Biomass pyrolysis furnace

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of biomass pyrolysis furnace, including pyrolysis chamber, sequentially connected inlet channel, combustion channel and discharge channel are arranged in pyrolysis chamber, the one end of combustion channel is provided with exhaust port, the side wall of the other end of combustion channel is provided with air inlet, air inlet can provide oxygen for combustion channel inside;The biomass to be pyrolyzed can be entered into inlet channel and transmitted to combustion channel inside combustion by inlet, and the biochar after combustion is entered into discharge channel and is discharged by exhaust port, and the biomass pyrolysis gas produced by combustion is discharged by exhaust port.The utility model uses horizontal structure, and internally arranged by sequentially connected inlet channel, combustion channel and discharge channel of horizontal structure from top to bottom, compared with vertical pyrolysis furnace for coal, pyrolysis product does not sink circulation pyrolysis due to gravity, and ash content is lower.Moreover, by setting ventilation hole on combustion spiral blade, biomass can be raised, so that biomass pyrolysis is more sufficient, more uniform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass pyrolysis technology, and in particular to a biomass pyrolysis furnace. Background Technology

[0002] China possesses abundant agricultural and forestry biomass resources. Biomass (including straw, wood cellulose, agricultural processing byproducts, agricultural and forestry waste, and livestock manure) is a zero-emission green carbon resource characterized by a short regeneration cycle and enormous reserves. Based on the concepts of low-carbon development and green ecology, my country has increased its investment in biomass resource utilization research and development in recent years, and established a number of biomass gasification demonstration projects.

[0003] my country is a major agricultural country, and every year it harvests a large amount of straw. The biomass, mainly composed of straw, is composed of plant cell walls, and its basic components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Its elemental composition is mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and it contains small amounts of sulfur, phosphorus and mineral components. Its elemental and structural composition determines that straw is an important organic raw material and fuel.

[0004] Currently, the main ways to utilize straw include mechanized crushing and returning it to the field, straw fuel production, straw pellet feed processing, and straw substrate application. However, apart from mechanized crushing and returning it to the field and straw pellet feed methods, other methods all suffer from problems such as low technological maturity, large investment, and complex processes. Furthermore, the utilization rate of straw is relatively low in mechanized crushing and returning it to the field and straw feed applications, and the treatment of a large amount of surplus straw remains a challenge.

[0005] Therefore, how to efficiently turn straw into a valuable resource and solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of straw is an urgent issue.

[0006] The fuel application of straw has been a subject of ongoing research, including the production of biochar, bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, and biogas from straw through heat treatment. Calcination of straw is a common method for biochar production. Biochar is obtained by calcining straw under low-oxygen or anaerobic conditions for a period of time. The calcination temperature is generally between 260 and 380°C, which causes the hemicellulose, lignin, and other components in the straw to decompose and volatilize, resulting in a stable solid carbon-rich product (carbon content greater than 60%). Calcination at temperatures above this range causes rapid decomposition of macromolecules such as cellulose in the straw, significantly increasing volatile components and drastically reducing the biochar yield.

[0007] Bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, and biogas are obtained through the pyrolysis of straw. Current straw pyrolysis methods largely borrow from coal tar production, rapidly heating straw to 750-900℃ in large-scale equipment to produce small-molecule pyrolysis gas. This gas is then condensed in stages to yield bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, and biogas. However, existing coal pyrolysis equipment typically uses long-diameter vertical combustion furnaces. Vertical furnaces produce smaller molecular weight oil and gas particles that rise more easily, while larger particles sink and circulate under gravity, ensuring complete coal pyrolysis. The smaller particle size of the oil and gas molecules at the furnace outlet facilitates subsequent condensation into tar. Furthermore, biomass such as straw, leaves, and branches has a high proportion of non-combustible ash. Using this type of furnace, the small-molecule ash produced during pyrolysis is more likely to mix with the pyrolysis gas and rise, increasing the difficulty of ash separation.

