Flip-flop, excitation protection circuit, circuit protection device, battery protection circuit and power supply device

Abstract

The application relates to a trigger, an excitation protection circuit, a circuit protection device, a battery protection circuit and a power supply device. The trigger has a first conductive path used for being connected with a load circuit, and the trigger is configured to reach a resistance threshold value when a fault current occurs in the load circuit, and the trigger is used for triggering a circuit protection component in response to the resistance threshold value reached by the first conductive path. The above trigger has high reliability and can meet the requirement of safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of relay technology, and in particular to a trigger, excitation protection circuit, circuit protection device, battery protection circuit and power supply device. Background Technology

[0002] In products such as battery devices or energy storage batteries for new energy vehicles, excitation protection circuits are typically installed to improve electrical safety. These circuits disconnect the load circuit in the event of a short circuit, preventing accidents. Traditional excitation protection circuits usually include relays and triggers. The relays are connected to the load circuit, and the triggers include thermal fuses, Hall effect sensors, reed switches, or other magnetic induction switches. A thermal fuse melts when the load circuit is short-circuited, breaking the circuit it's connected to, thus generating an excitation signal to control the relay to disconnect the load circuit. The magnetic induction switch senses the current in the load circuit and sends an excitation signal to control the relay to disconnect the load circuit when a short circuit occurs. However, in traditional excitation protection circuits, the reliability of the triggers is poor, making it difficult to meet safety performance requirements. Utility Model Content

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to address the problem of poor reliability of triggers in traditional excitation and protection circuits by providing a trigger, excitation and protection circuit, circuit protection device, battery protection circuit, and power supply device.

[0004] A trigger has a first conductive path for connection to a load circuit, the trigger being configured such that when a fault current occurs in the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, the trigger being used to trigger a circuit protection component in response to the resistance threshold reached by the first conductive path.

[0005] An excitation protection circuit includes a circuit protection component, a first circuit, a second circuit, and a trigger as described above. The trigger further includes a second conductive path, the current in which the current reaches a preset current when the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, thereby triggering the circuit protection component. The circuit protection component includes a switching mechanism and a disconnect triggering mechanism. The first circuit connects the switching mechanism and the first conductive path of the trigger in series and is used to connect in series to a load circuit. The switching mechanism is used to conduct the load circuit. The second circuit connects the trigger and the disconnect triggering mechanism in parallel through the second conductive path. The disconnect triggering mechanism is configured to disconnect the switching mechanism when the current in the second circuit is greater than or equal to a preset current.

[0006] A circuit protection device includes an excitation protection circuit as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0007] A battery protection circuit includes the circuit protection device described above.

[0008] A power supply device includes a battery pack and a battery protection circuit as described in any of the above embodiments, the battery protection circuit being electrically connected to the battery pack.

[0009] The aforementioned trigger, when the current in the load circuit increases (i.e., the current in the first conductive path increases), the resistance of the first conductive path increases. When a fault current occurs in the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, enabling the circuit protection component to be triggered in response to the resistance threshold reached by the first conductive path, thereby achieving the protection function for the load circuit. The setting of triggering the disconnection mechanism by changing the resistance of the first conductive path allows for adjusting the resistance change of the first conductive path for different short-circuit currents, improving the accuracy of short-circuit disconnection. Simultaneously, it ensures a rapid triggering response and is less susceptible to magnetic field interference, thus improving the reliability of the trigger and the excitation protection circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the excitation protection circuit when the first conductive element and the second conductive element are in contact in some embodiments.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the excitation protection circuit when the current of the second circuit is greater than or equal to a preset current in some embodiments.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger structure when the first conductive element and the second conductive element are in contact in some embodiments.

[0013] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows an explosion of the trigger.

[0014] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the trigger from another angle.

[0015] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the AA direction.

[0016] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the BB direction.

[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a trigger when the first conductive element and the second conductive element are spaced apart in some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 9 for Figure 8The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the CC direction.

[0019] Figure 10 for Figure 8 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the DD direction.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first conductive element and the first magnetic element in some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 12 for Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of some components in the trigger.

[0022] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second conductive element and the first signal pin in some embodiments.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit protection component that is a fire fuse in some embodiments.

[0024] Figure 15 This is a circuit diagram of an excitation and protection circuit that employs a snap-fit ​​first conductive element in some embodiments.

[0025] Figure 16 for Figure 15 The circuit diagram shown is for the excitation protection circuit when the first conductive element and the second conductive element are spaced apart.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a circuit diagram of the battery protection circuit in some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 18 for Figure 17 The circuit diagram shown is for the battery protection circuit when the first and second conductive components are spaced apart.

[0028] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger structure in some other embodiments.

[0029] Figure 20 for Figure 19 The diagram shows an explosion of the trigger.

[0030] Figure 21 for Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the trigger from another angle.

[0031] Figure 22 for Figure 21 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the EE direction.

[0032] Figure 23 for Figure 21 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the FF direction.

[0033] Figure 24 for Figure 19 The diagram shows the structure of the trigger after the active element rotates relative to the second conductive element.

[0034] Figure 25 for Figure 19 The diagram shows the structure of the trigger when the actuator is rotated to its limit position.

[0035] Figure 26 for Figure 25 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the GG direction.

[0036] Figure 27 for Figure 25 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the trigger along the HH direction.

[0037] Figure 28 for Figure 19 The diagram shows the structure of the first conductive element and the pressing element in the trigger.

[0038] Figure 29 for Figure 28 The diagram shows the structure of the first conductive element and the pressing element at another angle.

[0039] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active element and the fourth magnetic conductive element in some embodiments.

[0040] Figure 31 for Figure 30 The diagram shows the structure of the active component and the fourth magnetic component from another angle.

[0041] Figure 32 for Figure 30 The diagram shows the structure of the active component and the fourth magnetic component at another angle.

[0042] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second conductive element and the third magnetic conductive element in some embodiments.

[0043] Figure 34 for Figure 33 The diagram shows the structure of the second conductive element and the third magnetic conductive element from another angle. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0046] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0049] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0050] In traditional excitation and protection circuits, thermal fuses or magnetic induction switches such as Hall effect sensors and reed switches are typically used as triggers. When using a thermal fuse, the fuse element melts when the load circuit is short-circuited, thus triggering a relay to disconnect the load circuit. When using a magnetic induction switch, the magnetic induction element is connected to the trigger circuit. The magnetic induction switch senses the magnitude of the current in the load circuit and conducts the trigger circuit when the current is greater than or equal to the short-circuit current, thereby triggering a relay to disconnect the load circuit.

[0051] However, thermal fuses generate little heat when the short-circuit current is short, making it difficult to melt quickly, especially at low short-circuit currents. To achieve rapid melting, the current cutoff of the fuse element usually needs to be reduced, potentially causing it to melt even at rated current. Magnetic induction switches are susceptible to magnetic field interference and generally require an amplification circuit to amplify their signal, resulting in slow response times. Therefore, the reliability of triggers in traditional excitation protection circuits is poor, making it difficult to meet safety performance requirements.

[0052] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a trigger, an excitation protection circuit, a circuit protection device, a battery protection circuit, and a power supply device.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the excitation protection circuit 10 in some embodiments of this application is shown. Figure 2 A circuit diagram of the excitation protection circuit 10 when the load circuit is short-circuited is shown. In some embodiments, the excitation protection circuit 10 includes a circuit protection component 11, a first circuit 12, a trigger 20, and a second circuit 13. The circuit protection component 11 includes a switching mechanism 111 and a disconnecting trigger mechanism 112. The switching mechanism 111 is connected in series to the load circuit through the first circuit 12 and is capable of turning on the load circuit.

