Multi-stage voltage regulator power supply system with wide input voltage

Abstract

This utility model discloses a multi-stage regulated power supply system with wide input voltage, relating to the field of vehicle power supply technology. It includes: an input protection unit, whose input terminal is connected to the vehicle power supply to prevent reverse polarity and outputting an input voltage with a range of 8V-60V; a high-voltage regulator unit, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the input protection unit to convert the input voltage to a 12V output; a medium-voltage regulator unit, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the high-voltage regulator unit to convert the 12V voltage to a 5V output; and a low-voltage regulator unit, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the medium-voltage regulator unit to convert the 5V voltage to a 3.3V output. This system helps solve the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously output multiple standard voltages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle power supply technology, and in particular to a multi-stage regulated power supply system with wide voltage input. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of in-vehicle electronic systems, the vehicle power supply environment is becoming increasingly complex. On the one hand, vehicle power supply voltage fluctuates significantly, with 12V and 24V systems coexisting, and the voltage range far exceeds the adaptability of traditional power supplies; on the other hand, the input range of traditional conversion circuits is usually less than 36V, making it difficult to cope with wide voltage input scenarios.

[0003] Meanwhile, the existing multi-stage voltage conversion efficiency is generally below 80%, resulting in a large amount of power loss. It is also unable to output multiple standard voltages at the same time, making it difficult to meet the diverse power needs of vehicle equipment. In addition, when a large current output is required, the stability of traditional power supplies is insufficient, and problems such as voltage fluctuations and increased ripple are prone to occur, which seriously affect the normal operation and service life of vehicle electronic equipment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-stage regulated power supply system that can adapt to a wide range of input voltages and simultaneously output multiple standard voltages. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-stage regulated power supply system with wide voltage input, which can adapt to wide voltage input and can simultaneously output multiple standard voltages.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system includes:

[0008] An input protection unit is provided, the input terminal of which is connected to the vehicle power supply to prevent the positive and negative terminals of the vehicle power supply from being reversed, and to output an input voltage with a range of 8V-60V.

[0009] A high-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the input protection unit, is used to convert the input voltage into a 12V voltage output;

[0010] A medium-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the high-voltage regulator unit, is used to convert the 12V voltage to a 5V voltage output;

[0011] A low-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the medium-voltage regulator unit, is used to convert the 5V voltage into a 3.3V voltage output.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows:

[0013] Optionally, the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system further includes an input filtering unit;

[0014] The input filtering unit is connected to the input terminals of the high voltage regulator unit, the medium voltage regulator unit, and the low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the input voltage, 12V voltage, and 5V voltage.

[0015] Optionally, the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system further includes an output filtering unit;

[0016] The output filtering unit includes output terminals connected to the high voltage regulator unit, medium voltage regulator unit, and low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the 12V, 5V, and 3.3V voltages.

[0017] Optionally, the input protection unit includes a first reverse connection protection diode and a second reverse connection protection diode connected in series in the input vehicle power path;

[0018] If the power supply polarity is reversed, the first reverse polarity protection diode and the second reverse polarity protection diode prevent reverse current from entering the circuit.

[0019] Optionally, the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system further includes a compensation unit, which includes a capacitor and a resistor, for stabilizing the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip.

[0020] Optionally, the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system further includes an external inductor;

[0021] The external inductor is used to store energy when the switching transistor is turned on and to release energy when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

[0022] Optionally, the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system further includes a freewheeling diode;

[0023] The freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel with the external inductor, providing a freewheeling circuit for the external inductor when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

[0024] Optionally, the high-voltage regulator unit includes a first power conversion chip, which includes a BOOT pin, a VIN pin, an EN pin, an RT / CLK pin, an FB pin, a COMP pin, a GND pin, an SW pin, and an EP pin.

[0025] The BOOT pin is connected to the SW pin through an external capacitor to form a bootstrap circuit, which is used to provide drive voltage for the high-side power transistor inside the first power conversion chip.

[0026] The VIN pin is used to receive the input voltage output by the input filtering unit;

[0027] The EN pin is used to control the power conversion chip to turn on and off;

[0028] The RT / CLK pin is used to set the operating frequency of the first power conversion chip.

[0029] The FB pin is used to feed back the voltage output by the high voltage regulator unit to the first power conversion chip;

[0030] The COMP pin is connected to the compensation unit and is used to stabilize the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip.

[0031] The GND pin is used to provide a reference potential for the first power conversion chip;

[0032] The SW pin connects the internal switching transistor of the chip and the external inductor to achieve voltage conversion.

[0033] The EP pin is used to dissipate heat from the first power conversion chip.