[0008] Therefore, it is essential to develop a biomass pyrolysis furnace suitable for straw, leaves, branches, etc. Utility Model Content

[0009] This invention provides a biomass pyrolysis furnace, which achieves thorough straw pyrolysis and low ash content in the pyrolysis gas. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0010] A biomass pyrolysis furnace is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis chamber, an inlet at the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber, and an outlet at the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber, with the inlet and outlet respectively located at opposite ends along the length of the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed channel, a combustion channel, and an outlet channel connected sequentially from top to bottom, and conveying components are installed in the feed channel, combustion channel, and outlet channel; the inlet is connected to the feed channel, and the outlet is connected to the outlet channel; an exhaust port is provided at one end of the combustion channel, and an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the other end of the combustion channel, which can provide oxygen to the combustion channel; the biomass to be pyrolyzed can enter the feed channel through the feed inlet and be transported to the combustion channel for combustion, the ash after combustion enters the outlet channel and is discharged through the outlet, and the biomass pyrolysis gas generated by combustion is discharged through the exhaust port.

[0011] Furthermore, the conveying assembly is a screw conveyor mechanism, which includes a feeding conveyor assembly, a combustion conveyor assembly, and an ash discharge conveyor assembly. The feeding conveyor assembly is installed in the feeding channel, the combustion conveyor assembly is installed in the combustion channel, and the ash discharge conveyor assembly is installed in the discharge channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the feeding conveying assembly includes feeding spiral blades, and multiple ventilation holes are provided on the feeding spiral blades near the inlet of the combustion channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the combustion delivery assembly includes combustion spiral blades, on which multiple ventilation holes are evenly distributed.

[0014] Furthermore, the ash discharge conveying assembly includes ash discharge spiral blades, the spiral radius of which is greater than or equal to the diameter of the discharge outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, a first partition and a second partition are spaced apart inside the pyrolysis chamber. One end of the first partition is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the inlet, and the other end of the first partition is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the outlet, so that the inlet channel is connected to the combustion channel. One end of the second partition is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the outlet, and the other end of the first partition is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the inlet, so that the combustion channel is connected to the discharge channel.

[0016] Furthermore, multiple ventilation holes are provided on the first partition near the connection point between the feed channel and the combustion channel.

[0017] Furthermore, the diameter of the vent holes gradually decreases in the direction away from the connection point between the feed channel and the combustion channel.

[0018] Furthermore, the exhaust port is located at one end near the exhaust outlet, and the air inlet is located on the side walls on both sides of the pyrolysis chamber near the feed inlet, so that the airflow direction in the combustion channel is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, the width of the feeding channel is greater than the width of the combustion channel, the width of the combustion channel is greater than the width of the discharge channel, two sets of conveying components are arranged side by side in the feeding channel and the combustion channel, and one set of conveying components is arranged in the discharge channel.

[0020] This biomass pyrolysis furnace adopts a horizontal structure, and its interior is equipped with a horizontally connected feed channel, combustion channel, and discharge channel from top to bottom. Compared with vertical pyrolysis furnaces used for coal, the pyrolysis products do not sink and circulate due to gravity, and the ash content is lower. Furthermore, by setting ventilation holes on the combustion spiral blades, the biomass can be lifted, resulting in more complete and uniform pyrolysis.

