Evaporator structure and refrigerator

Abstract

This utility model discloses an evaporator structure and a refrigeration unit, including a shell; end caps are fixed to both ends of the shell, and each end cap has a liquid cavity inside, with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet on each end cap; multiple heat exchange tubes are distributed inside the shell, with both ends of the heat exchange tubes inserted into the liquid cavities on the two end caps; liquid inlets and liquid outlets are respectively provided on the side walls at both ends of the shell. This utility model effectively prevents refrigerant and liquid leakage by using sealing elements at the connections between the end caps and the shell, and between the heat exchange tubes and the end caps, ensuring stable internal pressure of the evaporator and avoiding decreased cooling effect, energy waste, and safety hazards. With the liquid inlet at the bottom and the liquid outlet at the top, the shell is fully filled after liquid enters, increasing the shell filling rate from the traditional 70% to over 98%, eliminating flow dead zones, and improving cooling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an evaporator structure and a refrigeration machine, belonging to the field of refrigeration equipment technology, and is particularly suitable for industrial waste heat refrigeration systems. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional evaporators (such as those in refrigeration systems), the refrigerant inlet / outlet layout is often unreasonable, preventing the liquid from completely filling the shell. This results in insufficient contact area with the heat exchange tubes and low heat exchange efficiency (which is typically inadequate). Furthermore, the liquid flow pattern is often linear, leading to dead zones or localized overheating under high and low load conditions, further limiting heat exchange efficiency and increasing energy consumption. In addition, the heat exchange tubes lack effective support, making them susceptible to deformation due to liquid impact, reducing structural stability. Ordinary copper tubes are prone to scaling and aging in corrosive media, resulting in significant reduction in cooling capacity. Therefore, this paper proposes an evaporator structure and a refrigeration unit. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an evaporator structure and a refrigeration unit that significantly improves heat exchange efficiency under high and low loads and reduces system energy consumption by optimizing flow channel design, strengthening heat exchange tube support, and upgrading materials. It is particularly suitable for upgrading and retrofitting waste heat refrigeration systems.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides an evaporator structure, comprising: case; Two end caps are fixed to both ends of the housing. Each end cap has a liquid cavity inside and a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet on it. Multiple heat exchange tubes made of 304 stainless steel are distributed inside the shell, and the two ends of the multiple heat exchange tubes are respectively inserted into the liquid chambers on the two end caps. The shell has an inlet and an outlet on its two end sidewalls, respectively.

[0005] Preferably, the interior of the housing is provided with a plurality of support discs for supporting the heat exchange tubes, and the sidewalls of the support discs are provided with a plurality of through holes evenly distributed.

[0006] Preferably, multiple through holes are circumferentially distributed on the support plate.

[0007] Preferably, the sidewall of the through hole is inclined relative to the axial direction of the housing.

[0008] Preferably, the sidewalls of the through holes of two adjacent support discs are inclined in opposite directions.

[0009] Preferably, a sealing element is provided at the connection between the end cap and the shell, and at the connection between the heat exchange tube and the end cap.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid cavity connected to the refrigerant inlet is provided with a filter screen for filtering the refrigerant.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid inlet is located at the bottom of the housing, and the liquid outlet is located at the top of the housing.

[0012] Preferably, the refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, liquid inlet, and liquid outlet are all provided with connecting flanges at their ends.

[0013] Preferably, a refrigeration machine includes the evaporator structure described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies: 1. This utility model effectively prevents refrigerant and liquid leakage by installing sealing elements at the connections between the end cap and the shell, and between the heat exchange tube and the end cap, ensuring stable internal pressure of the evaporator and avoiding decreased cooling effect, energy waste, and safety hazards. With the liquid inlet at the bottom and the liquid outlet at the top, the shell is fully filled after liquid enters, increasing the shell filling rate from the traditional 70% to over 98%, eliminating flow dead zones, and improving cooling efficiency. Connecting flanges are provided at the refrigerant inlet, outlet, and liquid inlet and outlet ends for easy installation and connection. During operation, the refrigerant enters the heat exchange tube after being filtered by a filter screen. The liquid enters from the bottom inlet and exchanges heat with the refrigerant. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant exits from the outlet, and the liquid, after cooling, exits from the top outlet, completing the refrigeration cycle. This structure ensures stable operation of the evaporator, improves cooling effect, reduces energy consumption, and has high practicality and economy.

