Affixed assembly type main-passive combined tunnel heat preservation system in cold region

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of main-passive combination's cold region tunnel heat preservation systems of wall-mounted assembly, to solve single passive heat preservation measure cannot completely avoid cold region tunnel freeze injury, and existing heat preservation system installation is difficult, joint is difficult to seal, structure cost is high, and hot air current is poor, energy consumption is high and not environmental protection problem. System includes: the air heat collection room set outside tunnel portal, the heat preservation layer structure (including the heat insulation layer and heating layer that are mutually superimposed, heating layer inside is equipped with flow guide pipe) that extends from tunnel portal to middle and is attached to the surface of tunnel secondary lining, air supply unit that can switch conveying high-temperature air and tunnel inner air, temperature sensing assembly of multi-region temperature measurement, feedback regulating device of control air supply unit. The utility model is through main-passive combination heat preservation, air heat collection room utilizes solar energy and feedback regulation intelligent temperature control, efficiently relieves freeze injury, and installation maintenance is convenient, cost is controllable, green energy saving, adapt to cold region tunnel demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cold-resistant tunnel insulation technology, specifically to a wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined cold-resistant tunnel insulation system. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels in cold regions are frequently subjected to sub-zero temperatures, leading to frequent frost damage that poses a serious threat to tunnel structural stability and public transportation safety. To mitigate and eliminate this problem, the most common industrial approach is to lay insulation layers. These insulation layers themselves do not generate heat; instead, they maintain the temperature of the surrounding rock by slowing down heat dissipation and reducing the impact of sub-zero airflow within the tunnel—a passive insulation measure. However, in practical engineering applications, while insulation layers can alleviate frost damage to some extent, their limited insulation performance cannot completely prevent it. Therefore, some researchers have improved the insulation layer structure to enhance its insulation performance. For example, patent specification ZL201810096940.3 discloses a cold-region tunnel insulation system and its installation method. While this insulation system has a positive effect on mitigating frost damage, it may still have the following problems: 1. The arched insulation device in this system consists of several arch top segments, arch waist segments, arch foot segments, and arch bottom segments in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, to cover a large area in the longitudinal direction, many segments need to be spliced ​​together, resulting in numerous connecting parts, leading to installation difficulties, difficulty in sealing joints, and high structural costs. 2. This insulation system achieves its insulation effect by continuously introducing hot (cold) air. However, according to its structural diagram, when hot air is introduced into its duct, the airflow direction is longitudinal and cannot effectively flow along the tunnel circumferentially. Therefore, the arched insulation device of this system cannot effectively utilize the hot airflow to achieve a good insulation effect. 3. This insulation system requires a large amount of electrical energy to heat the air during operation, and the destination of the heated air is not specified, nor is the heated high-temperature air reused. Therefore, it consumes a large amount of energy, increases operation and maintenance costs, and fails to reflect the concept of green environmental protection.

[0003] In conclusion, single passive insulation measures are insufficient to cope with the complex and ever-changing meteorological environment of tunnels in cold regions. Effective prevention and control of tunnel frost damage urgently requires a combination of active and passive insulation measures to enhance flexibility and applicability. In addition, while achieving sufficient insulation performance, improving the ease of installation and maintenance, cost controllability, and green energy efficiency of insulation structures is also of great practical significance. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels, in order to solve the problems that single passive thermal insulation measures cannot completely prevent frost damage in cold-region tunnels, as well as the problems of existing thermal insulation systems, such as difficult installation, difficulty in sealing joints, high structural costs, poor utilization of heat flow, high energy consumption and environmental unfriendliness caused by too many connecting parts. The system aims to enhance the flexibility and applicability of thermal insulation, while improving the convenience of installation and maintenance, reliable sealing, controllable costs and green energy saving.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives of this utility model, the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0006] This utility model discloses a wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels. The system includes: an air heat collection chamber, located outside the tunnel entrance, configured to heat the air inside by absorbing solar radiation to form high-temperature air for tunnel insulation; an insulation layer structure, attached to the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel and extending from the tunnel entrance to the middle of the tunnel; the insulation layer structure includes an overlapping insulation layer and a heating layer, with a guide pipe inside the heating layer; a blower unit, configured to be operated to switch between the high-temperature air from the air heat collection chamber and the air inside the tunnel and deliver it to the guide pipe of the insulation layer structure; a temperature sensing component, including multiple temperature sensors, respectively located inside the air heat collection chamber, inside the tunnel, and inside the insulation layer structure, configured to collect real-time temperature data of each location; and a feedback adjustment device, signal-connected to the temperature sensors and the blower unit, configured to control the operation of the blower unit based on the temperature data from the temperature sensors.

[0007] Specifically, the insulation layer and heating layer are stacked radially along the tunnel. The insulation layer structure is a multi-layered structure with no fewer than two layers, consisting of alternating layers of insulation and heating (from the perspective of people inside the tunnel, the side closer to people is the inner side, and the side farther away from people is the outer side): when two layers are stacked radially, the inner layer is the insulation layer and the outer layer is the heating layer; when three layers are stacked radially, the order from the inside to the outside is insulation layer-heating layer-insulation layer. The insulation layer uses low thermal conductivity insulation material to form a passive thermal insulation barrier; the heating layer's guide pipes can transport high-temperature air to actively heat the air cavity within the heating layer and the tunnel lining structure. Through this combined active and passive insulation mode, the performance limitations of single passive insulation are overcome, significantly improving the insulation effect and effectively alleviating or even eliminating the problem of frost damage in tunnels in cold regions.

[0008] Temperature sensors are installed in the air collector chamber, tunnel, and insulation layer structure to collect temperature data in real time. The feedback regulation device collects and analyzes this real-time temperature data and sends start / stop and air supply mode (normal temperature / heating) commands to the blower. It dynamically adjusts the insulation strategy based on different ambient temperature conditions to avoid energy waste and ensure that the insulation system is always in a state of high efficiency.

