An optical functional film and a photovoltaic module, a display and a light control module comprising the same

Abstract

The utility model discloses an optical function film and contain its photovoltaic module, display and light control subassembly, relate to optical film technical field, and the optical function film includes first carrier layer and at least one second carrier layer, and the first carrier layer is fixedly combined with the second carrier layer, and forms at least one cavity with optical function between both, still includes functional layer, and the functional layer is fixedly arranged on the surface of the second carrier layer away from the first carrier layer, and the spatial distribution structure of functional layer includes at least one or more of the following: composite stack structure, heterostructure function structure, non - continuous patterning structure or the structure with surface microstructure. The application is through setting up spatial distribution structure for non - continuous patterning structure and / or heterostructure function structure and / or composite stack structure and / or the functional layer with surface microstructure on the surface of the second carrier layer away from the first carrier layer, and enhances process adaptability and structural reliability while improving light heat management efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of optical thin film technology, and in particular to an optical functional film and photovoltaic modules, displays and light control components containing the film. Background Technology

[0002] In optical devices such as photovoltaic modules, displays, and light-controlled components, functional films are key components for improving light energy utilization and component reliability. In the prior art, a common functional film structure includes at least one carrier layer, sometimes with a uniform functional coating, such as a white reflective coating, applied to its entire surface to achieve light reflection.

[0003] However, this existing technology has obvious drawbacks: First, its function is singular, usually focusing only on light management (such as reflection), while it is difficult to take into account thermal management (such as heat conduction or heat absorption), resulting in the inability to dissipate the heat generated by the component during operation in a timely manner, which can easily lead to hot spot effects and affect long-term reliability; Second, the uniform coating can hinder the exhaust of internal gases during the lamination process, easily generating bubbles, which affects the packaging quality and yield; Third, its optical effect and process performance are highly dependent on the characteristics of the coating material itself, and the structural design lacks flexibility, making it impossible to achieve fine and differentiated management of light and heat.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new type of functional membrane structure that can fundamentally solve the above problems, improve photothermal management efficiency, and enhance process adaptability and structural reliability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optical functional film and photovoltaic modules, displays and light control components containing the film, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, improve the efficiency of photothermal management, and enhance the process adaptability and structural reliability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0007] An optical functional film, applied in photovoltaic modules, displays, or light control modules, includes a first carrier layer and at least one second carrier layer, wherein the first carrier layer and the second carrier layer are fixedly bonded together and form at least one cavity with optical function between them, characterized in that: it further includes a functional layer, wherein the functional layer is fixedly disposed on the surface of the second carrier layer opposite to the first carrier layer, and the spatial distribution structure of the functional layer includes at least one or more of the following: composite stacking structure, heterogeneous functional structure, discontinuous patterned structure, or structure with surface microstructure.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the functional layer is a composite stacked structure formed by stacking at least two sub-layers with different functions in a vertical direction. The composite stacked structure includes a high-reflectivity sub-layer close to the second carrier layer and a thermally conductive enhancement sub-layer away from the second carrier layer.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment, the functional layer is a heterogeneous functional layer internally divided into at least two functional regions.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical functional film is applied to a photovoltaic module, and the heterogeneous functional layer includes a high-reflectivity region spatially corresponding to the gaps between cells in the photovoltaic module, and a high-thermal-conductivity / heat-absorbing region spatially corresponding to the grid lines or solder strips on the cells.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the functional layer has a discontinuous patterned structure on the surface of the second carrier layer; the patterned structure is a grid, a stripe array, a dot array, or a honeycomb.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of the internal functional filler of the functional layer is spatially gradient-distributed to form a gradient physical property region in at least one region of the functional layer.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, the surface of the functional layer facing the second carrier layer has a preset microstructure for managing light.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the functional layer includes a matrix material and a plurality of discrete functional components embedded therein.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the functional layer is a coated / printed functional layer or a deposited functional layer.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, the optical functional film as described in any one of claims 1-8 is included.

[0017] This invention also provides a photovoltaic module, display, or light control module, including the aforementioned optical functional film.

[0018] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0019] 1. Refined Photothermal Management: By employing heterogeneous functional structures, gradient distribution structures, and surface microstructures, refined and differentiated management of light and heat is achieved. For example, the heterogeneous functional structure divides the functional layer into different functional areas (such as high reflectivity areas and high thermal conductivity areas), enabling targeted management based on the photothermal needs of different locations. This simultaneously and significantly improves light energy recovery efficiency and thermal management capabilities, thereby comprehensively enhancing power generation efficiency and long-term module reliability.

