An electric seeding machine suitable for different seed particle sizes
By adjusting the moving plate and cam mechanism to adjust the volume chamber and opening and closing time, the electric seeder can accurately sow seeds of different sizes, solving the problems of low efficiency and resource waste in traditional sowing, and improving sowing quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SICHUAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SCIENCES
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
Smart Images
Figure CN224538782U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional manual sowing suffers from low efficiency and high labor intensity, especially in large-scale farmland cultivation, where a large amount of manpower is required for sowing, increasing farmers' labor and time costs and resulting in extremely low operational efficiency. Furthermore, early mechanical sowing equipment mostly adopted extensive seeding structures, lacking the ability to finely control planting density. Unstable seeding rates led to excessive seeding, resulting in a large amount of seed waste, or insufficient seeding, causing seedling shortages. This imprecise sowing mode resulted in the waste of seed resources and also incurred additional reseeding costs, further exacerbating resource depletion.
[0003] There is a widely used duckbill seed metering device in electric seeders suitable for different seed sizes. The output of the duckbill seed metering device, i.e. the number of seeds per hole, is mainly determined by the volume of the seed-holding cavity formed when the duckbill is closed. However, in current designs, the volume of the seed-holding cavity is a fixed value, which is difficult to dynamically adjust according to seed size. This results in an inability to accurately adapt to different seed sizes, affecting the sowing quality. Furthermore, the duckbill seed metering device cannot adjust the sowing time according to seed size. Seed size and the opening and closing time of the duckbill seed metering device cannot correspond to each other. This causes the sowing volume to become uncontrollable. Large seeds are easily stuck in the gap of the duckbill, while small seeds cause over-sowing and re-sowing. This leads to problems such as significantly reduced crop planting benefits, economic losses for farmers, and serious waste of agricultural production resources. Utility Model Content
[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide an electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes. By adjusting the position of the moving plate through a first adjustment mechanism, the volume of the seed-containing cavity is changed, precisely adjusting the number of seeds discharged each time, avoiding over-seeding, reducing seed waste, improving seed utilization, and lowering planting costs. Secondly, by adjusting the position of the cam through a second adjustment mechanism, the amplitude and time of the cam actuating linkage are changed, realizing the adjustment of the opening and closing size of the duckbill seed metering device and the seed dispensing time. This eliminates the need for frequent disassembly and replacement of the duckbill assembly, adapting to the planting needs of different crops and improving overall seeding efficiency.
[0005] This objective is achieved using the following technical solution:
[0006] An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes includes a circular box and an axially mounted support shaft. Several duckbill seed metering devices are evenly installed on the outer ring of the circular box. The circular box contains several total volume chambers, each corresponding to and connected to one of the duckbill seed metering devices. The duckbill seed metering devices ensure that the amount of seeds discharged is equal to the amount temporarily stored in the volume chambers. Each volume chamber is a space enclosed by a moving plate and a moving block on the inner wall of the circular box. This space serves as a temporary storage location for seeds. Before seed discharge, the duckbill seed metering devices are closed, and the bottom of the volume chamber is sealed. The seeds are trapped inside and cannot be discharged on their own, ensuring that the temporarily stored quantitative seed quantity is not lost. When the seeder's duckbill seed metering device is triggered by a cam-linkage mechanism, the cam drives the linkage to open the duckbill movable flap, thus opening the closed channel at the bottom of the volume chamber. At this time, the temporarily stored seeds, under the action of gravity, fall completely into the field along the duckbill channel, and the amount of seeds discharged is exactly equal to the quantitative seed quantity temporarily stored in the volume chamber.
[0007] A movable plate is installed within the total volume cavity, and a first adjustment mechanism is installed on the movable plate. The first adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position of the movable plate within the total volume cavity. When the first adjustment mechanism drives the movable plate to move away from the center, the enclosed space between the movable plate and the inner wall of the box expands, and the volume of the volume cavity increases accordingly. The volume can be adjusted by the radial movement of the movable plate to adapt to the quantitative storage needs of seeds of different sizes. It can accommodate large-diameter seeds, ensuring that the volume cavity can hold enough seeds. When the movable plate moves closer to the center, the enclosed space shrinks, and the volume of the volume cavity decreases, which can accommodate small-diameter seeds. This avoids overfilling of seeds, reduces the time required for switching devices when crops are changed, ensures accurate sowing of seeds per hole, reduces seed waste, and improves sowing efficiency.
