Vehicle unloading device

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle unloading device belongs to compartment freight loading and unloading technical field is used for solving the technical problem that the size of goods compartment is long, cannot or very difficultly borrow external mechanical device and carries out the technology problem of loading and unloading. Including: guide rail, guide rail is laid in the floor of car compartment, sliding plate, sliding plate sliding installation is in guide rail and first telescopic power source, the casing and telescopic axle of first telescopic power source are connected to floor and sliding plate respectively, are used for driving sliding plate reciprocating movement relative to floor. Have for large -scale transport car provides automatic unloading function, promote the effect of unloading efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cargo loading and unloading technology, specifically to a vehicle unloading device. Background Technology

[0002] In the logistics and transportation sector, large vans play a crucial role in scenarios such as bulk grain transportation and specialized cargo transshipment due to their large loading capacity and versatility. These vehicles are equipped with integrated hydraulic lifting mechanisms to meet loading and unloading needs. As the logistics industry increasingly demands faster delivery times and lower costs, optimizing the unloading efficiency of large-sized vans has become a key area for technological improvement.

[0003] The existing unloading methods for large box trucks have significant limitations. Taking bulk grain transport trucks and box dump trucks as examples, although hydraulic lifting mechanisms can achieve tilting unloading of the cargo box, when the cargo box is long, the goods still require manual assistance to clear, resulting in a time-consuming and labor-intensive unloading process. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model proposes a vehicle unloading device to solve the technical problem that the cargo box is long and it is impossible or difficult to use external mechanical devices for loading and unloading.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is: a vehicle unloading device, comprising:

[0006] Guide rails, which are laid on the floor inside the carriage;

[0007] A skateboard, which is slidably mounted on the guide rail;

[0008] And a first telescopic power source, wherein the housing and telescopic shaft of the first telescopic power source are respectively connected to the floor and the slide plate, for driving the slide plate to reciprocate relative to the floor.

[0009] Optionally, the guide rail and the first telescopic power source are arranged along the width direction of the carriage.

[0010] Optionally, the guide rail and the first telescopic power source are arranged along the length of the carriage. The guide rail includes at least a first guide rail and a second guide rail located on both sides of the carriage width direction. The two sides of the slide plate in the width direction are respectively slidably engaged with the first guide rail and the second guide rail. The first telescopic power source is located in the space between the carriage floor and the slide plate.

[0011] Optionally, the bottom of the skateboard is provided with a roller seat, the roller seat is equipped with a roller, and the wheel surface of the roller contacts the floor of the carriage; or, the floor of the carriage is provided with a roller seat, the roller seat is equipped with a roller, and the wheel surface of the roller contacts the bottom of the skateboard.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a scraper and a scraping power mechanism; the bottom surface of the scraper slides in contact with the slide plate, and the bottom of the side end of the scraper is slidably mounted on the guide rail; the scraping power mechanism can drive the scraper to slide along the guide rail.

[0013] Optionally, the scraping power mechanism is a scissor-type telescopic mechanism, with its two ends respectively installed at the front of the scraper and the head of the carriage; or, the scraping power mechanism includes a winch, pulleys, a forward cable, and a backward cable, with the winch located at the head of the carriage, one end of the forward cable connected to the front of the scraper and then wound onto the winch, and one end of the backward cable connected to the rear of the scraper and then pulled to the rear of the carriage. After being reversed by the pulley, the cable returns to the head of the carriage and is wound onto the winch; the forward and backward cables are wound in opposite directions on the winch.

[0014] Optionally, a clamping mechanism is provided on the front side of the scraper, which can open and retract along the width direction of the carriage; the clamping mechanism includes two second telescopic power sources arranged back to back, the housing of the second telescopic power sources is fixed to the scraper, and a friction body is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft facing the side wall of the carriage.

[0015] Optionally, the guide rail is provided with a groove on the side facing the middle of the carriage, and the slide plate is slidably disposed in the groove.

[0016] Optionally, the top of the guide rail is inclined and the side facing the middle of the carriage is lower than the outside, and the lower and side parts of the scraper are in sliding contact with the carriage and the guide rail; or, the bottom of the scraper facing the rear of the carriage is provided with a scraper structure.

