Energy-saving device for non-symmetrical slotting blasting of layered rock mass tunnel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of energy-saving devices for layer rock mass tunnel asymmetric cut-and-cloth blasting, belong to the technical field of tunnel blasting, including charging unit, charging unit includes charging mechanism, guide mechanism, buffer mechanism and fixed mechanism;The charging mechanism includes charging barrel, and energy-gathering groove is opened on the charging barrel;The guide mechanism includes the guide plate connected on the outer lateral wall of charging barrel by angle adjusting device;The buffer mechanism includes the buffer sleeve of being set in the bottom of charging barrel;The fixed mechanism includes the fixed frame of being set in the both ends of charging barrel, and fixed anchor rod is equipped on fixed frame.The utility model is matched by charging barrel, energy-gathering groove and guide plate, can adapt the characteristic of layer rock mass and the requirement of asymmetric cut-and-cloth blasting, effectively improve blasting energy utilization, reduce energy loss, achieve energy-saving purpose, improve blasting effect and construction safety simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel blasting, and in particular to an energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Layered rock masses exhibit significant anisotropy in their mechanical properties due to the presence of distinct bedding and joint structures. Traditional symmetrical cut-and-blast blasting often results in poor cut-and-blast effect and uneven rock fragmentation. Asymmetric cut-and-blast blasting, through targeted design of cut hole layout, charge quantity, and detonation sequence, can effectively adapt to the characteristics of layered rock masses, improve tunnel excavation efficiency and stability, and is one of the core technologies for tunnel construction under layered geological conditions.

[0003] Layered rock masses are characterized by well-developed joints and uneven rock strata. Current technology often uses traditional columnar explosive charges, which release explosive energy radially and uniformly (diffusion angle approximately 180°). However, in layered rock masses, there is insufficient energy perpendicular to the bedding planes, while there is excess energy parallel to the bedding planes. This phenomenon leads to low energy utilization and waste of explosive energy.

[0004] Based on the above problems, a blasting device that can improve energy utilization and achieve energy saving is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels, in order to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides an energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels, comprising a charging unit, which includes a charging mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a buffering mechanism, and a fixing mechanism; the charging mechanism includes a charging cylinder with a focusing groove on its side wall; the guiding mechanism includes a guide plate connected to the outer side wall of the charging cylinder via an angle adjustment device; the buffering mechanism includes a buffer sleeve fitted onto the bottom of the charging cylinder; and the fixing mechanism includes fixing frames at both ends of the charging cylinder, with fixing anchors mounted on the fixing frames.

[0007] Preferably, the charge cartridge is provided with a detonation port, and the charge cartridge is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, both of which are provided with sealing caps.

[0008] Preferably, the angle adjustment component includes a fixing block fixed to the outer wall of the charge cartridge, the fixing block having an arc-shaped groove, and a slider adapted to the arc-shaped groove on the guide plate, the slider being fixed in the arc-shaped groove by fastening bolts; in this structural configuration, by adjusting the position of the slider in the arc-shaped groove, the angle between the guide plate and the axis of the charge cartridge is changed, the angle range being 30° to 60°, to adapt to the bedding direction of layered rock masses and the requirements of asymmetric slotting blasting, so that the blasting energy can be more concentrated on the target rock mass, improving energy utilization.

[0009] Preferably, the buffer sleeve is an elastic rubber buffer sleeve with good elasticity and cushioning performance. The inner wall of the buffer sleeve is provided with multiple protrusions, and the outer wall of the cartridge is provided with grooves that match the protrusions. The cooperation between the protrusions and the grooves can prevent the buffer sleeve from sliding on the cartridge and ensure the stability of the cushioning effect.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing frame and the charging cylinder are connected by a telescopic assembly, which includes a sleeve rod and an insert rod. The sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the charging cylinder, one end of the insert rod is inserted into the sleeve rod, and the other end of the insert rod is connected to the fixing frame. The sleeve rod is provided with a locking bolt for fixing the insert rod. In the above structure, by adjusting the length of the insert rod in the sleeve rod, the position of the fixing frame can be changed to adapt to different tunnel cross sections and rock conditions, thereby improving the applicability of the device.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the guide plate is provided with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating to improve the wear resistance of the guide plate and extend its service life.

[0012] Preferably, the fixed anchor rod is threadedly connected to the fixed frame, and the front end of the fixed anchor rod is provided with a tapered drill bit to facilitate the insertion of the fixed anchor rod into the rock mass. The outer end of the fixed anchor rod is provided with an external thread, which can enhance the connection strength between the fixed anchor rod and the rock mass and ensure the stability of the device during the blasting process.

[0013] Preferably, the guide plate is disposed outside the energy-concentrating trough.

[0014] Therefore, the energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels using the above-mentioned structure has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) In this utility model, a focusing groove is set on the charge cartridge as an intentionally reserved "energy outlet" to allow the explosion energy to be released in a concentrated manner along the focusing direction, forming a high-speed jet or stress concentration zone, thus avoiding energy leakage.

