the top cover of the individual cell 21. The insulating gasket is embedded in the annular groove. The insulating gasket can effectively prevent abnormal current conduction, while the annular groove can position and protect the insulating gasket, ensuring that the insulating gasket is always in the correct position and performs its due insulation function during the operation of the battery assembly.

[0212] Terminal post 211 stepped structure design: As can be seen, a ring-shaped stepped structure is provided along the circumference of the terminal post 211. When installing the terminal post extension 223, the small-diameter end of the terminal post 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 225 of the terminal post extension 223, and the stepped surface acts as a limiting surface to support the terminal post extension 223. By designing the size and position of the stepped structure of the terminal post 211, the height of the terminal post extension 223 after installation can be controlled, thereby ensuring that a safe electrical conduction distance is always maintained between the bottom surface of the terminal post extension 223 and the top cover of the single cell 21. This effectively avoids various electrical safety problems caused by improper distance and provides a reliable guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the battery pack.

[0213] Since the stepped structure design of the pole post 211 does not require the introduction of an insulating pad, the stepped structure can be designed on the pole post 211. Therefore, the stepped structure design of the pole post 211 is preferred in this embodiment.

[0214] In specific design, when the height of the pole post 211 itself meets the requirement of directly creating an annular step structure, the annular step structure can be directly machined around the pole post 211. However, when the height of the pole post 211 does not meet the conditions for direct creation, an equivalent annular step structure can be formed by fixing a boss on the pole post 211.

[0215] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a conductive coating may be provided between the outer wall of the electrode post 211 and the mounting hole 225 of the electrode post extension 223. Metal coating materials (silver coating, copper coating, etc.), carbon-based coating materials (graphene coating, carbon nanotube coating, etc.), or conductive polymer coatings (polypyrrole coating, etc.) may be used.

[0216] The conductive coating possesses excellent conductivity, filling minute gaps and unevenness between the terminal post 211 and the mounting hole 225. This allows current to flow more smoothly through the contact interface, reducing resistance loss, improving battery charging and discharging efficiency, and enhancing the energy utilization of the battery system. Furthermore, the conductive coating effectively improves the electrical contact stability between the terminal post 211 and the terminal extension 223. During battery operation, complex conditions such as vibration and temperature changes can alter the contact state between the terminal post 211 and the terminal extension 223, affecting electrical connection stability. The conductive coating adheres tightly to the outer wall of the terminal post 211 and the inner wall of the mounting hole 225, maintaining good conductivity even under external forces. This ensures a consistently stable and reliable electrical connection, preventing current fluctuations and power outages caused by poor contact, thus providing strong support for the stable operation of the battery system. Additionally, during the installation of the terminal extension 223, relative friction may occur between the terminal post 211 and the terminal extension 223, leading to surface wear. The conductive coating has a certain degree of wear resistance, which can reduce this friction and wear to a certain extent, protect the surface integrity of the electrode post 211 and the electrode post extension 223, maintain good electrical connection and mechanical properties, and reduce the risk of failure caused by wear.

[0217] Example 5

[0218] This embodiment refines the fixing method between the pole extension 223 and the pole 211, based on embodiments 1, 2, and 3. Unlike embodiment 4, this embodiment uses through soldering to connect the pole extension 223 and the pole 211.

[0219] The structure of the pole extension 223 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 19 As shown, the pole extension 223 is provided with a recessed structure 226 that is recessed into the bottom of the pole extension 223 (the recessed structure 226 can be a blind hole or a through groove, etc.); this embodiment adopts a blind hole structure, and the hole is located at the center of the bottom of the first through groove 221.

[0220] like Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown, the bottom of the recessed structure 226 is connected to the terminal post 211 of the single cell 21 via through welding. To eliminate welding stress, a through hole can be opened at the bottom of the recessed structure 226. The diameter of this through hole is generally small and is determined according to the size of the terminal post 211 and the welding process. It can effectively release the stress generated during the welding process, prevent weld cracking or deformation of the connection due to stress concentration, and improve the reliability and stability of the connection.

[0221] Example 6

[0222] like Figure 22As shown, this is the battery assembly of this embodiment. Its structure differs from the battery assembly in the above embodiment in that the battery module 2 is the second type of battery module mentioned above.

