A solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar cell and photovoltaic module relates to photovoltaic technical field to reduce even eliminate the height difference between the rest part of interconnect structure at the intersection position of the extension line of non - continuous type current collecting electrode, improve the interconnection contact effect. Solar cell includes cell body, first electrode and second electrode. First electrode sets up on the first surface of cell body, and second electrode sets up on the second surface of cell body. First electrode includes a plurality of first current collecting electrode, a plurality of first confluence structure and a plurality of first connecting part. At least part first current collecting electrode is non - continuous type current collecting electrode, and non - continuous type current collecting electrode is disconnected on the extension line of at least one first confluence structure, and is through the setting at the intersection position with the extension line of at least one first confluence structure. First connecting part is arranged at the disconnected place of non - continuous type current collecting electrode, and non - continuous type current collecting electrode is electrically connected at least through first connecting part at the disconnected place.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. Specifically, when a solar cell is in operation, sunlight shines on it, creating new electron-hole pairs. Under the influence of the built-in electric field of the pn junction, photogenerated holes flow to the p-region, and photogenerated electrons flow to the n-region. These charge carriers are then discharged through electrodes located in the p-region and n-region respectively, thus generating current. In practical applications, the electrodes of a solar cell include current collector electrodes for collecting charge carriers and current busbars electrically connected to the current collector electrodes. Adjacent solar cells are connected in series with the current busbars via interconnection structures to form a cell string.

[0003] However, in existing solar cells, the current collector electrodes are continuously placed at the intersection of the extension lines of the busbar structure with the same polarity. This results in a large height difference between the two at the intersection and the busbar structure at the non-intersection positions. Consequently, the interconnection contact between the busbar structure and the interconnection structure is poor, making interconnection failure more likely and affecting the working performance of the photovoltaic module. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar cell and a photovoltaic module for reducing or even eliminating the height difference between the portion of the discontinuous collector electrode in the first collector electrode on the extension line of at least one first busbar structure and the remaining portion of the first busbar structure, thereby improving the interconnection contact effect between the first busbar structure and the interconnection structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a solar cell, comprising: a cell body, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The cell body includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first electrode is disposed on the first surface of the cell body, and the second electrode is disposed on the second surface of the cell body. The first electrode includes a plurality of first current collector electrodes, a plurality of first busbar structures, and at least one row of first connecting portions. The plurality of first current collector electrodes extend along a first direction and are spaced apart along a second direction. The plurality of first busbar structures extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, each first busbar structure being electrically connected to at least a portion of the first current collector electrodes. Each row of first connecting portions includes a plurality of first connecting portions spaced apart along the second direction. The first direction and the second direction intersect. At least a portion of the first current collector electrodes are discontinuous current collector electrodes, which are interrupted on the extension line of at least one first busbar structure and are continuous at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure. The first connecting portions are disposed at the interruption points of the discontinuous current collector electrodes, and the discontinuous current collector electrodes are electrically connected at least through the first connecting portions at the interruption points.

[0006] When the above technical solution is adopted, at least a portion of the first current collector electrode in the solar cell is a discontinuous current collector electrode. It is understood that, along the first direction, if the distance between the two ends of the discontinuous current collector electrode is the same as the distance between the two ends of the continuous current collector electrode, the discontinuous current collector electrode has a break. Compared with the continuous current collector electrode, the actual effective length of the discontinuous current collector electrode is smaller, which helps to reduce the amount of paste material used in manufacturing the first current collector electrode.

[0007] Furthermore, when printing the first current collector electrode using a patterned stencil as a printing screen via paste printing, the stencil is configured with cutout areas at all positions corresponding to the first current collector electrode, while the stencil has a solid structure in the portions where the first current collector electrode is not located and in the portions where the first current collector electrode is broken. Based on this, when at least some of the first current collector electrodes are discontinuous, the stencil has a solid structure at these breaks, which reduces the length of the cutout areas along the first direction. This helps reduce the stress generated after creating cutout areas in the stencil using laser etching processes, improving the accuracy of the electrode pattern in the stencil, and thus improving the pattern accuracy of the first current collector electrode manufactured based on the stencil. Simultaneously, increasing the area ratio of the solid structure in the stencil also enhances its rigidity and extends its service life. Secondly, compared to screen printing, the manufacturing cost of the first current collector electrode using stencil printing is lower, and the flatness of different areas of the sidewalls and top of the first current collector electrode is better, resulting in a higher yield and improved performance of the solar cell.

[0008] Furthermore, the first connecting part and the first current collector are two different and non-continuous structures. The first connecting part is located at the break point of the discontinuous current collector, and the discontinuous current collector is electrically connected at the break point through the first connecting part. At this time, the first connecting part can collect the charge carriers of the battery body at the break point of the discontinuous current collector in a timely manner, reduce the charge carrier recombination rate, and can transfer the charge carriers collected by the discontinuous current collector to the interconnection structure electrically connected by the first busbar structure, thereby realizing the export of charge carriers. In this scenario, the discontinuous current collector electrode in the first electrode is broken along the extension line of at least one first busbar structure. At the intersection, no current collector electrode is provided, or only a portion of the current collector electrode is provided. In this case, most of the area at the intersection only has a first connecting portion. It is evident that the height of most of the area within the intersection is approximately the same as the height of at least a portion of the first busbar structure electrically connected to the interconnect structure (e.g., solder strip). This reduces or even eliminates the height difference in undulations between different portions of the interconnect structure electrically connected to the first busbar structure along its own extension line (when the first connecting portion and the first busbar structure are manufactured simultaneously, or when the heights of the manufactured first connecting portion and the first busbar structure are the same, the height difference in undulations between different portions of the interconnect structure electrically connected to the first busbar structure along its own extension line can be eliminated), improving the interconnection contact effect between the first busbar structure and the interconnect structure. Simultaneously, at least a portion of the area below the first connecting portion located at the break point is not affected by the first current collector electrode, making the surfaces of different areas on the side facing away from the battery body approximately flush. This facilitates increasing the contact area between the first connecting portion and the interconnect structure, preventing interconnection failures, and improving the performance of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the discontinuous collector electrode is also continuously connected at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure. This avoids numerous disconnections in the discontinuous collector electrode, which would affect the carrier collection effect. In this case, the effective collection length of the discontinuous collector electrode is larger, which is beneficial to improving the carrier collection efficiency and reducing the recombination rate. In addition, the first connecting part and the first collector electrode are two different structures, and there may be alignment problems between them due to manufacturing errors. When the discontinuous collector electrode is also continuously connected at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure, the occurrence of the above-mentioned alignment problems can be reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty can be reduced. It also avoids the problem of carriers not being able to transport or having a long transport distance due to the first connecting part not being electrically connected to the disconnected discontinuous collector electrode, thus improving the carrier collection efficiency.