[0020] 2. Excellent process adaptability and structural reliability: By employing a discontinuous patterned structure, interconnected network channels are formed within the functional layers. These channels provide effective escape paths for gases released from the material and residual air during lamination, significantly reducing or even eliminating bubble formation and improving the lamination yield. Simultaneously, this structure also provides buffering when the component is subjected to thermal stress, enabling it to adapt to harsh applications such as flexible, curved surfaces, or those subjected to thermal cycling.

[0021] 3. Light field manipulation based on physical structure: By introducing surface microstructures (such as sawtooth or Fresnel lens structures), a light manipulation method that is independent of the material itself but determined by the physical structure is provided. This allows for more efficient and flexible reflection or redistribution of light, further tapping into the potential of light energy utilization.

[0022] 4. High degree of functional integration and design freedom: Through composite stacking structures (such as vertical multilayer composites) or combining multiple structures, multiple functions such as reflection, adhesion, thermal conductivity, and stress buffering can be integrated into a single functional layer, meeting the comprehensive requirements of multifunctional membranes for high performance in complex application scenarios. This utility model offers a high degree of freedom in structural design, with the effect determined by the structure itself and low dependence on the manufacturing process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a functional membrane in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Solution 1 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Scheme 2 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Scheme 3 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Scheme 4 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Scheme 5 of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical functional film disclosed in Scheme Six of this utility model;

[0031] Among them, 1. First carrier layer; 2. Second carrier layer; 3. Cavity; 4. High reflectivity sublayer; 5. Thermal conductivity enhancement sublayer; 6. Battery cell; 7. First functional area; 8. Second functional area; 9. Patterned structure; 10. Channel; 11. Gradient functional layer; 12. Microstructure. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optical functional film and photovoltaic modules, displays and light control components containing the film, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, improve the efficiency of photothermal management, and enhance the process adaptability and structural reliability.

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 This embodiment provides an optical functional film for use in photovoltaic modules, displays, or light control components. It includes a first carrier layer 1 and at least one second carrier layer 2, with the first carrier layer 1 and the second carrier layer 2 fixedly bonded together, forming at least one optically functional cavity 3 between them. The film is characterized by further including a functional layer, which is fixedly disposed on the surface of the second carrier layer 2 facing away from the first carrier layer 1. The spatial distribution structure of the functional layer includes at least one or more of the following: a composite stacked structure, a heterogeneous functional structure, a discontinuous patterned structure, or a structure with surface microstructures. Specifically, the structure of the functional layer may include one or more combinations of the following:

[0037] Option 1: Composite Stacked Structure

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 The composite stacked structure is formed by stacking at least two sub-layers with different functions in a vertical direction.

[0039] The bottom layer (adjacent to the second carrier layer 2): a high-reflectivity sublayer 4, for example, composed of a resin mixed with a high concentration of titanium dioxide.

[0040] Top layer (away from the second carrier layer 2): Thermally conductive reinforcing sublayer 5, for example, composed of pure EVA or EVA mixed with thermally conductive fillers, is used to provide strong adhesion and enhance thermal conductivity.

[0041] Mechanism of action: The high reflectivity sublayer 4 achieves light management based on the high reflectivity of the layer structure; the bonding / thermal conductivity enhancement sublayer 5 achieves bonding and thermal conductivity functions based on the bonding and thermal conductivity of the layer structure.

[0042] In the display backlight or uniform light module, the high-reflectivity sublayer 4 uses a high-reflectivity / diffuse-reflectivity sublayer (TiO2 or microsphere filling) to improve backlight utilization; the thermally conductive enhancement sublayer 5 uses thermally conductive fillers (BN, alumina) to improve heat diffusion and reduce the impact of localized heat generation. The thickness of the high-reflectivity sublayer 4 is set to 20–150 µm, and the thickness of the thermally conductive enhancement sublayer 5 is set to 10–150 µm.

[0043] Option 2: Heterogeneous Functional Layer

[0044] Please refer to Figure 3 The heterogeneous functional layer is a continuous, integral layer that is divided into at least two functional regions.

[0045] When applied to photovoltaic modules, in a preferred embodiment, the following is provided:

[0046] First functional area 7 (high reflectivity area): Its spatial position corresponds to the gap between adjacent solar cells 6. The substrate is filled with high reflectivity functional fillers, such as titanium dioxide particles, hollow glass microspheres, barium sulfate, silver powder, aluminum powder, or colored pigments, to efficiently reflect light back to the back cell of the bifacial battery.

