Protective stair

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of maintenance equipment of reverberatory, concretely is a kind of protective stair, including counterweight seat, the top of counterweight seat is equipped with vertical ladder, the top one side of vertical ladder is equipped with inclined ladder, the both sides of vertical ladder are equipped with lifting driving component, the upper portion of the both sides of inclined ladder is equipped with guardrail, the bottom of inclined ladder is abutted on the top shell of reverberatory, lifting driving component drives inclined ladder to lift, to adapt to reverberatory of different height. In the protective stair, the lifting driving component is set on the both sides of vertical ladder, the rotation of screw rod is driven using screw rod motor, the lifting piece connected with the lower end of inclined ladder is driven to realize accurate lifting, and different models of reverberatory with furnace top elevation fluctuation ±0.8 meters can be flexibly adapted. The structure does not need to clamp or magnetically attract the reverberatory shell, and the application range of equipment is greatly widened by the direct abutment mode of the bottom of inclined ladder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of reverberatory furnace maintenance equipment, and more specifically, to a protective staircase. Background Technology

[0002] In the smelting industries of recycled copper and precious metals, the reverberatory furnace is a core thermal equipment, and the daily observation and maintenance of its top exhaust vent directly affects smelting efficiency and environmental compliance. Since the furnace top of a reverberatory furnace typically has an operating height of 2-5 meters, operators need to frequently go up and down to monitor temperature, analyze flue gas composition, and clear blockages. During this process, the conflict between operational safety and efficiency becomes particularly prominent.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally uses two methods for accessing the furnace roof: one is temporary steel pipe scaffolding, which is not only time-consuming to assemble and disassemble (requiring 2-3 people per operation per session), but also lacks standardized protective structures, making it prone to slipping and falling accidents in high-temperature environments; the other is fixed steel ladders set up according to the "Technical Specifications for the Design of Ladders for Industrial Furnace Platforms," ​​which, while meeting basic access requirements, has significant limitations. In contrast, existing improved technologies in related fields, such as the "Electric Power Maintenance Ladder" (application number 202011352065.4), achieve adaptability to utility poles and iron facades in electric power maintenance scenarios through the hinged structure of the main and auxiliary ladders, angle-adjusting electric cylinders, and clamps, demonstrating innovation in angle adjustment and stability improvement. However, this technology has significant compatibility defects when applied to reverberatory furnace maintenance.

[0004] First, the core design of this power maintenance ladder is designed for cylindrical or regular facades such as utility poles. The clamping structure of its front and rear clamps cannot match the irregular arc-shaped shell of the reverberatory furnace top. Furthermore, the electromagnet fixing method will fail due to magnetic attenuation at high temperatures (the surface temperature of the reverberatory furnace top can reach 80-150℃). Second, although the adjustment range of its angle-adjusting electric cylinder (public information shows 30°-120°) can meet the high-altitude operation requirements of power maintenance, it does not consider the buffer protection of the contact point between the inclined ladder and the furnace top during reverberatory furnace operations. Rigid contact can easily cause damage to the furnace shell. Most importantly, this technology does not have an observation and operation window corresponding to the exhaust port of the reverberatory furnace. Operators must be completely on the furnace top to work, which increases the exposure time in high-temperature environments and the risk of falls. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a protective staircase to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the core design of the power maintenance staircase is not compatible with the clamping structure of the front and rear clamps of cylindrical or regular facades such as utility poles, which is not suitable for the irregular arc-shaped outer shell of the reverberatory furnace top.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a protective staircase, including a counterweight base, a vertical ladder installed on the top of the counterweight base, an inclined ladder installed on one side of the top of the vertical ladder, lifting drive components installed on both sides of the vertical ladder, guardrails installed on the upper part of both sides of the inclined ladder, and the bottom of the inclined ladder abutting against the top shell of the reverberatory furnace. The lifting drive components drive the inclined ladder to move up and down to adapt to reverberatory furnaces of different heights.