[0054] The switching mechanism 111 may include a moving contact structure and two stationary contact structures. The two stationary contact structures are respectively used to connect to the load circuit. When the moving contact structure makes contact with the two stationary contact structures and conducts, the moving contact structure and the two stationary contact structures form a loop, which can conduct the first circuit 12 and thus conduct the load circuit. The disconnection trigger mechanism 112 is configured to drive the moving contact structure to move away from the two stationary contact structures until the moving contact structure and the two stationary contact structures are electrically isolated, so that the load circuit is disconnected at the switching mechanism 111.

[0055] The trigger 20 is connected in series to the first circuit 12 through the first conductive path. The trigger 20 is configured such that the resistance of the first conductive path increases as the current in the first circuit 12 (the circuit to which the first conductive path is connected) increases. The second circuit 13 is connected in parallel with the trigger 20 and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112. When the first circuit 12 is connected to the load circuit and the load circuit is not short-circuited, the resistance of the first conductive path is less than the resistance of the disconnect trigger mechanism 112. That is, the current in the first circuit 12 is greater than the current in the second circuit 13. When the resistance of the first conductive path is much smaller than the resistance of the disconnect trigger mechanism 112, the current in the second circuit 13 can be approximately zero, and the current in the first circuit 12 can be approximately equal to the current in the load circuit. Of course, depending on the different resistance settings of the first conductive path and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112, the current in the second circuit 13 may not be zero, in which case the current in the first circuit 12 is greater than the current in the second circuit 13 and less than the current in the load circuit.

[0056] In this application, when the load circuit is not short-circuited (e.g., under rated voltage), the resistance of the first conductive path is designated as a first resistance, and the current in the second circuit 13 is designated as a first current, which can be approximately equal to 0. When the load circuit is short-circuited, the resistance of the first conductive path is designated as a second resistance, and the current in the second circuit is designated as a preset current. The second resistance and the preset current correspond to the minimum short-circuit current. The preset current is greater than the first current, and the second resistance is greater than the first resistance. The specific values ​​of the preset current, the first current, the second resistance, and the first resistance can be set according to the rated current and short-circuit current of the load circuit, and are not specifically limited in this application.

[0057] The disconnect trigger mechanism 112 is configured to drive the moving contact structure away from the stationary contact structure to disconnect the switching mechanism 111 when the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to a preset current, so that the load circuit is disconnected at the switching mechanism 111.

[0058] Understandably, when the switching mechanism 111 connects the load circuit, the current in the first circuit 12 changes with the current in the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path changes with the current in the first circuit 12, and the current in the second circuit 13 changes with the resistance of the first conductive path. When the current in the load circuit increases to the short-circuit current, the resistance of the first conductive path increases to the second resistance, thereby causing the current in the second circuit 13 to increase to the preset current, causing the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 to disconnect the switching mechanism 111, thus achieving short-circuit protection for the load circuit.

[0059] The aforementioned excitation protection circuit 10 triggers the disconnection trigger mechanism 112 to disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 by changing the resistance of the first conductive path. This allows for setting the resistance change of the first conductive path for different short-circuit currents, improving the accuracy of short-circuit disconnection. At the same time, the current in the second circuit 13 can change in real time with the resistance of the first conductive path, making the trigger response of the disconnection trigger mechanism 112 rapid and less susceptible to magnetic field interference, thus improving the reliability of the excitation protection circuit 10.

[0060] The specific structure of the trigger 20 is not limited, as long as the resistance of the first conductive path can increase with the increase of current. The following are examples of the structure of the trigger 20 in some embodiments.

[0061] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, based on the excitation protection circuit 10 described above, this application also provides a trigger 20. The trigger 20 is connected in series to the load circuit through a first conductive path. The trigger 20 also includes a second conductive path, which is used to connect the trigger 20 in parallel with the disconnect trigger mechanism of the circuit protection component 11 to form a second circuit 13. The trigger 20 is configured such that the resistance of the first conductive path increases with the increase of the current on the trigger 20, so that the current in the second circuit 13 increases with the increase of the current on the trigger 20. When the trigger 20 is applied in the excitation protection circuit 10, the current in the second circuit 13 can change in real time with the resistance of the first conductive path, making the trigger response of the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 rapid and less susceptible to magnetic field interference, thereby improving the reliability of the trigger 20 and the excitation protection circuit 10.

[0062] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 includes a first conductive element 24 and a second conductive element 22, which together constitute a first conductive path of the trigger 20. The first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 are connected in series in a load circuit. The trigger 20 is configured such that the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 can move relatively away from each other when the current in the first circuit 12 increases, thereby increasing the distance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22. That is, in this embodiment, the trigger 20 changes the resistance of the first conductive path through the mechanical movement of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22. By changing the distance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, the contact resistance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is changed, thereby changing the resistance of the first conductive path and improving the sensitivity of the resistance change of the first conductive path. It is understood that the resistance of the first conductive path is the resistance of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, including the contact resistance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22.

[0063] Of course, the structure of the trigger 20 is not limited to the above description. Based on the trigger 20 and excitation protection circuit 10 described in any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a trigger 20. The trigger 20 has a first conductive path, which in the above embodiments may be jointly formed by a first conductive element 24 and a second conductive element 22. The first conductive path is used to connect to the load circuit. The trigger 20 is configured such that when a fault current occurs in the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, so that the circuit protection component 11 is triggered in response to the resistance threshold reached by the first conductive path. In this application, a short circuit in the load circuit is taken as an example of a fault current, and the resistance threshold of the first conductive path can be the second resistance described above.

[0064] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a second conductive path, the current in which can reach a preset current when the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, so that the disconnection trigger mechanism 112 of the circuit protection component 11 is triggered.

[0065] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a magnetically conductive component configured to apply a magnetic field force to at least one of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 when the first circuit 12 is energized, causing the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 to move away from each other. The magnetic field force applied by the magnetically conductive component to at least one of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 increases with the increase of the current in the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22. That is, in this embodiment, the trigger 20 realizes the mechanical movement between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 through the magnetic field force provided by the magnetically conductive component. The magnetic field force of the magnetically conductive component can change in real time with the change of current, which is beneficial to improving the sensitivity of the resistance of the first conductive path to the change of current and improving the response speed of the trigger 20.

[0066] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, taking the bridged first conductive element 24 as an example, the trigger 20 includes a housing 21, a first conductive element 24 and two second conductive elements 22. The two second conductive elements 22 are fixedly disposed on the housing 21 and each partially extends out of the housing 21 to be electrically connected to the first circuit 12, thereby connecting the trigger 20 in series to the first circuit 12.

[0067] Combination Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the first conductive element 24 contacts and forms a circuit with the two second conductive elements 22, so that the first circuit 12 is turned on at the trigger 20. The trigger 20 is configured such that when the current in the first circuit 12 increases, the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 can move relatively away, thereby increasing the resistance of the first conductive path.

[0068] For example, in Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first conductive element 24 is movably disposed within the housing 21. The first conductive element 24 can move away from the second conductive element 22 to increase the contact resistance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, thereby increasing the resistance of the first conductive path. (Reference) Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, when the load circuit is short-circuited, the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 are separated, the resistance of the first conductive path increases to the second resistance, the current of the second circuit 13 increases to the preset current, and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 disconnects the on / off mechanism 111.

[0069] It should be noted that since the current carrying capacity of the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 is usually small, if the current in the second circuit 13 is too large, it can easily cause the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 to burn out and fail, or cause the wires connecting the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 and the second circuit 13 to burn out. To avoid this situation, in some embodiments, the maximum spring-off distance of the first conductive element 24 relative to the second conductive element 22 can be set so that when the resistance of the first conductive path reaches the second resistance, the first conductive element 24 and the two second conductive elements 22 can still be connected by an arc, so that the current is shared by the first circuit 12 before the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 disconnects the first circuit 12, thereby reducing the preset current of the second circuit 13, reducing the risk of damage to the disconnect trigger mechanism 112, and improving the reliability of the excitation protection circuit 10.