[0009] This invention utilizes solar energy to convert it into heat preservation energy through an air-collecting chamber, eliminating reliance on traditional energy sources and aligning with green and environmentally friendly principles. The insulation layer structure achieves active-passive synergy through passive insulation of the insulation layer and active heating of the heating layer, overcoming the limitations of single passive insulation and effectively mitigating frost damage. Temperature sensing components and feedback adjustment devices work together to achieve intelligent dynamic temperature regulation, avoiding energy waste. The insulation layer is installed against the wall without occupying internal tunnel space and covers high-risk frost damage areas from the tunnel entrance to the middle, demonstrating strong adaptability and specificity.

[0010] Furthermore, the air supply unit includes: a first air supply fan, which is located outside the tunnel entrance and configured to be connected to the guide pipe in an open-closed manner, for supplying high-temperature air generated in the air heat collection chamber into the insulation layer; and a second air supply fan, which is located inside the tunnel and configured to be connected to the guide pipe in an open-closed manner, for supplying air from inside the tunnel into the insulation layer; both the first and second air supply fans are respectively connected to the feedback regulation device.

[0011] In this invention, the first blower is dedicated to delivering solar-heated air, adapting to scenarios with ample solar radiation and maximizing the use of green energy; the second blower is dedicated to delivering air inside the tunnel, adapting to scenarios without solar radiation and recycling waste heat; both are connected to a feedback regulation device, which can precisely start and stop based on real-time temperature to avoid ineffective operation; through the complementarity of the two blowers, continuous heat preservation is achieved by actively heating during the day and supplementing heat at night, preventing heat preservation interruption due to the failure of a single heat source and ensuring stable tunnel temperature.

[0012] Furthermore, a first air check valve is provided between the first blower and the guide pipe and / or between the first blower and the air collector chamber; a second air check valve is provided between the second blower and the guide pipe.

[0013] In this invention, the first air check valve can prevent high-temperature air inside the insulation layer from flowing back into the air heat collection chamber or the outside, and the second air check valve can prevent high-temperature air from flowing back into the tunnel or the blower, effectively avoiding heat loss; at the same time, the check valve can maintain the pressure and temperature stability in the air heat collection chamber and the guide pipe, avoid temperature fluctuations caused by reverse airflow, ensure uniform heating effect, and guarantee heat transfer efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the air collector chamber has a side, a top, and a bottom, wherein the side and top are both made of transparent panels to allow full sunlight to be projected, and the bottom has a radiation absorption layer that can absorb solar radiation to heat the air inside the air collector chamber; the air collector chamber has an air inlet pipe that communicates with the outside, and an air check valve is installed on the air inlet pipe to allow outside air to enter the air collector chamber and prevent the warm air inside the chamber from leaking out.

[0015] In this invention, the transparent panels on the sides and top of the air collector can achieve full sunlight transmission, and the bottom radiation absorption layer can efficiently absorb solar radiation and convert it into heat energy, quickly forming a stable high-temperature heat source and improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization; the air inlet check valve only allows cold air from the outside to be supplied, preventing warm air from leaking out and reducing heat loss; the transparent panels and radiation absorption layer are low-cost and mature materials, requiring no complex equipment, reducing manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty, and facilitating large-scale promotion.

[0016] Furthermore, the temperature sensing component includes: a first temperature sensor, which is installed inside the air collector chamber for collecting real-time temperature data of the air inside the air collector chamber; a second temperature sensor, which is installed inside the tunnel for collecting real-time temperature data of the air inside the tunnel; and a third temperature sensor, which is installed inside the insulation layer structure for collecting real-time temperature data of the insulation layer structure. The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are respectively connected to the feedback adjustment device.

[0017] In this invention, the first, second, and third temperature sensors monitor the temperatures of the air heat collection chamber, the tunnel, and the insulation layer, respectively, achieving temperature acquisition across the entire area without blind spots. Each temperature sensor is connected to a feedback adjustment device, providing comprehensive data support for the start / stop of the blower and the adjustment of the air supply mode, avoiding system misoperation caused by misjudgment of temperature in a single area, and improving the accuracy and reliability of adjustment decisions.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a photovoltaic energy storage device, which is installed outside the tunnel entrance and configured to absorb solar radiation energy through photovoltaic modules and convert and store electrical energy; the photovoltaic energy storage device is electrically connected to the ventilation unit to provide power for the operation of the ventilation unit.

[0019] In this invention, the photovoltaic energy storage device absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy in the space outside the tunnel entrance to power the ventilation unit, reducing dependence on the external power grid. It is especially suitable for tunnels in remote and cold regions, reducing operating electricity costs. Together with the air collector, it forms a dual green energy utilization mode of "solar energy-thermal energy" and "solar energy-electric energy", deepening energy conservation and emission reduction. The energy storage function can provide power during periods without solar radiation, avoiding the shutdown of the ventilation unit and ensuring the continuous operation of the insulation system.

[0020] Furthermore, the insulation layer of the insulation layer structure is an insulation material, the heating layer is a sealed structure and includes an air layer that forms an air cavity inside, the guide pipe is laid in the air cavity, the air cavity is filled with static air that can enhance the passive insulation of the insulation layer structure, and the guide pipe is used to transport high temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure.

[0021] In this invention, the insulation layer, with its low thermal conductivity, blocks negative temperature intrusion, while the static air in the heating layer's air cavity forms secondary passive insulation. This dual passive structure significantly reduces the tunnel's heat dissipation rate. The guide pipe is placed inside the air cavity, heating the static air before transferring it to the lining when delivering high-temperature air, thus avoiding local overheating or heat waste and achieving uniform active heating. The sealing design of the heating layer ensures stable passive insulation, and the guide pipe does not damage the overall structure of the insulation layer, achieving functional integration, simplifying the structure, and reducing costs.

[0022] Furthermore, the insulation layer structure consists of an opening unit, at least one extension unit, and a tail unit, and the opening unit and the extension unit, adjacent extension units, and the extension unit and the tail unit are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide pipe plug-in structure.