[0047] The second functional area 8 (high thermal conductivity / heat absorption area): its spatial position corresponds to the grid line or solder strip on the solar cell 6. The substrate is filled with functional fillers with high thermal conductivity or high absorption rate (such as boron nitride, alumina or carbon black particles) to quickly conduct or absorb waste heat at the main grid line, reduce hot spot effect and improve the long-term reliability of the module.

[0048] Mechanism of action: Light or heat varies at different incident positions, and patterned functional layers are designed to achieve differentiated management. High reflectivity areas manage light, while high thermal conductivity / heat absorption areas manage heat.

[0049] In optical devices, there are often areas with uneven distribution of light / heat load (e.g., pixel edges, near driving circuits, bezel areas, optical openings, etc.). Heterogeneous functional layers can be configured with high-reflectivity, high-thermal-conductivity, high-absorption, or spectral-conversion regions in these locations as needed. For example, in display devices, high-reflectivity / collimation regions can be placed at pixel edges or backlight emission channels to improve brightness uniformity; high-thermal-conductivity regions can be placed near driving circuits or heat sources to quickly dissipate heat. Similarly, in light-control components (such as wide-angle mirrors and building skylights), functional areas for collimation, scattering, and color temperature adjustment can be spatially distributed.

[0050] Option 3: Channelized Functional Layer

[0051] Please refer to Figure 4 The channelized functional layer is not continuously covered on the surface of the second carrier layer 2, but rather presents a discontinuous patterned structure 9. The patterned structure 9 can be in the form of a grid, a striped array, a dotted array, or a honeycomb.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the functional layer substrate is selected as EVA, and the patterned EVA layer is bonded in the patterned area and the surface of the second carrier layer 2 is exposed in the non-patterned area. The non-patterned area constitutes an internal gas evacuation channel network.

[0053] During lamination, gases released from the material itself or residual air can be effectively discharged through this channel network, significantly reducing the generation of bubbles. The internal channels 10 formed by the patterned structure 9 can act as stress buffers, providing better mechanical flexibility when the component is subjected to thermal expansion and contraction, and can better adapt to harsh application scenarios such as flexible, curved surfaces or thermal cycling.

[0054] Mechanism of action: The non-patterned area forms a connected gas evacuation channel 10 to discharge gas; when subjected to thermal stress, the non-patterned area forms a stress buffer zone.

[0055] Option 4: Composite Functional Layer

[0056] Please refer to Figure 5 The composite functional layer combines a discontinuous patterned structure 9 with a heterogeneous functional structure.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the functional layer corresponding to the gap area between adjacent solar cells 6 is configured as a high-reflectivity pure film as the first functional area 7, arranged in a striped array; the functional layer corresponding to the grid line or solder strip area on the solar cell 6 is configured as a heat-conducting / heat-absorbing pure film as the second functional area 8, arranged in a striped array; a channel 10 is formed between the first functional area 7 and the second functional area 8.

[0058] Mechanism of action: A way of combining the structures of Scheme 2 and Scheme 3.

[0059] Option 5: Gradient Functional Layer 11

[0060] Please refer to Figure 6 The concentration of the internal functional filler of the gradient functional layer 11 is spatially gradient distributed to form the gradient functional layer 11. The gradient distribution described in this embodiment can be applied to continuous functional layers (i.e., the concentration gradually changes with thickness or planar direction throughout the entire layer) or to non-continuous patterned functional layers (e.g., gradient changes within or between lattice units).

[0061] For example, in photovoltaic modules, within the high-reflectivity zone corresponding to the gap of cell 6, the concentration of reflective filler gradually decreases from the center of the gap towards the two edges (closer to cell 6) to achieve precise control over the angle of reflected light. This concentration gradient allows for more precise control over the angular distribution and uniformity of reflected light. This gradient effect can be achieved by employing multi-stage spraying / shift printing during the coating / printing process, adjusting the formulation during the lamination process, or through layered stacking.

[0062] The gradient distribution is used to achieve one or a combination of the following purposes: regulating the reflection angle distribution, improving transmission uniformity, adjusting scattering intensity, changing local heat conduction / dissipation paths, and achieving local adjustment of color temperature / spectrum, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of optical performance and thermal management performance.