[0070] For example, refer to Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the inner wall of the housing 21 on the side of the first conductive member 24 facing away from the second conductive member 22 is provided with a limiting structure 25 protruding towards the first conductive member 24. When the first conductive member 24 is in contact with the two second conductive members 22 and conducts electricity, the limiting structure 25 is spaced apart from the first conductive member 24. The limiting structure 25 is used to abut against the first conductive member 24 on the path in which the first conductive member 24 moves away from the second conductive member 22. When the first conductive member 24 moves away from the second conductive member 22 until it abuts the limiting structure 25, the first conductive member 24 can no longer move away from the second conductive member 22. At this time, the resistance of the first conductive path can be exactly the second resistance, and the first conductive member 24 and the two second conductive members 22 are connected by an electric arc.

[0071] By limiting the maximum retraction distance of the first conductive element 24 relative to the second conductive element 22 through the limiting structure 25, it is possible to ensure that the first conductive element 24 remains connected to the second conductive element 22 even when the resistance of the first conductive path is equal to the second resistance, thereby sharing the current of the second circuit 13 and reducing the risk of damage to the disconnect trigger mechanism 112. The height and position of the limiting structure 25 and the maximum retraction distance of the first conductive element 24 can be specifically set according to the short-circuit current of the load circuit and the current carrying capacity of the disconnect trigger mechanism 112, and are not specifically limited in this application.

[0072] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a first elastic retainer 26 disposed on the side of the first conductive member 24 facing away from the second conductive member 22. The first elastic retainer 26 is compressed by the first conductive member 24 and undergoes elastic deformation, thereby applying an elastic force to the first conductive member 24 pointing towards the second conductive member 22, so as to elastically press the first conductive member 24 against the second conductive member 22 and maintain the contact and conduction between the first conductive member 24 and the second conductive member 22. When the spring-removing force between the first conductive member 24 and the second conductive member 22 is greater than the elastic force applied by the first elastic retainer 26 to the first conductive member 24, the first conductive member 24 moves away from the second conductive member 22.

[0073] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a first magnetic conductive element 27 and a second magnetic conductive element 28. The first magnetic conductive element 27 and the second magnetic conductive element 28 together constitute the magnetic conductive assembly of the trigger 20. The first magnetic conductive element 27 is disposed on the first conductive element 24, and the second magnetic conductive element 28 is disposed on the side of the first conductive element 24 facing away from the second conductive element 22 and is fixed relative to the second conductive element 22. Understandably, when the first conductive element 24 and the two second conductive elements 22 are connected to the first circuit 12, the first magnetic element 27 and the second magnetic element 28 will be magnetized and generate a magnetic field force that attracts each other. This force can exert a force on the first conductive element 24 that is directed away from the second conductive element 22. The magnetic field force exerted by the second magnetic element 28 on the first conductive element 24 is part of the force that the first conductive element 24 springs away from the second conductive element 22. When the force that springs away from the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is greater than the elastic force exerted by the first elastic retaining element 26 on the first conductive element 24, the first conductive element 24 moves away from the second conductive element 22, thereby increasing the resistance of the first conductive path.

[0074] It is understandable that when the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 are turned on, the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 themselves will also generate a relative repulsive force. When the trigger 20 is provided with the first magnetic conductive element 27 and the second magnetic conductive element 28, the magnetic field force exerted by the second magnetic conductive element 28 on the first conductive element 24 and the relative repulsive force generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 together constitute the spring-off force of the first conductive element 24 relative to the second conductive element 22.

[0075] If the short-circuit current of the load circuit is small, when the load circuit is short-circuited, the relative repulsive force generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is less than or equal to the elastic force exerted by the first elastic retaining element 26 on the first conductive element 24. The first conductive element 24 is insufficient to spring away from the second conductive element 22. In this case, the magnetic field force generated by the first magnetic element 27 and the second magnetic element 28 can increase the spring-away force of the first conductive element 24 relative to the second conductive element 22, so that the first conductive element 24 can smoothly spring away from the second conductive element 22 when the load circuit is short-circuited, thereby increasing the resistance of the first conductive path. However, when the short-circuit current of the load circuit is large, and the relative repulsive force generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is sufficient to exceed the elastic force exerted by the first elastic retaining element 26 on the first conductive element 24, the first magnetic element 27 and the second magnetic element 28 can also be omitted. When short-circuited, the first conductive element 24 is springed away from the second conductive element 22 by the repulsive force generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 until the trigger 20 has a second resistance. Whether to provide the first magnetic conductor 27 and the second magnetic conductor 28 can be determined according to the short-circuit current of the load circuit and the required size of the second resistor, and is not limited in this application.

[0076] Combination Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the first magnetic conductive element 27 includes a main body 271 and two reinforcing parts 272. The main body 271 is fixedly disposed on the side of the first conductive element 24 facing away from the second magnetic conductive element 28. The two reinforcing parts 272 are connected to the two ends of the main body 271 respectively and are located on opposite sides of the first conductive element 24. The end faces of the two reinforcing parts 272 facing away from the second conductive element 22 are opposite to the second magnetic conductive element 28. This arrangement can increase the magnetic field force between the first magnetic conductive element 27 and the second magnetic conductive element 28, which is beneficial for the first conductive element 24 to smoothly spring away from the second conductive element 22 when the load circuit is short-circuited.

[0077] In some embodiments, when the first conductive element 24 is released relative to the second conductive element 22 and comes into contact with the limiting structure 25, the end faces of the two reinforcing parts 272 also come into contact with the surface of the second magnetic conductive element 28 facing the first conductive element 24, which can work together with the limiting structure 25 to limit the first conductive element 24, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the trigger 20 structure.

[0078] In some embodiments, the limiting structure 25 has an opening facing the first conductive element 24, and the second magnetic element 28 is installed in the mounting groove. Installing the second magnetic element 28 within the space of the limiting structure 25 helps to improve the compactness of the trigger 20 structure and reduce the space occupied by the trigger 20. Simultaneously, the second magnetic element 28 facing the first conductive element 24 and the first magnetic element 27 from within the opening of the limiting structure 25 also helps to enhance the magnetic field force between the first magnetic element 27 and the second magnetic element 28.

[0079] refer to Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the trigger 20 is further provided with an arc-extinguishing structure 29. Since when the first conductive element 24 is released relative to the second conductive element 22, an electric arc is conducted between the first conductive element 24 and the two second conductive elements 22 to share the current of the second circuit 13, preventing damage to the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 due to excessive current. The arc-extinguishing structure 29 provided within the housing 21 can extinguish the arc generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, preventing the arc from igniting and improving the safety performance of the trigger 20. The arc-extinguishing structure 29 includes, but is not limited to, a magnet or an arc-extinguishing grid.

[0080] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the trigger 20 is provided with two arc-extinguishing structures 29, each corresponding to one end of the first conductive element 24. Each arc-extinguishing structure 29 has a limiting groove 291 facing the first conductive element 24, with the end of the first conductive element 24 located within the limiting groove 291. When the first conductive element 24 moves to its limit position away from the second conductive element 22, it abuts against the sidewall of the limiting groove 291. In this way, the arc-extinguishing structure 29 can be tightly integrated with the structure of the first conductive element 24, improving the arc-extinguishing effect. Simultaneously, the limiting groove 291 can be provided as needed to limit the movement of the first conductive element 24 relative to the second conductive element 22, improving structural reliability and stability.

[0081] In some embodiments, the arc-extinguishing structure 29 is provided with an arc-guiding portion 292 extending toward the second conductive element 22, and the arc-guiding portion 292 is partially located between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22. By providing the arc-guiding portion 292 on the arc-extinguishing structure 29 closer to the conducting position of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, the arc generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 can be guided to the arc-extinguishing structure 29, improving the arc-extinguishing effect. It is understood that the setting of the limiting groove 291, while providing a limiting function for the first conductive element 24, also helps to reduce the difficulty of forming the arc-guiding portion 292, thereby reducing the fabrication difficulty and cost of the trigger 20.