[0017] Optionally, pulleys are provided at the four corners on both sides of the carriage. On the same side, the forward cable is connected to the bottom front of the scraper, passes through the lower front pulley of the carriage, and is wound onto the winch. The rear cable is connected to the bottom rear of the scraper, passes through the lower rear pulley, the upper rear pulley, and the upper front pulley of the carriage, and is wound onto the winch.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0019] This vehicle unloading device cleverly utilizes the design of floor guide rails and sliding plates within the cargo compartment. A first telescopic power source drives the sliding plates to reciprocate, creating vibrations. This vibration, combined with the tilting of the cargo compartment, causes the cargo to accelerate its descent under the combined effects of gravity and mechanical vibration, achieving active unloading. For stacked cargo that is difficult to unload by gravity alone, the thrust generated by the directional movement of the sliding plates ensures the cargo is completely pushed out of the cargo compartment. This device overcomes the reliance on external machinery for long cargo compartments, significantly improving unloading efficiency and reducing labor costs through integrated design, providing a highly efficient and reliable automated unloading solution for large transport vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of section AA.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the BB section.

[0024] Figure 4 A diagram showing the setup for the roller.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a scissor-type telescopic mechanism.

[0026] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: First guide rail 1, Second guide rail 2, Floor 3, Slide plate 4, Roller 41, First telescopic power source 5, Scraper 6, Scraper structure 61, Scraping power mechanism #7, Scissor telescopic mechanism 71, Winch 72, Pulley 73, Forward cable 74, Reverse cable 75, Clamping mechanism 8, Second telescopic power source 81. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains.

[0029] For vehicle unloading equipment, please refer to the appendix. Figures 1 to 4 One possible implementation method is as follows:

[0030] Guide rails are laid on the floor 3 inside the carriage;

[0031] Slide 4, slides on the guide rail;

[0032] And a first telescopic power source 5, the housing and telescopic shaft of the first telescopic power source 5 are respectively connected to the floor 3 and the slide plate 4, and are used to drive the slide plate 4 to move back and forth relative to the floor 3. The first telescopic power source can be an electric or pneumatic telescopic cylinder.

[0033] Depending on the specific vehicle, there may be two specific settings.

[0034] The first type is suitable for side-dump trucks. Side-dump trucks are specialized dump vehicles equipped with hydraulic lifting mechanisms. Their cargo boxes have openable side panels (one or both sides). During unloading, the hydraulic system tilts and lifts the entire cargo box to one side, simultaneously opening the side panels. The cargo slides out of the cargo box primarily due to its own weight. This method is particularly suitable for transporting bulk materials (such as sand, coal, and grain), featuring fast unloading speed, good site adaptability (lower requirements for rear space compared to rear-dump trucks), and effective labor savings. In one possible implementation, the guide rails and the first telescopic power source 5 are arranged along the width of the cargo box. During unloading, the hydraulic lifting mechanism first tilts the cargo box to one side, and then the first telescopic power source drives the sliding plate to reciprocate along the tilt direction (lateral tilt). This design creates a vibration-like motion pattern on the sliding plate, and under inertia, the cargo and the sliding plate tend to move relative to each other, enhancing cargo flowability and effectively promoting material sliding out of the cargo box from the tilted side, significantly improving unloading efficiency and thoroughness.

[0035] The second type is applicable to rear-dump trucks. In one possible implementation, see Appendix. Figure 1 The guide rails and the first telescopic power source 5 are arranged along the length of the carriage. The guide rails include at least a first guide rail 1 and a second guide rail 2 located on both sides in the width direction of the carriage. The two sides of the slide plate 4 in the width direction slide in cooperation with the first guide rail 1 and the second guide rail 2 respectively. The first telescopic power source 5 (multiple sets can be provided) is located in the space between the carriage floor 3 and the slide plate 4. See reference. Figure 5 .