[0023] In this invention, the longitudinal length of the insulation layer can be flexibly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of extension units to adapt to the anti-freezing requirements of tunnels in different cold regions and improve the versatility of the system. Each unit is connected by a flow guide pipe, and the factory prefabrication ensures dimensional accuracy. On-site assembly can be completed quickly without complicated construction. Damaged units can be replaced individually later, reducing the difficulty of installation and maintenance. The plug-in structure is tightly connected, reducing air leakage from gaps, ensuring efficient delivery of high-temperature air, and improving the overall stability of the insulation layer.

[0024] Furthermore, the diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe and a right diversion pipe extending longitudinally along the tunnel, and a circumferential diversion pipe located inside the tunnel entrance unit and connecting the left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe. The left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe inside the tail unit are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet and a right airflow outlet. An automatic switch is provided at the left airflow outlet, and the automatic switch is connected to the feedback adjustment device.

[0025] In this invention, the circumferential guide pipe of the tunnel entrance unit is connected to the left and right longitudinal guide pipes, allowing high-temperature air to flow circumferentially along the tunnel, solving the problem of uneven heat preservation caused by traditional longitudinal airflow and ensuring uniform heating of parts such as the arch, arch waist, and arch foot; the automatic switch of the airflow outlet on the left side of the tail unit is linked with the feedback adjustment device, which can switch the outlet state according to the working conditions (such as sunny daytime / cloudy nighttime) to realize the conversion between "heating and heat storage" and "circulation and energy saving" modes; the left and right guide pipes and the circumferential guide pipe form a complete airflow path, improving the system's operational flexibility and adapting to different environmental conditions.

[0026] Furthermore, the portal unit, extension unit, and tail unit are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the tunnel in the cold region, and then directly bonded and assembled with the secondary lining surface of the tunnel on site.

[0027] In this invention, the opening, extension, and tail units are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual contour of the tunnel, which ensures complete fit with the secondary lining surface of the tunnel, avoids insulation failure caused by gaps, and improves insulation effect and structural stability. The factory-controlled environment ensures the material and dimensional accuracy of the units, and avoids the impact of cold weather on on-site construction. On-site wall assembly does not require drilling and anchoring in the lining, and does not damage the original structure of the tunnel. It is suitable for both new tunnels and insulation renovation of existing tunnels, and has wide adaptability.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0029] This invention uses an air heat collection chamber outside the tunnel entrance to absorb solar radiation and heat the air to form a high-temperature heat source. It is paired with a blower unit that can switch between supplying this heat source and air inside the tunnel. This not only makes full use of green energy and avoids the problems of existing systems that rely on a lot of electricity for heating, which are energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly, but also allows for flexible switching of air sources to achieve air circulation inside the tunnel, reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0030] The insulation layer structure is attached to the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel. It is composed of an insulation layer and a heating layer with an internal guide pipe. On the one hand, the low thermal conductivity of the insulation layer and the heating layer work together to build an active-passive insulation mode, which makes up for the shortcomings of single passive insulation in dealing with complex weather in cold regions. It effectively slows down the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock and blocks the negative temperature airflow in the tunnel. On the other hand, the guide pipe can efficiently transport high temperature air, solve the problem that the hot airflow in the existing system only flows in the longitudinal direction and the insulation effect is not good. It actively heats the air and the tunnel lining structure, and greatly reduces the probability of frost damage.

[0031] In addition, the temperature sensing components and feedback adjustment devices in the air collector chamber, tunnel and insulation layer can collect temperature in real time and accurately control the air supply unit, improving the adaptability to cold environment and the accuracy of insulation. Moreover, the insulation layer is set against the wall, eliminating the need for a large number of splicing pipes, avoiding the shortcomings of existing systems such as many connecting parts, difficult installation, poor sealing and high cost, and taking into account both installation convenience and cost controllability.

[0032] The following describes in detail the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels, with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and the reference numerals. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels according to this utility model.

[0034] Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel entrance unit structure of the wall-mounted prefabricated active-passive combined cold region tunnel insulation system of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the extended unit structure of the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined cold-region tunnel insulation system of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tail unit structure of the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined cold-region tunnel insulation system of this utility model.

[0038] Figure Labels

[0039] 1. Air collector chamber; 2. Insulation layer; 3. Heating layer; 4. Air cavity; 5. Left guide pipe; 6. Right guide pipe; 7. Circumferential guide pipe; 8. First temperature sensor; 9. Feedback adjustment device; 10. Opening unit; 11. Extension unit; 12. Tail unit; 13. Guide insertion pipe; 14. Guide receiving pipe; 15. Left air outlet; 16. Right air outlet; 17. Automatic switch; 18. First blower; 19. Second blower; 20. First air check valve; 21. Second air check valve; 22. Transparent panel; 23. Radiation absorbing material; 24. Air check valve; 25. Photovoltaic energy storage device; 26. Tunnel; 27. Second temperature sensor; 28. Third temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0041] like Figures 1-2As shown, this utility model discloses a wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels. The system includes: an air collector chamber 1, located outside the tunnel entrance 26, configured to heat the indoor air by absorbing solar radiation to form high-temperature air for tunnel 26 insulation; an insulation layer structure, which is attached to the secondary lining surface of tunnel 26 and extends from the tunnel entrance to the middle of tunnel 26; the insulation layer structure includes an insulation layer 2 and a heating layer 3 stacked on top of each other, with a guide pipe inside the heating layer 3; a blower unit, configured to be operated to switch and deliver the high-temperature air from the air collector chamber 1 and the air inside tunnel 26 to the guide pipe of the insulation layer structure; a temperature sensing component, including multiple temperature sensors, respectively arranged inside the air collector chamber 1, inside tunnel 26, and inside the insulation layer structure, configured to collect real-time temperature data of each area; and a feedback adjustment device 9, which is signal-connected to the temperature sensors and the blower unit, and is configured to control the operation of the blower unit based on the temperature data from the temperature sensors.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the insulation layer 2 and the heating layer 3 are stacked radially along the tunnel 26. The insulation layer structure is a multi-layer structure with no less than two layers, consisting of alternating layers of insulation layer 2 and heating layer 3 (from the perspective of people inside the tunnel 26, the side closer to the people is the inner side, and the side farther away from the people is the outer side): when two layers are stacked radially, the inner layer is the insulation layer 2 and the outer layer is the heating layer 3; when three layers are stacked radially, the order from the inside to the outside is insulation layer 2-heating layer 3-insulation layer 2. Among them, the insulation layer 2 uses a low thermal conductivity insulation material to form a passive heat insulation barrier; the guide pipe of the heating layer 3 can transport high-temperature air to actively heat the air cavity 4 inside the heating layer 3 and the lining structure of the tunnel 26. Through the combination of active and passive insulation mode, the performance limitations of single passive insulation are overcome, the insulation effect is greatly improved, and the freezing damage problem of the tunnel 26 in cold regions can be effectively alleviated or even eliminated.