[0082] Please see Figure 12In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes two supports 31, which can be U-shaped structures. The two supports 31 are spaced apart along the extending direction of the first conductive element 24. The two ends of the first conductive element 24 are located within the space formed by the two supports 31, and the ends of the two supports 31 are fixedly connected to the two second conductive elements 22. The first elastic retaining member 26 is located within the space formed by the supports 31, with one end abutting against the first conductive element 24 and the other end abutting against the inner wall of the supports 31. In some embodiments, the limiting structure 25 and the second magnetic conductive element 28 are located in the space between the two supports 31. In this way, the supports 31 can integrate the two second conductive elements 22, the first conductive element 24, and the first elastic retaining member 26 into a single structure, which can improve structural stability and reliability, and at the same time, improve the structural compactness and layout rationality of the trigger 20.

[0083] The number of first elastic retaining members 26 is unlimited, and can be specifically set according to the elastic force required by the first conductive member 24. Figure 12 In the embodiment shown, four first elastic retainers 26 are provided. The first elastic retainers 26 are located in pairs within the two supports 31, and the corresponding two first elastic retainers 26 are spaced apart in the width direction of the first conductive member 24. By elastically abutting the first conductive member 24 at different positions, sufficient elastic force can be provided to the first conductive member 24 to prevent the first conductive member 24 from popping open when the load circuit does not reach the short circuit current. It can also improve the stability of the movement of the first conductive member 24 relative to the second conductive member 22 and the structural reliability.

[0084] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, one of the second conductive elements 22 has a first stationary contact 221, and the other second conductive element 22 has a second stationary contact 231. The first conductive element 24 has a bridged structure and has a first moving contact 241 and a second moving contact 242 spaced apart. The first moving contact 241 is in contact with the first stationary contact 221 and conducts, and the second moving contact 242 is in contact with the second stationary contact 231 and conducts. When the current in the first circuit 12 increases, the first conductive element 24 can move away from the second conductive element 22, so that the first moving contact 241 and the first stationary contact 221 move away from each other, and the second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231 move away from each other.

[0085] It is understandable that by using a bridged first conductive element 24, when the first conductive element 24 is released relative to the second conductive element 22, the contact resistance between the first moving contact 241 and the first stationary contact 221, as well as the contact resistance between the second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231, can all increase. This can be superimposed to increase the resistance of the first conductive path, which is beneficial to make the resistance change of the first conductive path more sensitive. This allows the excitation protection circuit 10 to sensitively sense the short circuit of the load circuit even under load circuit conditions with small short circuit current, thereby improving the applicability of the excitation protection circuit 10.

[0086] It is understandable that the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 are connected through the moving contact and the stationary contact, which also helps to reduce the contact resistance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, thereby reducing the resistance of the first conductive path and preventing the arc from overheating due to excessive resistance of the first conductive path, which could then burn out the first conductive path.

[0087] Combination Figure 8 and Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a first signal pin 32 and a second signal pin 33. The first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are connected in parallel with the first conductive path to form the second conductive path of the trigger 20. Both the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are connected to the second circuit 13 in parallel with the disconnect trigger mechanism 112. The first signal pin 32 is electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements 22, and the second signal pin 33 is electrically connected to one of the second conductive elements 22 and the first conductive element 24. That is, the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 act as a conductor between the trigger 20 and the second circuit 13. One of the second conductive elements 22 with a first stationary contact 221, the first conductive element 24, and the second conductive element 22 with a second stationary contact 231 is connected in parallel with the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 through the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33.

[0088] Understandably, the current in the second circuit 13 varies with the resistance of the loop between the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33. When the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are respectively disposed on the two second conductive elements 22, the loop between the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 passes through the conductive point between the two second conductive elements 22 and the first conductive element 24. This allows the changes in the contact resistance between the two second conductive elements 22 and the first conductive element 24 to superimpose and change the current in the second circuit 13, which helps to make the excitation protection circuit 10 more sensitive to short-circuit current.

[0089] In some embodiments, two spaced-apart first stationary contacts 221 and two spaced-apart second stationary contacts 231 are provided. Correspondingly, two spaced-apart first moving contacts 241 are provided, with each of the two first moving contacts 241 corresponding to one of the two first stationary contacts 221. Two spaced-apart second moving contacts 242 are provided, with each of the two second moving contacts 242 corresponding to one of the two second stationary contacts 231. A first signal pin 32 is electrically connected to a second conductive element 22 with first stationary contacts 221 via two contacts, and the two contacts of the first signal pin 32 are located between and spaced apart from the two first stationary contacts 221. A second signal pin 33 is electrically connected to a second conductive element 22 with second stationary contacts 231 via two contacts, and the two contacts of the second signal pin 33 are located between the two second stationary contacts 231. This configuration improves the space utilization efficiency of the trigger 20, enhances structural compactness, and helps shorten the routing path of the second circuit 13.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are respectively disposed on the side of the two second conductive elements 22 facing away from the first conductive element 24. In this way, the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are far away from the gap between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, which can reduce the influence of the electric arc generated between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 on the signal pins and prevent the electric arc from affecting the sensing accuracy of the excitation protection circuit 10 for short-circuit current.

[0091] In some embodiments, when the first conductive element 24 adopts a bridging structure, the first conductive element 24 can be fixedly disposed within the housing 21, and the two second conductive elements 22 can be movably disposed on the housing 21. By moving the two second conductive elements 22 away from the first conductive element 24, the resistance of the first conductive path can also be increased. In this embodiment, the first elastic retaining member 26 can be disposed on the side of the two second conductive elements 22 facing away from the first conductive element 24, the first magnetic conductive member 27 is disposed on the two second conductive elements 22, and the second magnetic conductive member 28 is disposed on the side of the two second conductive elements 22 facing away from the first conductive element 24. The adjustment of each structure can be obtained with reference to the above description, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] Please see again. Figure 1In some embodiments, the circuit protection component 11 can be a pyrotechnic relay, and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 includes a signal receiver and a pyrotechnic generator electrically connected in phase, and a second circuit 13 connected in parallel with a trigger 20 and a signal receiver. The signal receiver is configured to output a trigger signal to the pyrotechnic generator when the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to a preset current, and the pyrotechnic generator is configured to generate an impact force to disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 when it receives the trigger signal. For example, the pyrotechnic generator may have an igniter, gunpowder, and a piston. When the pyrotechnic generator receives the trigger signal, the igniter can ignite the gunpowder to generate high-pressure gas, which pushes the piston to move and push the moving contact structure away from the stationary contact structure, thereby disconnecting the on / off mechanism 111.

[0093] Please see Figure 14 As shown, in some other embodiments, the circuit protection component 11 may also be a pyrotechnic fuse, the switching mechanism 111 may be a conductor that connects the second circuit 13, and the disconnection triggering mechanism 112 includes a signal receiver and a pyrotechnic generator that are electrically connected. The second circuit 13 is connected in parallel with a trigger 20 and a signal receiver. The signal receiver is configured to output a trigger signal to the pyrotechnic generator when the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to a preset current. The pyrotechnic generator is configured to generate heat in the fused portion of the second circuit 13 when it receives the trigger signal, thereby disconnecting the second circuit. For example, the part of the second circuit 13 connected by the switching mechanism 111 may be fused.

[0094] Of course, the switching mechanism 111 and the disconnection triggering mechanism 112 can have any other applicable settings, as long as the switching mechanism 111 can conduct the first circuit 12, and the disconnection triggering mechanism 112 can disconnect the switching mechanism 111 when the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to the preset current.