[0016] (2) The angle of the guiding mechanism is adjustable, which can adapt to different layered rock masses and asymmetric slotting blasting requirements, making the blasting energy more concentrated, improving the energy utilization rate, and achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0017] (3) The buffer mechanism can absorb the impact force during blasting, reduce vibration and energy loss, and improve construction safety.

[0018] (4) The telescopic design of the fixed mechanism and the setting of the fixed anchor rod enable the device to adapt to different construction conditions and ensure the stability of the device during the blasting process.

[0019] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 1. Drug cartridge; 2. Guide mechanism; 21. Guide plate; 22. Angle adjustment assembly; 221. Fixing block; 222. Arc groove; 223. Sliding block; 3. Buffer sleeve; 4. Fixing mechanism; 41. Fixing frame; 42. Fixing anchor; 43. Telescopic assembly; 431. Sleeve rod; 432. Insert rod. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0026] Example

[0027] like Figures 1-2As shown, this utility model provides an energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels, including a charging unit, which works in conjunction with conventional geological exploration, detonation, drilling, and monitoring units to form a complete blasting operation process. The charging unit includes a charging mechanism, a guiding mechanism 2, a buffer mechanism, and a fixing mechanism 4; the charging mechanism includes a charging cylinder 1, which is made of PVC material. A focusing groove is formed on the side wall of the charging cylinder 1. The specific shape of the focusing groove is not limited. The detonation wave generated by the explosion of the explosive passes through the focusing groove, converting the kinetic and potential energy of the explosive into a high-pressure, high-speed, and high-energy jet.

[0028] Each charge cartridge 1 is equipped with an inlet, an outlet, and an initiation port. The specific locations are designed according to the actual scenario. Both the inlet and outlet are equipped with sealing caps, and O-ring rubber sealing rings are embedded inside the sealing caps.

[0029] The guiding mechanism 2 includes a guide plate 21 connected to the outer wall of the charge cartridge 1 via an angle adjustment device. The surface of the guide plate 21 is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and a hardness of HRC60 or higher. This coating improves the wear resistance of the guide plate 21 and extends its service life. The guide plate 21 is positioned outside the energy-concentrating tank to guide energy.

[0030] The angle adjustment component 22 includes a fixing block 221 welded to the outer wall of the charge cartridge 1. The fixing block 221 has an arc-shaped groove 222. The guide plate 21 has a slider 223 adapted to the arc-shaped groove 222. The arc-shaped groove 222 and the slider 223 of the guide plate 21 form a dovetail sliding fit. The slider 223 is fixed in the arc-shaped groove 222 by fastening bolts. The fastening bolts pass through the waist hole provided on the slider 223 and are tightened with the threaded hole provided on the fixing block 221 to achieve angle locking. In this structure, by adjusting the position of the slider 223 in the arc-shaped groove 222, the angle between the guide plate 21 and the axis of the charge cartridge 1 is changed. The angle range can be adjusted from 30° to 60° to adapt to the bedding direction of layered rock mass and the requirements of asymmetric slotting blasting, so that the blasting energy can be more concentrated on the target rock mass and improve the energy utilization rate.

[0031] The buffer mechanism includes a buffer sleeve 3 fitted onto the bottom of the charge cartridge 1. The buffer sleeve 3 is an elastic rubber buffer sleeve 3. In this embodiment, it is integrally injection molded from nitrile rubber, which has good elasticity and buffering performance. The inner wall of the buffer sleeve 3 is provided with multiple protrusions, and the outer wall of the charge cartridge 1 is provided with grooves that match the protrusions. The protrusions on the inner wall and the grooves on the outer wall of the charge cartridge 1 form a tooth-like snap-fit ​​connection to prevent circumferential sliding and ensure the stability of the buffering effect.

[0032] The fixing mechanism 4 includes fixing frames 41 disposed at both ends of the charging cartridge 1. The fixing frames 41 are connected to the charging cartridge 1 via a telescopic assembly 43. The telescopic assembly 43 includes a sleeve rod 431 and an insert rod 432. The sleeve rod 431 is fixedly connected (can be welded) to the charging cartridge 1. The sleeve rod 431 is provided with locking bolts for fixing the insert rod 432. One end of the insert rod 432 (which is provided with holes for positioning the locking bolts) is inserted into the sleeve rod 431 and locked by the locking bolts. The other end of the insert rod 432 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 41. In the above structure, by adjusting the length of the insert rod 432 within the sleeve rod 431, the position of the fixing frame 41 can be changed to adapt to different tunnel cross-sections and rock conditions, thereby improving the applicability of the device.