[0043] In this invention, solar energy is converted into heat preservation energy through the air collector chamber 1, eliminating the need to rely on traditional energy sources and conforming to the concept of green environmental protection. The insulation layer structure achieves active-passive synergy by using the insulation layer 2 for passive insulation and the heating layer 3 for active heating, breaking through the limitations of single passive insulation and effectively alleviating frost damage. The temperature sensing component and the feedback adjustment device 9 work together to achieve intelligent dynamic temperature regulation, avoiding energy waste. The insulation layer is set against the wall without occupying the internal space of the tunnel 26, and covers the high-incidence area of ​​frost damage from the entrance to the middle of the tunnel 26, making it highly adaptable and targeted.

[0044] like Figures 1-2As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the air supply unit includes: a first air supply fan 18, which is located outside the tunnel 26 entrance and configured to be in a closable connection with the guide pipe, for supplying high-temperature air generated in the air heat collection chamber 1 into the insulation layer; and a second air supply fan 19, which is located inside the tunnel 26 and configured to be in a closable connection with the guide pipe, for supplying air inside the tunnel 26 into the insulation layer; both the first air supply fan 18 and the second air supply fan 19 are respectively signal-connected to the feedback adjustment device 9.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first air supply fan 18, located outside tunnel 26, focuses on supplying solar-heated air from air collector 1, suitable for scenarios with sufficient solar radiation, such as sunny days in winter; the second air supply fan 19, located inside tunnel 26, focuses on supplying air from inside tunnel 26, suitable for scenarios without solar radiation, such as cloudy days in winter and sunny nights. Both the first air supply fan 18 and the second air supply fan 19 have two modes: normal temperature air supply and heated air supply, which can be flexibly switched according to the temperature inside tunnel 26. Their functions are clearly defined and they can switch flexibly, covering all low-temperature operating conditions of tunnel 26 in cold regions.

[0046] Both blowers, namely the first blower 18 and the second blower 19, are connected to the feedback control device 9 and can be precisely started and stopped based on real-time data collected by the temperature sensor. For example, when the temperature inside the air collector chamber 1 collected by the first sensor 8 reaches the standard, the first blower 18 located outside the tunnel 26 is started; when the temperature inside the insulation layer structure collected by the third sensor 28 is close to 0°C, the second blower 19 located inside the tunnel 26 is started; if the temperature inside the insulation layer structure collected by the third sensor 28 is stable and greater than 0°C, neither the first blower 18 nor the second blower 19 will operate. This avoids ineffective operation, further reduces energy consumption, and improves the economic efficiency of system operation.

[0047] Through the complementary operation of the first blower 18 and the second blower 19, the system can achieve a continuous heat preservation mode of "actively heating and storing heat using solar energy during the day and replenishing heat with circulating air in the tunnel 26 at night". This avoids heat preservation interruption caused by the failure of a single blower or a single heat source, ensures the stability of the tunnel 26 structure temperature, and effectively prevents sudden freezing damage.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a first air check valve 20 is provided between the first blower 18 and the guide pipe and / or between the first blower 18 and the air collector chamber 1; a second air check valve 21 is provided between the second blower 19 and the guide pipe.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first air check valve 20 can prevent the high-temperature air in the insulation layer structure from flowing back into the air collector chamber 1 or the outside, ensuring that the high-temperature air heated by the air collector chamber 1 can enter the guide pipe in a directional manner, avoiding the loss of heat energy converted by solar energy; the second air check valve 21 can prevent the high-temperature air in the guide pipe from flowing back into the tunnel 26 or the second blower 19, ensuring the unidirectional and efficient delivery of the active heating airflow and improving the heat utilization efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, the one-way conduction characteristics of the first air check valve 20, the second air check valve 21, and the air check valve 24 on the air inlet pipe of the air collector chamber 1 can maintain a stable pressure environment in the air collector chamber 1 and the guide pipe, avoid a sudden drop in temperature in the air collector chamber 1 or temperature fluctuation in the guide pipe due to reverse airflow, ensure uniform and stable heating effect in the insulation layer structure, and further ensure that the temperature of the tunnel 26 structure is within a safe range.

[0051] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the air collector chamber 1 has a side, a top, and a bottom, wherein the side and top are both provided with transparent plates 22 to allow full sunlight to be projected, and the bottom has a radiation-absorbing material 23 capable of absorbing solar radiation to heat the air inside the air collector chamber 1; the air collector chamber 1 has an air inlet pipe communicating with the outside, and an air check valve 24 is provided on the air inlet pipe to allow outside air to enter the air collector chamber 1 and prevent the indoor warm air from leaking out.