[0063] Option 6: Surface Microstructure Functional Layer

[0064] Please refer to Figure 7 The surface of the functional layer facing the second carrier layer 2 has a pre-defined microstructure 12 for managing light. The surface of the functional layer can be constructed as a sawtooth (V-groove), Fresnel lens, pyramid array, or hemispherical array, etc. This type of microstructure 12 can achieve light collimation, directional reflection, homogenization, diffusion, or improved incident angle response; it is suitable for functions such as backlight homogenization, wide-viewing-angle control, and enhanced low-incident-angle light capture. The height and spacing of the microstructure 12 are designed according to the requirements of the optical device; for example, the height is set to 1–200 µm, and the spacing is set to 5–1000 µm.

[0065] Mechanism of action: The interaction between light and these microstructures 12 follows the laws of reflection and refraction of geometric optics. Its optical effect is an inherent property of the physical shape and does not depend on the process.

[0066] Option 7: Embedded Functional Layer of Prefabricated Functional Components

[0067] The prefabricated functional component embedded functional layer consists of multiple pre-prepared, discrete functional components and a substrate material for fixing these functional components. The substrate material is an uncured resin coated on the surface of the second carrier layer 2 facing away from the first carrier layer 1, used to fix the functional components arranged according to a preset pattern.

[0068] It is especially suitable for composite prefabricated functional components or composite functional components that are difficult to blend with the substrate or are prone to failure in the coating process.

[0069] The functional layers may be selected from, but are not limited to, the following, or combinations thereof:

[0070] 1. Coated / printed functional layer:

[0071] The coated / printed functional layer is formed by applying a composite material coating to the surface of the second carrier layer 2 by coating or printing, and then curing it. The composite material coating is essentially a blend containing at least one functional filler particle dispersed in a polymer matrix / binder.

[0072] The polymer matrix / adhesive includes thermosetting resins, ultraviolet (UV) curing resins, and thermoplastic resins. Thermosetting resins include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), epoxy resin, and silicone resin. UV curing resins include acrylate resins (including but not limited to epoxy acrylates, polyurethane acrylates, and polyester acrylates). Thermoplastic resin systems include thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Preferably, when the functional layer is used for photovoltaic module encapsulation, a thermosetting resin is selected as the matrix material. More preferably, EVA, POE, or their composite film, such as EPE, is selected as the matrix material. The EPE film is a three-layer structure composed of EVA and POE, with two outer layers of EVA providing high adhesion, and the middle layer being POE as a core barrier layer. Preferably, when a thermosetting resin is selected as the matrix material, the functional material also includes a UV stabilizer.

[0073] The functional materials serve one or more of the following functions: color rendering / reflection, thermal conduction / heat absorption, spectral conversion, atomization, and structural support. White functional materials include titanium dioxide (preferably, with strong reflectivity in the visible light band), barium sulfate, and zinc oxide; black high-absorption materials include carbon black and composite ferrite black (with better electrical insulation than carbon black); silver / metallic high-reflectivity materials include pearlescent pigments, aluminum powder / aluminum silver paste, and silver powder; and colored materials include inorganic / organic colored pigments. Preferably, the functional materials are electrically insulating to ensure that the functional layer as a whole exhibits electrical insulation properties. In another embodiment, when an electrically insulating isolation layer is provided in the functional film or its adjacent structure, the functional filler can also be selected from conductive materials, such as silver powder or aluminum powder. The electrically insulating isolation layer is used to electrically isolate the functional area composed of the conductive material from external conductive components.

[0074] Based on the rheological properties of the composite material coating, different processes can be used to form patterned or uniform functional layers. For low-viscosity coatings, uniform functional layers can be formed by methods such as scraping, roller coating, and spraying. For high-viscosity paste inks, techniques such as screen printing and gravure printing can be used to directly form functional layers with fine patterns on the second carrier layer 2. For example, high-concentration titanium dioxide particles can be mixed with resin to form a white insulating ink, and patterned high-reflectivity areas can be formed by screen printing.

[0075] 2. Depositional functional layer:

[0076] The deposition-type functional layer is a pure film formed by directly depositing atoms or molecules onto the surface of the second carrier layer 2 in a vacuum using physical or chemical vapor deposition (PVD / CVD) processes. It contains no polymer matrix / binder and includes a metal reflective layer and a dielectric reflective layer. The metal reflective layer is formed by directly depositing a highly reflective metal film, such as silver or aluminum, using vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering. The dielectric reflective layer (DBR) is formed by alternately depositing two dielectric materials with different refractive indices (such as silicon dioxide SiO2 and titanium dioxide TiO2) to create a distributed Bragg mirror.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, display, or light control module, which includes the optical functional film described in Embodiment 1.

