Transducer, ultrasonic probe and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a transducer, an ultrasonic detector and a vehicle, the transducer comprising a first transducing component in a hollow columnar shape; and a second transducing component in a columnar shape; wherein the second transducing component is at least partially mounted in the hollow columnar space of the first transducing component. By integrating the first transducing component and the second transducing component, the integration degree of the transducer is improved, and the space mounting requirement is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of acoustic wave detector technology, and more particularly to a transducer, an ultrasonic detector, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the relevant existing technologies, ultrasonic transducers for different media are designed independently. Multiple transducers are required for multiple different detection media, which results in a large requirement for installation space and does not meet the requirements for miniaturization.

[0003] Therefore, a new transducer is needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a transducer, an ultrasonic detector, and a vehicle. The transducer improves integration and reduces space installation requirements, thereby at least partially solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a transducer is provided, comprising: a first transducer component, which is in the form of a hollow column; and

[0006] The second transducer component is columnar in shape;

[0007] The second transducer is at least partially installed within the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer.

[0008] In some embodiments, an acoustic isolation gap is provided between the first transducer component and the second transducer component.

[0009] In some embodiments, the width of the acoustic isolation gap is greater than λ / 4, where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air.

[0010] In some embodiments, an acoustic isolation element is provided in the acoustic isolation gap.

[0011] In some embodiments, the acoustic isolator is made of rubber.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first transducer is a hollow cylinder, and its width in the radial direction is positively correlated with the wavelength of the acoustic wave applied to the specified medium.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first transducer is a hollow cylinder with a radial width of:

[0014] W=(0.5-1.5)*λ (1)

[0015] λ is the acoustic wavelength of the first transducer component applied to the set medium.

[0016] In some embodiments, W = (0.5-0.6)*λ, where λ is the acoustic wavelength of the first transducer applied to the set medium.

[0017] In some implementations, λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first transducer is a hollow cylinder, and the outer diameter of the first transducer is positively correlated with its designed minimum detection distance and the acoustic wavelength of the target medium to which it is applied.

[0019] In some implementations, the outer diameter of the first transducer component satisfies:

[0020] D2=N*4λ (2)

[0021] Where D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component;

[0022] N is the minimum designed detection distance;

[0023] λ is the acoustic wavelength of the target medium used in the first transducer component.

[0024] In some embodiments, the second transducer is cylindrical, and its diameter is negatively correlated with the radial width of the first transducer and the wavelength of the sound wave in air, and its diameter is positively correlated with the outer diameter of the first transducer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second transducer is cylindrical with a diameter d = D - 2W - λ / 2 (3)

[0026] Where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in the air;

[0027] D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component;

[0028] W is the width of the first transducer component in the radial direction.

[0029] In some embodiments, both the first transducer and the second transducer are provided with a piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the piezoelectric ceramic layer is provided with a matching layer.

[0030] In some embodiments, the matching layer is one or more layers, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer gradually decreases along a first direction, the first direction being from one end of the matching layer near the piezoelectric ceramic layer to the end away from the piezoelectric ceramic layer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the multi-layered matching layer includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer that overlap sequentially along a first direction;

[0032] The acoustic impedance Z1 of the first layer is designed to be (25~35)*106Rayl;

[0033] The acoustic impedance Z2 of the second layer is designed to be (5~20)*106Rayl;

[0034] The acoustic impedance Z3 of the third layer is designed to be (1~3)*106Rayl.

[0035] In some embodiments, a backing layer is provided at the end of the piezoelectric ceramic layer away from the matching layer.

[0036] In some embodiments, the acoustic design frequency of the first transducer is 20kHz-70kHz, and the acoustic design frequency of the second transducer is 200kHz-800kHz.

[0037] In some embodiments, the acoustic design frequency of the first transducer is 200kHz-800kHz, and the acoustic design frequency of the second transducer is 20kHz-70kHz.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first transducer assembly and the second transducer assembly are installed inside a housing.

[0039] According to a second aspect of this application, an ultrasonic detector is provided, including the aforementioned transducer.

[0040] In some implementations, a drive circuit is included, wherein both the first transducer component and the second transducer component are electrically connected to the drive circuit.

[0041] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the aforementioned ultrasonic detector.