[0052] In this embodiment, the air collector chamber 1 is a sealed space, and the transparent plates 22 on its sides and top can achieve full transmission of sunlight, ensuring that solar radiation energy enters the air collector chamber 1 to the maximum extent. The radiation absorption layer at the bottom is made of radiation absorption material 23, which can efficiently absorb solar radiation and convert it into heat energy, quickly heating the air in the air collector chamber 1. It can form a stable high-temperature air heat source in a short time, improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, and provide a guarantee for the delivery of high-temperature air to the guide pipe of the insulation layer structure.

[0053] The air check valve 24 on the air inlet pipe of the air collector chamber 1 only allows cold air from the outside to enter the air collector chamber 1, while strictly preventing the warm air that has been heated in the air collector chamber 1 from leaking out. This can effectively reduce the loss of heat energy in the air collector chamber 1, maintain the high temperature environment of the air collector chamber 1, and ensure that the air supplied to the insulation layer structure always has a sufficient temperature to meet the active heating requirements of the tunnel 26 lining structure and insulation layer structure.

[0054] Both the transparent plate 22 and the radiation absorbing material 23 are mature and low-cost materials, eliminating the need for complex heating equipment in the air collector chamber 1. This reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the air collector chamber 1, making it suitable for large-scale application in cold region tunnels 26.

[0055] like Figure 1As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensing component includes: a first temperature sensor 8, which is disposed inside the air collector chamber 1, for collecting real-time temperature data of the air inside the air collector chamber 1; a second temperature sensor 27, which is disposed inside the tunnel 26, for collecting real-time temperature data of the air inside the tunnel 26; and a third temperature sensor 28, which is disposed inside the insulation layer structure, for collecting real-time temperature data of the insulation layer structure; the first temperature sensor 8, the second temperature sensor 27, and the third temperature sensor 28 are respectively connected to the feedback adjustment device 9.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first temperature sensor 8 collects the air temperature inside the air collector chamber 1, providing a basis for determining the start and stop of the first blower 18. For example, if the temperature inside the air collector chamber 1 meets the standard, the first blower 18 will be turned on. The second temperature sensor 27 collects the air temperature inside the tunnel 26, providing a basis for determining the air supply mode of the second blower 19. For example, if the air temperature inside the tunnel 26 is high, the second blower 19 will use a normal temperature air supply mode; if the air temperature inside the tunnel 26 is low, the second blower 19 will use a heated air supply mode. The third temperature sensor 28 collects the internal temperature of the insulation layer structure, providing data support for the feedback adjustment device 9 to adjust the insulation strategy (such as whether to switch the blower or whether to turn on the heater), thereby achieving blind-spot-free temperature monitoring of the air collector chamber 1, the tunnel 26, and the insulation layer structure.

[0057] Based on comprehensive temperature data collected by the first temperature sensor 8, the second temperature sensor 27, and the third temperature sensor 28, the feedback adjustment device 9 can avoid system misoperation caused by misjudgment of temperature in a single area (such as relying solely on the temperature inside the tunnel 26 and ignoring the potential freezing damage caused by the internal temperature of the insulation layer structure), ensuring that every control command matches the actual insulation requirements of the tunnel 26, and improving the accuracy and reliability of system adjustment.

[0058] In this invention, the feedback adjustment device 9 is a controller, which can be a central processing unit. It can be implemented using existing technology. This application does not involve any improvements to the program or algorithm. The improvement is only in the connection relationship between the hardware devices.

[0059] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a photovoltaic energy storage device 25 is also included, which is located outside the tunnel 26 entrance and configured to absorb solar radiation energy through photovoltaic modules and convert and store electrical energy; the photovoltaic energy storage device 25 is electrically connected to the ventilation unit to provide power for the operation of the ventilation unit.

[0060] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic energy storage device 25 is set in an open area outside the tunnel 26 entrance. It absorbs solar radiation energy through photovoltaic modules, converts it into electrical energy, and stores it to power the ventilation unit. This reduces the ventilation unit's dependence on external power grid and lowers the electricity cost of the tunnel 26 insulation system during operation. It is especially suitable for scenarios where energy is inconvenient to obtain, such as tunnels in remote cold regions.

[0061] The photovoltaic energy storage device 25 works in conjunction with the air collector chamber 1 to form a dual green energy utilization mode of "solar energy-thermal energy" and "solar energy-electric energy", which further reduces the system's consumption of traditional energy, conforms to the energy conservation and emission reduction and "dual carbon" concept, and reduces the environmental impact of the insulation system.

[0062] The energy storage function of the photovoltaic energy storage device 25 can provide power to the ventilation unit at night or on cloudy days when there is no solar radiation or when photovoltaic power generation is interrupted, so as to avoid the ventilation unit from stopping due to power failure, ensure that the insulation system can still operate stably during periods without solar energy input, and ensure the continuity of insulation of tunnel 26.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the insulation layer 2 of the insulation layer structure is an insulation material, the heating layer 3 is a sealed structure and includes an air layer that forms an air cavity 4 inside, the guide pipe is arranged in the air cavity 4, the air cavity 4 is filled with static air that can enhance the passive heat insulation of the insulation layer structure, and the guide pipe is used to transport high temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity 4 and the tunnel 26 lining structure.

