An energy dissipation facility that adjusts the flow pattern

Abstract

An energy dissipation facility for adjusting flow patterns, relating to the field of hydraulic engineering, includes: an energy dissipation slope and an energy dissipation pool. The energy dissipation slope comprises an incline with energy dissipation steps and guide holes on the steps, and the bottom of the slope has a transverse slope. The energy dissipation pool is a pool-shaped structure with pool walls and a bottom, the bottom of which also has a transverse slope. Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: by adding flow-guiding energy dissipation facilities to the incline, it breaks through the limitations of traditional energy dissipation pools, cleverly guiding the water flow to a uniform distribution, redistributing the water flow that was originally concentrated on the left side, and significantly improving the energy dissipation effect. Simultaneously, this facility also has a significant advantage in increasing energy dissipation flow rate, fully tapping the energy dissipation potential of the facility, and has important application value in the technical fields of precise flow pattern control and efficient energy dissipation, such as hydraulic engineering and fluid transport system optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to an energy dissipation facility for adjusting flow patterns. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of hydraulic engineering and fluid control, the development of flow regulation facilities reflects humanity's gradual and in-depth exploration of water flow energy control. Early flow regulation methods were very primitive, relying mostly on simple terrain modifications or extensive structures, such as straight-slope energy dissipation structures. These facilities could only provide extremely limited energy dissipation effects and were almost powerless in dealing with complex flow conditions, with small energy dissipation flows that could not meet the needs of practical engineering. With the accumulation of theoretical research and practical experience, energy dissipation pool technology emerged and has continued to evolve, from initially possessing only basic energy dissipation functions to now integrating multiple design concepts to attempt to achieve better flow regulation under different operating conditions. However, existing related technologies still have many problems that urgently need to be solved, especially in terms of water flow distribution uniformity and energy dissipation flow enhancement. Traditional energy dissipation pools often face the dilemma of water flow concentrating on one side under the influence of Coriolis force. Taking common energy dissipation pools as an example, their design is mostly based on the assumption of ideal flow. However, in actual operation, due to factors such as inflow conditions, topographic deviations, and structural asymmetry, the water flow tends to deviate to one side, and a large amount of energy is concentrated in a local area for dissipation. This not only leads to severe scouring in that area and an increased risk of structural damage, but also greatly reduces the overall energy dissipation efficiency. A large amount of energy is not effectively dissipated and flows downstream, triggering a series of chain problems such as scouring and damage to downstream hydraulic structures. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides an energy dissipation device for adjusting the flow pattern, which is used to solve the problem that water flow is concentrated on one side and fails to play a good energy dissipation role.

[0004] This application provides an energy dissipation facility for adjusting flow patterns, including: an energy dissipation slope and an energy dissipation pool. The energy dissipation slope includes a ramp, energy dissipation steps are provided on the ramp, flow guide holes are provided on the energy dissipation steps, and the bottom of the energy dissipation slope has a transverse slope.

[0005] The energy dissipation pool has a pool-shaped structure, with pool walls and a pool bottom, and the pool bottom has a transverse slope.

[0006] As an improvement, the number of holes in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers of the guide holes is the same, and the layers are staggered with equal spacing. The guide holes in adjacent layers are all located at the interval between the guide holes in adjacent layers.

[0007] As an improvement, the bottom of the energy dissipation step is connected to the energy dissipation pool.

[0008] As an improvement, the slopes of the energy dissipation slope and the energy dissipation pool are the same, with one side higher than the other.

[0009] As an improvement, the center line of the guide hole is vertically perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0010] As an improvement, the pool wall is located at the edge of the energy dissipation pool, and the pool wall is set perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The pool wall on the side near the energy dissipation slope is replaced by an energy dissipation step.

[0011] As an improvement, the pool wall on the side away from the energy dissipation slope is set at the same height as the bottom slope of the pool.