[0034] Optionally, the medium-voltage regulator unit includes a second power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, a VIN pin, and a TAB pin.

[0035] The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the second power conversion chip outputs a stable 5V voltage.

[0036] The VOUT pin is used to output the 5V voltage after conversion by the medium voltage regulator unit;

[0037] The VIN pin is used to connect to the 12V voltage output from the high-voltage regulator unit;

[0038] The TAB pin is used for chip heat dissipation.

[0039] Optionally, the low-voltage regulator unit includes a third power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, and a VIN pin.

[0040] The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the third power conversion chip outputs a stable 3.3V voltage;

[0041] The VOUT pin is used to output the 3.3V voltage after conversion by the low-voltage regulator unit;

[0042] The VIN pin is used to connect to the 5V voltage output from the medium-voltage regulator unit.

[0043] This utility model has the following advantages:

[0044] This utility model relates to a multi-stage voltage regulator system with a wide input voltage range. The input protection unit can be connected to a vehicle power supply of 8V-60V, solving the problem of large voltage fluctuations in vehicle power supply. It also has a reverse connection protection function to prevent damage to circuit components due to reverse polarity connection, thus improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0045] This utility model relates to a multi-stage regulated power supply system with a wide input voltage range. Through high-voltage, medium-voltage, and low-voltage regulated units, the input voltage is sequentially converted to 12V, 5V, and 3.3V, respectively. It can provide multiple standard voltages simultaneously to meet the diverse power needs of vehicle electronic devices. Each regulated unit can stably output the corresponding voltage, ensuring stability under high current output and ensuring normal operation of the equipment.

[0046] This invention relates to a multi-stage regulated power supply system with a wide voltage input range. The multi-stage voltage regulation design can specifically optimize the voltage conversion efficiency of each stage. Compared with the problem of low conversion efficiency (<80%) of traditional multi-stage systems, this invention achieves a conversion efficiency of >92% through reasonable circuit design and component selection. Attached Figure Description

[0047] For illustrative and not limiting purposes, the present invention will now be described in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main components of the wide voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system in the embodiments of this utility model;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit that converts the input voltage to 12V in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit that converts 12V voltage to 5V voltage in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram illustrating the conversion of 5V voltage to 3.3V voltage in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this utility model described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0054] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of this utility model and the features thereof can be combined with each other. The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main components of the wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 As shown, the wide voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system 1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes an input protection unit 10, a high voltage regulated unit 20, a medium voltage regulated unit 30, and a low voltage regulated unit 40.

[0056] Input protection unit 10, the input terminal of which is connected to the vehicle power supply to prevent the positive and negative terminals of the vehicle power supply from being reversed, and outputs an input voltage with a range of 8V-60V;

[0057] A high-voltage regulator unit 20, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the input protection unit, is used to convert the input voltage into a 12V voltage output;

[0058] Medium voltage regulator unit 30, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the high voltage regulator unit, is used to convert the 12V voltage to 5V voltage output;

[0059] The low-voltage regulator unit 40 has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the medium-voltage regulator unit, and is used to convert the 5V voltage into a 3.3V voltage output.

[0060] The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an input filtering unit;

[0061] The input filtering unit is connected to the input terminals of the high voltage regulator unit, the medium voltage regulator unit, and the low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the input voltage, 12V voltage, and 5V voltage.

[0062] The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an output filtering unit;

[0063] The output filtering unit includes output terminals connected to the high voltage regulator unit, medium voltage regulator unit, and low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the 12V, 5V, and 3.3V voltages.

[0064] The input protection unit includes a first reverse connection protection diode and a second reverse connection protection diode connected in series in the input vehicle power path;

[0065] If the power supply polarity is reversed, the first reverse polarity protection diode and the second reverse polarity protection diode prevent reverse current from entering the circuit.

[0066] The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes a compensation unit, which includes a capacitor and a resistor, for stabilizing the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip.

[0067] The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an external inductor;

[0068] The external inductor is used to store energy when the switching transistor is turned on and to release energy when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

[0069] The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes a freewheeling diode;

[0070] The freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel with the external inductor, providing a freewheeling circuit for the external inductor when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

[0071] The high-voltage regulator unit includes a first power conversion chip, which includes a BOOT pin, a VIN pin, an EN pin, an RT / CLK pin, an FB pin, a COMP pin, a GND pin, an SW pin, and an EP pin.

[0072] The BOOT pin is connected to the SW pin through an external capacitor to form a bootstrap circuit, which is used to provide drive voltage for the high-side power transistor inside the first power conversion chip.