[0007] This setup achieves overall structural stability through the gravity balance of the counterweight. The vertical and inclined ladders form a zigzag passageway, and the lifting drive components on both sides form a symmetrical power output, driving the inclined ladder to make vertical displacement along the guide rail of the vertical ladder, so that the bottom of the inclined ladder always maintains reliable contact with the top shell of the reverberatory furnace.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting drive component includes a vertical lead screw, on which a lifting element is mounted. The upper end of the lead screw is driven to rotate by a lead screw motor, and the lifting element is connected to the lower end of the inclined ladder.

[0009] This setup uses electric screw drive technology. The rotational motion output by the screw motor is converted into linear motion of the lifting component via the screw. Through the rigid connection between the lifting component and the inclined ladder, the power is transmitted to the inclined ladder to achieve height adjustment.

[0010] Preferably, the lead screw motor is installed at the upper end of the vertical ladder, the lower end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the counterweight seat through a bearing, and a temporary platform is installed on the top of the lifting component for personnel to step on when transferring from the vertical ladder to the inclined ladder.

[0011] This setup, with the lead screw motor mounted on top, shortens the power transmission path and reduces transmission losses; the lower end of the lead screw is connected to the counterweight seat through a bearing, converting sliding friction into rolling friction and reducing mechanical wear; the temporary platform forms a transitional support surface between the vertical and inclined ladders.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the inclined ladder is fitted with several soft pads.

[0013] The soft pad at the bottom of the inclined ladder is made of high-temperature resistant silicone material. The material deformation absorbs the impact kinetic energy when the ladder comes into contact with the furnace top, forming an elastic buffer layer.

[0014] Preferably, the top surface of the inclined ladder is provided with a plurality of foot grooves at equal intervals, the bottom surface of the foot grooves is horizontal, and the inclination angle of the inclined ladder is 30°-60°.

[0015] This feature, with its horizontal footrest grooves, increases the contact area of ​​the shoe sole, providing gait support. The 30°-60° inclination angle range matches the optimal force exertion posture of the human body during climbing, and complies with the angle design specifications for outdoor evacuation staircases.

[0016] Preferably, the ladder includes a frame, and a number of foot pedals are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom inside the frame.

[0017] The frame of this structure uses rectangular steel pipes welded together to form a lattice-type load-bearing structure. The foot pedals are arranged at equal intervals to form a uniform distribution of stress points, which conforms to the load transfer path design of the staircase structure.

[0018] Preferably, the upper surface of the foot pedal is coated with an anti-slip pad.

[0019] The anti-slip pads on the foot pedals feature ceramic particle-reinforced rubber material, which increases surface roughness through microscopic protrusions. Its high-temperature resistant formula can withstand ambient temperatures of 150°C.

[0020] Preferably, the surface of the inclined ladder is provided with several observation holes for observing and operating the exhaust gas vents of the reverberatory furnace.

[0021] The position of the observation hole is precisely aligned with the tail gas hole of the reverberatory furnace. The hole diameter (150-200mm) is designed to reserve operating space, realizing a closed loop of the "observation on the ladder - operation in place" work process.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] This protective staircase utilizes lifting drive components on both sides of the vertical ladder. A lead screw motor drives the lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting mechanism connected to the lower end of the inclined ladder, achieving precise lifting and lowering. This allows for flexible adaptation to different models of reverberatory furnaces with top elevation fluctuations of ±0.8 meters. Compared to the electrical maintenance ladder with application number 202011352065.4, which is only suitable for fixing on regular facades, this structure eliminates the need for clamping or magnetic attraction to the reverberatory furnace shell. The direct contact with the bottom of the inclined ladder significantly expands the equipment's applicability.

[0024] Several soft pads installed at the bottom of the inclined ladder effectively buffer the contact stress between the ladder and the furnace top shell, preventing damage to the furnace body caused by rigid collisions, while also reducing vibration and noise during operation. The horizontal foot grooves evenly spaced on the top surface increase the coefficient of friction by 40% compared to existing sloping treads. Combined with the anti-slip pads on the vertical ladder's footrests, this ensures stability for operators even in high-temperature environments with slag or moisture. Furthermore, the temporary platform at the top of the lifting mechanism solves the problem of traditional ladders lacking a transition structure, reducing the risk of stepping when transitioning from a vertical to an inclined ladder. The guardrails on both sides of the inclined ladder further provide reliable protection during the climbing process.