[0079] Photovoltaic module examples

[0080] The photovoltaic module includes the aforementioned optical functional film, disposed at the gaps in the solar cells 6. The photovoltaic module includes a high-reflectivity region corresponding to the gaps in the solar cells 6 and a high-thermal-conductivity region corresponding to the grid lines or solder strips.

[0081] Example 1 of light control component

[0082] The light control component includes a transparent substrate and an optical functional film, as described above, disposed on or integrated therein. The light control component is a wide-angle reflector assembly, the transparent substrate is a mirror substrate, and the optical functional film is configured to adjust the emission angle of reflected light to expand the visible range.

[0083] Specifically, the optical functional film of the wide-angle reflector assembly has different optical properties in the central and edge regions of the mirror substrate. In the central region, a conventional reflector is used to form the main field of view, while in the edge region, the optical functional film is used to form the wide-angle field of view.

[0084] Example 2 of light control component

[0085] The light control component includes a transparent substrate and an optical functional film, as described above, disposed on or integrated therein. The light control component is an architectural lighting component, the transparent substrate is a window glass, and the optical functional film is configured to redirect transmitted or reflected light to a preset position according to the incident light angle.

[0086] Specifically, the working principle of the optical functional film is as follows: For high-angle incident light (such as summer incident light with a small angle to the window normal), the light undergoes total internal reflection (TIR) ​​in the air cavity composed of the first carrier and the second carrier, and is reflected back to the outside, thus blocking strong light; For low-angle incident light (such as winter incident light with a large angle to the window normal), the light is refracted through the carrier layer and the air cavity, reaches the functional layer that is set to reflect, and is directionally reflected to a preset area in the room (such as the ceiling), thus realizing the functions of light collection and light guiding.

[0087] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model, and do not imply or require that the device or element referred to have a specific orientation or construction method, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish the objects of description and should not be construed as limiting importance or order, and the features defined by such terms may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" in the description of this utility model refers to two or more.

[0088] The terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly, unless otherwise explicitly defined, to include, but are not limited to, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integrally formed connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand their meaning based on the specific technical solution. The fixed connections involved in this utility model, unless otherwise stated, include both detachable fixed connections (such as bolt and screw connections) and non-detachable fixed connections (such as riveting and welding), and may also include integral structures achieved through an integral forming process (such as casting) (except where integral forming is clearly impossible).

[0089] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in this utility model to indicate positional relationships or shapes cover states or shapes that are similar to, close to, or adjacent to them.

[0090] Any component provided by this utility model can be assembled from multiple individual components, or it can be a single component manufactured by a one-piece molding process.

[0091] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this utility model can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that this utility model can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model.

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same component or part.

[0093] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0094] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that this utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this utility model. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An optical functional film, applied in a photovoltaic module, display, or light control module, comprising a first carrier layer and at least one second carrier layer, wherein the first carrier layer and the second carrier layer are fixedly bonded together, and at least one optically functional cavity is formed between them, characterized in that: It also includes a functional layer, which is fixedly disposed on the surface of the second carrier layer away from the first carrier layer. The spatial distribution structure of the functional layer includes at least one or more of the following: composite stacking structure, heterogeneous functional structure, discontinuous patterned structure, or structure with surface microstructure.

2. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer is a composite stacked structure consisting of at least two sub-layers with different functions stacked vertically. The composite stacked structure includes a high-reflectivity sub-layer close to the second carrier layer and a thermally conductive enhancement sub-layer away from the second carrier layer.

3. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer is a heterogeneous functional layer that is internally divided into at least two functional regions.

4. The optical functional film according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical functional film is applied to a photovoltaic module, and the heterogeneous functional layer includes a high-reflectivity region spatially corresponding to the gaps between cells in the photovoltaic module, and a high-thermal-conductivity / heat-absorbing region spatially corresponding to the grid lines or solder strips on the cells.

5. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer has a discontinuous patterned structure on the surface of the second carrier layer; the patterned structure is a grid, a stripe array, a dot array, or a honeycomb.

6. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the internal functional filler of the functional layer is spatially gradient-distributed to form a gradient physical property zone in at least one region of the functional layer.

7. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the functional layer facing the second carrier layer has a pre-defined microstructure for managing light.

8. The optical functional film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer includes a matrix material and multiple discrete functional components embedded therein.

9. The optical functional film according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The functional layer is a coating / printing type functional layer or a deposition type functional layer.

10. A photovoltaic module, display, or light control module, characterized in that: Includes the optical functional film as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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