[0073] The VIN pin is used to receive the input voltage output by the input filtering unit;

[0074] The EN pin is used to control the power conversion chip to turn on and off;

[0075] The RT / CLK pin is used to set the operating frequency of the first power conversion chip.

[0076] The FB pin is used to feed back the voltage output by the high voltage regulator unit to the first power conversion chip;

[0077] The COMP pin is connected to the compensation unit and is used to stabilize the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip.

[0078] The GND pin is used to provide a reference potential for the first power conversion chip;

[0079] The SW pin connects the internal switching transistor of the chip and the external inductor to achieve voltage conversion.

[0080] The EP pin is used to dissipate heat from the first power conversion chip.

[0081] The medium-voltage regulator unit includes a second power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, a VIN pin, and a TAB pin.

[0082] The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the second power conversion chip outputs a stable 5V voltage.

[0083] The VOUT pin is used to output the 5V voltage after conversion by the medium voltage regulator unit;

[0084] The VIN pin is used to connect to the 12V voltage output from the high-voltage regulator unit;

[0085] The TAB pin is used for chip heat dissipation.

[0086] The low-voltage regulator unit includes a third power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, and a VIN pin.

[0087] The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the third power conversion chip outputs a stable 3.3V voltage;

[0088] The VOUT pin is used to output the 3.3V voltage after conversion by the low-voltage regulator unit;

[0089] The VIN pin is used to connect to the 5V voltage output from the medium-voltage regulator unit.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a power conversion circuit that converts input voltage to 12V. The following is an explanation of the components and their functions:

[0091] D62 and D63 are reverse polarity protection diodes to prevent the input power supply VIN from being connected in reverse, thus protecting subsequent circuit components.

[0092] C160, C163, C169, C164, and C162 form the input filter unit, which plays a filtering role, removing high-frequency and low-frequency interference signals from the input voltage, making the voltage input to subsequent circuits more stable and pure.

[0093] Power conversion chip section (U75):

[0094] BOOT pin: Connected to SW pin via external capacitor C166 to form a bootstrap circuit, providing drive voltage for the high-side power transistor inside the chip.

[0095] VIN pin: Receives input voltage.

[0096] EN pin: Connected to relevant control signals via resistor R206, used to control the chip's power-on and power-off states.

[0097] RT / CLK pin: Sets the chip's operating frequency via resistor R211.

[0098] FB pin: Connects to the feedback circuit (composed of R207 and R208) to feed the output voltage back to the chip for stabilizing the output voltage.

[0099] COMP pin: Connects to the compensation circuit (C169, R212, C170) to stabilize the internal feedback loop of the chip.

[0100] GND pin: Grounded, providing a reference potential for the chip.

[0101] SW pin: Connects the internal switching transistor and inductor L8 of the chip to realize energy storage and release during the voltage conversion process.

[0102] EP pin: Used for chip heat dissipation, usually soldered on a large copper-clad area of ​​the PCB.

[0103] The external inductor L8 stores energy when the switching transistor is turned on and releases energy when the switching transistor is turned off, working in conjunction with the capacitor to stabilize the output voltage.

[0104] The freewheeling diode D64 provides a freewheeling path for the external inductor L8 when the switching transistor is turned off, thus protecting the circuit components.

[0105] R207 and R208 form a feedback voltage divider circuit, which feeds back the output 12V voltage to the FB pin of chip U75.

[0106] C167, C168, and C161 form the output filter unit, which further filters and reduces the ripple of the output voltage, making the output 12V voltage smoother and more stable.

[0107] Figure 3 This is a 12V to 5V power conversion circuit. The following is an explanation of the components and their functions:

[0108] Power conversion chip (U76);

[0109] TAB pin (pin 4): The heat dissipation pad of the chip, which is usually soldered to a large heat dissipation area of ​​the PCB to help the chip dissipate heat during operation and prevent overheating from affecting performance and lifespan.

[0110] VIN pin (pin 3): Connects to a 12V input voltage to provide the power required for the chip to operate.

[0111] VOUT pin (pin 2): Outputs the converted 5V voltage to power the subsequent load.

[0112] ADJ / GND pin (pin 1): This pin is grounded to ensure a stable 5V output voltage from the chip. If the chip has an adjustable output function, this pin can be used with external circuitry to adjust the output voltage, but in this circuit, it mainly serves to ground and stabilize the output.

[0113] C172: Connected between the 12V input power supply and ground, it acts as a filter to remove high-frequency and low-frequency interference signals from the 12V input voltage, making the voltage input to the chip cleaner and more stable.

[0114] C171: Connected between the 5V output terminal and ground, it further filters and reduces the ripple of the 5V output voltage, making the output 5V voltage smoother and more stable, providing high-quality power to the load.