[0008] Different crop seeds have significantly different particle sizes, resulting in vastly different requirements for the volumetric space required. Compared to existing devices, the duckbill seed metering devices are mostly made of metal casting or plastic injection molding, and the volume of the cavity is fixed during processing. This means that the device can only accommodate seeds of a single particle size, which can easily lead to problems such as seed jamming, missed seeds, and multiple seeds when sowing other crops. Furthermore, when growers rotate different crops on the same plot, they need to completely disassemble the original seed metering device and replace it with a fixed volumetric component that is suitable for the new crop. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, leading to accelerated component wear and increased maintenance costs.
[0009] This device adjusts the position of the moving plate through the first adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the size of the volume chamber. It can directly adapt to the seeding needs of seeds of different sizes, avoiding the problems of excessive volume in one hole when sowing small seeds with a fixed volume chamber, and insufficient volume in one hole when sowing large seeds, requiring re-sowing. The dynamic adjustment of the volume chamber completely eliminates these two risks, reducing seed waste, lowering subsequent labor costs, and eliminating the need to replace the seed metering device, thus improving work efficiency.
[0010] Secondly, this device changes the position of the cam through the second adjustment mechanism, which causes the connecting rod to be pushed to change the maximum stroke of the duckbill seed metering device, thereby changing the maximum opening amplitude of the duckbill seed metering device. This changes the duration of the connecting rod being pushed, thus altering the seed metering time. This prevents large-diameter seeds from getting stuck in the duckbill channel and also prevents excessive seeds from falling in due to prolonged opening, avoiding accumulation. By adapting the opening amplitude to the seed size, it ensures accurate seed quantity per hole, reduces empty hole rate or multiple seed rate, reduces seed waste and subsequent labor costs such as reseeding, and improves overall sowing efficiency.
[0011] Furthermore, the first adjustment mechanism includes an annular rotating plate, the diameter of which coincides with the center line of the total volume cavity. The annular rotating plate rotates circumferentially, causing the moving plate to reciprocate along the diameter of the annular rotating plate.
[0012] Furthermore, the annular rotating plate is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves corresponding one-to-one with the total volume cavity. A fixed plate is provided below the annular rotating plate, and a plurality of second limiting grooves corresponding one-to-one with the first limiting grooves are provided on the fixed plate. A moving block is provided on the moving plate. The first limiting groove is an oblique groove, and the second limiting groove is a radial straight groove. The moving block is embedded in the plurality of first limiting grooves and second limiting grooves. The moving plate is perpendicular to the radial direction of the circular box. The moving block can slide in the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove. The moving block is embedded in the intersection area of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove and is constrained by the two grooves. When the annular rotating plate rotates, the first limiting groove generates an oblique thrust. The second limiting groove is a radial straight groove, and its groove wall will prevent the moving block from moving in a circular motion with the annular rotating plate, so that the moving block moves along the extension direction of the groove, and finally realizes the sliding of the moving plate along the radial direction of the circular box, thereby changing the size of the volume cavity.
[0013] Furthermore, the movable block has parallel grooves on both sides, and the second limiting groove has protrusions that fit into the grooves. The symmetrical grooves on the movable block and the protrusions on the second limiting groove fit into each other to form a bidirectional constraint, which counteracts the rotational torque of the movable plate and ensures that the movable plate slides only in a radial direction, thus ensuring that the boundary of the volume cavity can be stable.
[0014] Furthermore, the movable plate is provided with a seed inlet, and a seed baffle is provided above the seed inlet. When the duckbill seed metering device is closed and the volume chamber needs to be filled with a fixed amount of seeds, the seeds in the seed box enter the volume chamber through the inlet until the chamber is full. After the volume chamber is filled, the baffle can prevent subsequent seeds from entering, avoiding excessive seed influx that could cause the number of seeds in the chamber to exceed the set value. At the same time, during the temporary storage phase when the duckbill is closed, the baffle can also prevent the seeds in the chamber from overflowing from the inlet due to vibration, ensuring that the number of seeds in the volume chamber remains fixed from the time the filling is completed until the duckbill is opened for seed dispensing, ultimately achieving the goal of dispensing a fixed amount of seeds that meet the requirements each time.
