A fire resistant insulating concrete structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of fire-resistant heat-insulating concrete structures, belong to construction engineering technical field, including cement base layer, to carry out waterproof heat insulation to cement base layer outside environment, cement base layer inside is equipped with lightweight gradient layer, to form load-bearing framework and carry out buffering to the heat transferred by cement base layer, lightweight gradient layer is equipped with fiber concrete layer inside, to carry out heat insulation to the heat transferred by lightweight gradient layer.The utility model passes through the combination of multilayer different functional materials, gradually blocks the transmission of heat from outside to inside, can effectively resist fire high temperature, prevent heat to be conducted to building interior too fast, avoid the phenomenon such as cracking, peeling and interlayer separation, greatly improve the durability and reliability of concrete structure, gain time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular relates to a fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure. Background Technology

[0002] With urban development, high-rise buildings are becoming increasingly common, and the requirements for the fire resistance of building materials are also becoming more stringent. Fire-resistant concrete walls can be used in firewalls, stairwells, elevator shafts, and other parts of high-rise buildings to improve the fire resistance of buildings and protect the lives of people. However, in the event of a fire, existing concrete walls will experience rapid temperature changes. Their thermal shock resistance is poor, and they cannot withstand the frequent alternation between high and low temperatures, resulting in severe cracking and spalling.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure to solve the problem mentioned above: the existing concrete walls have poor thermal shock resistance and cannot withstand the frequent alternation between high and low temperatures, resulting in serious cracking and spalling. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the technical problem mentioned in the background art that existing concrete walls cannot withstand frequent alternations between high and low temperatures, resulting in severe cracking and spalling, a fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure is provided to solve the aforementioned problem.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure includes a cement base layer for waterproofing and heat insulation of the environment outside the cement base layer, a lightweight gradient layer provided inside the cement base layer to form a load-bearing skeleton and buffer the heat transferred from the cement base layer, and a fiber concrete layer provided inside the lightweight gradient layer to insulate the heat transferred from the lightweight gradient layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the cement base layer is a three-dimensional superhydrophobic cement-based porous material.

[0008] Furthermore, the lightweight gradient layer includes an insulation layer bonded to the cement base layer, a load-bearing layer bonded to the end of the insulation layer away from the cement base layer, and a fiber-reinforced concrete layer bonded to the end of the load-bearing layer away from the insulation layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the insulation layer is made of concrete mixed with 30% expanded perlite lightweight aggregate.

[0010] Furthermore, the load-bearing layer is concrete with high-alumina bauxite aggregate.

[0011] Furthermore, the insulation layer and the load-bearing layer are bonded together using aluminum phosphate.

[0012] Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced concrete layer is basalt fiber-reinforced concrete.

[0013] Furthermore, the cement base layer, lightweight gradient layer, and fiber-reinforced concrete layer are bonded together using refractory adhesive.

[0014] Furthermore, the cement base layer, lightweight gradient layer, and fiber-reinforced concrete layer are connected by corrugated or forked metal anchors.

[0015] The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0016] This invention combines multiple layers of materials with different functions to gradually block heat transfer from the outside to the inside, effectively resisting high temperatures during a fire, preventing heat from being conducted too quickly into the building, avoiding cracking, peeling, and interlayer separation, and greatly improving the durability and reliability of the concrete structure, thus buying time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.

[0017] The new cement base layer of this utility model uses a three-dimensional superhydrophobic cement-based porous material, which effectively prevents moisture from entering the interior of the structure and avoids additional damage caused by the vaporization of water at high temperatures, so that the structure can still maintain its performance in humid environments or when fire extinguishing water is used. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure of this utility model.

[0019] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Cement base layer; 2. Lightweight gradient layer; 201. Insulation layer; 202. Load-bearing layer; 3. Fiber reinforced concrete layer; 4. Metal anchors. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0021] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0022] The following is a reference to the appendix. Figure 1 This invention describes a fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure.

[0023] However, in the event of a fire, existing concrete walls will experience rapid temperature changes. They have poor thermal shock resistance and cannot withstand the frequent alternation between high and low temperatures, resulting in severe cracking and spalling.

[0024] Therefore, this utility model provides a fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a cement base layer 1 for waterproofing and heat insulation of the external environment. A lightweight gradient layer 2 is provided on the inner side of the cement base layer 1 to form a load-bearing skeleton and buffer the heat transferred from the cement base layer 1. A fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3 is provided inside the lightweight gradient layer 2 to insulate the heat transferred from the lightweight gradient layer 2. Specifically, fire-resistant heat insulation is achieved through the synergistic effect of each layer. The cement base layer 1 is used for waterproofing and heat insulation, and water and heat from the external environment are initially blocked by it. The lightweight gradient layer 2 on the inner side acts as a load-bearing skeleton and buffers heat, reducing the load on the cement base layer 1 and reducing the heat transfer rate. At the same time, the fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3 further insulates the heat, effectively reducing heat and preventing heat from being transferred to the other side.