[0042] In the transducer of this application embodiment, by integrating the first transducer component and the second transducer component, the integration of the transducer is improved, the space installation requirements are reduced, the aesthetics of the transducer installation are improved, the installation process is reduced, and high-efficiency detection performance of different media is achieved through a single transducer probe.

[0043] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an ultrasonic generator provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic generator provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first transducer component provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second transducer component provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an ultrasonic generator provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0052] 1-First transducer component, 11-First piezoelectric ceramic layer, 12-First matching layer, 13-First backing layer,

[0053] 2-Second transducer, 21-Second piezoelectric ceramic layer, 22-Second matching layer, 221-First acoustic impedance layer, 222-Second acoustic impedance layer, 223-Third acoustic impedance layer, 23-Second backing layer;

[0054] 3- Acoustic isolation component;

[0055] 4-Drive circuit;

[0056] 5-Shell;

[0057] 6-Outlet conduit;

[0058] d' - Acoustic isolation spacing. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0060] There are some pressing problems in the current field of ultrasonic detection technology, which severely limit the application of ultrasonic detection equipment in different media environments.

[0061] Traditional 40kHz ultrasonic probes exhibit good detection performance in air, with a detection range of up to 5 meters. This is because 40kHz ultrasonic waves propagate with relatively low attenuation in air, enabling the detection of obstacles at greater distances. However, the situation is drastically different when using 40kHz ultrasonic probes in water. Due to the significant difference in acoustic impedance between water and air (up to 3600 times), 40kHz ultrasonic waves experience severe attenuation in water, rendering them ineffective for propagation and obstacle detection. In contrast, 500kHz ultrasonic probes perform well in water, accurately detecting underwater obstacles. However, in air, due to impedance mismatch, these 500kHz probes cannot form an effective sound field, thus failing to detect airborne obstacles. This disconnect in media adaptability severely limits the application of existing ultrasonic detection equipment in various media environments.

[0062] For example, for amphibious equipment, existing ultrasonic probes cannot be used simultaneously in both water and air, thus requiring the installation of two independent probe systems. For instance, unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) need to use dedicated underwater transducers for obstacle detection underwater, while above the surface, they require additional probes to detect airborne obstacles. This hardware redundancy not only increases the cost and complexity of the equipment but also makes its structure bulky, hindering miniaturization and integration.

[0063] According to a first aspect of this application, a transducer is provided; please refer to... Figures 1 to 4The transducer includes a first transducer component 1 and a second transducer component 2. The first transducer component 1 is hollow cylindrical, and the second transducer component 2 is cylindrical. The second transducer component 2 is at least partially installed within the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer component 1. It can be understood that the first transducer component 1 has a hole formed along its axial direction or centerline, making it hollow cylindrical. The dimension of the second transducer component 2 perpendicular to its axial direction or centerline is smaller than the dimension of the hole in the first transducer component 1 perpendicular to its axial direction or centerline. For example, in one embodiment, the hole on the first transducer component 1 is circular, and the second transducer component 2 is cylindrical. The diameter of the second transducer component 2 is smaller than the diameter of the hole on the first transducer component 1, so that the first transducer component 1 can be wholly or partially fitted onto the outer periphery of the second transducer component 2, and the second transducer component 2 is wholly or partially located within the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer component 1. When the second transducer 2 is partially located within the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer 1, the second transducer 2 extends out of the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer 1 along its axial direction or centerline. By fitting the first transducer 1 onto the outer periphery of the second transducer 2, the two transducer components are integrated. This achieves the detection functions of both transducers in a smaller space, with a higher degree of integration, reduced installation steps, and efficient detection performance for different media through a single transducer probe. Furthermore, compared to installing separate probes, the integrated transducer improves the aesthetics of the installation.

[0064] In some implementations, please refer to Figure 2 An acoustic isolation gap is provided between the first transducer component 1 and the second transducer component 2. It is understood that the first transducer component 1 and the second transducer component 2, when installed together, will interfere with each other. Therefore, an acoustic isolation gap is provided between the first transducer component 1 and the second transducer component 2 to reduce signal interference between them, so that both transducer components can work normally and achieve normal detection function.