[0036] Although side-dump and rear-dump trucks differ in the direction of their guide rail arrangement (width and length, respectively), the working principle of the first telescopic power source 5 driving the sliding plate 4 is exactly the same for both, facilitating cargo unloading through reciprocating motion. Taking the rear-dump truck as an example, to ensure that the sliding plate 4 has sufficient space to move forward and backward, its length needs to be shorter than the length of the cargo box. Initially, the sliding plate 4 can be moved towards the front of the truck, while the rear part of the cargo box is directly exposed on the cargo box floor, without affecting the loading and unloading of goods.

[0037] Furthermore, in one possible implementation, see Appendix Figure 2 The bottom of the slide plate 4 is provided with a roller seat, and the roller seat is equipped with a roller 41. The wheel surface of the roller 41 contacts the carriage floor 3; or, the carriage floor 3 is provided with a roller seat, and the roller seat is equipped with a roller 41. The wheel surface of the roller 41 contacts the bottom of the slide plate 4. In the above embodiments, the roller 41 is used to bear the main load, and the slide rail is only used as a guide to reduce sliding friction and ensure smooth sliding.

[0038] In one possible implementation, see Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 4 It also includes a scraper 6 and a scraping power mechanism; the bottom surface of the scraper 6 slides in contact with the slide plate 4, and the bottom side of the scraper 6 is slidably mounted on the guide rail; the scraping power mechanism can drive the scraper 6 to slide along the guide rail. The bottom of the scraper 6 has a certain thickness to ensure smooth movement. The bottom is constrained by the slide plate 4, and the corners on both sides of the bottom are constrained by the guide rail, so the scraper 6 can only slide along the length of the car body. To increase stability, guide rails can also be set in the middle and top of the car body to guide and limit the scraper 6, which can be mutually engaged by grooves and protrusions.

[0039] In the above embodiments, when the tilting of the cargo box combined with the reciprocating shaking of the sliding plate 4 still fails to completely unload the goods (especially for bulk materials that are highly viscous or prone to caking), the scraper 6 can slide directionally along the guide rail, and its bottom edge can effectively scrape off the residual materials remaining on the surface of the sliding plate 4. In actual operation, the scraping action of the scraper 6 is usually arranged after the tilting of the cargo box and the shaking of the sliding plate: first, the cargo box is tilted by hydraulic lifting, and most of the goods are unloaded by gravity; then, the reciprocating motion of the sliding plate 4 is started to shake off the attached materials; finally, the scraper 6 is driven to move along the length of the cargo box, and its bottom close contact with the sliding plate 4 can thoroughly remove the residual goods on the surface of the sliding plate. This three-stage unloading mechanism (gravity tilting + vibration assistance + mechanical scraping) significantly improves the thoroughness of unloading and is particularly suitable for handling bulk materials that are prone to residue.

[0040] To achieve the movement of the scraper 6, in one possible implementation, refer to the appendix. Figure 5 The scraping power mechanism is a scissor-type telescopic mechanism 71, with its two ends installed at the front of the scraper 6 and the front end of the carriage, respectively. Note that the front end / front side of the scraper 6 is relative to the carriage; the end closer to the front of the carriage is considered the front, and the other side is considered the rear. The scissor-type telescopic mechanism 71 is a mature mechanical transmission device that can be purchased and installed as a finished product. Its working principle is based on multiple cross-arranged connecting rods connected to each other through hinge points to form a telescopic scissor structure. When a power source such as a hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod acts on the scissor joint, the entire mechanism can achieve smooth longitudinal telescopic movement, featuring a compact structure, strong load-bearing capacity, and good movement stability. In this invention, this mechanism is innovatively integrated into the unloading device. Through its unique parallel telescopic characteristics, it can provide stable linear drive for the scraper 6 within a limited space, ensuring the normal operation of the scraping operation.

[0041] However, for trucks with long cargo boxes, the scissor lift mechanism 71 may not be sufficient. Therefore, this solution also provides an alternative method. For details, please refer to... Figure 1The scraping power mechanism includes a winch 72, a pulley 73, a forward cable 74, and a backward cable 75. The winch 72 is located at the front end of the carriage. One end of the forward cable 74 is connected to the front side of the scraper 6 and then wound onto the winch 72. One end of the backward cable 75 is connected to the rear side of the scraper 6 and then pulled to the rear end of the carriage. After being reversed by the pulley 73, it returns to the front end of the carriage and is wound onto the winch 72. The forward cable 74 and the backward cable 75 are wound in opposite directions on the winch 72. When the winch 72 rotates, one cable is tightened and the other is loosened. The two cables are located at the front and rear sides of the scraper 6, respectively. Because the rotation direction of the winch 72 can be controlled, the force and sliding direction of the scraper 6 can be controlled.