[0012] As an improvement, the top of the pool wall is coplanar, and the surface formed by the top has a transverse slope that is parallel to the bottom of the pool.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: By adding a flow-guiding energy dissipation facility to the slope, it breaks through the limitations of traditional energy dissipation pools, cleverly guiding the water flow to a uniform distribution, and redistributing the water flow that was originally concentrated on the left side, significantly improving the energy dissipation effect. At the same time, this facility also has a significant advantage in increasing the energy dissipation flow rate, fully tapping the energy dissipation potential of the facility. It has important application value in the fields of precise flow control and efficient energy dissipation, such as hydraulic engineering and fluid transport system optimization, effectively solving the prominent problems of existing flow adjustment facilities in terms of water flow distribution uniformity and energy dissipation flow rate improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solution of this utility model and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 1 A front view provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 2 A perspective view provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 3 A top view provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of section AA provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 5 A side view provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the flow guide hole structure provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Among them: 1. Energy dissipation slope, 11. Inclined slope, 12. Energy dissipation step, 13. Guide hole, 2. Energy dissipation pool, 21. Pool wall, 22. Pool bottom. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, when describing pipelines, the terms "connected" and "linked" as used in this application have the meaning of establishing electrical connection. The specific meaning needs to be understood in conjunction with the context.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0027] An energy dissipation facility for adjusting flow patterns includes: an energy dissipation slope 1 and an energy dissipation pool 2. The energy dissipation slope 1 includes a ramp 11, an energy dissipation step 12 is provided on the ramp 11, a flow guide hole 13 is provided on the energy dissipation step 12, and the bottom of the energy dissipation slope 1 has a transverse slope.

[0028] The energy dissipation pool 2 has a pool-shaped structure, with a pool wall 21 and a pool bottom 22, and the pool bottom 22 has a transverse slope.

[0029] The combination of energy dissipation slope and energy dissipation pool achieves multi-stage energy dissipation of water flow. Specifically, the energy dissipation steps on the slope cause the water flow to drop and turbulent, initially reducing energy, while the guide holes guide the water flow to a uniform distribution, avoiding localized water flow concentration. The energy dissipation pool, as a space for further energy dissipation, has a transverse slope that matches the transverse slope at the bottom of the energy dissipation slope, guiding the water flow to a uniform distribution and further dissipating energy. This design effectively solves the problems of low energy dissipation efficiency and uneven water flow distribution in existing energy dissipation facilities. It is particularly suitable for the control and energy dissipation of high-velocity, high-flow-rate water in water conservancy projects, such as downstream areas of dams and spillways, ensuring the safe and stable operation of water conservancy facilities.

[0030] The transverse slope at the bottom of the energy dissipation slope and the bottom of the energy dissipation pool not only guides the water flow to a uniform distribution, but also increases the turbulence of the water flow when it flows laterally, promoting water mixing and improving the energy dissipation effect. Compared with existing energy dissipation facilities that rely solely on longitudinal slope for energy dissipation, the transverse slope design of this utility model significantly improves energy dissipation efficiency, while reducing local scouring of the pool bottom and walls by the water flow, thus extending the service life of the facility.

[0031] As an improvement, the number of holes in the odd-numbered and even-numbered layers of the guide holes 13 is the same, and they are arranged in an alternating manner with equal spacing. The guide holes 13 of two adjacent layers are all located at the interval between the guide holes 13 of the adjacent layers.

[0032] The diversion orifices in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers have the same number of orifices and are arranged in an alternating pattern with equal spacing. The orifices in adjacent layers are positioned at intervals between adjacent layers. This layout ensures a uniform distribution of water flow across the energy dissipation steps, preventing localized flow concentration. The equal spacing ensures uniform horizontal flow distribution, while the staggered arrangement guarantees vertical uniformity, thereby improving energy dissipation efficiency, reducing impact and erosion on the facility, and lowering maintenance costs. This design ensures stable and efficient operation of the energy dissipation facility under complex flow conditions, and is of great significance for improving the overall performance of hydraulic engineering projects.

[0033] By increasing the diffusion and mixing of the water flow, a more complex flow pattern is formed within the energy dissipation pool, thereby increasing energy dissipation. This staggered arrangement increases the flow path of the water, resulting in more collisions and friction as the water passes through the guide holes, thus improving energy dissipation efficiency. Compared to traditional guide hole arrangements, the guide hole layout of this invention can dissipate energy more effectively and reduce the risk of scouring of downstream hydraulic structures.

[0034] As an improvement, the bottom of the energy dissipation step 12 is connected to the energy dissipation pool 2.

[0035] The bottom of the energy dissipation step connects seamlessly with the energy dissipation pool, ensuring a smooth and unobstructed transition of water flow from the energy dissipation slope to the pool. This seamless connection avoids impact and energy loss at the connection point, allowing the water to smoothly enter the energy dissipation pool for further energy dissipation. Compared to the existing design where the energy dissipation step and energy dissipation pool are separate, this new connection method improves water flow transmission efficiency, reduces structural complexity at the connection point, lowers construction difficulty and cost, and enhances the continuity of the water flow energy dissipation process.