[0065] In some implementations, please refer to Figure 2The width of the acoustic isolation gap is greater than λ / 4, where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air. It can be understood that to achieve good acoustic isolation, the acoustic isolation gap is set to at least λ / 4. For example, this transducer is used as a dual-purpose detector in both water and air. Since the speed of sound in air is 340 m / s, the sound frequency is 40 kHz, and the wavelength λ = 8.5 mm, while in water the speed of sound is 1500 m / s, the sound frequency is 500 kHz, and the wavelength λ = 3 mm, the wavelength λ / 4 = 2.1 mm in air and 0.75 mm in water. Since the transducer components in air and water do not work simultaneously but switch according to the environment, a large value is taken for the acoustic isolation spacing. In other words, the wavelength λ of the acoustic isolation spacing is taken as the wavelength of the sound wave in air, and the width of the acoustic isolation spacing is greater than λ / 4 = 2.1mm. For example, the acoustic isolation spacing is taken as 2.2mm, 2.5mm, etc., to ensure that the acoustic isolation spacing has a good signal anti-interference effect.

[0066] In some implementations, please refer to Figure 2 An acoustic isolator 3 is provided within the acoustic isolation gap to further enhance the acoustic isolation effect. Typically, the material of the acoustic isolator 3 is chosen for its good flexibility and elasticity, effectively isolating vibrations of different frequencies and reducing mutual interference. Simultaneously, the material of the acoustic isolator 3 also needs to possess certain sound absorption properties to reduce sound wave reflection and scattering. Furthermore, the material of the acoustic isolator 3 can also be chosen for its good environmental adaptability, enabling it to resist changes in factors such as temperature and humidity to a certain extent. Therefore, one type of material for the acoustic isolator 3 is rubber, to reduce interference between ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and improve transducer performance.

[0067] In some implementations, please refer to Figures 2 to 4The first transducer 1 is a hollow cylinder, and its width in the radial direction is positively correlated with the wavelength of the sound wave applied to the target medium. Generally, the longer the wavelength of the applied sound wave, the larger its width in the radial direction. The width W of the first transducer 1 in the radial direction is (0.5-1.5)*λ, where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave applied to the target medium. The radial direction is perpendicular to the centerline of the first transducer 1. Based on experience, the width of the first transducer 1 in the radial direction is 0.5 to 1.5 times the wavelength to achieve better obstacle detection. For example, λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air. The first transducer 1 is used in air with a sound frequency of 40kHz. The wavelength of the sound wave in air is 8.5mm. Therefore, the width of the first transducer 1 can be 4.25mm to 12.75mm. Typically, the width of the first transducer 1 is a smaller value, W = (0.5-0.6)*λ, where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave that the first transducer 1 is used for in the set medium, so as to leave space for the second transducer 2, which is set in the hollow cylindrical part in the middle, and at the same time, the overall size of the transducer can be reduced.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first transducer 1 is a hollow cylinder, and the outer diameter of the first transducer 1 is positively correlated with its designed minimum detection distance and the acoustic wavelength of the target medium to be applied, thereby determining the outer diameter of the first transducer 1.

[0069] More specifically, the outer diameter of the first transducer component 1 satisfies:

[0070] D 2 =N*4λ (2)

[0071] Where D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component 1;

[0072] N is the minimum designed detection distance;

[0073] λ is the acoustic wavelength of the target medium used in the first transducer 1.

[0074] The first transducer 1 includes a piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the outer diameter design of the first transducer 1 is the design requirement of the outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. Since the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring layer needs to be chosen to ensure its operation in the far-field region, operating in the near-field region would lead to poor ranging accuracy, a larger blind zone, and poor anti-interference capability. Therefore, N is the minimum far-field distance for the design minimum detection distance. For example, for a reversing radar used in air, its detection range is typically 0.3m to 5m, so N is set to 0.3m. For example, if the target medium used by the first transducer 1 is air, and the air wavelength is 8.5mm at a sound frequency of 40kHz, D can be calculated as the maximum outer diameter of the first transducer 1, which is 101mm. Therefore, an outer ring diameter of less than 101mm ensures a detection range of 0.3m, in other words, ensuring that the first transducer 1 operates in the far-field region. For example, D = 27mm, which meets the above conditions.

[0075] Similarly, the second transducer 2 is cylindrical and is used in water. The minimum detection distance is calculated to be 0.3m, and its diameter is less than 60mm.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second transducer 2 is cylindrical, and its diameter is negatively correlated with the radial width of the first transducer and the wavelength of the sound wave in air, and positively correlated with the outer diameter of the first transducer, thereby determining the design of the radius of the second transducer. The second transducer 2 is cylindrical, and its diameter is:

[0077] d=D-2W-λ / 2 (3);

[0078] Where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in the air;

[0079] D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component 1;

[0080] W is the width of the first transducer component 1 in the radial direction.