[0021] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this utility model more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this utility model are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a side cross-sectional view of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To better understand the purpose, function, and specific design of this utility model, a biomass pyrolysis furnace of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the biomass pyrolysis furnace provided by this utility model includes a pyrolysis chamber 1. The upper end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is provided with a feed inlet 11, and the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is provided with a discharge outlet 12. The feed inlet 11 and the discharge outlet 12 are respectively located at both ends of the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The pyrolysis chamber 1 is provided with a feed channel 2, a combustion channel 3, and a discharge channel 4 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The feed channel 2, the combustion channel 3, and the discharge channel 4 are provided with conveying components. The feed inlet 11 is connected to the feed channel 2, and the discharge outlet 12 is connected to the discharge channel 4. One end of the combustion channel 3 is provided with an exhaust outlet 13, and the other end of the combustion channel 3 is provided with an air inlet 14, which can provide oxygen to the combustion channel 3. The biomass to be pyrolyzed can enter the feed channel 2 through the feed inlet 11 and be transported to the combustion channel 3 for combustion. The ash after combustion enters the discharge channel 4 and is discharged through the discharge outlet 12. The biomass pyrolysis gas generated by combustion is discharged through the exhaust outlet 13.

[0029] Specifically, the conveying assembly in this embodiment is a screw conveyor mechanism, which uses a motor to drive the screw shaft to rotate to achieve the purpose of conveying materials. The conveying assembly includes a feeding conveying assembly 21, a combustion conveying assembly 31, and an ash discharge conveying assembly 41. The feeding conveying assembly 21 is installed in the feeding channel 2, the combustion conveying assembly 31 is installed in the combustion channel 3, and the ash discharge conveying assembly 41 is installed in the discharge channel 4.

[0030] It is worth noting that the feeding conveying assembly 21 includes a feeding spiral blade 22. Multiple ventilation holes 5 are provided on the feeding spiral blade 22 near the inlet of the combustion channel 3, while no ventilation holes 5 are provided on the spiral blade near the bottom of the feeding port 11. This arrangement allows the exhaust port 13 to discharge pyrolysis gas while simultaneously creating a negative pressure near the inlet of the combustion channel 3, thereby driving the airflow in the feeding channel 2 towards the combustion channel 3. In other words, the exhaust port 13 can draw the airflow from the feeding channel 2, thus preventing pyrolysis gas from escaping from the feeding port 11.

[0031] In addition, the combustion delivery assembly 31 of this embodiment includes a combustion spiral blade 32, on which a plurality of ventilation holes 5 are evenly distributed. The plurality of ventilation holes 5 on the combustion spiral blade 32 can facilitate the flow of oxygen entering from the air inlet 14 towards the exhaust port 13 in the combustion channel 3, thereby ensuring complete combustion of biomass in the combustion channel 3.

[0032] Finally, the ash discharge conveying assembly 41 includes an ash discharge spiral blade 42. The ash discharge spiral blade 42 is not provided with ventilation holes 5. The spiral radius of the ash discharge spiral blade 42 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the discharge port 12 to prevent air from flowing in from the discharge port 12, thereby preventing the formation of an airflow in the discharge channel 4 that is opposite to the conveying direction of the ash discharge conveying assembly 41, which greatly reduces the possibility of the ash after combustion flowing into the exhaust port 13.

[0033] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, a first partition 15 and a second partition 16 are spaced apart inside the pyrolysis chamber 1. One end of the first partition 15 is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 near the inlet 11, and the other end of the first partition 15 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 near the outlet 12, so that the feed channel 2 is connected to the combustion channel 3. One end of the second partition 16 is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 near the outlet 12, and the other end of the first partition 15 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 near the inlet 11, so that the combustion channel 3 is connected to the discharge channel 4.

[0034] It is worth noting that the first partition 15 is provided with multiple vent holes 6 near the connection between the feed channel 2 and the combustion channel 3. This arrangement can work with the ventilation holes 5 of the feed spiral blade 22 to allow the exhaust port 13 to discharge pyrolysis gas, while also making it easier to form a negative pressure near the inlet of the combustion channel 3, thereby driving the airflow in the feed channel 2 to flow into the combustion channel 3. In other words, the exhaust port 13 can draw the airflow in the feed channel 2, thereby preventing the pyrolysis gas from being discharged from the feed port 11.

[0035] Preferably, the diameter of the vent hole 6 gradually decreases in the direction away from the connection between the feed channel 2 and the combustion channel 3, while the first partition 15 located near and below the feed port 11 does not have the vent hole 6, thereby preventing pyrolysis gas from being discharged from the feed port 11.