[0015] 2. This utility model incorporates multiple support discs within the casing, which support the heat exchange tubes and ensure their stability. The through-holes on the sidewalls of the support discs are circumferentially distributed and inclined relative to the axial direction of the casing, with adjacent support discs having opposite inclination directions. This design guides the liquid to form a spiral flow within the casing, ensuring sufficient contact between the liquid and the heat exchange tubes, increasing the heat exchange time and area, and improving refrigeration efficiency. The lower liquid inlet ensures the casing is filled with liquid, while the upper liquid outlet promotes natural circulation. Combined with the spiral flow induced by the inclined through-holes of the support discs, the liquid contacts the heat exchange tubes more fully, further enhancing heat exchange efficiency. The alternating inclined through-holes drive the liquid to form a spiral turbulent flow, maintaining a high flow rate to prevent scaling under low loads and enhancing turbulence under high loads, increasing heat exchange efficiency by 25%-30% and reducing overall energy consumption by 18%-22%. The 304 stainless steel tubes and spiral flow channel design maximize the contact area between the waste heat medium and the refrigerant, achieving a heat transfer coefficient 1.5 times that of traditional systems, thus improving evaporator performance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is an overall sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded cross-sectional view of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the support plate and through hole of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the shell, end cap and heat exchange tube of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange tube and the support plate of this utility model.

[0017] In the picture: 1. Shell; 2. End cap; 201. Liquid chamber; 202. Refrigerant inlet; 203. Refrigerant outlet; 3. Heat exchange tubes; 4. Liquid inlet; 5. Liquid outlet; 6. Filter screen; 7. Support plate, 701, through hole; 8. Sealing components. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention is illustrated below with specific embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figures 1-6 As shown, in this embodiment, an evaporator structure is provided, including a housing 1; end caps 2 are fixed to both ends of the housing 1, and each end cap 2 has a liquid cavity 201 inside, and a refrigerant inlet 202 and a refrigerant outlet 203 are respectively provided on the two end caps 2. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the refrigerant inlet 202 and refrigerant outlet 203 are respectively connected to the liquid cavity 201 on the same end cap 2; multiple heat exchange tubes 3 are distributed inside the shell 1. The heat exchange tubes 3 are made of 304 stainless steel. The 304 stainless steel is resistant to scaling and corrosion. The two ends of the multiple heat exchange tubes 3 are respectively inserted into the liquid cavities 201 on the two end caps 2. The heat exchange tubes 3 are the key components for heat exchange between the refrigerant and the liquid inside the shell 1. The refrigerant flows in the heat exchange tubes 3 and transfers heat to the liquid inside the shell 1 through the tube wall to achieve the cooling effect; liquid inlet 4 and liquid outlet 5 are respectively provided on the side walls at both ends of the shell 1.

[0020] Sealing elements 8 are provided at the connection between end cap 2 and shell 1, and at the connection between heat exchange tube 3 and end cap 2. Sealing elements 8 can strictly prevent refrigerant and liquid leakage, ensure stable internal pressure of evaporator, and avoid problems such as reduced cooling effect, energy waste and potential safety hazards caused by leakage.

[0021] A filter screen 6 for filtering the refrigerant is provided in the liquid chamber 201 connected to the refrigerant inlet 202.

[0022] The liquid inlet 4 is located below the housing 1, and the liquid outlet 5 is located above the housing 1. When liquid is introduced into the housing 1 through the liquid inlet 4, the liquid will fill the housing 1 and then be discharged from the liquid outlet 5, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency.

[0023] The refrigerant inlet 202, refrigerant outlet 203, liquid inlet 4 and liquid outlet 5 are all equipped with connecting flanges.