[0025] Several observation holes on the surface of the inclined ladder can directly correspond to the location of the exhaust gas vents of the reverberatory furnace. Operators can perform temperature monitoring, flue gas analysis, and other tasks without having to climb to the top of the furnace, reducing exposure time in high-temperature environments by more than 50% and decreasing the number of trips to and from the furnace top. The vertical ladder adopts a frame structure with built-in evenly spaced footrests, and the optimized inclination angle of the inclined ladder (30°-60°) conforms to ergonomic design, making the climbing process more effortless. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical ladder in this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined ladder in this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting drive component in this utility model;

[0030] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0031] 1. Counterweight base; 2. Vertical ladder; 21. Frame; 22. Foot pedal; 3. Inclined ladder; 31. Foot groove; 32. Soft pad; 33. Observation hole; 4. Lifting drive component; 41. Lead screw; 42. Lifting component; 43. Lead screw motor; 5. Guardrail; 6. Reverberatory furnace. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] This utility model provides a protective staircase, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a counterweight base 1, a vertical ladder 2 installed on the top of the counterweight base 1, an inclined ladder 3 installed on one side of the top of the vertical ladder 2, lifting drive components 4 installed on both sides of the vertical ladder 2, guardrails 5 installed on the upper part of both sides of the inclined ladder 3, and the bottom of the inclined ladder 3 abuts against the top shell of the reverberatory furnace 6. The lifting drive components 4 drive the inclined ladder 3 to move up and down to adapt to reverberatory furnaces 6 of different heights.

[0034] The overall structure is stable through the gravity balance of the counterweight 1. The vertical ladder 2 and the inclined ladder 3 form a zigzag passageway, and the lifting drive components 4 on both sides form a symmetrical power output, driving the inclined ladder 3 to make vertical displacement along the guide rail of the vertical ladder 2, so that the bottom of the inclined ladder 3 always maintains reliable contact with the top shell of the reverberatory furnace 6. It breaks through the height limitation of traditional fixed ladders and can be adapted to reverberatory furnaces 6 of different heights without the need for destructive fixing of the reverberatory furnace 6. Compared with the power maintenance ladder of application number 202011352065.4, it eliminates the installation steps of the clamping structure, shortens the equipment deployment time, and the setting of the guardrail 5 meets the safety height requirements of the guardrail in the "Technical Specifications for Design of Industrial Furnace Platform Ladders".

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the lifting drive component 4 includes a vertical lead screw 41, on which a lifting component 42 is mounted. The upper end of the lead screw 41 is driven to rotate by a lead screw motor 43, and the lifting component 42 is connected to the lower end of the inclined ladder 3.

[0036] Employing electric screw drive technology, the rotary motion output by the screw motor 43 is converted into the linear motion of the lifting component 42 via the screw 41. Through the rigid connection between the lifting component 42 and the inclined ladder 3, power is transmitted to the inclined ladder 3 to achieve height adjustment. This method offers high lifting accuracy and has a smaller adjustment error compared to hydraulic drive. The self-locking characteristic of the screw 41 drive ensures that the inclined ladder 3 can stably stop at any height position, eliminating the risk of slippage that may occur when the electric cylinder for adjusting the angle of the electric maintenance ladder is powered off, and shortening the time required for a single height adjustment.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the lead screw motor 43 is installed at the upper end of the vertical ladder 2, and the lower end of the lead screw 41 is rotatably connected to the counterweight seat 1 through a bearing. A temporary platform is installed on the top of the lifting component 42 for personnel to step on when transferring from the vertical ladder 2 to the inclined ladder 3.

[0038] The lead screw motor 43 is mounted at the top of the vertical ladder 2, shortening the power transmission path and reducing transmission losses. The lower end of the lead screw 41 is rotatably connected to the counterweight 1 via a bearing, converting sliding friction into rolling friction and reducing mechanical wear. The temporary platform at the top of the lifting component 42 forms a transition support surface between the vertical ladder 2 and the inclined ladder 3. This improves transmission efficiency and extends the equipment lifespan compared to a suspended motor mounting structure. The temporary platform shortens the step distance for personnel transferring from the vertical ladder 2 to the inclined ladder 3, conforming to the safe step range in ergonomics, and combined with the guardrail 5, reduces the risk of falls.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, several soft pads 32 are installed at the bottom of the inclined ladder 3.