[0036] Seamless connection eliminates weak points at the joints, improving the structural stability and durability of the entire energy dissipation facility. During long-term operation, the energy dissipation facility can withstand the impact and abrasion of water flow without easily being damaged, reducing the frequency of maintenance and repair, and lowering operation and maintenance costs.

[0037] As an improvement, the slopes of the energy dissipation slope 1 and the energy dissipation pool 2 are the same, with one side higher than the other.

[0038] The energy dissipation slope and energy dissipation pool have the same slope, with one side higher than the other, ensuring that the water flows along a uniform slope throughout the energy dissipation process, guaranteeing the continuity and consistency of the water flow. This design fully utilizes gravity, optimizes the water flow path, and improves energy dissipation efficiency. Compared to existing designs where the energy dissipation slope and energy dissipation pool have inconsistent slopes, this invention's uniform slope design avoids turbulence and energy loss that occurs when the water flow transitions between different slopes, thus improving the stability of the water flow.

[0039] The optimized flow path of water within the energy dissipation slope and pool facilitates uniform water distribution and efficient energy dissipation. As the water flows along the slope, it creates an orderly flow pattern within the energy dissipation slope and pool, preventing excessively rapid or slow flow in certain areas, thereby improving the overall energy dissipation efficiency of the facility.

[0040] As an improvement, the center line of the guide hole 13 is vertically perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0041] The centerline of the guide hole is vertically perpendicular to the horizontal plane, ensuring that the water flows uniformly downwards in a vertical direction. This design avoids water flow deviation, rotation, or localized impact caused by the tilt of the guide hole, allowing the water flow to be evenly distributed to different positions in the energy dissipation pool, improving energy dissipation efficiency and reducing localized scouring. Compared to the inconsistent direction of guide holes in existing technologies, the vertical guide hole of this invention is more conducive to stable water flow, reducing the impact force of the water flow on the pool bottom and walls, and lowering the wear and maintenance costs of the facility.

[0042] The vertically oriented guide holes simplify the processing and installation, and improve the structural stability and durability of the guide holes. During long-term operation, the guide holes are not easily deformed or damaged by water flow impact, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the energy dissipation facility.

[0043] As an improvement, the pool wall 21 is located at the edge of the energy dissipation pool 2, and the pool wall 21 is set perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The pool wall 21 on the side close to the energy dissipation slope 1 is replaced by the energy dissipation step 12.

[0044] The pool wall is located at the edge of the energy dissipation pool and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, with the pool wall near the energy dissipation slope replaced by energy dissipation steps. This design reduces structural complexity and allows water flow to enter the energy dissipation pool more smoothly from the energy dissipation slope. The combination of energy dissipation steps and pool walls enhances water flow turbulence and energy dissipation effect, while reducing the impact force of water flow on the pool walls, thus improving the stability and durability of the pool walls. Compared to the existing design where energy dissipation steps are separate from the pool walls, this invention optimizes the structural layout of the energy dissipation pool, improves space utilization, and enhances the energy dissipation effect.

[0045] The vertically oriented pool walls effectively prevent water from spreading outwards, ensuring that the water flow is concentrated within the energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation, thus preventing overflow or scouring damage outside the pool. This design improves energy dissipation efficiency, protects the surrounding environment of the energy dissipation pool, and reduces the impact on surrounding facilities.

[0046] As an improvement, the pool wall 21 on the side away from the energy dissipation slope 1 is set at the same height as the pool bottom 22.

[0047] The pool wall on the side furthest from the energy dissipation slope is set at the same height as the pool bottom slope, ensuring that the pool wall height matches the pool bottom slope. This design ensures that the water level remains appropriate as it flows along the pool bottom slope, preventing localized siltation or overflow, while also maintaining uniform water flow distribution and improving energy dissipation efficiency. Compared to existing designs with mismatched pool wall heights, this invention's equal-height design optimizes the internal space of the energy dissipation pool and improves the stability of water flow.

[0048] When water flows in the energy dissipation pool, the coordinated design of the pool wall and bottom slope helps to evenly transport impurities such as silt in the water to the downstream, reducing local silt accumulation in the pool and extending the service life of the energy dissipation pool.

[0049] As an improvement, the top of the pool wall 21 is coplanar, and the surface formed by the top has a transverse slope that is parallel to the pool bottom 22.