[0015] Furthermore, the movable plate is provided with a guide plate that extends to the seed inlet. The guide plate has an inclined or arc-shaped structure and extends from above the movable plate to the edge of the seed inlet. Through its own slope or curved surface, the guide plate directs the seeds to the seed inlet, ensuring that the seeds enter the volumetric cavity efficiently and stably.
[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a gear transmission assembly, which includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear can rotate around its own axis by being driven by a motor or manually. The first gear and the second gear mesh, and the second gear meshes with the inner ring gear of the annular rotating plate, thereby driving the annular rotating plate to rotate. This causes the moving block to slide radially along the circular box in the second limiting groove, thereby causing the moving plate to reciprocate and change the size of the volume cavity.
[0017] Furthermore, the circular box is equipped with several connecting rods. One end of each connecting rod acts on a corresponding duckbill seed metering device to open and close. The other end of the connecting rod interacts with a cam during the rotation of the circular box. The cam is connected to a second adjusting mechanism, which causes the cam to move vertically. When the second adjusting mechanism causes the cam to move downward, the protruding area of the connecting rod and the cam profile has a larger contact end, which causes the circular box to generate a larger pushing stroke on the connecting rod during rotation. The maximum displacement of the connecting rod increases. Since one end of the connecting rod is linked to the opening and closing structure of the duckbill seed metering device, the increase in the connecting rod stroke will simultaneously drive the duckbill to rotate more significantly, ultimately increasing the opening angle of the duckbill seed metering device and forming a wider seed metering channel. This can meet the needs of smooth passage of large-diameter seeds such as corn and soybeans, avoiding seed jamming caused by narrow openings. In addition, the contact angle range between the connecting rod and the cam is increased. Since the rotation speed of the circular box is fixed, the expansion of the contact angle range directly increases the contact duration, thereby extending the seed dispensing time and ensuring that large seeds are completely discharged, avoiding seed jamming. When the second adjustment mechanism moves the cam downward, the convex area of the cam profile of the connecting rod has a smaller contact end. At the same time, the contact angle range between the connecting rod and the cam becomes smaller, which reduces the opening angle of the duckbill seed meterer, shortens the seed dispensing time, reduces the risk of missed seeds, avoids excessive seed scattering, and facilitates precise control of the number of seeds per hole.
[0018] Furthermore, a material box is provided on the side of the circular box, and the material box is connected to the circular box, which is suitable for continuous operation of the seeder and does not require frequent machine stops for feeding.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the electric seeder provided by this utility model, which is suitable for different seed sizes, has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] This utility model discloses an electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes. By adjusting the position of the moving plate through the first adjustment mechanism, the volume of the volume chamber is changed, which realizes precise adjustment of the number of seeds discharged each time. There is no need to replace the seed metering device components, which greatly reduces the equipment replacement cost and operation complexity. It ensures that the number of seeds discharged each time matches the actual requirements, avoids seed waste due to excessive seeding or missing seedlings due to insufficient seeding, improves the adaptability of the equipment to diverse planting needs, and ultimately ensures the seedling rate and uniformity of plant distribution in the field, thereby improving the overall sowing efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention, do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to this utility model;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first adjusting mechanism of the seeder of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seeder with the smallest volume of the volumetric cavity;
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seeder of this utility model when the volume of the cavity is at its maximum.
[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the volumetric cavity in the seeder of this utility model;
[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single three-dimensional structure of the volume chamber in the seeder of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the movable plate structure in the seeder of this utility model;
[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a single movable plate in the seeder of this utility model;
[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second limiting grooves in the seeder of this utility model;
[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second limiting groove and the connecting block in the seeder of this utility model;
[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the gear meshing structure in the seeder of this utility model;
[0033] Among them, 1-circular box, 2-duckbill seed meterer, 3-volume cavity, 4-fixed block, 5-moving plate, 6-ring rotating plate, 7-fixed plate, 8-first limiting groove, 9-second limiting groove, 10-moving block, 11-groove, 12-protrusion, 13-seed inlet, 14-seed baffle, 15-guide plate, 16-first gear, 17-second gear, 18-feed box. Detailed Implementation
[0034] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of this utility model and the features within them can be combined with each other.