[0040] Several soft pads 32 installed at the bottom of the inclined ladder 3 are made of high-temperature resistant silicone material. Through material deformation, they absorb the impact kinetic energy when the inclined ladder 3 comes into contact with the top outer shell of the reverberatory furnace 6, forming an elastic buffer layer. This reduces contact stress and prevents the outer shell of the reverberatory furnace 6 from deforming due to excessive local stress. At the same time, the soft pads 32 reduce metal impact noise and improve the working environment.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the top surface of the inclined ladder 3 is provided with several foot grooves 31 at equal intervals, the bottom surface of the foot grooves 31 is horizontal, and the inclination angle of the inclined ladder 3 is 30°-60°.

[0042] The top surface of the inclined ladder 3 features several equally spaced foot grooves 31 with horizontal bottom surfaces. These grooves increase the contact area between the shoe sole and the foot, providing gait support. The 330°-60° inclination angle range of the inclined ladder matches the optimal force exertion posture for human climbing, complying with the angle design specifications for outdoor evacuation staircases. It has a higher coefficient of friction than ramp-type treads, maintaining good anti-slip performance even in high-temperature environments. The 330°-60° angle adjustment range of the inclined ladder accommodates the stride requirements of operators of different heights, reducing climbing energy consumption.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the vertical ladder 2 includes a frame 21, and several foot rails 22 are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom inside the frame 21.

[0044] The vertical ladder 2 includes a frame 21 made of welded rectangular steel tubes to form a lattice-type load-bearing structure. Inside the frame 21, several footrests 22 are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom, creating a uniform distribution of stress points, conforming to the load transfer path design of staircase structures. The overall anti-overturning performance is excellent, far exceeding industry safety standards. The spacing of the footrests 22 is designed to match the human stride, avoiding the risk of imbalance caused by excessively large steps when climbing the vertical ladder 2.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, an anti-slip pad is adhered to the upper surface of the foot pedal 22.

[0046] The anti-slip pad bonded to the upper surface of the foot pedal 22 is made of ceramic particle-reinforced rubber. Its surface roughness is increased through microscopic protrusions, and its high-temperature resistant formula can withstand high ambient temperatures. It maintains good anti-slip performance even in high-temperature environments, reducing the probability of slipping. The adhesive fixing method facilitates quick replacement of the anti-slip pad after wear, reducing maintenance costs.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the inclined ladder 3 is provided with several observation holes 33 for observing and operating the exhaust gas holes of the reverberatory furnace 6.

[0048] Several observation holes 33 are opened on the surface of the inclined ladder 3, and their positions are precisely aligned with the exhaust gas holes of the reverberatory furnace 6. Through reasonable hole diameter design, operating space is reserved to realize a closed-loop operation process of "observation on the ladder - in-situ operation". Operators can complete most routine inspection work without climbing to the top of the reverberatory furnace 6, shortening the high-temperature exposure time, reducing the number of trips to and from the furnace top, and improving the efficiency of single maintenance.

[0049] The protective staircase of this utility model achieves safe adaptation for maintenance operations of the reverberatory furnace 6 through a modular structural design combined with mechanical transmission. The whole structure is based on the counterweight seat 1 for stability, and uses the vertical ladder 2 and the inclined ladder 3 to form a zigzag passage path. The height of the inclined ladder 3 is adjusted by the screw transmission of the lifting drive component 4 to adapt to different furnace top elevations. At the same time, the anti-slip structure, buffer components and functional windows ensure operational safety and efficiency.

[0050] The counterweight 1 counteracts the overturning moment of the vertical ladder 2 and the inclined ladder 3 by its own weight, and can maintain overall stability without being fixed to the furnace body, thus avoiding structural damage to the outer shell of the reverberatory furnace 6.

[0051] In the lifting drive component 4, the lead screw motor 43 drives the lead screw 41 to rotate, causing the lifting component 42 to move linearly along the lead screw, thereby driving the lower end of the inclined ladder 3 to rise and fall, thus changing the contact height between the inclined ladder and the furnace top to adapt to the height differences of different models of reverberatory furnaces 6.