[0081] Wherein, the width W of the first transducer 1 in the radial direction is (0.5-1.5)*λ, and the outer diameter of the first transducer 1 can be obtained according to the aforementioned formula. Therefore, the diameter of the second transducer 2 can be obtained by formula (2), and this diameter is the piezoelectric ceramic layer of the component. For example, the values ​​are: first transducer 1D = 27mm, width W of the first transducer 1 in the radial direction is 4.5mm, and diameter d of the second transducer 2 is 13mm, which meets the requirement that its diameter is less than 60mm when the minimum detection distance is 0.3m.

[0082] In some implementations, please refer to Figures 2 to 4Both the first transducer 1 and the second transducer 1 are provided with a piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the piezoelectric ceramic layer is provided with a matching layer to improve the transmission and reception efficiency of ultrasonic waves. It can be understood that the matching layer is a component for achieving efficient acoustic energy transmission. Its function is to reduce the acoustic wave reflection between the piezoelectric material and the load medium (such as human tissue or water) through a gradual change in acoustic impedance, thereby improving detection sensitivity and bandwidth.

[0083] The matching layer can be one or more layers, and its acoustic impedance gradually decreases along a first direction, which extends from the end of the matching layer near the piezoelectric ceramic layer to the end away from the piezoelectric ceramic layer, thereby improving the transmission and reception efficiency of ultrasonic waves. The matching layer can be set to one or more layers as needed. For example, the first transducer 1 has a first piezoelectric ceramic layer 11 and a first matching layer 12. The first matching layer 12 is mounted on the surface of the first piezoelectric ceramic layer 11 that generates sound waves. Figure 4 In the middle, it is located above the first piezoelectric ceramic layer 11. When the matching layer is a single layer, it is used in the first transducer 1 for detecting air obstacles. Typically, the acoustic impedance of air is 410 Rayl, and the acoustic impedance of the first matching layer 12 can be (0.5~5)*10. 6 Rayl, for example, is made of epoxy resin to improve sound energy transmission efficiency. When the matching layer is multi-layered, the multi-layered matching layer constructs a "step" or "ramp" of acoustic impedance, allowing sound wave energy to flow more smoothly and gradually from the high-impedance piezoelectric ceramic layer to the low-impedance load medium (such as water), thereby achieving efficient transmission and reception over a wider frequency range (bandwidth). For example, the second transducer 2 is used with water as the load medium. The second transducer 2 has a second piezoelectric ceramic layer 21 and a second matching layer 22. The second matching layer 22 is multi-layered and installed on the sound-wave-generating surface of the second piezoelectric ceramic layer 21. Figure 4 It is located above the second piezoelectric ceramic layer 21. The number of layers and the material of the matching layer between the first transducer 1 and the second transducer 2 are selected according to the design requirements, and can be set to one or more layers.

[0084] In some implementations, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The multi-layered matching layer comprises a first acoustic impedance layer 221, a second acoustic impedance layer 222, and a third acoustic impedance layer 223, which are sequentially overlapped along a first direction to form a composite matching layer used for the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves; the acoustic impedance Z1 of the first acoustic impedance layer 221 is designed to be (25~35)*10 6 Rayl; The acoustic impedance Z2 of the second acoustic impedance layer 222 is designed to be (5~20)*10 6 Rayl; The acoustic impedance Z3 of the third acoustic impedance layer 223 is designed to be (1~3)*10. 6Rayl employs a three-layer matching system, where the acoustic impedance of each layer gradually decreases. This multi-layered matching system exhibits excellent flexibility and acoustic performance, effectively matching the acoustic impedance of the water medium to enhance the efficient transmission and reception of sound waves, thereby improving the transducer's ultrasonic wave transmission and reception efficiency in water. For example, in the second transducer assembly 2, a three-layered second matching layer 22 is included. The first acoustic impedance layer 221 of the second matching layer 22 is a barium titanate ceramic layer with an acoustic impedance Z1 of approximately 30*10⁻⁶. 6 Rayl, the second acoustic impedance layer 222 is a layer of rubber and rubber composite material, and its acoustic impedance Z2 is approximately 5*10. 6 Rayl, the third acoustic impedance layer 223 is a polyurethane layer, and its acoustic impedance Z3 is approximately 1.8*10. 6 Rayl.