[0033] A fixed anchor rod 42 is installed on the fixing frame 41. The fixed anchor rod 42 is made of high-strength alloy steel (such as 40Cr). The fixed anchor rod 42 is threadedly connected to the fixing frame 41. The front end of the fixed anchor rod 42 is provided with a tapered drill bit to facilitate the insertion of the fixed anchor rod 42 into the rock mass. The outer end of the fixed anchor rod 42 is provided with external threads (such as M20×2.5) to enhance the connection strength between the fixed anchor rod 42 and the rock mass and ensure the stability of the device during the blasting process.

[0034] The specific steps for demolishing the above structure are as follows:

[0035] 1) Preliminary rock mass exploration and parameter design:

[0036] Geological exploration unit coordination: By using ground-penetrating radar and sonic testing instruments to scan and analyze the bedding direction, thickness, and hardness differences of layered rock masses, key areas of asymmetric excavation (such as hard rock interlayers and the location of weak bedding planes) are determined.

[0037] Based on the survey results, the cutting method and hole depth were determined; the amount of explosives was calculated, and the angle of the guide plate 21 was determined (forming an angle of 30-45° with the bedding plane to improve the energy transfer efficiency along the bedding plane).

[0038] 2) Drilling and fixing the device:

[0039] Drilling unit coordination: Using a rock drill, main cut holes, auxiliary holes, and empty holes are laid out at the designed cut location. The drilling angle and drilling depth are designed, and the color change of the return powder from the drilling is recorded. The charge amount and the charge type of each cartridge are adjusted in real time, and different types / amounts of columnar explosives are loaded into the charge cartridge 1.

[0040] Drill holes for fixing anchor rods 42 (with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the fixing anchor rods 42) on both sides of the designed hole. Adjust the spacing of the fixing frame 41 using the telescopic component 43 and tighten the bolts to fix it; screw the fixing anchor rods 42 into the fixing frame 41, and use a tapered drill bit to drill into the anchor rod holes. The external thread enhances the anchoring force and ensures that the device is centered and fixed.

[0041] 3) Detonation network connection and detonation:

[0042] Using the detonation unit in conjunction: the detonator is connected to the charge cartridge 1 through the reserved lead hole, and the detonators of each charge cartridge are connected in series / parallel through the detonating tube to form a detonation network. The detonating tube is laid along the surface of the guide plate 21 (the tungsten carbide coating reduces friction damage), the detonation sequence is determined and then the explosive is detonated.

[0043] During this process, the explosive reacts rapidly (on the microsecond scale) inside the charge tube. The detonation wave generated by the explosion passes through the shaped charge slot, converting the kinetic and potential energy of the explosive into a high-pressure, high-speed, high-energy jet, which is then focused onto the rock mass layer by the guidance of the guide plate. The elastic rubber buffer sleeve 3 is fitted into the charge tube 1 through a protrusion-groove structure, and its elastic deformation can absorb part of the blast impact.

[0044] Therefore, this utility model provides an energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels using the above-mentioned structure. Through the combination of the charging cartridge, the energy-concentrating groove, and the guide plate, it can adapt to the characteristics of layered rock masses and the requirements of asymmetric slotting blasting, effectively improving the blasting energy utilization rate, reducing energy loss, achieving the purpose of energy saving, and improving the blasting effect and construction safety.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. An energy-saving device for asymmetric cut-out blasting of layered rock tunnels, comprising a charging unit, characterized in that: The charging unit includes a charging mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a buffering mechanism, and a fixing mechanism; the charging mechanism includes a charging cylinder with a focusing groove on its side wall; the guiding mechanism includes a guide plate connected to the outer side wall of the charging cylinder via an angle adjustment device; the buffering mechanism includes a buffer sleeve fitted onto the bottom of the charging cylinder; and the fixing mechanism includes fixing frames at both ends of the charging cylinder, with fixing anchors on the fixing frames.

2. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive cartridge is equipped with a detonation port.

3. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment device includes a fixing block fixed on the outer wall of the charging cylinder, the fixing block having an arc-shaped groove, and a slider adapted to the arc-shaped groove on the guide plate, the slider being fixed in the arc-shaped groove by fastening bolts.

4. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer sleeve is an elastic rubber buffer sleeve, and the inner wall of the buffer sleeve is provided with multiple protrusions, while the outer wall of the cartridge is provided with grooves that match the protrusions.

5. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed frame and the drug cartridge are connected by a telescopic assembly, which includes a sleeve rod and an insertion rod. The sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the drug cartridge, one end of the insertion rod is inserted into the sleeve rod, and the other end of the insertion rod is connected to the fixed frame. The sleeve rod is provided with a locking bolt for fixing the insertion rod.

6. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the guide plate is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating.

7. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed anchor rod is threadedly connected to the fixed frame, the front end of the fixed anchor rod is provided with a tapered drill bit, and the outer end of the fixed anchor rod is provided with an external thread.

8. The energy-saving device for asymmetric slotting blasting of layered rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate is disposed outside the energy-concentrating tank.

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