[0115] Figure 4 This is a 5V to 3.3V power conversion circuit. The following is an explanation of the components and their functions:

[0116] Power conversion chip (U74);

[0117] VIN pin (pin 3): Connects to a 12V input voltage to provide power for the chip to operate.

[0118] VOUT pin (pin 2): Outputs the converted 3.3V voltage to power subsequent circuits or loads.

[0119] ADJ / GND pin (pin 1): Grounded, it stabilizes the chip's output voltage. If the chip supports output voltage adjustment, this pin can be used with external circuitry to change the output voltage value. In this circuit, it mainly serves as a grounding stabilizer.

[0120] C159: Connected between the 3.3V output terminal and ground, it is used to filter out ripple in the output voltage, making the 3.3V output voltage smoother and more stable, and providing high-quality power to the load.

[0121] C160: Connected between the 12V input power supply and ground, it acts as a filter to remove interference signals from the 12V input voltage, making the voltage input to the chip cleaner.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various storage media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0123] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage voltage regulator power supply system with wide input voltage, characterized by, include: An input protection unit is provided, the input terminal of which is connected to the vehicle power supply to prevent the positive and negative terminals of the vehicle power supply from being reversed, and to output an input voltage with a range of 8V-60V. A high-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the input protection unit, is used to convert the input voltage into a 12V voltage output; A medium-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the high-voltage regulator unit, is used to convert the 12V voltage to a 5V voltage output; A low-voltage regulator unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the medium-voltage regulator unit, is used to convert the 5V voltage into a 3.3V voltage output.

2. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 1, wherein, The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an input filtering unit; The input filtering unit is connected to the input terminals of the high voltage regulator unit, the medium voltage regulator unit, and the low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the input voltage, 12V voltage, and 5V voltage.

3. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 2, wherein, The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an output filtering unit; The output filtering unit includes output terminals connected to the high voltage regulator unit, medium voltage regulator unit, and low voltage regulator unit, respectively, and is used to filter out interference signals in the 12V, 5V, and 3.3V voltages.

4. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 1, wherein, The input protection unit includes a first reverse connection protection diode and a second reverse connection protection diode connected in series in the input vehicle power path; If the power supply polarity is reversed, the first reverse polarity protection diode and the second reverse polarity protection diode prevent reverse current from entering the circuit.

5. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 3, wherein, The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes a compensation unit, which includes a capacitor and a resistor, for stabilizing the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip.

6. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 5, wherein, The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes an external inductor; The external inductor is used to store energy when the switching transistor is turned on and to release energy when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

7. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 6, wherein, The wide-voltage input multi-stage regulated power supply system also includes a freewheeling diode; The freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel with the external inductor, providing a freewheeling circuit for the external inductor when the switching transistor of the first power conversion chip is turned off.

8. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 7, wherein, The high-voltage regulator unit includes a first power conversion chip, which includes a BOOT pin, a VIN pin, an EN pin, an RT / CLK pin, an FB pin, a COMP pin, a GND pin, an SW pin, and an EP pin. The BOOT pin is connected to the SW pin through an external capacitor to form a bootstrap circuit, which is used to provide drive voltage for the high-side power transistor inside the first power conversion chip. The VIN pin is used to receive the input voltage output by the input filtering unit; The EN pin is used to control the power conversion chip to turn on and off; The RT / CLK pin is used to set the operating frequency of the first power conversion chip. The FB pin is used to feed back the voltage output by the high voltage regulator unit to the first power conversion chip. The COMP pin is connected to the compensation unit and is used to stabilize the internal feedback loop of the first power conversion chip. The GND pin is used to provide a reference potential for the first power conversion chip; The SW pin connects the internal switching transistor of the chip and the external inductor to achieve voltage conversion. The EP pin is used to dissipate heat from the first power conversion chip.

9. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 8, wherein, The medium-voltage regulator unit includes a second power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, a VIN pin, and a TAB pin. The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the second power conversion chip outputs a stable 5V voltage. The VOUT pin is used to output the 5V voltage after conversion by the medium voltage regulator unit; The VIN pin is used to connect to the 12V voltage output from the high-voltage regulator unit; The TAB pin is used for chip heat dissipation.

10. The multi-level voltage regulator system of claim 9, wherein, The low-voltage regulator unit includes a third power conversion chip, which includes an ADJ / GND pin, a VOUT pin, and a VIN pin. The ADJ / GND pin is used to ensure that the third power conversion chip outputs a stable 3.3V voltage; The VOUT pin is used to output the 3.3V voltage after conversion by the low-voltage regulator unit; The VIN pin is used to connect to the 5V voltage output from the medium-voltage regulator unit.

Images