[0095] refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, in some other embodiments, the trigger 20 may also employ a snap-fit ​​structure for the first conductive element 24. For example, one end of the first conductive element 24 is connected to the first circuit 12, and the other end is provided with a second moving contact 242. The second conductive element 22 is provided with a second stationary contact 231. The second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231 are in contact and connected. At least a portion of the first conductive element 24 can undergo elastic deformation so that the second moving contact 242 moves away from the second stationary contact 231. In this embodiment, the first elastic retaining member 26 elastically abuts against the side of the first conductive element 24 facing away from the second conductive element 22. When the current in the first circuit 12 increases, one end of the first conductive element 24 remains connected to the second conductive element 22. The first conductive element 24 deforms and partially moves away from the second conductive element 22, thereby increasing the contact resistance between the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22, which also achieves the effect of increasing the resistance of the first conductive path.

[0096] This application also provides a circuit protection device, including a housing structure and an excitation protection circuit 10 as described in any of the above embodiments. A circuit protection component 11 and a trigger 20 are assembled on the housing structure and connected in series via wires to form a first circuit 12. The circuit protection device may also have a port electrically connected to the first circuit 12, so that the first circuit 12 can be connected in series to a load circuit. The trigger 20 is connected in parallel with the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 in the circuit protection component 11 via a first signal pin 32, a second signal pin 33, and wires to form a second circuit 13. Of course, reference... Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, at least some of the lines of the first circuit 12 and the second circuit 13, such as the traces between the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112, can also be provided on a circuit board such as a printed circuit board provided in the circuit protection device.

[0097] The circuit protection device integrates a trigger 20 and a circuit protection component 11. The resistance of the first conductive path can change with the magnitude of the current. The circuit protection component 11 can disconnect the load circuit when the load circuit is short-circuited according to the change in resistance of the first conductive path, thereby enabling the circuit protection device to achieve short-circuit protection for the load circuit.

[0098] In the circuit protection device, the trigger 20 and the circuit protection component 11 can be separate structures, that is, the trigger 20 and the circuit protection component 11 are first installed in different housing structures, and then the trigger 20 and the circuit protection component 11 are assembled and fixed. In other embodiments, the trigger 20 and the circuit protection component 11 can also be an integrated structure. For example, when the circuit protection component 11 is a pyrotechnic relay or a pyrotechnic fuse, the trigger 20 is integrated into the housing structure of the circuit protection component 11 to reduce the size of the circuit protection device and improve space utilization efficiency.

[0099] refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments, this application also provides a battery protection circuit 50, which includes a circuit protection device as described in any of the above embodiments. The battery protection circuit 50 can be applied to any suitable power supply device such as a battery of a new energy vehicle or an energy storage battery. The battery protection circuit 50 is electrically connected to the battery pack in the power supply device and is used to provide protection for the battery pack in the power supply device, for example, to disconnect the circuit when the battery pack is short-circuited. The load circuit of the circuit protection device can be the power supply circuit of the battery pack.

[0100] In some embodiments, the battery protection circuit 50 further includes a battery management module 51, which can be a module in the power supply device used to detect the performance parameters of the battery pack, control the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, and record battery usage data.

[0101] The battery management module 51 is electrically connected to the trigger 20 and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112. The battery management module 51 is configured to output a trigger signal to the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 to disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 when the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to a preset current. The disconnect trigger mechanism 112 can disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 after receiving the trigger signal from the battery management module 51, thereby disconnecting the load circuit. The battery management module 51 can be electrically connected to the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33, and can collect the electrical signals from the first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33, thereby monitoring the current in the second circuit 13.

[0102] The battery management module 51 monitors the current of the second circuit 13 and outputs a trigger signal to the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 to disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 when the current of the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to the preset current. In this way, if the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 fails and does not actively disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 when the load circuit is short-circuited, the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 can be driven to disconnect the on / off mechanism 111 by means of the trigger signal output by the battery management module 51, thereby realizing double insurance for short circuit protection and improving the reliability of the battery protection circuit 50.

[0103] It should be noted that, in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, when the first circuit 12 is conducting the load circuit, the second circuit 13 is always in a conducting state. The magnitude of the current in the second circuit 13 depends on the current in the load circuit and the resistance difference between the trigger 20 and the disconnection of the first conductive path. When the resistance of the first conductive path is less than the resistance of the disconnection trigger mechanism 112, the greater the difference between the resistance of the first conductive path and the resistance of the disconnection trigger mechanism 112, the smaller the current in the second circuit 13.

[0104] In this embodiment, the second circuit 13 is always in a conducting state. The current in the second circuit 13 can change in real time with the change in resistance of the first conductive path. The change in current of the second circuit 13 does not involve mechanical movement or intermediate processes, which can improve the response speed of the current change of the second circuit 13, thereby improving the response speed of the trigger 20 to short-circuit induction, improving the reliability of the excitation protection circuit 10, and helping to meet the safety performance requirements. As can be seen from the above description, the fact that the second circuit 13 is always in a conducting state does not mean that there is always current flowing through the second circuit 13; the current in the second circuit 13 can also be approximately equal to 0.

[0105] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 To prevent the first conductive element 24 from sticking to the second conductive element 22, causing the trigger 20 to malfunction, other embodiments of this application also provide a trigger 20 with a different structure. The trigger 20 provided in this embodiment can be applied to the excitation protection circuit 10 described in any of the above embodiments. The settings of other parts in the excitation protection circuit 10 can be obtained with reference to the above description. In some embodiments, the trigger 20 includes a first conductive element 24, a second conductive element 22, a pressing element 36, and a holding mechanism, combined with... Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown, the first conductive element 24 is in contact with the second conductive element 22, and the pressing element 36 abuts against the side of the first conductive element 24 facing away from the second conductive element 22. The retaining mechanism includes a second elastic retaining element 37 and an actuating element 38. The second elastic retaining element 37 elastically abuts against the actuating element 38, so that the actuating element 38 can limit the pressing element 36, maintaining the abutment of the pressing element 36 against the first conductive element 24, thereby elastically pressing the first conductive element 24 against the second conductive element 22.

[0106] refer to Figure 24 As shown, the second conductive element 22 is connected in series in the first circuit 12 and is connected to the load circuit through the first circuit 12. The trigger 20 is configured such that when the current of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 increases, that is, when the current of the first circuit 12 increases, the actuating element 38 can move relative to the second conductive element 22 to increase the squeezing effect of the actuating element 38 on the second elastic retaining element 37. Furthermore, referring to... Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, when the current of the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is greater than or equal to the short-circuit current of the load circuit, the actuating element 38 moves relative to the second conductive element 22 to release the limit of the pressing element 36, so that the first conductive element 24 can spring away relative to the second conductive element 22.

[0107] Understandably, before the current in the load circuit increases to the short-circuit current, the first conductive element 24 cannot be released relative to the second conductive element 22 due to the limiting effect of the holding mechanism and the pressing member 36 on the first conductive element 24. When the load circuit is short-circuited, the holding mechanism releases the limiting effect of the pressing member 36, and the first conductive element 24 can instantly be released relative to the second conductive element 22 to the position where the resistance of the first conductive path is the second resistance, so that the current in the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to the preset current, thereby causing the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 to disconnect the switching mechanism 111, thus achieving the short-circuit protection effect on the load circuit.

[0108] In the aforementioned trigger 20, when the current in the load circuit increases, the actuating element 38 can move relative to the second conductive element 22, gradually increasing the squeezing force of the actuating element 38 on the second elastic retaining element 37. When the load circuit is short-circuited, the current in the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 is greater than or equal to the short-circuit current of the load circuit. The actuating element 38 moves relative to the second conductive element 22 until it releases the limiting force on the pressing element 36, causing the first conductive element 24 to instantly lose the holding force of the pressing element 36, thus allowing the first conductive element 24 to instantly spring away from the second conductive element 22. This prevents the first conductive element 24 from heating up and sticking to the second conductive element 22 during the slow movement away from it, thus preventing the trigger 20 from failing. This improves the reliability of the trigger 20 and meets safety performance requirements.