[0025] As a preferred option, the cement base layer 1 is a three-dimensional superhydrophobic cement-based porous material. It is formed by combining nano-sized silica particles with organosilicon resin to create a microporous structure of foamed concrete that is breathable but impermeable to water, thus integrating waterproof and heat insulation functions while ensuring the fire resistance and waterproofness of the cement base layer 1.

[0026] Preferably, the lightweight gradient layer 2 includes a heat insulation layer 201 that is bonded to the cement base layer 1, a load-bearing layer 202 that is bonded to the end of the heat insulation layer 201 away from the cement base layer 1, and a fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3 that is bonded to the end of the load-bearing layer 202 away from the heat insulation layer 201.

[0027] Preferably, the insulation layer 201 is concrete mixed with 30% expanded perlite lightweight aggregate. Specifically, expanded perlite lightweight aggregate has good thermal insulation properties and can effectively reduce heat transfer to insulate the cement base layer 1.

[0028] Preferably, the load-bearing layer 202 is concrete with high-alumina bauxite aggregate. Specifically, high-alumina bauxite aggregate has high strength and fire resistance, can withstand large loads, and maintain structural stability at high temperatures.

[0029] Preferably, the heat insulation layer 201 and the load-bearing layer 202 are bonded together by aluminum phosphate. That is, the concrete with 30% expanded perlite lightweight aggregate and the concrete with high-alumina bauxite aggregate are bonded together by aluminum phosphate to prevent the two layers from peeling off under high temperature or other external forces, thereby enhancing the stability of the overall structure. In one specific embodiment, the insulation layer 201 is concrete with 30% expanded perlite lightweight aggregate, having a density of 1000 kg / m³ and a thermal conductivity of 0.3 W / (m·K). The insulation layer 201 gradually transitions to the load-bearing layer 202 formed by high-alumina bauxite aggregate concrete, having a density of 1800 kg / m³ and a thermal conductivity of 1.2 W / (m·K), thus forming a density gradient and a thermal conductivity gradient. This reduces the thermal conductivity of the lightweight gradient layer 2 near the cement base layer 1, matching the outer insulation requirements and increasing the load-bearing capacity of the lightweight gradient layer 2 near the fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3. This creates a mechanically continuous transition with the inner fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3. Simultaneously, the concrete with 30% expanded perlite lightweight aggregate and the high-alumina bauxite aggregate concrete are composite bonded by aluminum phosphate, enabling it to withstand temperatures up to 1400 degrees Celsius and enhancing the stability of the bond.

[0030] Preferably, the fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3 is basalt fiber-reinforced concrete. Specifically, basalt fiber-reinforced concrete improves the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3, making the concrete structure less prone to cracking and other damage when subjected to thermal shock, thus enhancing the durability of the structure.

[0031] Preferably, the cement base layer 1, the lightweight gradient layer 2, and the fiber concrete layer 3 are bonded together with a refractory adhesive. Specifically, the refractory adhesive can maintain the bond between the layers in a high-temperature environment, ensuring the integrity of the overall structure.

[0032] Preferably, the cement base layer 1, the lightweight gradient layer 2, and the fiber-reinforced concrete layer 3 are connected by corrugated or forked metal anchors 4, thereby enhancing the mechanical connection between the layers and preventing interlayer slippage when subjected to large external forces or thermal stresses. Especially during material expansion and contraction caused by thermal shock, it effectively prevents relative displacement between layers, further enhancing the structural stability. Figure 1 The diagram shows a connection using a wavy metal anchor 4.

[0033] This invention combines multiple layers of materials with different functions to gradually block heat transfer from the outside to the inside, effectively resisting high temperatures during a fire, preventing heat from being conducted too quickly into the building, avoiding cracking, peeling, and interlayer separation, and greatly improving the durability and reliability of the concrete structure, thus buying time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.

[0034] The cement base layer 1 of this utility model adopts a three-dimensional superhydrophobic cement-based porous material, which effectively prevents moisture from entering the interior of the structure and avoids additional damage caused by water vaporization at high temperatures, so that the structure can still maintain its performance in humid environments or when fire extinguishing water is used.

[0035] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure, characterized in that, It includes a cement base layer to waterproof and insulate the environment outside the cement base layer, a lightweight gradient layer inside the cement base layer to form a load-bearing skeleton and buffer the heat transferred from the cement base layer, and a fiber concrete layer inside the lightweight gradient layer to insulate the heat transferred from the lightweight gradient layer.

2. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cement base layer is a three-dimensional superhydrophobic cement-based porous material.

3. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight gradient layer includes an insulation layer bonded to a cement base layer, a load-bearing layer bonded to the end of the insulation layer away from the cement base layer, and a fiber-reinforced concrete layer bonded to the end of the load-bearing layer away from the insulation layer.

4. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The load-bearing layer is concrete with high-alumina bauxite aggregate.

5. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insulation layer and the load-bearing layer are bonded together using aluminum phosphate.

6. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced concrete layer is basalt fiber-reinforced concrete.

7. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cement base layer, lightweight gradient layer, and fiber-reinforced concrete layer are bonded together using refractory adhesive.

8. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cement base layer, lightweight gradient layer and fiber-reinforced concrete layer are connected by corrugated or forked metal anchors.

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