[0050] The top of the pool wall is coplanar, forming a surface with a transverse slope parallel to the pool bottom. This design optimizes the upper structure of the energy dissipation pool, ensuring a smooth and consistent construction surface, facilitating subsequent facility expansion or equipment installation. The transverse slope at the top guides the water flow to a uniform distribution, further improving the energy dissipation effect while reducing localized erosion and extending the facility's service life. Compared to existing technologies with unreasonable top wall designs, the coplanar top and transverse slope design of this invention improves the overall performance and aesthetics of the energy dissipation pool.

[0051] The coplanar top design enhances the integrity and stability of the pool walls, making them less prone to deformation or damage when subjected to water flow impacts. The lateral slope is parallel to the pool bottom, making the energy dissipation pool's structure more harmonious and improving its load-bearing capacity and durability.

[0052] Example:

[0053] In the optimization study of the energy dissipation system of a certain water conservancy project, a series of comparative experiments were designed and carried out to verify the performance of a novel energy dissipation facility that adjusts the flow regime. Two similar spillway outlets were selected as test sites, labeled as a traditional energy dissipation pool (site A) and the novel energy dissipation facility (site B), respectively. Before the experiments, detailed surveys and measurements were conducted on the topography and flow conditions of both sites to ensure that the initial conditions were essentially the same, thus guaranteeing the reliability and comparability of the experimental results.

[0054] The design parameters of the new energy dissipation facility are as follows: the energy dissipation slope is 20 meters long with a slope angle of 30°, the energy dissipation step is 0.5 meters high and 1 meter wide, the guide hole diameter is 0.2 meters, and there are 10 holes in both odd and even layers, spaced 1.5 meters apart in an alternating pattern; the energy dissipation pool is 30 meters long, 10 meters wide, 2 meters high, and has a 2% transverse slope at the bottom. Traditional energy dissipation pools use a conventional design, with a length of 30 meters, a width of 10 meters, and a wall height of 2 meters, without special structures such as energy dissipation steps and guide holes.

[0055] At the start of the experiment, a traditional energy dissipation pool was tested first. The upstream gate was opened, allowing water to flow steadily into the pool through the spillway. A flow meter was used to measure the water velocity at different locations within the pool, and a water level gauge was used to measure water level changes. Simultaneously, the flow velocity and flow rate at the pool outlet were recorded to evaluate the energy dissipation effect and flow regulation capability of the traditional energy dissipation pool. After multiple measurements, performance data of the traditional energy dissipation pool under different flow conditions were obtained.

[0056] Subsequently, the new energy dissipation facility was tested. The upstream gate was opened again, allowing water to flow through the energy dissipation slope and energy dissipation pool. The water first impacted the energy dissipation steps on the slope, creating drops and turbulence, and after initial energy dissipation, it entered the energy dissipation pool evenly through the guide holes. In the energy dissipation pool, the water flowed further along the transversely sloping bottom, dissipating energy once more. Throughout the process, the same measuring equipment and methods were used to measure and record in detail various performance indicators of the new energy dissipation facility, including water flow velocity, water level changes, and energy dissipation efficiency. After repeated experiments to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, the performance of the new energy dissipation facility under different flow conditions was finally obtained.

[0057] Table 1: Performance Comparison of Traditional Energy Dissipation Pools and New Energy Dissipation Facilities under Different Flow Rates

[0058]

[0059] Analysis of the data in Table 1 clearly demonstrates that the new energy dissipation facility has significant advantages and beneficial effects compared to the traditional energy dissipation pool in several aspects. Regarding flow rate, the traditional energy dissipation pool had a maximum energy dissipation flow rate of 40 cubic meters per second in test phase 1, while the new energy dissipation facility achieved an energy dissipation flow rate of 80 cubic meters per second in test phase 1, twice that of the traditional energy dissipation pool. This indicates that the new energy dissipation facility, by adding flow-guiding energy dissipation facilities on the slope, greatly improves the flow processing capacity of the energy dissipation system, meeting the energy dissipation needs of larger flow rates.

[0060] In terms of average and maximum flow velocities, the new energy dissipation facility exhibits lower average and maximum flow velocities than the traditional energy dissipation pool. For example, in test phase 1, the traditional energy dissipation pool had an average flow velocity of 8.3 m / s and a maximum flow velocity of 12.0 m / s; while the new energy dissipation facility had an average flow velocity of only 6.5 m / s and a maximum flow velocity of 9.2 m / s. This demonstrates that the new energy dissipation facility can more effectively reduce water flow velocity, allowing water to flow more smoothly through the energy dissipation system and reducing the impact and erosion of the downstream river channel.