[0085] In some implementations, please refer to Figures 3 to 4 A backing layer is provided at the end of the piezoelectric ceramic layer away from the matching layer. The backing layer is made of tungsten powder or rubber particles to absorb the acoustic wave energy generated on the back of the piezoelectric ceramic layer, reduce reflection and ringing effects, and thus reduce the impact of these energies on the transducer performance.

[0086] In some embodiments, the acoustic wave design frequency of the first transducer 1 is 20kHz-70kHz, and the acoustic wave design frequency of the second transducer 2 is 200kHz-800kHz. It can be understood that the acoustic wave design frequency of the first transducer 1 is 20kHz-70kHz, exemplarily designed to be 40kHz, and its applicable working medium is air; the acoustic wave design frequency of the second transducer 2 is 200kHz-800kHz, exemplarily designed to be 500kHz, and its applicable working medium is water. Thus, an outer ring is suitable for air, and an inner ring is suitable for water transducers, thereby realizing a transducer suitable for both water and air applications.

[0087] In some embodiments, the acoustic wave design frequency of the first transducer 1 is 200kHz-800kHz, and the acoustic wave design frequency of the second transducer 2 is 20kHz-70kHz. It can be understood that the acoustic wave design frequency of the first transducer 1 is 200kHz-800kHz, exemplarily designed to be 500kHz, and its applicable working medium is water; the acoustic wave design frequency of the second transducer 2 is 20kHz-70kHz, exemplarily designed to be 40kHz, and its applicable working medium is air. Thus, a transducer is constructed with an outer ring suitable for water and an inner ring suitable for air.

[0088] The first transducer 1 and the second transducer 2 are installed inside the housing 5 to protect them. The housing 5 is cylindrical and made of plastic.

[0089] Furthermore, the first transducer 1 is used in air at a frequency of 40kHz. The piezoelectric ceramic layer operates in the fundamental frequency resonance mode along its thickness, where the transduction efficiency is highest. According to wave theory, the relationship between the resonance frequency f and the material's sound velocity v and thickness d is d = v / (2*f), where v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. The longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic layer is typically 5000–6000 m / s. Taking v = 5500 m / s as an example, the theoretical thickness is 68.75 mm. In actual transducer design, a matching layer and a backing layer need to be introduced to change the vibration mode through structural optimization. The transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic layer plus a matching layer and a backing layer. The former is responsible for optimizing energy output, while the latter suppresses interference signals, jointly ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging clarity of the transducer. The effective vibration thickness of piezoelectric ceramics decreases due to load matching, and in practical applications, higher-order resonance modes (such as the 3rd and 5th harmonics) are often used, causing the thickness to be reduced proportionally. The thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic layer is 5-8 mm; for example, its thickness is 6 mm. The second transducer 2 is used in water, with a diameter of 13 mm and a frequency of 500 kHz. After similar calculations, the thickness of its second piezoelectric ceramic layer 21 is 5.5 mm. Considering that a thinner layer would be easily damaged by water pressure, the thickness of the transducer in water is designed to be 8 mm. Since the first transducer 1 is thinner than the second transducer 2, the acoustic isolator 3 is set as an L-shaped transducer structure, so that the acoustic isolator 3 fills the space between the first transducer 1 and the second transducer 2, and also covers the bottom (backing layer) of the first transducer 1.

[0090] In the above embodiments, the first transducer 1 and the second transducer 2 are designed with two different working media. The first transducer 1 is suitable for air, and the second transducer 2 is suitable for water. Alternatively, the first transducer 1 can be designed to be suitable for water, and the second transducer 2 can be designed to be suitable for air, with a similar design approach.

[0091] According to the second aspect of this application, please refer to Figure 5 An ultrasonic detector is provided, including the transducer described above. The ultrasonic detector has all the technical features of the transducer described above, and therefore also has all the technical effects of the transducer described above, so as to realize an integrated ultrasonic detector for both water and water use.

