A kind of anti-freezing drainage structure for high-cold region tunnel

Abstract

The utility model relates to high and cold region drainage technical field especially relates to a kind of anti-freezing drainage structure for high and cold region tunnel, it includes multiple groups of heat preservation drainage components, and multiple groups of heat preservation drainage components are sequentially communicated, and the heat preservation drainage component includes drain pipe, jacket pipe and outer sleeve tube, and the drain pipe, jacket pipe and outer sleeve tube are sequentially nested from inside to outside, multiple spiral flow guide rings are rotatably sleeved between the drain pipe and jacket pipe, the jacket pipe is connected with outer sleeve tube by connecting rod, and multiple drain holes are further provided on the jacket pipe.The utility model produces strong stirring and disturbance effect to the hot fluid between drain pipe and jacket pipe, effectively destroys the static thermal boundary layer close to the outer wall of drain pipe, so that high-temperature fluid can continuously, violently scour pipe wall, so that the heat transfer efficiency of core area is greatly improved;Meanwhile, the flow velocity of water flow close to outer sleeve tube wall is lower than the flow velocity of drain pipe annex, and heat loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of drainage technology in cold regions, and in particular to an antifreeze drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] In cold regions of my country, drainage systems in tunnel projects are highly susceptible to blockage or cracking due to freezing of internal water during winter, seriously threatening the structural safety and smooth operation of the tunnel. To prevent such frost damage, an anti-freezing drainage structure is commonly used, typically consisting of an inner drainage pipe and an outer jacket. Hot fluids such as circulating hot water and waste heat gases generated during construction or operation are circulated into the jacket cavity between the inner and outer layers. The heat released by these fluids continuously heats the internal drainage pipes, preventing the water inside from freezing.

[0003] However, existing drainage structures still have shortcomings. First, the flow of the hot fluid in the jacket cavity is mostly laminar or natural convection, with uneven velocity distribution. This results in more of the heat carried by the fluid being exchanged with the outer insulation jacket wall, causing heat loss to the external environment. The core heat exchange efficiency, which is actually used to heat the drainage pipe, is low, and the energy utilization rate is poor. Second, due to the lack of an effective active disturbance mechanism, the heat exchange between the hot fluid and the outer wall of the drainage pipe mainly relies on static contact. A thermal boundary layer exists, resulting in high heat transfer resistance and making it difficult to efficiently and centrally transfer heat to the drainage pipe section that needs the most insulation. In addition, the traditional static flow channel structure cannot optimize the velocity distribution of the hot fluid. Heat loss is large at the outer jacket wall, and it is impossible to form a local high-speed flow field near the drainage pipe wall to enhance the heat transfer effect. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides an antifreeze drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A freeze-resistant drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions includes multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components, which are connected in sequence. Each thermal insulation and drainage component includes a drain pipe, a jacketed pipe, and an outer jacket. The drain pipe, jacketed pipe, and outer jacket are nested from the inside out. Multiple spiral guide rings are rotatably connected between the drain pipe and the jacketed pipe. The jacketed pipe and the outer jacket are connected by a connecting rod. The jacketed pipe is also provided with multiple drainage holes.

[0006] Furthermore, the spiral guide ring includes an outer ring, guide vanes, and an inner ring, with the outer ring connected to the inner ring via the guide vanes. The drainage pipe is used to transport water and water within the tunnel. The jacketed pipe and the drainage pipe are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and the drainage pipe is secured by multiple spiral guide rings nested within the jacketed pipe. Simultaneously, the annular cavity between the spiral guide ring and the drainage pipe is the working area of ​​the spiral guide ring, responsible for agitating the hot fluid, increasing the contact area with the drainage pipe, and thus improving the thermal insulation effect. In addition, the water flow near the outer jacket is conventionally transported, minimizing heat contact with the outer jacket wall, thereby reducing heat loss through the outer jacket to the surrounding frozen soil environment.