[0052] The foot grooves 31 of the inclined ladder 3 and the anti-slip mats of the vertical ladder 2 improve anti-slip performance by increasing the coefficient of friction; the soft mat 32 buffers contact stress through material deformation; the temporary platform and the guardrail 5 form a protective barrier for personnel transfer, reducing the risk of falling.

[0053] The observation hole 33 is precisely aligned with the tail gas hole of the reverberatory furnace 6, realizing a closed loop of "operation on the ladder" and reducing the exposure time at high altitude.

[0054] Work process

[0055] Place the counterweight 1 on a flat surface next to the reverberatory furnace 6, ensuring that the vertical ladder 2 is perpendicular to the ground. By operating the control switch of the lifting drive component 4, start the lead screw motor 43, causing the lead screw 41 to rotate and drive the lifting component 42 to rise or fall. Adjust the inclination angle and height of the inclined ladder 3 until the soft pad 32 at the bottom of the inclined ladder 3 smoothly abuts against the top shell of the reverberatory furnace 6. After turning off the motor, the lead screw 41 self-locks and fixes in position.

[0056] The operator begins climbing from the bottom of the vertical ladder 2. The footrests 22 inside the footrest frame 21 have anti-slip pads on their surfaces to prevent slipping. When reaching the top of the vertical ladder 2, the operator turns via the temporary platform at the top of the lifting component 42, holds onto the guardrails 5 on both sides of the inclined ladder 3, and moves upward along the inclined ladder 3 with horizontal footrest grooves 31 until reaching the work position.

[0057] Operators can directly monitor the temperature, observe the flue gas, or clear blockages at the exhaust vents of the reverberatory furnace 6 through the observation holes 33 on the surface of the inclined ladder 3, without needing to climb onto the furnace top. During the operation, the guardrail 5 provides lateral protection at all times, and the footrest 31 ensures stable footing.

[0058] After the operation is completed, the operator returns to the ground along the original path. If the equipment needs to be moved or its position adjusted, the lead screw motor 43 is restarted to separate the inclined ladder 3 from the reverberatory furnace 6. After the inclined ladder 3 is lowered to its lowest position, the counterweight 1 is pushed to transfer the equipment to the storage area.

[0059] The entire process requires no structural modifications to the reverberatory furnace 6. It achieves rapid adaptation through mechanical adjustments and, combined with multiple safety designs, significantly improves the safety and efficiency of reverberatory furnace maintenance operations.

[0060] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective staircase, comprising a counterweight base (1), characterized in that: A vertical ladder (2) is installed on the top of the counterweight (1), and an inclined ladder (3) is installed on one side of the top of the vertical ladder (2). Lifting drive components (4) are installed on both sides of the vertical ladder (2). Guardrails (5) are installed on the upper part of both sides of the inclined ladder (3). The bottom of the inclined ladder (3) abuts against the top shell of the reverberatory furnace (6). The lifting drive components (4) drive the inclined ladder (3) to lift and lower to adapt to reverberatory furnaces (6) of different heights.

2. The protective staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting drive component (4) includes a vertical lead screw (41), on which a lifting component (42) is installed. The upper end of the lead screw (41) is driven to rotate by a lead screw motor (43), and the lifting component (42) is connected to the lower end of the inclined ladder (3).

3. The protective staircase according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lead screw motor (43) is installed at the upper end of the vertical ladder (2), and the lower end of the lead screw (41) is rotatably connected to the counterweight seat (1) through a bearing. A temporary platform is installed on the top of the lifting component (42) for personnel to step on when transferring from the vertical ladder (2) to the inclined ladder (3).

4. The protective staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inclined ladder (3) is fitted with several soft pads (32).

5. The protective staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the inclined ladder (3) is provided with several foot grooves (31) at equal intervals. The bottom surface of the foot grooves (31) is horizontal. The inclination angle of the inclined ladder (3) is 30°-60°.

6. The protective staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical ladder (2) includes a frame (21), and a number of foot pedals (22) are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom inside the frame (21).

7. The protective staircase according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper surface of the foot pedal (22) is covered with an anti-slip pad.

8. The protective staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined ladder (3) has several observation holes (33) on its surface for observing and operating the exhaust gas vent of the reverberatory furnace (6).

Images