[0092] In some embodiments, a drive circuit 4 is included, and both the first transducer component 1 and the second transducer component 2 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 4. It can be understood that the first transducer component 1 and the second transducer component 2 share a single drive circuit 4. Compared to existing ultrasonic detectors that cannot be simultaneously applied to both underwater and air media and require the installation of two independent detection systems, this reduces the number and complexity of ultrasonic detector hardware, enabling miniaturization, improving integration, and facilitating installation and use. The drive circuit 4 has functions such as driving the transducer to emit ultrasonic waves and amplifying, filtering, and processing the weak echo electrical signals received by the transducer. An output tube 6 is located below the drive circuit 4.

[0093] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the aforementioned ultrasonic detector. This vehicle possesses all the technical features of the aforementioned ultrasonic detector and therefore also possesses all the technical effects of the aforementioned ultrasonic detector. Vehicles using this ultrasonic detector can perform efficient detection in water and air, while also reducing the number of parts.

[0094] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0095] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0096] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0097] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A transducer, characterized by include: The first transducer component (1) is in the shape of a hollow column; as well as The second transducer component (2) is columnar; The second transducer (2) is at least partially installed within the hollow cylindrical space of the first transducer (1).

2. The transducer of claim 1, wherein, An acoustic isolation gap is provided between the first transducer component (1) and the second transducer component (2).

3. The transducer of claim 2, wherein, The width of the acoustic isolation gap is greater than λ / 4, where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air.

4. The transducer of claim 2, wherein, The acoustic isolation gap is provided with an acoustic isolation component (3).

5. The transducer of claim 4, wherein, The acoustic isolator (3) is made of rubber.

6. The transducer of claim 1, wherein, The first transducer component (1) is a hollow cylinder, and its width in the radial direction is positively correlated with the wavelength of the acoustic wave applied to the set medium.

7. The transducer of claim 6, wherein, The first transducer component (1) is a hollow cylinder, and its width in the radial direction is: W=(0.5-1.5)*λ (1) λ is the acoustic wavelength of the first transducer component (1) applied to the set medium.

8. The transducer of claim 7, wherein, The W = (0.5-0.6)*λ, where λ is the acoustic wavelength of the first transducer (1) applied to the set medium.

9. The transducer of claim 7, wherein, λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in air.

10. The transducer of claim 1, wherein, The first transducer component (1) is a hollow cylinder, and the outer diameter of the first transducer component (1) is positively correlated with its designed minimum detection distance and the acoustic wavelength of the target medium to which it is applied.

11. The transducer of claim 10, wherein, The outer diameter of the first transducer component (1) satisfies: D 2 = N * 4λ (2) Where D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component; N is the minimum designed detection distance; λ is the acoustic wavelength of the target medium used in the first transducer component.

12. The transducer of claim 1, wherein, The second transducer component (2) is cylindrical, and its diameter is negatively correlated with the width of the first transducer component in the radial direction and the wavelength of the sound wave in the air, while its diameter is positively correlated with the outer diameter of the first transducer component.

13. The transducer according to claim 12, characterized in that, The diameter d of the second transducer (2) is d = D - 2W - λ / 2 (3) Where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in the air; D is the outer diameter of the first transducer component; W is the width of the first transducer component in the radial direction.

14. The transducer of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, Both the first transducer (1) and the second transducer are provided with a piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the piezoelectric ceramic layer is provided with a matching layer.

15. The transducer of claim 14, wherein, The matching layer is one or more layers, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer gradually decreases along a first direction, which is from one end of the matching layer near the piezoelectric ceramic layer to the end away from the piezoelectric ceramic layer.

16. The transducer of claim 14, wherein, The piezoelectric ceramic layer has a backing layer at the end away from the matching layer.

17. The transducer of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The acoustic design frequency of the first transducer (1) is 20kHz-70kHz, and the acoustic design frequency of the second transducer (2) is 200kHz-800kHz.

18. The transducer of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The acoustic design frequency of the first transducer (1) is 200kHz-800kHz, and the acoustic design frequency of the second transducer (2) is 20kHz-70kHz.

19. The transducer of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The first transducer assembly (1) and the second transducer assembly (2) are installed inside the housing (5).

20. An ultrasonic probe, characterized by Includes the transducer according to any one of claims 1-19.

21. The ultrasonic probe of claim 20, wherein, It includes a drive circuit (4), and the first transducer component (1) and the second transducer component (2) are both electrically connected to the drive circuit (4).

22. A vehicle, characterized in that, An ultrasonic probe comprising any one of claims 20-21.

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