[0035] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] like Figure 1 and 2 An electric hand-held seeder is shown, including a circular box 1 and an axially mounted support shaft. A plurality of duckbill seeders 2 are evenly installed on the outer ring of the circular box 1. A plurality of total volume cavities 3 are provided inside the circular box 1. The plurality of total volume cavities 3 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of duckbill seeders 2 and are connected.
[0038] A movable plate 5 is disposed within the total volume cavity 3. A first adjustment mechanism is mounted on the movable plate 5. The first adjustment mechanism includes an annular rotating plate 6, the radial line of which coincides with the center line of the total volume cavity 3. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the sides of the volume cavity 3 formed by the fixed block 4 are parallel to each other, so that the moving plate 5 can move back and forth between the parallel sides. The moving plate 5 is provided with a first adjustment mechanism. The circumferential rotation of the annular rotating plate 6 can drive the moving plate 5 to move back and forth along the radial direction of the annular rotating plate 6, thereby adjusting the volume of the volume cavity 3, greatly reducing the equipment replacement cost and operation complexity, and ensuring that the number of seeds discharged each time matches the actual requirements.
[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the annular rotating plate 6 is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves 8 corresponding one-to-one with the total volume cavity 3. A fixed plate 7 is provided below the annular rotating plate 6, and the fixed plate 7 is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves 9 corresponding one-to-one with the first limiting grooves 8. A moving block 10 is provided on the moving plate 5. The moving block 10 can slide within the first limiting grooves 8 and the second limiting grooves 9. The moving plate 5 is perpendicular to the radial direction of the circular box 1. The first limiting groove 8 is an oblique groove, and the second limiting groove 9 is a radial straight groove. The moving block 10 is constrained by the two grooves, such as... Figure 9 As shown, when the annular rotating plate 6 rotates, the first limiting groove 8 generates an oblique thrust on the moving block 10, causing the moving block 10 to drive the moving plate 5 to slide along the radial straight groove, as shown. Figure 3 As shown, the annular rotating plate 6 drives the moving plate 5 to move to the furthest point from the center of the circular box 1, where the volumetric cavity has the smallest volume. Figure 4 The image shows the rotating plate 6 driving the moving plate 5 to the closest point to the center of the circular box 1, where the volume cavity has the largest volume.
[0040] In some embodiments, the opening angle of the duckbill seed metering device 2 is 15°-30°, the channel length of the duckbill seed metering device is 8-15mm, and the volume of the duckbill seed metering device 2 is 0.002-0.01cm³, so that the duckbill seed metering device 2 can hold 1-2 small seeds. When the moving plate 5 moves to the minimum volume of the cavity, it can be used to accurately measure the small seeds in the duckbill seed metering device 2, avoiding the accumulation or scattering of seeds due to their high fluidity.
[0041] In some embodiments, the total volume chamber 3 has a volume of 0.3-1.2 cm³. The number of seeds per hole for large seeds is usually 1-3, with a single seed volume of about 0.3-0.8 cm³. When planting 1 peanut seed per hole, the total volume needs to be 0.8-1.0 cm³, and a certain gap needs to be reserved to prevent seed jamming. A maximum volume chamber of 1.2 cm³ can easily accommodate the seeds and avoids seed compression due to an insufficiently small chamber. When planting 3 large corn kernels per hole, the total volume is about 1.1 cm³, and a maximum volume chamber of 1.2 cm³ can accurately match the requirements. This range can cover the quantitative requirements of common large seeds per hole, while avoiding excessively long adjustment strokes of the moving plate 5 due to an excessively large chamber. By adjusting the size of the volume chamber, missed planting or replanting is avoided.