[0109] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a magnetically conductive component, which applies a magnetic field force to the actuator 38 to drive the actuator 38 to move relative to the second conductive component 22. The magnetic field force applied by the magnetically conductive component to the actuator 38 increases with the increase of the current on the first conductive component 24 and the second conductive component 22. In other words, in this embodiment, the trigger 20 achieves the movement of the actuator 38 through the magnetic field force of the magnetically conductive component. The magnetic field force can change in real time with the change of current, thereby improving the response speed of the trigger 20.

[0110] refer to Figure 21 , Figure 28 and Figure 29 As shown, in some embodiments, the pressing member 36 includes a pressing portion 361, a connecting portion 362, and a mating portion 363. The pressing portion 361 abuts against the side of the first conductive member 24 facing away from the second conductive member 22. The mating portion 363 is located on the side of the pressing portion 361 facing away from the first conductive member 24. The connecting portion 362 connects the pressing portion 361 and the mating portion 363. The actuating member 38 has a limiting portion 381 that abuts against the mating portion 363 on the side facing away from the first conductive member 24. The actuating member 38 is rotatable relative to the second conductive member 22 about an axis perpendicular to the direction pointing from the first conductive member 24 to the second conductive member 22, so that the limiting portion 381 moves away from the first conductive member 24 until it disengages from the mating portion 363.

[0111] Understandably, when the limiting part 381 abuts against the side of the mating part 363 facing away from the first conductive member 24, under the elastic force of the second elastic retaining member 37, the limiting part 381 applies a force towards the first conductive member 24 to the mating part 363 to maintain the pressing action of the pressing part 361 against the first conductive member 24. As the current in the first circuit 12 gradually increases, the actuating member 38 gradually rotates relative to the second conductive member 22, causing the limiting part 381 to gradually move away from the first conductive member 24, thus gradually reducing the overlap between the limiting part 381 and the mating part 363 on the side of the mating part 363 facing away from the first conductive member 24. Before the limiting part 381 completely disengages from the mating part 363, the limiting part 381 maintains the pressing action of the pressing member 363 against the first conductive member 24, and the first conductive member 24 and the second conductive member 22 remain in contact. When the load circuit is short-circuited, the actuating member 38 rotates relative to the second conductive member 22 until the limiting part 381 completely disengages from the mating part 363, releasing the limiting of the pressing member 36, thereby causing the pressing member 36 and the first conductive member 24 to spring away from the second conductive member 22 as a whole.

[0112] Combination Figure 30 , Figure 31 and Figure 32 As shown, in some embodiments, the actuating member 38 further includes a rotating portion 382 connected to the limiting portion 381. The rotating portion 382 is located on one side of the first conductive member 24 in the extending direction and is rotatable relative to the second conductive member 22. The second elastic retaining member 37 elastically abuts against the side of the rotating portion 382 facing away from the first conductive member 24. When the first conductive member 24 and the second conductive member 22 are in contact and conducting, the end of the rotating portion 382 connected to the limiting portion 381 can be approximately perpendicular to the extending direction of the first conductive member 24, and the axial direction of the second elastic retaining member 37 can be approximately parallel to the extending direction of the first conductive member 24, so that the elastic force applied by the second elastic retaining member 37 to the rotating portion 382 can be effectively converted into the limiting effect applied by the limiting portion 381 to the mating portion 363.

[0113] Combination Figure 21 , Figure 33 as well as Figure 34As shown, in some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a third magnetic element 39 and a fourth magnetic element 41. The third magnetic element 39 and the fourth magnetic element 41 together constitute the magnetic component of the trigger 20. The third magnetic element 39 is disposed on the second conductive element 22, and the fourth magnetic element 41 is disposed on the actuating element 38 and is opposite to the third magnetic element 39. It can be understood that when the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 conduct the load circuit through the first circuit 12, the third magnetic element 39 and the fourth magnetic element 41 will be magnetized and generate a magnetic field force that attracts each other. As the current in the load circuit increases, the actuating element 38 can overcome the elastic force of the second elastic retaining element 37 under the magnetic field force applied by the fourth magnetic element 41, thereby rotating relative to the second conductive element 22. When the load current is short-circuited, the magnetic force between the third magnetic element 39 and the fourth magnetic element 41 increases to the point that it can drive the actuating element 38 to rotate relative to the second conductive element 22 to the position where it releases the limiting effect on the pressing element 36, thereby causing the first conductive element 24 to spring away relative to the second conductive element 22.

[0114] In some embodiments, the actuating member 38 further includes a mounting portion 383, which is connected to the rotating portion 382 and located between the rotating portion 382 and the second conductive member 22. The mounting portion 383 and the end of the rotating portion 382 away from the limiting portion 381 form an angle, and the fourth magnetic conductive member 41 is disposed on the mounting portion 383. By providing the mounting portion 383 at an angle to the rotating portion 382, ​​the installation requirements of the fourth magnetic conductive member 41 can be met, and the fourth magnetic conductive member 41 and the second elastic retaining member 37 will not interfere with each other, which is beneficial to improving the structural reliability and compactness of the trigger 20.

[0115] In some embodiments, the pivot of the actuating member 38 relative to the second conductive member 22 may be located at the connection between the rotating part 382 and the mounting part 383, so that the magnetic field force applied by the fourth magnetic conductive member 41 to the mounting part 383, the elastic force applied by the second elastic retaining member 37 to the rotating part 382, ​​and the extension direction of the limiting part 381 all approximately correspond to the radial position of the rotation circumference, thereby improving the rationality of the structural layout and the stability of the cooperation between the actuating member 38 and the pressing part 361.

[0116] In some embodiments, the second magnetic conductive element 28 protrudes from the mounting portion 383 on the side facing the second conductive element 22. By designing the rotation stroke of the actuating element 38, the actuating element 38 rotates relative to the second conductive element 22 until the second magnetic conductive element 28 abuts against the second conductive element 22. That is, when the actuating element 38 rotates to its limit position, the limiting portion 381 just disengages from the mating portion 363, and the actuating element 38 just releases its limiting effect on the first conductive element 24. This helps improve the product consistency of the trigger 20, facilitates the production of the trigger 20, and improves production accuracy.

[0117] Please see again. Figure 21 and Figure 23 As shown, the trigger 20 provided in this embodiment can also be provided with a limiting structure 25. The limiting structure 25 is located on the side of the first conductive member 24 facing away from the second conductive member 22 and is fixed relative to the second conductive member 22. For example, both the limiting structure 25 and the second conductive member 22 are fixedly mounted on the housing 21 of the trigger 20. The limiting structure 25 is spaced apart from the first conductive member 24 and is used to abut against the first conductive member 24 on the path in which the first conductive member 24 moves away from the second conductive member 22. When the limiting structure 25 abuts against the first conductive member 24, the first conductive member 24 and the second conductive member 22 are spaced apart and connected by an electric arc. After the actuating member 38 releases its restraint on the pressing member 36 to allow the first conductive member 24 to spring away from the second conductive member 22, the limiting structure 25 can limit the maximum spring-away distance of the first conductive member 24 relative to the second conductive member 22. This allows the first conductive member 24 to still conduct with the second conductive member 22 when it is at the maximum spring-away distance, thus enabling the first circuit 12 to conduct. This allows the current of the second circuit 13 to be shared before the disconnecting trigger mechanism 112 disconnects the switching mechanism 111, reducing the risk of the disconnecting trigger mechanism 112 being damaged due to excessive current.

[0118] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes a fifth magnetic element (not shown) and a sixth magnetic element (not shown). The fifth magnetic element is disposed on the first conductive element 24, and the sixth magnetic element is disposed on the side of the first conductive element 24 facing away from the second conductive element 22 and opposite to the fifth magnetic element. When the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 conduct the first circuit 12 and thus conduct the load circuit, the fifth and sixth magnetic elements can be magnetized to generate a mutually attractive magnetic field force, thereby applying a magnetic field force to the first conductive element 24 that points away from the second conductive element 22. The magnetic field force applied by the fifth magnetic element to the first conductive element 24 can be transmitted to the actuating element 38 through the pressing element 36, so that together with the magnetic field force generated by the third magnetic element 39 and the fourth magnetic element 41, the actuating element 38 is driven to rotate relative to the second conductive element 22 until the actuating element 38 releases its restraint on the pressing element 36.