[0036] In this embodiment, the exhaust port 13 is located at one end near the exhaust port 12, and the air inlet 14 is located on the side walls of both sides of the pyrolysis chamber 1 near the feed port 11, so that the airflow direction in the combustion channel 3 is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying component. This allows the biomass moving in the combustion channel 3 to be blown up by the reverse airflow, thereby further improving the combustion effect of the biomass and making the biomass burn more completely.

[0037] In addition, since the volume of biomass is greatly reduced after combustion, and combustion requires a certain space to provide oxygen, the width of the feed channel 2 in this embodiment is greater than the width of the combustion channel 3, the width of the combustion channel 3 is greater than the width of the discharge channel 4, and in order to reduce the height of the feed channel 2 and the combustion channel 3, two sets of conveying components are arranged side by side in the feed channel 2 and the combustion channel 3, while only one set of conveying components is arranged in the discharge channel 4.

[0038] This biomass pyrolysis furnace adopts a horizontal structure, and its interior is equipped with a horizontally connected feed channel, combustion channel, and discharge channel from top to bottom. Compared with vertical pyrolysis furnaces used for coal, the pyrolysis products do not sink and circulate due to gravity, and the ash content is lower. Furthermore, by setting ventilation holes on the combustion spiral blades, the biomass can be lifted, resulting in more complete and uniform pyrolysis.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis furnace, characterized in that, The system includes a pyrolysis chamber with a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom, located at opposite ends of the chamber's length. The chamber contains a feed channel, a combustion channel, and a discharge channel connected sequentially from top to bottom. Conveying components are installed within these channels. The feed inlet is connected to the feed channel, and the discharge outlet is connected to the discharge channel. One end of the combustion channel has an exhaust port, and the other end has an air inlet on its side wall, providing oxygen to the combustion channel. Biomass to be pyrolyzed enters the feed channel through the feed inlet and is transported to the combustion channel for combustion. The ash from combustion enters the discharge channel and is discharged through the discharge outlet. The biomass pyrolysis gas generated during combustion is discharged through the exhaust port.

2. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying assembly is a screw conveyor mechanism, which includes a feeding conveyor assembly, a combustion conveyor assembly, and an ash discharge conveyor assembly. The feeding conveyor assembly is installed in the feeding channel, the combustion conveyor assembly is installed in the combustion channel, and the ash discharge conveyor assembly is installed in the discharge channel.

3. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding conveying assembly includes a feeding spiral blade, and multiple ventilation holes are provided on the feeding spiral blade near the inlet of the combustion channel.

4. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The combustion delivery assembly includes combustion spiral blades, on which multiple ventilation holes are evenly distributed.

5. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ash discharge conveying assembly includes ash discharge spiral blades, the spiral radius of which is greater than or equal to the diameter of the discharge outlet.

6. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis chamber is provided with a first partition and a second partition. One end of the first partition is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the inlet, and the other end of the first partition is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the outlet, so that the inlet channel is connected to the combustion channel. One end of the second partition is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the outlet, and the other end of the first partition is spaced apart from the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the inlet, so that the combustion channel is connected to the discharge channel.

7. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple ventilation holes are provided on the first partition near the connection between the feed channel and the combustion channel.

8. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The diameter of the vent hole gradually decreases as it moves away from the connection point between the feed channel and the combustion channel.

9. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust port is located at the end near the exhaust outlet, and the air inlet is located on the side walls on both sides of the end of the pyrolysis chamber near the feed inlet, so that the airflow direction in the combustion channel is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying component.

10. The biomass pyrolysis furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the feed channel is greater than the width of the combustion channel, and the width of the combustion channel is greater than the width of the discharge channel. Two sets of conveying components are arranged side by side in the feed channel and the combustion channel, and one set of conveying components is arranged in the discharge channel.

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