[0223] Based on the battery module 2 in the above embodiment, an explosion venting channel 41 is added. The explosion venting channel 41 extends along the first direction and seals and covers the explosion venting ports of n individual batteries 21. When any individual battery 21 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged in an orderly manner through the explosion venting channel 41 for treatment, thereby improving the safety performance of this type of battery assembly.

[0224] Example 7

[0225] like Figure 23 As shown, this is the battery assembly of this embodiment. Its structure differs from the battery assembly in the above embodiment in that the battery module 2 is the third type of battery module mentioned above.

[0226] In this embodiment, the third type of battery module arranges 13 individual batteries 21 inside the housing 4, and each terminal extension 223 is located outside the housing 4. A heat exchanger 1 is fixed on the terminal extension 223 located on the same side. The structure of the heat exchanger 1, the structure of the terminal extension 223, the installation structure between the terminal extension 223 and the heat exchanger 1, the installation structure between the terminal extension 223 and the terminal 211, and the structure and installation method of the electrical connection plate 3 are all the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0227] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the bottom surface of the pole extension 223 and the top plate of the outer casing 4 maintain a safe electrical conductivity distance.

[0228] On the top plate of the outer casing 4, there is a boss extending in the x direction. An explosion venting channel 41 is opened on the boss. The explosion venting channel 41 covers the explosion vent of each individual battery 21. When any individual battery 21 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway fumes are discharged in an orderly manner through the explosion venting channel 41 to the explosion vent for treatment, thereby improving the safety performance of this type of battery module.

[0229] Example 8

[0230] In the third type of battery module, in order to ensure a smooth connection between the terminal extension 223 and the terminal 211, the opening size of the clearance hole 45 must be slightly larger than the cross-sectional size of the corresponding terminal 211. As a result, after the terminal extension is connected to the terminal 211, a certain gap exists between the clearance hole 45, the terminal 211, and the terminal extension. This gap may cause thermal runaway fumes to escape through this gap instead of being vented from the explosion vent of the casing 4 during thermal runaway. This not only further damages the structural integrity of the battery assembly itself, exacerbating the severity of thermal runaway, but also rapidly fills the surrounding environment with harmful fumes, posing a significant safety hazard to operators and surrounding facilities, and threatening life and property.

[0231] To overcome the above problems, this embodiment adopts the following method: the areas corresponding to the clearance holes 45 on the top plate of the outer casing 4 are sealed to the upper cover plate of the corresponding single battery cell 21 to achieve the sealing of the above gaps:

[0232] like Figure 23 As shown, the battery assembly in this embodiment also includes multiple hollow components 43, which are used to seal the top plate area of ​​the housing corresponding to the clearance hole 45 to the top cover plate of each individual battery 21. Specifically, each hollow component 43 is inserted into the clearance hole 45 and fitted around each terminal post 211. The bottom of the hollow component 43 is laser-welded to the first area of ​​the corresponding individual battery 21, and the top of the hollow component 43 is laser-welded to the second area of ​​the top plate of the housing 4. The first area is the area around any terminal post 211 in the top cover plate of any individual battery 21; the second area is the area corresponding to any clearance hole 45 on the top plate of the housing 4. The area corresponding to the clearance hole 45 can be the wall of the clearance hole 45 or the area around the clearance hole 45 on the top plate of the housing 4.

[0233] like Figure 23 As shown, in this embodiment, an annular plate 431 is provided on the inner bottom side of each hollow component 43. The annular plate 431 can be fixed to the inner bottom side of the hollow component 43 by welding, or it can be integrally formed on the bottom of the hollow component 43 by bending.

[0234] In use, the hollow component 43 with the annular plate 431 is first fitted onto the pole post 211 of the single cell 21, and then the annular plate 431 is welded to the upper cover plate of the single cell 21. In order to ensure the reliability and sealing of the welding between the hollow component 43 and the upper cover plate of the single cell 21, this embodiment uses laser welding. Then, the top of the hollow component 43 is welded to the area around the clearance hole 45 on the top plate of the outer casing 4.

[0235] Example 9

[0236] This embodiment is a battery pack, mainly composed of multiple battery components from any of the above embodiments. The heat exchange components 1 on each battery component are connected in a set manner to form a battery pack cooling system, which can realize temperature control at the entire battery pack level.