[0119] The fifth and sixth magnetic conductive elements cooperate with the third and fourth magnetic conductive elements 39 and 41 to drive the actuator 38 to rotate when the current in the first circuit 12 increases. This allows for a greater force to be applied to the actuator 38, thus adapting to situations where the current in the load circuit is small. Even when the short-circuit current in the load circuit is small, the actuator 38 can still be smoothly driven to rotate, releasing the limiting force on the pressing element 36. Simultaneously, this reduces the magnetic field force required by the trigger 20 between the third and fourth magnetic conductive elements 39 and 41, which helps to reduce the individual dimensions of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth magnetic conductive elements. This allows for the placement of multiple magnetic conductive elements within different spaces of the housing 21, improving the rationality and compactness of the structural layout and reducing the space occupied by the trigger 20.

[0120] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 further includes an elastic element 42 disposed on the side of the first conductive element 24 facing the second conductive element 22. When the first conductive element 24 is in contact with the stationary contact and conducting, the elastic element 42 is elastically compressed by the first conductive element 24 to apply an elastic force to the first conductive element 24 in a direction away from the second conductive element 22. The elastic element 42 enables the first conductive element 24 to have a tendency to move away from the second conductive element 22, so that when the actuating element 38 releases its restraint on the pressing element 36, the first conductive element 24 can smoothly spring away from the second conductive element 22 until the resistance of the first conductive path is equal to the second resistance.

[0121] Of course, when the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 conduct the load circuit, the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 will also generate mutual repulsion. When the short-circuit current of the load circuit is large enough, the mutual repulsion generated by the first conductive element 24 and the second conductive element 22 during the short circuit can also drive the first conductive element 24 to bounce away from the second conductive element 22 until the resistance of the first conductive path increases to the second resistance. In this case, the elastic element 42 can also be omitted.

[0122] It should be noted that the movement of the actuating member 38 relative to the second conductive member 22 is not limited to rotational movement, as long as it can limit or disengage from the pressing member 36. For example, in some embodiments, driven by the magnetic field force of the magnetically conductive component, the actuating member 38 can translate relative to the second conductive member 22. The direction of movement of the actuating member 38 can be parallel to the extension direction of the first conductive member 24, so that the limiting part 381 moves along the extension direction of the first conductive member 24 until it disengages from the pressing member 36. In this embodiment, the second conductive member 22 can be partially bent to one side of the first conductive member 24 in the extension direction, so that the third magnetically conductive member 39 provided on the second conductive member 22 can be opposite to the fourth magnetically conductive member 41 in the extension direction of the first conductive member 24, so as to apply a magnetic field force parallel to the extension direction of the first conductive member 24 to the actuating member 38.

[0123] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 may employ a bridged first conductive element 24, and the second conductive element 22 may have two spaced-apart components. Both second conductive elements 22 are fixedly mounted on the housing 21. One second conductive element 22 has a first stationary contact 221 facing the first conductive element 24, and the other second conductive element 22 has a second stationary contact 231 facing the first conductive element 24. The first conductive element 24 has a first moving contact 241 and a second moving contact 242 facing the second conductive element 22. The first moving contact 241 and the first stationary contact 221 are in contact and conducting, and the second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231 are in contact and conducting. When the actuating member 38 releases its restraint on the pressing member 36, the first conductive element 24 can cause the two second conductive elements 22 to spring apart, so that the first moving contact 241 and the first stationary contact 221 are relatively far apart, and the second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231 are relatively far apart. When the resistance of the first conductive element 24 relative to the two second conductive elements 22 in the first conductive path is the second resistance, the first moving contact 241 and the first stationary contact 221 are connected by an electric arc, and the second moving contact 242 and the second stationary contact 231 are connected by an electric arc.

[0124] In some embodiments, the trigger 20 is provided with two sets of holding mechanisms and two pressing members 36. The two pressing members 36 abut against the first conductive member 24 at spaced-apart positions. The two sets of holding mechanisms correspond one-to-one with the positions of the two ends of the first conductive member 24 and limit the two pressing members 36 one-to-one.

[0125] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the contact positions of the two abutting members 36 with the first conductive member 24 are aligned one-to-one with the positions of the first moving contact 241 and the second moving contact 242. In this way, by applying a uniform abutting force to all parts of the first conductive member 24, the contact reliability and stability between the first moving contact 241 and the second moving contact 242 and the second conductive member 22 can be improved.

[0126] Please see again. Figure 15 , Figure 16 as well as Figure 21 As shown, when the trigger 20 is provided with a holding mechanism and a pressing member 36, the trigger 20 can also employ a first conductive member 24 with a snap-fit ​​structure. For example, in some embodiments, one end of the first conductive member 24 is used to connect to the load circuit, and the other end is provided with a second moving contact 242. The second conductive member 22 is provided with a second stationary contact 231 that contacts and conducts through the second moving contact 242. At least a portion of the first conductive member 24 is capable of elastic deformation, such that the portion of the first conductive member 24 with the second stationary contact 231 moves toward or away from the second conductive member 22. When the first conductive member 24 is pressed against the second conductive member 22 by the pressing member 36, the first conductive member 24 undergoes elastic deformation, such that the portion of the first conductive member 24 with the second moving contact 242 tends to move away from the second conductive member 22.

[0127] It is understandable that when the first conductive element 24 with a snap-fit ​​structure is used, and the first conductive element 24 is in contact with the second conductive element 22, the portion of the first conductive element 24 with the second moving contact 242 tends to move away from the second conductive element 22. In this case, the elastic element 42 can be omitted. When the actuating element 38 releases its restraint on the pressing element 36, the first conductive element 24 uses its own elastic restoring force to spring away from the second conductive element 22. Of course, the elastic element 42 can also be provided simultaneously with the first conductive element 24 with the snap-fit ​​structure. The elastic force applied to the first conductive element 24 by the elastic element 42, as well as the elastic restoring force of the first conductive element 24 itself, can make the first conductive element 24 spring away from the second conductive element 22 more smoothly, improving the reliability of the trigger 20.

[0128] In this application, the first elastic retainer 26 and the second elastic retainer 37 are, but are not limited to, springs, and the pressing member 36 is, but is not limited to, a compression spring.

[0129] In an embodiment where the trigger 20 includes a holding mechanism and a pressing member 36, the trigger 20 can be applied to the excitation protection circuit 10. The trigger 20 is connected in series to the first circuit 12 via a second conductive member 22 and is also connected in series to the load circuit. The second circuit 13 connects the trigger 20 and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 in parallel, for example, through a first signal pin 32 and a second signal pin 33. The first signal pin 32 and the second signal pin 33 are electrically connected to the two second conductive members 22 in a one-to-one correspondence. When the load circuit is short-circuited, the actuating member 38 releases the limiting position on the pressing member 36, so that the resistance of the first conductive member 24 relative to the second conductive member 22 is the second resistance, the current of the second circuit 13 is the preset current, and the disconnect trigger mechanism 112 is configured to disconnect the switching mechanism 111 when the current of the second circuit 13 is greater than or equal to the preset current.

[0130] The trigger 20 can also be applied to the circuit protection device, battery protection circuit 50 and power supply device described in any of the above embodiments. The specific settings can be obtained by referring to the above description, and will not be repeated here.

[0131] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0132] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A trigger, characterized in that, The device has a first conductive path for connection to a load circuit, and the trigger is configured such that when a fault current occurs in the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, and the trigger is used to cause a circuit protection component to be triggered in response to the resistance threshold reached by the first conductive path.

2. The trigger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger also includes a second conductive path, the current in which the second conductive path can reach a preset current when the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, so as to trigger the circuit protection component.