[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the moving block 10 has parallel grooves 11 on both sides, and the second limiting groove 9 has protrusions 12 that fit into the grooves 11. The symmetrical grooves 10 on the moving block 10 fit into the protrusions 12 on the second limiting groove 9, forming a bidirectional constraint, so that the moving plate 10 moves in parallel.
[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the movable plate 5 is provided with a seed inlet 13, and a seed baffle 14 is provided above the seed inlet 13 to ensure that the number of seeds in the volume cavity remains fixed from the time the filling is completed until the duckbill opens to release the seeds.
[0044] In some embodiments, the movable plate 5 is provided with a guide plate 15, which extends to the seed inlet 13 to ensure that the seeds enter the volume chamber efficiently and stably.
[0045] Example 2
[0046] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 5 and Figure 11As shown, the gear transmission assembly includes a first gear 16 and a second gear 17. The first gear 16 can rotate around its own axis. The first gear can be rotated manually or driven by a motor. The first gear 16 and the second gear 17 mesh. The second gear 17 meshes with the gear on the inner ring of the annular rotating plate 6. When the first gear 16 rotates, the annular rotating plate 6 rotates, causing the moving plate 5 to move along the second limiting groove 9, thereby controlling the volume of the volume cavity through the rotation of the first gear 16.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] In some embodiments, a material box 18 is provided on the side of the circular box 1, and the material box 18 is spatially connected to the circular box 1.
[0049] When large seeds are added to the feed box 18, the drive motor rotates the first gear 16, causing the moving plate 5 to move towards the center of the circular box 1. At the same time, the volume of the cavity is 0.5 cm³, which allows the cavity to hold 2-3 large seeds, ensuring that the seeds can fall accurately into the sowing hole and avoiding missed sowing or double sowing, making it more suitable for sowing large seeds.
[0050] When small seeds are added to the feed box 18, the drive motor rotates the first gear 16, causing the moving plate 5 to move to the outer circumference of the circular box 1. At the same time, the volume of the volume chamber is 0.002-0.01 cm³, which allows the volume chamber to hold 2-3 small seeds, avoiding excessive accumulation of small seeds, reducing the over-seed rate, and adapting to the sowing of small seeds.
[0051] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.
[0052] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes, comprising a circular housing (1) and an axially mounted support shaft, wherein a plurality of duckbill seed metering devices (2) are evenly mounted on the outer ring of the circular housing (1), characterized in that, The circular box (1) is provided with several total volume cavities (3), and the several total volume cavities (3) correspond one-to-one with several duckbill seeders (2) and are connected; A movable plate (5) is provided inside the total volume cavity (3), and a first adjustment mechanism is provided on the movable plate (5). The first adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position of the movable plate (5) inside the total volume cavity.
2. The electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first adjustment mechanism includes an annular rotating plate (6), the diameter of which is on the straight line coincides with the center line of the total volume cavity (3). The annular rotating plate (6) rotates circumferentially, causing the moving plate (5) to move back and forth along the diameter of the annular rotating plate (6).
3. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The annular rotating plate (6) is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves (8) corresponding one-to-one with the total volume cavity (3). A fixed plate (7) is provided below the annular rotating plate (6). The fixed plate (7) is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves (9) corresponding one-to-one with the first limiting grooves (8). A moving block (10) is provided on the moving plate (5). The moving block (10) can slide in the first limiting grooves (8) and the second limiting grooves (9).
4. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable block (10) has parallel grooves (11) on both sides, and the second limiting groove (9) has a protrusion (12) that fits into the groove (11).
5. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening angle of the duckbill seed meter (2) is 15-30°.
6. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable plate (5) is provided with a seed inlet (13), and a seed baffle (14) is provided above the seed inlet (13).
7. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable plate (5) is provided with a guide plate (15) that extends to the seed inlet (13).
8. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total volume cavity (3) has a volume of 0.3-1.2 cm³.
9. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a gear transmission assembly, which includes a first gear (16) and a second gear (17). The first gear (16) is rotatable about its own axis. The first gear (16) and the second gear (17) mesh with each other. The second gear (17) meshes with the inner ring gear of the annular rotating plate (6).
10. An electric seeder suitable for different seed sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular box (1) has a material box (18) on its side, and the material box (18) is connected to the circular box (1).