[0042] To improve the stability of the pulling process, a further design includes pulleys 73 at each of the four corners on both sides of the carriage. On the same side, a forward-moving cable 74 is connected to the bottom front of the scraper 6, passes through the lower front pulley 73 of the carriage, and is wound onto the winch 72. A backward-moving cable 75 is connected to the bottom rear of the scraper 6, passes through the lower rear pulley 73, the upper rear pulley 73, and the upper front pulley 73 of the carriage, and is wound onto the winch 72. The winch 72 can use the same motor, connected to a reducer, with output shafts on both sides extending to both sides of the carriage, each connecting to one of the two sets of cables.

[0043] When the scraper 6 needs to be moved, the winch 72 rotates under the drive of a motor. Since the forward and backward cables 74 are wound in opposite directions on the winch 72, as the winch 72 rotates, one cable tightens while the other simultaneously loosens. For example, when the winch 72 rotates clockwise, the forward cable 74 is wound tight, pulling the scraper 6 forward; simultaneously, the backward cable 75 is released, ensuring the scraper 6 moves forward smoothly. Conversely, when the winch 72 rotates counterclockwise, the backward cable 75 tightens while the forward cable 74 loosens, causing the scraper 6 to slide backward. Through the reversing arrangement of the pulleys 73, the cables are always pulled in the direction of force on the scraper 6, ensuring stable and reliable scraping action. This scheme uses a winch-pulley-cable transmission system, which, compared to a scissor-type telescopic mechanism, can better adapt to the scraping needs of extra-long cargo boxes. Its advantages are: (1) The cable drive is not limited by the length of the cargo box and the traction distance can be flexibly adjusted; (2) Through the multi-pulley guide layout, the scraper 6 is subjected to balanced force during movement, avoiding skew or jamming; (3) The double cable reverse synchronous control ensures that the bidirectional movement of the scraper 6 is accurate and stable; (4) The single motor drives the double-sided cable, which is compact and has low maintenance cost.

[0044] In one possible implementation, see Appendix Figure 3A clamping mechanism 8 is provided on the front side of the scraper 6. The clamping mechanism 8 can open and retract along the width direction of the carriage. The clamping mechanism 8 includes two back-to-back second telescopic power sources 81. The housings of the second telescopic power sources 81 are fixed to the scraper 6, and friction bodies are provided at the ends of the telescopic shafts facing the side walls of the carriage. When the system detects an unexpected displacement of the scraper 6, the two telescopic shafts can extend along the width direction of the carriage, and the extension amount can be differentially controlled, so that the buffer pads press tightly against the inner walls of both sides of the carriage with a specific pressure, and instant locking is achieved through friction braking. This design has three advantages: First, during regular scraping operations, moderate clamping force can eliminate the lateral sway of the scraper 6. Specifically, the principle is to adjust the friction on both sides according to the material accumulation to ensure that the scraper 6 is subjected to uniform force. Second, when the cargo box is tilted during unloading (non-scraping operation), the clamping mechanism 8 can actively apply braking force to prevent the scraper 6 from sliding down unexpectedly due to gravity. Third, during non-unloading operations, such as during transportation, when the winch 72 is not powered, the scraper 6 is fixed to the cargo box through the clamping mechanism 8, which is particularly suitable for complex working conditions such as mountain roads.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the guide rail has a groove on the side facing the middle of the car, and the slide plate 4 is slidably disposed within the groove. The top of the guide rail is sloped, and the side facing the middle of the car is lower than the outer side, which can reduce material residue. The lower part and side of the scraper 6 slide in contact with the car and the guide rail; or, the bottom of the scraper 6 facing the rear of the car is provided with a scraper structure 61. The scraper structure 61 is an acute-angled structure, such as... Figure 4 The scraper first contacts the goods and scrapes them before sliding down the carriage, which can achieve a better scraping effect.