[0007] Furthermore, multiple guide vanes are provided, and these vanes are equally spaced and inclined, with the same inclination angle. When the hot fluid flows between the drain pipe and the outer casing, it impacts the inclined surfaces of the guide vanes, generating a rotational torque that drives the entire spiral guide ring to rotate. This rotational motion disturbs the flow field, breaks the thermal boundary layer at the pipe wall, and enhances convective heat transfer efficiency. Simultaneously, the rotating vanes make the temperature distribution more uniform, preventing localized overheating or undercooling.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner wall of the jacketed pipe is provided with a limiting groove, and the outer wall of the outer ring is fitted and engaged with the limiting groove. The engagement between the limiting groove and the outer ring achieves axial positioning of the spiral guide ring, preventing the spiral guide ring from shifting along the pipe axis under the influence of axial impact force or vibration of the fluid. At the same time, the spiral guide ring also provides radial auxiliary support as it rotates, enhancing the structural stability of the drainage pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner wall of the inner ring is provided with a groove, and the outer wall of the drain pipe is provided with a retaining ring, which is fitted and engaged with the groove. The engagement between the retaining ring and the groove ensures that the center of rotation always coincides with the axis of the drain pipe, avoiding wear and imbalance caused by eccentric rotation.

[0010] Furthermore, the limiting grooves are evenly spaced, and the distance between any two adjacent limiting grooves is the same as the distance between any two adjacent spiral guide rings and any two adjacent slots. In a single thermal insulation drainage assembly, the number of limiting grooves, spiral guide rings, and slots are all the same. The spiral guide rings correspond to the limiting grooves and slots respectively, so that the spiral guide rings can rotate under the flow of hot fluid, while simultaneously providing radial support and fixation for the drainage pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple sets of connecting rods are arranged along the axis of the outer sleeve, with several connecting rods in any set, and these connecting rods are arranged at equal intervals radially. The network of connecting rods, distributed axially in sets and circumferentially in each set, constitutes the spatial framework connecting the jacket and the outer sleeve. This is used to tightly connect the two sleeves, jointly resisting the compressive loads and uneven settlement caused by the frozen soil in extremely cold environments, preventing the pipe body from being crushed or deformed.

[0012] Furthermore, the plurality of drainage holes are arranged in a matrix along the wall of the jacketed pipe. The drainage holes are used to balance the pressure and flow rate of the hot fluid between the cavities on both sides of the jacketed pipe, making the heat exchange process more complete and efficient, maximizing the utilization of the thermal energy of the hot fluid, and ensuring that heat is uniformly and effectively transferred to the entire outer surface of the drain pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple sets of the aforementioned thermal insulation and drainage components are connected by a sleeve seal. During on-site installation, the ends of adjacent thermal insulation and drainage components are inserted into the sleeve and sealed and fixed by welding, flange fastening, or special sealant.

[0014] Furthermore, the joints of the multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components are also equipped with thermal insulation material, which is polyurethane foam. Pipe joints are usually the parts where thermal bridging is significant and heat is most easily lost. With its extremely low thermal conductivity, good filling properties, and strong adhesion, polyurethane foam can form a continuous, seamless, and highly efficient insulation layer at the joint, effectively blocking the outward loss of heat along the metal sleeve and pipe wall, significantly improving the freeze-resistance reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the entire tunnel drainage system.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model, by setting a spiral guide ring that rotates and fits with the drain pipe, generates a strong stirring and disturbance effect on the hot fluid flowing between the drain pipe and the jacket pipe, effectively destroying the static thermal boundary layer that is tightly attached to the outer wall of the drain pipe, so that the high-temperature fluid can continuously and violently flush the pipe wall, thereby greatly improving the heat transfer efficiency of the core area. 2. This utility model improves the water agitation efficiency of the drain pipe accessories, so that the water flow velocity near the outer pipe wall is lower than that of the drain pipe accessories, thereby reducing the heat exchange effect between the outer pipe and the external environment and reducing heat loss. 3. This utility model, through the drainage holes set on the jacket pipe and the connecting rod structure with the outer jacket pipe, can not only ensure the fixing effect of the outer jacket pipe on the drainage pipe, but also ensure the mutual flow of water, thus avoiding the accumulation of heat on the outside of the jacket pipe and excessive loss. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a partial disassembled structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a drainage pipe; Attached diagram labels: 1-Drainage pipe, 2-Jacketed pipe, 3-Outer jacket, 4-Spiral guide ring, 401-Outer ring, 402-Guide blade, 403-Inner ring, 5-Connecting rod, 6-Drainage hole, 7-Limiting groove, 8-Slot, 9-Snap ring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0018] Example 1, as Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model discloses an anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions, comprising multiple sets of heat-insulating drainage components, which are connected in sequence. Each heat-insulating drainage component includes a drain pipe 1, a jacketed pipe 2, and an outer sleeve 3. The drain pipe 1, jacketed pipe 2, and outer sleeve 3 are nested from the inside out. Multiple spiral guide rings 4 are rotatably connected between the drain pipe 1 and the jacketed pipe 2. The jacketed pipe 2 and the outer sleeve 3 are connected by a connecting rod 5. Multiple drainage holes 6 are also provided on the jacketed pipe 2.