[0237] To improve the safety performance of battery packs, such as Figure 24 and 25 As shown, this embodiment also includes a packaging box 5, in which four battery modules are arranged along the y-direction. In practical applications, the number of battery modules can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs. Figure 24 Taking the battery assembly described in Example 6 as an example.

[0238] Each battery assembly has an explosion vent channel 41 leading out to the encapsulation box 5.

[0239] The explosion relief channel 41 can be drawn into a flue gas manifold and led out of the encapsulation box 5. This centralized lead-out method facilitates unified treatment of flue gas. Alternatively, each channel can be led out individually, which is suitable for application scenarios with special spatial layout requirements. The appropriate lead-out method can be selected according to actual needs.

[0240] Example 10

[0241] The battery assembly in this embodiment differs from the battery assembly in the above embodiment only in that it uses a heat exchanger 1 with a different structure.

[0242] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger body 11 is provided with two cooling channels 13, which are isolated from each other. The remaining structure of the heat exchanger 1 and the installation structure of the heat exchanger 1 and the battery module 2 are the same as those in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0243] like Figure 26 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the battery pack in this embodiment, taking the example of two cooling channels 13 on the heat exchanger body 11 in Embodiment 1. The battery pack contains four battery modules arranged along the y-direction. In practical applications, the number of battery modules can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs.

[0244] In this embodiment, for ease of description, the two cooling channels 13 on each heat exchanger 1 are defined as the liquid inlet channel 131 and the liquid outlet channel 132, respectively. The liquid inlet channels 131 of the four battery modules are connected end to end in sequence to form a total liquid inlet path; and the liquid outlet channels 132 are also connected in series in sequence to form a total liquid outlet path. The end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total liquid outlet path through an external pipe section, thus constructing a complete cooling circulation loop.

[0245] The specific cooling process is as follows: the cooling medium enters from the inlet end of the main inlet path, flows sequentially through the inlet channel 131 of each heat exchanger 1, then changes direction at the outer pipe section, and then flows sequentially through the outlet channel 132 of each heat exchanger 1, finally exiting from the outlet end of the main outlet path. Inside a single heat exchanger 1, the coolant achieves efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet channels 131 and outlet channels 132, ensuring that each polarity terminal 22 receives uniform heat dissipation. For all heat exchangers 1 in the entire battery pack, the temperature difference between the inlet channel 131 and the outlet channel 132 remains stable, effectively overcoming the problem of localized overheating or overcooling at both ends of the battery pack caused by the gradual temperature rise of the coolant during flow in traditional series cooling methods.

Claims

1. A battery assembly, characterized by: Includes the battery module and two heat exchangers; The battery module includes n individual batteries arranged along a first direction; where n is an integer greater than 1. The heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body and n electrical insulating components; the heat exchanger body is made of metal and has at least one cooling channel, which extends along the length of the heat exchanger body and passes through both ends of the heat exchanger body; the n electrical insulating components are spaced apart along the length of the heat exchanger body on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body. Two heat exchange components are arranged in parallel and extend along the first direction. In one heat exchange component, n electrical insulating components are connected one-to-one with the polar terminals on one side of n individual cells. In the other heat exchange component, n electrical insulating components are connected one-to-one with the polar terminals on the other side of n individual cells.

2. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein: The metal material is aluminum; the electrical insulation component is a ceramic tube segment; n ceramic tube segments are spaced apart and sleeved on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body along the length of the heat exchanger body.

3. The battery assembly of claim 2, wherein: A thermally conductive adhesive layer is provided between the contact surfaces of each ceramic tube section and the heat exchanger body.

4. The battery assembly of claim 2, wherein: Each ceramic tube section is integrated with the heat exchanger body as a single unit.

5. The battery assembly of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: A first through slot extending in a first direction is formed on the polar terminal; In one heat exchanger, n electrical insulating components are respectively fitted into the first through slots of n polarity terminals on one side; in the other heat exchanger, n electrical insulating components are respectively fitted into the first through slots of n polarity terminals on the other side.

6. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein: In the first direction, the size of each electrical insulator is larger than the size of the corresponding polarity terminal, and the two ends of the electrical insulator extend out of the first through slot on the polarity terminal.

7. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein: A flexible heat-conducting layer is provided between the outer wall of the electrical insulation component and the inner wall of the first through groove.

8. The battery assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flexible thermally conductive layer is a silicone sleeve fitted onto the outer wall of the electrical insulating component.

9. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein: It also includes multiple electrical connection boards; Each electrical connection plate has its two ends connected to the open end of the first through slot on the different polarity terminals of two adjacent individual cells, thereby realizing the series connection of multiple individual cells.

10. The battery assembly of claim 9, wherein: The electrical connection plate is provided with a second through groove extending along its length, wherein the inner surface of the second through groove is pressed into contact with the outer wall of each electrical insulating component.

11. The battery assembly of claim 10, wherein: The electrical connection plate is provided with a welding part; the welding part is the top surface of the electrical connection plate; the top surface of the electrical connection plate is flush with the top end face of the side wall of the first through groove, and welding is performed at the joint between the two.

12. The battery assembly of claim 11, wherein: The outer side wall of the electrical connection plate is provided with a first inclined surface at the edge where it intersects with the top surface; The inner wall of the first through groove of the polar terminal is provided with a second inclined surface that matches the first inclined surface; The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are arranged opposite to each other, forming a welding area with a V-shaped cross-section between them.

13. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein: The polarity terminal includes a pole and a pole extension fixed on the pole; the pole extension includes a pole extension body, the top of the pole extension body being higher than the top of the pole; the first through slot is formed on the pole extension body.

14. The battery assembly of claim 13, wherein: The pole extension body has a mounting hole that vertically penetrates the bottom of the first through groove; a part of the pole structure is inserted into the mounting hole, and the annular area at the edge of the hole at the bottom of the first through groove serves as a welding surface, which is then welded and fixed to the top end face of the pole.

15. The battery assembly of claim 14, wherein: The mounting hole is a stepped through hole, with the inner diameter of the large-diameter section being larger than the outer diameter of the pole post, forming a welding cavity; the inner diameter of the small-diameter section matches the outer diameter of the pole post; part of the pole post structure is inserted into the small-diameter section, and the top end face of the pole post is flush with the bottom of the hole in the large-diameter section. The bottom of the large-diameter section serves as the welding surface, which is welded to the top end face of the pole post, and the depth of the large-diameter section is greater than or equal to the weld height.

16. The battery assembly of claim 13, wherein: The electrode extension has a recessed structure; the bottom of the recessed structure and the single battery electrode are connected by through welding.

17. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein: The battery module also includes an explosion venting channel; the explosion venting channel extends along a first direction and seals over the explosion venting ports of n individual batteries.

18. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein: The battery module also includes a housing with an explosion vent; n individual batteries are arranged in the housing along a first direction; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery; the polarity terminals of each individual battery extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual battery. The outer shell is provided with an explosion relief channel that communicates with the explosion relief port, and the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged in an orderly manner from the explosion relief port through the explosion relief channel; Two heat exchange components are located outside the housing, and each electrical insulation component is connected to the part of the corresponding polarity terminal that extends out of the clearance hole.

19. The battery assembly of claim 18, wherein: The battery module also includes 2n hollow components; the 2n hollow components pass through the clearance holes and are fitted around each terminal post, the bottom of the hollow component is laser welded to the first area of ​​the corresponding single cell, and the top of the hollow component is laser welded to the second area of ​​the outer shell top plate. The first region is the region surrounding any electrode post in the upper cover plate of any of the individual cells; The second region is the area corresponding to any one of the clearance holes on the top plate of the outer casing.

20. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein: The cooling channel consists of two channels, which are isolated from each other; one cooling channel is the liquid inlet channel, and the other cooling channel is the liquid outlet channel.

21. A battery pack, characterized by: It includes multiple battery components as described in any one of claims 1 to 20; the heat exchange components on each battery component are interconnected to form a battery pack liquid circuit system to realize battery pack heat exchange.

22. The battery pack of claim 21, wherein: It also includes a packaging box; multiple battery modules are located inside the packaging box; and the outlet end of the explosion venting channel in each battery module leads out of the packaging box.

23. The battery pack of claim 21 or 22, wherein: The liquid inlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total liquid inlet path; the liquid outlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total liquid outlet path; the end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total liquid outlet path through an external pipe section. After the coolant enters the inlet end of the main inlet path, it flows through the inlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and then through the outer pipe section, it flows through the outlet channel of each heat exchanger in sequence, and flows out from the outlet end of the main outlet path.

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