[0046] In the further optimized design, wear-resistant stainless steel liners are installed on both sides of the inner wall of the carriage and the scraper 6. These liners are made of stainless steel with a mirror-polished finish, exhibiting high surface hardness and a low coefficient of friction. The beneficial effects are threefold: firstly, they form a precision sliding pair, allowing the liner plates on both sides to slide against the carriage liner plates with low resistance during scraper 6 movement; secondly, they create an elastic assembly gap, achieving a "rigid contact, flexible fit" effect through the micro-elastic deformation of the stainless steel material, ensuring smooth sliding while automatically compensating for gaps and reducing the entry of materials (such as corn kernels) into the rear of the scraper 6.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model.

Claims

1. A vehicle unloading device, characterized in that, include: Guide rails, which are laid on the floor inside the carriage (3); Slide plate (4), which is slidably mounted on the guide rail; And a first telescopic power source (5), the housing and telescopic shaft of the first telescopic power source (5) are respectively connected to the floor (3) and the slide (4) to drive the slide (4) to reciprocate relative to the floor (3).

2. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail and the first telescopic power source (5) are arranged along the width direction of the carriage.

3. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail and the first telescopic power source (5) are arranged along the length of the carriage. The guide rail includes at least a first guide rail (1) and a second guide rail (2) located on both sides of the width direction of the carriage. The two sides of the slide plate (4) in the width direction are respectively slidably engaged with the first guide rail (1) and the second guide rail (2). The first telescopic power source (5) is located in the space between the carriage floor (3) and the slide plate (4).

4. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the skateboard (4) is provided with a roller seat, and the roller seat is equipped with a roller (41). The wheel surface of the roller (41) is in contact with the carriage floor (3). Alternatively, the carriage floor (3) is provided with a roller seat, on which a roller (41) is mounted, and the surface of the roller (41) contacts the bottom of the slide plate (4).

5. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a scraper (6) and a scraping power mechanism; The bottom surface of the scraper (6) is in sliding contact with the slide plate (4), and the bottom of the side end of the scraper (6) is slidably mounted on the guide rail; The scraper power mechanism can drive the scraper (6) to slide along the guide rail.

6. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The scraping power mechanism is a scissor-type telescopic mechanism (71), with its two ends installed at the front of the scraper (6) and the front end of the carriage, respectively. Alternatively, the scraping power mechanism includes a winch (72), a pulley (73), a forward moving cable (74), and a backward moving cable (75). The winch (72) is located at the front end of the carriage. One end of the forward moving cable (74) is connected to the front side of the scraper (6) and then wound onto the winch (72). One end of the backward moving cable (75) is connected to the rear side of the scraper (6) and then pulled to the rear end of the carriage. After being reversed by the pulley (73), it detours back to the front end of the carriage and is wound onto the winch (72). The forward cable (74) and the backward cable (75) are wound in opposite directions on the winch (72).

7. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The scraper (6) is provided with a clamping mechanism (8) on the front side, which can open and retract along the width direction of the carriage; The clamping mechanism (8) includes two second telescopic power sources (81) arranged back to back. The housing of the second telescopic power source (81) is fixed to the scraper (6), and the end of the telescopic shaft is provided with a friction body facing the side wall of the carriage.

8. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The guide rail is provided with a groove on the side facing the middle of the carriage, and the slide plate (4) is slidably disposed in the groove.

9. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The top of the guide rail is sloping and the side facing the middle of the carriage is lower than the outside. The lower and side parts of the scraper (6) slide in contact with the carriage and the guide rail. Alternatively, the scraper (6) may have a scraper structure (61) at the bottom of the scraper on the side facing the rear of the carriage.

10. The vehicle unloading device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the four corners on both sides of the carriage is provided with a pulley (73). On the same side, the forward cable (74) is connected to the bottom front of the scraper (6), and after passing through the lower front pulley (73) of the carriage, it is wound to the winch (72). The rear cable (75) is connected to the bottom rear of the scraper (6), and after passing through the lower rear pulley (73), the upper rear pulley (73), and the upper front pulley (73) of the carriage, it is wound to the winch (72).

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