3. The trigger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trigger is used to connect to the load circuit through the first conductive path and to be electrically connected to the disconnection trigger mechanism of the circuit protection component through the second conductive path. The trigger is configured such that the resistance of the first conductive path can increase with the increase of the current, so that the current in the circuit connected to the second conductive path increases.

4. The trigger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trigger includes a first conductive element and a second conductive element, which are electrically connected to form the first conductive path.

5. The trigger according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first conductive element has a moving contact, and the second conductive element has a stationary contact. The first conductive element and the second conductive element are electrically connected through the moving contact and the stationary contact.

6. The trigger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger includes a first conductive element and a second conductive element, which are electrically connected to form a first conductive path. The first conductive path is used to be connected in series to the load circuit. The trigger is configured such that the first conductive element and the second conductive element can move relatively far apart when a fault current occurs in the circuit connected to the first conductive path, thereby increasing the distance between the first conductive element and the second conductive element.

7. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trigger further includes a magnetically conductive component, which is configured to apply a magnetic field force to at least one of the first conductive element and the second conductive element when the circuit connected to the first conductive path is energized, such that the first conductive element and the second conductive element move away from each other. The magnetic field force applied by the magnetically conductive component to at least one of the first conductive element and the second conductive element can increase as the current of the first conductive element and the second conductive element increases.

8. The trigger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnetic conductive assembly includes a first magnetic conductive element and a second magnetic conductive element. The first magnetic conductive element is disposed on the first conductive element, and the second magnetic conductive element is disposed on the side of the first conductive element opposite to the second conductive element.

9. The trigger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first magnetic conductive element includes a main body and two reinforcing parts. The main body is located on the side of the first conductive element that is away from the second magnetic conductive element. The two reinforcing parts are connected to the two ends of the main body in a corresponding manner and are located on opposite sides of the first conductive element. The end faces of the two reinforcing parts that are away from the second conductive element are opposite to the second magnetic conductive element.

10. The trigger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The trigger further includes a limiting structure, which is disposed on the side of the first conductive element away from the second conductive element. The limiting structure is spaced apart from the first conductive element and is used to abut against the first conductive element on the path in which the first conductive element moves away from the second conductive element. When the limiting structure abuts against the first conductive element, the first conductive element and the second conductive element are connected by an electric arc.

11. The trigger according to claim 10, characterized in that, The limiting structure has an opening facing the first conductive element in a receiving groove, and the second magnetic element is installed in the receiving groove.

12. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trigger further includes a first elastic retainer, which is used to apply an elastic force to the first conductive element pointing towards the second conductive element, so as to elastically press the first conductive element against the second conductive element.

13. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trigger also includes an arc-extinguishing structure, which corresponds to the end position of the first conductive element. The arc-extinguishing structure has a limiting groove facing the first conductive element, and the end of the first conductive element is located in the limiting groove. When the first conductive element moves to its limit position in a direction away from the second conductive element, the first conductive element abuts against the side wall of the limiting groove.

14. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trigger further includes an arc-extinguishing structure, which corresponds to the end position of the first conductive element. The arc-extinguishing structure has an arc-guiding portion extending toward the second conductive element, and the arc-guiding portion is located between the first conductive element and the second conductive element.

15. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two second conductive elements are provided, and both second conductive elements are used to be connected to the load circuit. The first conductive element is opposite to the two second conductive elements and is used to be electrically connected to the two second conductive elements so that the load circuit is turned on at the trigger. The trigger is configured such that when a fault current flows through the first conductive element and the second conductive elements, the first conductive element can be relatively far away from the two second conductive elements so that the resistance of the first conductive path increases.

16. The trigger according to claim 15, characterized in that, The trigger includes a first signal pin and a second signal pin. The first signal pin and the second signal pin are connected in parallel with the first conductive path to form a second conductive path. The first signal pin and the second signal pin are used to connect in parallel with the disconnection trigger mechanism of the circuit protection component. The first signal pin is electrically connected to one of the second conductive elements, and the second signal pin is electrically connected to one of the first conductive element and the other second conductive element.

17. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the first conductive element is used to connect to the load circuit, and the other end is opposite to the second conductive element for electrical connection with the second conductive element. The trigger is configured such that when a fault current flows through the first conductive element and the second conductive element, the first conductive element can undergo elastic deformation so that the opposite portions of the first conductive element and the second conductive element are relatively far away from the second conductive element.

18. The trigger according to claim 15 or 17, characterized in that, The trigger further includes a second conductive path, the current in the second conductive path being able to reach a preset current when the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, so as to trigger the circuit protection component. The second conductive element has two stationary contacts spaced apart, and the first conductive element has two moving contacts spaced apart. The two moving contacts are one-to-one opposite to the two stationary contacts. The second conductive path includes a signal pin, the signal pin being electrically connected to the second conductive element through two contacts, the two contacts of the signal pin being located between the two stationary contacts and spaced apart.

19. The trigger according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the distance between the first conductive element and the second conductive element increases, the first conductive element and the second conductive element are connected by an electric arc.

20. The trigger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second conductive path is always open.

21. An excitation protection circuit, characterized in that, The device includes a circuit protection component, a first circuit, a second circuit, and a trigger as described in any one of claims 1-20. The trigger further includes a second conductive path, the current in which the second conductive path can reach a preset current when the first conductive path reaches a resistance threshold, so as to trigger the circuit protection component. The circuit protection component includes a switching mechanism and a disconnect triggering mechanism. The first circuit is connected in series with the switching mechanism and the first conductive path of the trigger, and is used to connect in series to a load circuit. The switching mechanism is used to conduct the load circuit. The second circuit is connected in parallel with the trigger and the disconnect triggering mechanism through the second conductive path. The disconnect triggering mechanism is configured to disconnect the switching mechanism when the current in the second circuit is greater than or equal to a preset current.

22. The excitation protection circuit according to claim 21, characterized in that, When the first circuit is connected to the load circuit and the switching mechanism turns on the load circuit, the resistance of the first conductive path is the first resistance, the current of the second circuit is the first current, the preset current corresponds to the current of the second circuit when the load circuit is short-circuited, when the current of the second circuit is the preset current, the resistance of the first conductive path is the second resistance, the preset current is greater than the first current, the second resistance is greater than the first resistance, when the resistance of the first conductive path is the second resistance, the first circuit turns on at the trigger.

23. The excitation protection circuit according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The circuit protection component is a pyrotechnic relay. The disconnect trigger mechanism includes a signal receiver and a pyrotechnic generator electrically connected in phase. The second circuit connects the trigger and the signal receiver in parallel. The signal receiver is configured to output a trigger signal to the pyrotechnic generator when the current in the second circuit is greater than or equal to the preset current. The pyrotechnic generator is configured to generate an impact force to disconnect the on / off mechanism upon receiving the trigger signal. Alternatively... The circuit protection component is a pyrotechnic fuse. The disconnection trigger mechanism includes a signal receiver and a pyrotechnic generator that are electrically connected. The second circuit is connected in parallel with the trigger and the signal receiver. The signal receiver is configured to output a trigger signal to the pyrotechnic generator when the current in the second circuit is greater than or equal to the preset current. The pyrotechnic generator is configured to generate heat in the fuse portion of the second circuit when it receives the trigger signal.

24. A circuit protection device, characterized in that, Includes the excitation protection circuit as described in any one of claims 21-23.

25. A battery protection circuit, characterized in that, Includes the circuit protection device as described in claim 24.

26. The battery protection circuit according to claim 25, characterized in that, The battery protection circuit also includes a battery management module, which is electrically connected to the trigger and the disconnect trigger mechanism. The battery management module is configured to output a trigger signal to the disconnect trigger mechanism to disconnect the on / off mechanism when the current of the second circuit is greater than or equal to the preset current.

27. A power supply device, characterized in that, It includes a battery pack and a battery protection circuit as described in claim 25 or 26, wherein the battery protection circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack.

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