[0061] Energy dissipation rate is a crucial indicator for evaluating the performance of energy dissipation facilities. In Phase 1 of the experiment, the new energy dissipation facility achieved an energy dissipation rate of 82%, a 14 percentage point increase compared to the 68% of the traditional energy dissipation pool. In Phases 2 and 3, the new energy dissipation facility achieved energy dissipation rates of 85% and 88%, respectively, while the energy dissipation rate of the traditional energy dissipation pool gradually decreased with increasing flow rate, reaching 62% and 59%, respectively. This indicates that the new energy dissipation facility maintains high energy dissipation efficiency under different flow conditions, while the energy dissipation efficiency of the traditional energy dissipation pool significantly decreases with increasing flow rate. The new energy dissipation facility, through the synergistic effect of energy dissipation steps and guide holes, induces multiple drops and turbulence in the water flow, thus achieving more thorough energy dissipation.

[0062] In terms of bottom scouring depth, the new energy dissipation system also significantly outperformed the traditional energy dissipation pool. The traditional energy dissipation pool achieved a bottom scouring depth of 160 mm in test phase 1, while the new system only achieved 80 mm. As the flow rate increased, the bottom scouring depth of the traditional energy dissipation pool further increased, reaching 250 mm in test phase 3; while the new system only achieved a bottom scouring depth of 100 mm in test phase 3. This indicates that the new energy dissipation system can effectively reduce water flow scouring of the pool bottom, protect the integrity of the pool bottom structure, and extend the service life of the energy dissipation system. This is mainly due to the transverse slope design and the uniform flow distribution of the guide holes in the new energy dissipation system, which makes the water flow distribution on the pool bottom more uniform and reduces localized scouring.

[0063] In terms of pool wall stability, the new energy dissipation system also demonstrates significant advantages. The stability of the traditional energy dissipation pool wall was only 0.85 in test phase 1, gradually decreasing to 0.70 as the flow rate increased; while the stability of the new energy dissipation system wall remained above 0.90 in all test phases. This indicates that the new energy dissipation system has a more stable pool wall structure and can effectively resist the impact and pressure of water flow. The new energy dissipation system enhances the overall stability and erosion resistance of the pool wall by optimizing its design, such as replacing the pool wall near the energy dissipation slope with energy dissipation steps, setting the pool wall away from the energy dissipation slope at the same height along the bottom slope, and having a coplanar top with a transverse slope.

[0064] In summary, through improvements such as adding flow-guiding energy dissipation facilities to the slope, optimizing the energy dissipation steps and pool wall structure, the new energy dissipation facility has achieved significant improvements in energy dissipation flow rate, energy dissipation rate, water flow velocity control, pool bottom scour protection, and pool wall stability. These improvements not only solve the problems of low energy dissipation efficiency, severe pool bottom scour, and poor pool wall stability of traditional energy dissipation pools under high flow conditions, but also provide new ideas and methods for the optimized design of energy dissipation systems in water conservancy projects, possessing significant practical application value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime, characterized in that, The application relates to a dissipating slope (1) and a dissipating pool (2), wherein the dissipating slope (1) comprises a slope (11) provided with dissipating steps (12), the dissipating steps (12) are provided with flow guide holes (13), and the bottom of the dissipating slope (1) is provided with a transverse slope. The dissipating pool (2) is a pool structure, and the dissipating pool (2) is provided with a pool wall (21) and a pool bottom (22), and the pool bottom (22) is provided with a transverse slope. The single-layer and double-layer flow guide holes (13) are arranged in an equal interval staggered mode, and the flow guide holes (13) of adjacent two layers are arranged at interval positions of the flow guide holes (13) of adjacent layers.

2. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime according to claim 1, wherein The bottom of the dissipating step (12) is connected with the dissipating pool (2).

3. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime according to claim 1, wherein The slopes of the dissipating slope (1) and the dissipating pool (2) are the same, and the slopes are high on one side and low on the other side.

4. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime according to claim 1, wherein The center line of the flow guide hole (13) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.

5. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime according to claim 1, wherein The pool wall (21) is arranged at the edge of the dissipating pool (2), the pool wall (21) is arranged perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, the pool wall (21) near the dissipating slope (1) is replaced by the dissipating step (12).

6. An energy dissipating device for adjusting flow regime according to claim 1, wherein The pool wall (21) far from the dissipating slope (1) is arranged along the slope of the pool bottom (22).

7. An energy dissipater for adjusting flow regime according to claim 6, wherein The top of the pool wall (21) is coplanar, and the surface formed by the top is provided with a transverse slope, and the slope is parallel to the pool bottom (22).

8. An energy dissipater of the kind referred to in claim 6, wherein ​

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