[0019] The spiral guide ring 4 includes an outer ring 401, guide vanes 402, and an inner ring 403. The outer ring 401 is connected to the inner ring 403 via the guide vanes 402. Specifically, the drainage pipe 1 is used to transport water and water within the tunnel. The jacketed pipe 2 is fixedly connected to the drainage pipe 1 via a connecting rod 5, and the drainage pipe 1 is secured by multiple spiral guide rings 4 nested within the jacketed pipe 2. Simultaneously, the annular cavity between the spiral guide ring 4 and the drainage pipe 1 is the working area of ​​the spiral guide ring 4, responsible for agitating the hot fluid, increasing the contact area with the drainage pipe 1, and thus improving the thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, the water flow near the outer jacket 3 is transported normally, minimizing heat contact with the pipe wall of the outer jacket 3, thereby reducing heat loss through the outer jacket 3 to the surrounding frozen soil environment.

[0020] Multiple guide vanes 402 are provided, and these vanes 402 are equally spaced and inclined at the same angle. Specifically, when the hot fluid flows between the drain pipe 1 and the outer casing 3, it impacts the inclined surface of the guide vanes 402, thereby generating a rotational torque that drives the entire spiral guide ring 4 to rotate. The rotational motion disturbs the flow field, breaks the thermal boundary layer at the pipe wall, and enhances the convective heat transfer efficiency. At the same time, the rotating vanes make the temperature distribution more uniform, avoiding local overheating or undercooling.

[0021] The inner wall of the jacketed pipe 2 is provided with a limiting groove 7, and the outer wall of the outer ring 401 is fitted and engaged with the limiting groove 7. Specifically, the engagement between the limiting groove 7 and the outer ring 401 achieves axial positioning of the spiral guide ring 4, preventing the spiral guide ring 4 from shifting along the pipe axis under the influence of fluid axial impact force or vibration. At the same time, the spiral guide ring 4 provides radial auxiliary support while rotating, enhancing the structural stability of the drain pipe 1.

[0022] The inner wall of the inner ring 403 is provided with a groove 8, and the outer wall of the drain pipe 1 is provided with a retaining ring 9. The retaining ring 9 is adapted to engage with the groove 8. Specifically, the engagement between the retaining ring 9 and the groove 8 ensures that the center of rotation always coincides with the axis of the drain pipe 1, avoiding wear and imbalance caused by eccentric rotation.

[0023] The limiting grooves 7 are evenly spaced, and the distance between any two adjacent limiting grooves 7 is the same as the distance between any two adjacent spiral guide rings 4 and any two adjacent slots 8. Specifically, this means that in a single thermal insulation drainage assembly, the number of limiting grooves 7, spiral guide rings 4, and slots 8 are all the same. The spiral guide rings 4 correspond to the limiting grooves 7 and slots 8 respectively, so that the spiral guide rings 4 can rotate under the flow of hot fluid, while simultaneously providing radial support and fixation for the drainage pipe 1.

[0024] Multiple sets of connecting rods 5 are arranged along the axis of the outer sleeve 3, with several connecting rods 5 in each set, and these connecting rods 5 are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction. Specifically, the network of connecting rods 5, which are distributed axially in groups and circumferentially in each group, constitutes the spatial skeleton connecting the jacket 2 and the outer sleeve 3. This is used to tightly connect the two sleeves, jointly resisting the compressive load and uneven settlement caused by the frozen soil in the cold environment, and preventing the pipe body from being crushed or deformed.

[0025] The plurality of drainage holes 6 are arranged in a matrix along the wall of the jacketed pipe 2. Specifically, the drainage holes 6 are used to balance the pressure and flow rate of the hot fluid between the cavities on both sides of the jacketed pipe 2, so that the heat exchange process is more complete and efficient, maximizing the utilization of the thermal energy of the hot fluid and ensuring that the heat is uniformly and effectively transferred to the entire outer surface of the drain pipe 1.

[0026] Multiple sets of the aforementioned thermal insulation and drainage components are connected by a sleeve seal. Specifically, during on-site installation, the ends of adjacent thermal insulation and drainage components are inserted into the sleeve and sealed and fixed by welding, flange fastening, or special sealant.