[0064] In this embodiment, the insulation layer 2 of the insulation layer structure blocks the invasion of negative temperature airflow outside the tunnel 26 due to its low thermal conductivity. The static air in the air cavity 4 of the heating layer 3 forms a secondary passive heat insulation barrier. This dual passive heat insulation structure can significantly reduce the heat dissipation rate of the tunnel 26 structure and surrounding rock, and reduce the impact of negative temperature on the tunnel 26. The guide pipe is arranged in the air cavity 4. When high temperature air is transported, it will first heat the static air in the air cavity 4, and then transfer the heat to the tunnel 26 lining structure through the air cavity 4. This avoids local overheating or heat waste caused by direct contact between high temperature air and the lining, and achieves uniform active heating of the tunnel 26 lining. The heating layer 3 adopts a sealed design to prevent static air leakage in the air cavity 4, ensuring stable passive heat insulation effect. At the same time, the arrangement of the guide pipe does not damage the overall structure of the insulation layer, realizing the integration of passive heat insulation and active heating functions, simplifying the structural complexity of the insulation layer and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0065] like Figures 3-5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the insulation layer structure consists of an opening unit 10, at least one extension unit 11 and a tail unit 12, and the opening unit 10 and the extension unit 11, adjacent extension units 11, and the extension unit 11 and the tail unit 12 are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide pipe plug-in structure.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, both the rear end of the opening unit 10 and the rear end of the extension unit 11 are provided with a flow guide pipe 14, and both the front end of the extension unit 11 and the front end of the tail unit 12 are provided with a flow guide insertion pipe 13. The inner diameter of the flow guide pipe 14 is adapted to the outer diameter of the flow guide insertion pipe 13. By inserting the flow guide insertion pipe 13 into the flow guide pipe 14, the opening unit 10 and the extension unit 11, the adjacent extension unit 11, and the extension unit 11 and the tail unit 12 are sequentially assembled and connected.

[0067] In this embodiment, the longitudinal length of the insulation layer structure can be flexibly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of extension units 11 to adapt to the anti-freezing requirements of different cold-region tunnels 26, greatly improving the system's versatility. The connection between the tunnel entrance unit 10 and the extension unit 11, between adjacent extension units 11, and between the extension unit 11 and the tail unit 12 is achieved through a guide pipe plug-in structure containing a guide pipe insertion pipe 13 and a guide pipe receiving pipe 14. All three types of units are prefabricated in the factory to ensure dimensional accuracy, allowing for rapid assembly on-site without complex construction. If a unit is damaged later, it can be disassembled and replaced individually, significantly reducing the difficulty of installation and maintenance. At the same time, the tight connection of the guide pipe plug-in structure can reduce the leakage of high-temperature air from the connection gaps in the guide pipe, ensuring efficient delivery of high-temperature air and improving the overall stability of the insulation layer structure.

[0068] Furthermore, this modular assembly design eliminates the complex design of existing improved insulation systems (such as the cold-region tunnel insulation system disclosed in patent specification ZL201810096940.3), which requires the circumferential disassembly of multiple types of segments, including arch crown segments, arch waist segments, arch foot segments, and arch bottom segments, and the splicing of numerous segments when covering a large longitudinal area. This utility model completes assembly using only three types of modular units and the flow guide insertion pipe 13 and flow guide receiving pipe 14, significantly reducing the number of connecting parts. This avoids the installation difficulties and poor sealing at connections caused by the complexity of components in existing systems, while also reducing structural manufacturing costs. At the same time, combined with the high precision advantages of factory prefabrication, it further improves on-site assembly efficiency. During maintenance, there is no need to disassemble multiple sets of segments; only a single damaged module needs to be replaced, completely solving the shortcomings of existing improved insulation systems in terms of practicality and economy.

[0069] like Figures 3-5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe 5 and a right diversion pipe 6 extending longitudinally along the tunnel 26, and a circumferential diversion pipe 7 located inside the entrance unit 10 and connecting the left diversion pipe 5 and the right diversion pipe 6. The left diversion pipe 5 and the right diversion pipe 6 inside the tail unit 12 are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet 15 and a right airflow outlet 16. An automatic switch 17 is provided at the left airflow outlet 15, and the automatic switch 17 is signal connected to the feedback adjustment device 9.

[0070] In this embodiment, the circumferential guide pipe 7 of the tunnel entrance unit 10 connects the left guide pipe 5 and the right guide pipe 6, allowing high-temperature air to flow circumferentially along the tunnel 26. This solves the problem of uneven heat preservation caused by traditional longitudinal airflow, ensuring that the tunnel 26 arch, arch waist, arch foot, and other parts are heated evenly. The automatic switch 17 at the left airflow outlet 15 of the tail unit 12 is linked with the feedback adjustment device 9, which can switch the opening or closing state of the left airflow outlet 15 according to the working conditions (such as sunny daytime / cloudy nighttime), realizing the conversion between "heating and heat storage" and "circulation and energy saving" modes. The left guide pipe 5, the right guide pipe 6, and the circumferential guide pipe 7 form a complete airflow path, improving the system's operational flexibility and adapting to the heat preservation needs of the cold region tunnel 26 under different environmental conditions.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the left-side guide pipe 5 and the right-side guide pipe 6 are respectively constructed as wave-shaped sections with crests and troughs, where the crests are located at the top of the arch and the troughs are located at the root of the arch. This design significantly increases the contact area between the guide pipes and the static air in the air cavity 4 of the heating layer 3. When the high-temperature air flows in the wave-shaped guide pipes, it can fully exchange heat with the static air in the air cavity 4, allowing the static air to absorb additional heat while maintaining its passive insulation function. Furthermore, the wave-shaped path, with crests covering the top of the arch and troughs covering the root of the arch, achieves circumferential coverage, distributing heat more evenly to all areas of the tunnel 26 lining. This design effectively solves the problems in traditional insulation systems where hot airflow only flows longitudinally, cannot effectively flow circumferentially along the tunnel 26, and has poor utilization of hot airflow.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the opening unit 10, the extension unit 11 and the tail unit 12 are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the cold region tunnel 26, and are directly fitted and assembled on site with the secondary lining surface of the tunnel 26.

[0073] In this embodiment, the portal unit 10, extension unit 11, and tail unit 12 are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual contour of the tunnel 26, which ensures complete fit with the secondary lining surface of the tunnel 26, avoiding insulation failure caused by gaps in the fit, and effectively improving the insulation effect and the overall stability of the insulation layer structure. The production of the portal unit 10, extension unit 11, and tail unit 12 in the factory under controlled environment can ensure the consistency of materials and dimensional accuracy of each unit, avoid the impact of low temperatures and strong winds in cold regions on on-site construction, and reduce the risk of construction quality problems. During on-site assembly, the portal unit 10, extension unit 11, and tail unit 12 are directly installed against the wall of the secondary lining surface of the tunnel 26 without drilling or anchoring in the lining of the tunnel 26, and will not damage the original structural integrity of the tunnel 26. It is suitable for insulation construction of newly built tunnels 26 as well as insulation renovation projects of existing tunnels 26, and has a wide range of applicable scenarios.