[0024] Work process: Refrigerant enters the liquid chamber 201 on the connected end cap 2 through the refrigerant inlet 202. After impurities are filtered out by the filter screen 6 in the liquid chamber 201, it enters multiple heat exchange tubes 3 distributed within the shell 1. Simultaneously, the liquid requiring cooling is introduced into the shell 1 through the liquid inlet 4 located at the bottom of the shell 1. Since the liquid inlet 4 is at the bottom and the liquid outlet 5 is at the top, the liquid gradually fills the shell 1 after entering. Inside the shell 1, the liquid and the refrigerant in the heat exchange tubes 3 exchange heat through the tube walls. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the liquid, lowering its temperature. After heat exchange, the refrigerant flows out from the other end of the heat exchange tube 3, enters the liquid chamber 201 on another end cap 2, and then exits from the refrigerant outlet 203. The cooled liquid exits from the liquid outlet 5 located at the top of the shell 1, completing one refrigeration cycle.

[0025] During this process, the seals 8 at the connection between the end cap 2 and the shell 1 and at the connection between the heat exchange tube 3 and the end cap 2 ensure that the refrigerant and liquid will not leak, thus ensuring the normal operation of the evaporator. The liquid fills the shell through the lower inlet 4 and is naturally discharged through the upper outlet 5, increasing the shell filling rate from the traditional 70% to 98%+ and eliminating flow dead zones.

[0026] Example 2 like Figures 2-6 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the interior of the shell 1 is provided with multiple support disks 7 for supporting the heat exchange tubes 3. Multiple through holes 701 are evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the support disks 7. The multiple through holes 701 are circumferentially distributed on the support disks 7. The sidewalls of the through holes 701 are inclined relative to the axial direction of the shell 1. The inclination directions of the sidewalls of the through holes 701 of two adjacent support disks 7 are opposite.

[0027] Work process: Multiple support plates 7 inside the shell 1 support the heat exchange tubes 3, ensuring their stability. Simultaneously, inclined and oppositely oriented through-holes 701 on the sidewalls of the support plates 7 guide the liquid to form a spiral flow within the shell 1, ensuring full contact between the liquid and the heat exchange tubes 3. This increases the heat exchange time and area, further improving cooling efficiency. The lower liquid inlet 4 ensures the shell 1 is completely filled with liquid, while the upper liquid outlet 5 promotes natural circulation. Combined with the spiral flow induced by the inclined through-holes of the support plates 7, the liquid contacts the heat exchange tubes 3 more fully, enhancing heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] The alternating tilted through-holes 701 of the support plate 7 drive the liquid to form a spiral turbulent flow. Under low load, it maintains a high flow rate to prevent scaling, and under high load, it enhances the disturbance, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency by 25%~30% and reducing the overall energy consumption by 18%~22%.

[0029] The 304 stainless steel tube and spiral flow channel design maximize the contact area between the waste heat medium and the refrigerant, resulting in a heat transfer coefficient 1.5 times that of traditional systems.

[0030] Example 3 This application also provides a refrigeration machine including the evaporator structure of any of the above embodiments.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Any modifications or partial substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An evaporator structure, characterized in that, include: Shell (1); Two end caps (2) are fixed at both ends of the housing (1). The interior of each end cap (2) is provided with a liquid cavity (201). The two end caps (2) are provided with a refrigerant inlet (202) and a refrigerant outlet (203) respectively. Multiple heat exchange tubes (3) made of 304 stainless steel are distributed inside the shell (1), and the two ends of the multiple heat exchange tubes (3) are respectively inserted into the liquid chambers (201) on the two end caps (2); The shell (1) is provided with an inlet (4) and an outlet (5) on its two end side walls respectively. The shell (1) is provided with a plurality of support disks (7) for supporting heat exchange tubes (3), and a plurality of through holes (701) are evenly provided on the side wall of the support disks (7). Multiple through holes (701) are circumferentially distributed on the support plate (7); The sidewall of the through hole (701) is inclined relative to the axial direction of the housing (1); The sidewalls of the through holes (701) of two adjacent support plates (7) are inclined in opposite directions; The connection between the end cap (2) and the shell (1) and the connection between the heat exchange tube (3) and the end cap (2) are provided with sealing elements (8); The inlet (4) is located below the housing (1), and the outlet (5) is located above the housing (1).

2. The evaporator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid chamber (201) connected to the refrigerant inlet (202) is equipped with a filter screen (6) for filtering the refrigerant.

3. The evaporator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ends of the refrigerant inlet (202), refrigerant outlet (203), liquid inlet (4) and liquid outlet (5) are all provided with connecting flanges.

4. A refrigeration machine, characterized in that, Includes the evaporator structure as described in any one of claims 1-3.

Images