[0027] The joints of the multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components are also equipped with thermal insulation material, which is polyurethane foam. Specifically, pipe joints are usually the parts where the thermal bridging effect is significant and heat is most easily lost. With its extremely low thermal conductivity, good filling properties (it can foam and fill irregular gaps), and strong adhesion, polyurethane foam can form a continuous, seamless, and highly efficient thermal insulation layer at the joint, effectively blocking the outward loss of heat along the metal sleeve and pipe wall, significantly improving the freeze-thaw resistance reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the entire tunnel drainage system.

[0028] Example 2, based on Example 1, proposes a specific working principle for an antifreeze drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions.

[0029] When the system is in operation, the heat medium, such as circulating hot water or waste heat gas generated during tunnel operation, is first introduced into the outer annular cavity formed by the outer sleeve 3 and the jacket 2. Subsequently, driven by the flow pressure, the heat medium passes through the drainage holes 6 evenly distributed on the wall of the jacket 2 and enters the inner heat exchange cavity formed by the jacket 2, the drain pipe 1, and multiple spiral guide rings 4. When the heat medium flows through the spiral guide rings 4, it impacts the inclined surface of its guide vanes 402, generating a uniform thrust and forming a rotational torque that drives the entire spiral guide ring 4 to rotate around the axis of the drain pipe 1. This rotational motion enhances heat transfer, and the rotating vanes disturb the heat medium in the inner cavity, completely destroying the static thermal boundary layer tightly attached to the outer wall of the drain pipe 1. This allows the high-temperature medium to continuously and efficiently flush the pipe wall, improving the convective heat transfer efficiency and concentrating the heat to the core drain pipe 1. Simultaneously, the rotating guide ring creates a uniform spiral turbulence of the heat medium within the cavity, ensuring that the drain pipe 1 is heated uniformly along the axial and circumferential directions, thus eliminating localized cold spots.

[0030] Example 3: Based on Example 1, this example proposes a guide vane structure for an antifreeze drainage structure used in tunnels in cold regions.

[0031] The elastic scrapers added to the end of the guide vanes 402 generate a continuous scraping force through their interference contact with the inner wall of the jacketed tube 2. When the spiral guide ring 4 rotates, these scrapers effectively remove soft dirt, biological slime, impurities, or scale adhering to the inner wall of the jacketed tube 2 and the edges of the drainage holes 6, preventing them from accumulating and hardening. The elastic design ensures that the scrapers can adapt to minor unevenness in the tube wall and maintain contact pressure after wear. Its cleaning effect is far superior to the intermittent scraping between rigid components, significantly reducing the risk of flow channel blockage and ensuring long-term heat exchange efficiency.

[0032] Of course, there may be other embodiments of this utility model. Without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on this utility model, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A frost-resistant drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions, comprising multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components, wherein the multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components are connected in sequence, characterized in that: The thermal insulation and drainage assembly includes a drain pipe (1), a jacketed pipe (2) and an outer sleeve (3). The drain pipe (1), the jacketed pipe (2) and the outer sleeve (3) are nested from the inside to the outside. Multiple spiral guide rings (4) are rotatably connected between the drain pipe (1) and the jacketed pipe (2). The jacketed pipe (2) and the outer sleeve (3) are connected by a connecting rod (5). Multiple drainage holes (6) are also provided on the jacketed pipe (2).

2. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral guide ring includes an outer ring (401), guide vanes and an inner ring (403), wherein the outer ring (401) is connected to the inner ring (403) through the guide vanes.

3. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide vanes are provided in multiple ways, and the multiple guide vanes (402) are inclined at equal intervals, and the multiple guide vanes (402) have the same inclination angle.

4. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the jacket tube (2) is provided with a limiting groove (7), and the outer wall of the outer ring (401) is adapted to and snapped into the limiting groove (7).

5. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inner ring (403) is provided with a groove (8), and the outer wall of the drain pipe (1) is provided with a retaining ring (9), which is adapted to engage with the groove (8).

6. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting grooves (7) are set at equal intervals, and the distance between any two adjacent limiting grooves (7) is the same as the distance between any two adjacent spiral guide rings and any two adjacent card slots (8).

7. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rods (5) are arranged in multiple sets along the axis of the outer sleeve (3), and each set of connecting rods (5) has several rods, which are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction.

8. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of the hydrophobic holes (6) are arranged in a matrix along the wall of the jacketed pipe (2).

9. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of the aforementioned thermal insulation and drainage components are connected by a sleeve seal.

10. The anti-freezing drainage structure for tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 9, characterized in that: The joints of the multiple sets of thermal insulation and drainage components are also provided with thermal insulation material, which is polyurethane foam.

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