[0074] In this embodiment, during a sunny winter day, sunlight passes through the transparent plate 22 and shines on the radiation-absorbing material 23 at the bottom of the air collector chamber 1. The radiation-absorbing material 23 fully absorbs solar radiation energy and heats the air inside the air collector chamber 1. The feedback adjustment device 9 collects and analyzes the real-time temperature data from the first temperature sensor 8 located inside the air collector chamber 1. When the air temperature reaches the expected value, the feedback adjustment device 9 sends an activation command to the first blower 18 located outside the tunnel 26. At this time, the second blower 19 located inside the tunnel 26 is in the off state, and the automatic switch 17 adjusts the left airflow outlet 15 inside the tunnel 26 to the open state. Subsequently, the high-temperature air heated by the air collector chamber 1 is sent to the insulation layer structure and flows in the left guide pipe 5 and the right guide pipe 6. During this process, the air in the air cavity 4 and the tunnel 26 continuously absorb heat, thereby increasing the temperature. Finally, the high-temperature air is discharged from the left airflow outlet 15 and the right airflow outlet 16 into the air environment inside the tunnel 26, thereby actively regulating the air temperature inside the tunnel. During this stage of use, the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation structure provided by this utility model makes full use of solar radiation energy, a green energy source, to actively heat the lining structure of Tunnel 26 and the air inside the tunnel, so that it can store heat during the day to cope with the low temperature environment at night.

[0075] In this embodiment, when the operating environment is a cloudy winter day or a clear night, the tunnel lining structure and the air inside the tunnel have stored heat during clear winter days. Furthermore, the combination of the insulation layer 2 and the air cavity 4 provides good passive insulation. Therefore, when the temperature monitored by the third temperature sensor 28 located in the insulation layer structure is stable and greater than 0°C, neither the first blower 18 nor the second blower 19 will be turned on. The feedback adjustment device 9 continuously collects and analyzes the real-time temperature data from the third temperature sensor 28 located in the insulation layer structure. When the temperature drops significantly and approaches 0°C, the feedback adjustment device 9 sends an activation command to the second blower 19 located inside the tunnel 26, while the first blower 18 located outside the tunnel 26 remains off. The automatic switch 17 adjusts the left-side airflow outlet 15 inside the tunnel 26 to a closed state. The feedback adjustment device 9 determines the air supply mode of the second blower 19 located in tunnel 26 based on the real-time temperature data from the second temperature sensor 27 located in tunnel 26. If the temperature inside tunnel 26 is high, a normal temperature air supply mode is used; if the temperature inside tunnel 26 is low, a heated air supply mode is used, thereby providing heat supply to the tunnel lining structure and the air in the air cavity 4. The high-temperature air flows successively through the left guide pipe 5, the circumferential guide pipe 7, and the right guide pipe 6, and is finally discharged into the air environment inside tunnel 26 through the right air outlet 16. It is then reused by the second blower 19 located in tunnel 26 to form a warm air internal circulation, thereby achieving efficient heat preservation of tunnel 26.

[0076] Based on the above, this utility model achieves efficient, energy-saving, and green active and passive insulation of tunnel 26 under different low-temperature conditions.

[0077] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a method for installing a wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels, including the following steps:

[0078] S1. Investigate the meteorological elements of the local area where the 26th cold-region tunnel is located, and determine the length of the anti-freezing design and the type of insulation material in the insulation layer structure;

[0079] S2. Based on the above-mentioned anti-freezing design length and the actual dimensions of the 26th section of the cold region tunnel, determine the geometric parameters of the insulation layer structure.

[0080] S3. Based on the above geometric parameters, the opening unit 10, extension unit 11 and tail unit 12 are prefabricated and then assembled on site.

[0081] S4. Connect the flow-receiving pipe 14 of the opening unit 10 to the flow-receiving insertion pipe 13 of the extension unit 11, connect several extension units 11 one after the other in sequence, and connect the flow-receiving pipe 14 of the extension unit 11 to the flow-receiving insertion pipe 13 of the tail unit 12 to form a complete insulation layer structure.

[0082] S5. An air heat collection chamber 1 is built in an open area outside the entrance of tunnel 26 and a radiation absorbing material 23 is laid on it. A photovoltaic energy storage device 25 is also installed.

[0083] S6. Sequentially connect the air collector chamber 1 to the insulation layer structure, set up the blower, and lay out the temperature sensors to complete the assembly of the prefabricated insulation structure.

[0084] In this embodiment, the opening unit 10, extension unit 11, and tail unit 12 are prefabricated in the factory according to the geometric parameters of the insulation layer structure. During the prefabrication process, the thickness consistency of the heating layer 3 and insulation layer 2 of the opening unit 10, each extension unit 11, and the tail unit 12 is strictly controlled to ensure that the thickness of the heating layer 3 and the insulation layer 2 of the corresponding number of layers are exactly the same when each unit leaves the factory. In this way, when each unit is assembled by inserting the flow guide pipe 13 into the flow guide pipe 14, the heating layer 3 of the opening unit 10, extension unit 11, and tail unit 12 can be precisely aligned in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 26, and the insulation layer 2 can also achieve precise longitudinal correspondence, forming a seamless connection without misalignment. In actual operation, high-temperature resistant sealant or sealing gaskets can be used for further sealing treatment at the joint of each unit as needed, so that the entire insulation layer structure forms a continuous and smooth integral structure in the radial direction of the tunnel 26, avoiding local heat loss due to unit misalignment or poor sealing, and further ensuring the insulation performance.

[0085] In summary, the wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined cold-region tunnel insulation system and its installation method can fully utilize green energy and convert it into the heat energy required for tunnel insulation. It has the advantages of convenient installation, wide applicability, and good insulation effect.

[0086] Compared with previous technologies, this utility model has the following technical effects:

[0087] (1) The thermal insulation layer structure of this utility model is set on the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel. In order to meet the cold protection needs of tunnels in different cold regions, the cold protection length can be flexibly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of extension units. It is not limited by the size of the tunnel and has a wide range of applications. In addition, the structure is assembled by factory prefabrication and on-site assembly, which is simple to install and easy to operate and maintain in the later stage.

[0088] (2) Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a dual insulation mode that combines active and passive insulation. On the one hand, the insulation layer of the insulation layer structure is an insulation material, and there is static air with poor thermal conductivity in the air cavity of the heating layer. The combination of the two can achieve a good passive insulation effect. On the other hand, the heating layer of the insulation layer structure also has a guide pipe, and a high-temperature air heat source flows in the guide pipe, which can actively heat the air in the air cavity and the tunnel structure. Under the dual insulation mode that combines active and passive insulation, the problem of freezing damage in cold tunnels can be effectively prevented.

[0089] (3) When this utility model is used on a sunny day in winter, the solar radiation intensity is high during the day. The radiation absorption material in the air heat collection chamber can effectively utilize solar radiation energy, a green energy source, and convert it into heat energy to heat the indoor air. The heated air flows through the air supply fan located outside the tunnel and flows in the guide pipe of the insulation layer structure. The air in the air cavity and the tunnel structure are heated by thermal convection. The high-temperature air is finally discharged to the middle of the tunnel through the guide pipe to regulate the temperature inside the tunnel. Through this process, the tunnel structure and the air inside the tunnel store heat during the day to cope with the low temperature environment at night. In addition, the photovoltaic energy storage system can also use solar radiation energy to realize the conversion and storage of electrical energy as a power reserve for the operation of the air supply fan.

[0090] (4) When this utility model is used on cloudy days or sunny nights in winter, according to the real-time temperature data collected by the feedback adjustment device, the blower located in the tunnel prioritizes the use of the relatively high temperature air in the middle of the tunnel and sends it to the guide pipe in the insulation layer structure to achieve active insulation of the tunnel structure. After the high temperature air flows in the guide pipe, it is eventually returned to the middle of the tunnel, thereby realizing the recycling of heated air. The whole process fully embodies the concept of green, low carbon, energy saving and emission reduction.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A wall-mounted, prefabricated, active-passive combined thermal insulation system for cold-region tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes: An air heat collection chamber is located outside the tunnel entrance and is configured to heat the indoor air by absorbing solar radiation to form high-temperature air for tunnel insulation. The insulation layer structure is attached to the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel and extends from the tunnel entrance in cold regions to the middle of the tunnel; the insulation layer structure includes an insulation layer and a heating layer that are stacked on top of each other, and the heating layer has a flow guide pipe inside; The air supply unit is configured to be operable to switch between delivering high-temperature air from the air collector chamber and air from the tunnel to the guide pipe of the insulation layer structure. The temperature sensing component includes multiple temperature sensors, which are respectively deployed inside the air heat collection chamber, inside the tunnel, and inside the insulation layer structure, and are configured to collect real-time temperature data of each deployment area. The feedback control device is connected to the temperature sensor and the blower unit respectively, and is configured to control the blower unit to work based on the temperature data from the temperature sensor.

2. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply unit includes: The first air supply fan is located outside the tunnel entrance and is configured to be connected to the guide pipe in an openable and closed manner. It is used to supply high-temperature air generated in the air heat collection chamber into the insulation layer. The second air supply fan is located inside the tunnel and is configured to be connected to the flow guide pipe in an openable and closed manner, and is used to supply air inside the tunnel into the insulation layer. Both the first and second blowers are connected to the feedback control device via signals.

3. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first air check valve is provided between the first blower and the guide pipe and / or between the first blower and the air collector chamber; A second air check valve is installed between the second blower and the guide pipe.

4. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air collector chamber has a side, a top, and a bottom, wherein the side and top are both made of transparent panels to allow full sunlight to be projected, and the bottom has a radiation-absorbing layer that can absorb solar radiation to heat the air inside the air collector chamber. The air collector chamber has an air inlet pipe that connects to the outside. An air check valve is installed on the air inlet pipe to allow outside air to enter the air collector chamber and prevent indoor warm air from leaking out.

5. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature sensing component includes: The first temperature sensor is installed inside the air collector chamber and is used to collect real-time temperature data of the air inside the air collector chamber. The second temperature sensor is installed inside the tunnel to collect real-time temperature data of the air inside the tunnel. The third temperature sensor is installed inside the insulation layer structure to collect real-time temperature data inside the insulation layer structure. The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are respectively connected to the feedback regulation device.

6. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a photovoltaic energy storage device, which is installed outside the tunnel entrance and configured to absorb solar radiation energy through photovoltaic modules and convert and store electrical energy; the photovoltaic energy storage device is electrically connected to the ventilation unit to provide power for the operation of the ventilation unit.

7. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer of the insulation layer structure is an insulation material, the heating layer is a sealed structure and includes an air layer that forms an air cavity inside, the guide pipe is arranged in the air cavity, the air cavity is filled with static air that can enhance the passive heat insulation of the insulation layer structure, and the guide pipe is used to transport high temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure.

8. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The insulation layer structure consists of an opening unit, at least one extension unit, and a tail unit. The opening unit and the extension unit, adjacent extension units, and the extension unit and the tail unit are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide pipe plug-in structure.

9. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe and a right diversion pipe extending longitudinally along the tunnel, and a circumferential diversion pipe located inside the tunnel entrance unit and connecting the left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe. The left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe inside the tail unit are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet and a right airflow outlet. An automatic switch is provided at the left airflow outlet, and the automatic switch is connected to the feedback adjustment device.

10. The cold-region tunnel insulation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The portal unit, extension unit, and tail unit are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the tunnel in the cold region, and are directly attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel on site.

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