[0009] As one possible implementation, the ratio of the number of discontinuous current collector electrodes to the total number of first current collector electrodes is greater than or equal to 50%. This configuration results in a larger number of discontinuous current collector electrodes in the first electrode, leading to a greater number of breaks in the first current collector electrodes. This reduces the amount of slurry materials used in manufacturing the first current collector electrodes. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for numerous long hollow areas within the stencil, increasing the rigidity of the stencil and reducing stress in different areas, thus broadening its applicability in precision electrode patterning applications. Furthermore, the number of height differences between the intersections and non-intersections of the interconnect structure's extension lines with the first current collector electrodes is reduced, decreasing or even eliminating the height differences in the different parts of the interconnect structure electrically connected to the first bus structure and the first connection portion along its extension lines, thereby improving the interconnect contact effect between the first bus structure and the interconnect structure.

[0010] As one possible implementation, at least one discontinuous collector electrode includes multiple collector electrode segments, with adjacent collector electrode segments disconnected on the extension lines of the first busbar structure, and adjacent collector electrode segments electrically connected through a first connecting portion. Specifically, at least one collector electrode segment is continuously disposed on the extension lines of 1 to 5 first busbar structures, and the collector electrode segment is electrically connected to the first busbar structure at the continuous position. This configuration reduces the number of collector electrode segments included in the same discontinuous collector electrode and minimizes the number of disconnections, which is beneficial for improving the carrier collection capability of the discontinuous collector electrode and thus improving collection efficiency. Simultaneously, it reduces the risk of the first connecting portion not being electrically connected to the collector electrode segment due to manufacturing errors, ensuring that the carriers collected by each collector electrode segment can be promptly discharged through the nearest first connecting portion.

[0011] As one possible implementation, the number of first bus structures electrically connected to each collector electrode segment in the same discontinuous collector electrode is the same. This arrangement helps to ensure that the lengths of different collector electrode segments in the discontinuous collector electrode are approximately the same, thereby ensuring that the carrier collection capacity of different collector electrode segments is approximately the same, which is beneficial for carrier collection and timely discharge. Simultaneously, it also allows for a relatively regular distribution of the different hollow areas of the steel mesh corresponding to the discontinuous collector electrode, avoiding deformation due to uneven stress distribution in the steel mesh, improving the pattern accuracy of the first collector electrode manufactured based on the steel mesh, and extending the service life of the steel mesh.

[0012] As one possible implementation, the number of first bus structures electrically connecting the different collector electrode segments in the same discontinuous collector electrode is not exactly the same. With this configuration, the number of first bus structures connecting the intersecting collector electrode segments can be set based on the actual needs of the different collector electrode segments, such as edge positions or middle positions, thereby improving the applicability of the solar cell provided by this invention in different application scenarios.

[0013] As one possible implementation, in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode, at least one current collector electrode segment near the first edge of the battery body is disposed through-through at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure. The first edge extends along a second direction.

[0014] With the above technical solution, it can be understood that at least one first edge near the battery body is the starting or ending position for printing the first current collector electrode. During the printing process, the force on the stencil at the corresponding first edge is different from that at other positions; specifically, the stencil has stronger structural rigidity at the corresponding first edge. When the current collector electrode segment located at at least one first edge is continuously disposed at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure, the current collector electrode segment located at at least one first edge has a larger length. This not only helps to improve its own carrier collection efficiency and reduce the carrier recombination rate at the first edge, but also reduces the probability of deformation in the manufacturing of a longer current collector electrode segment due to the stronger rigidity of the stencil at the first edge, preventing uneven printing width and improving the yield of the first current collector electrode.

[0015] As one possible implementation, among all the first bus structures, the two first bus structures located on the outer side along the first direction are defined as outer bus structures, and the remaining first bus structures are defined as middle bus structures. At least one discontinuous current collector electrode is broken along the extension line of each middle bus structure. This arrangement helps to improve the structural rigidity of the printed stencil in the middle region extending along the second direction corresponding to the first surface, prevents deformation of the printed stencil in the middle region extending along the second direction corresponding to the first surface, improves the yield of the first current collector electrode, and extends the service life of the stencil.

[0016] As one possible implementation, the electrode parameters of at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of penetration along the extension line of at least one first busbar structure are greater than the electrode parameters at its other locations. These electrode parameters include at least one of the width of the discontinuous current collector electrode, the height of the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the surface roughness of the side of the discontinuous current collector electrode facing away from the cell body. This configuration, where the width and / or height of the at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of penetration along the extension line of at least one first busbar structure are greater than its other locations, helps to increase the carrier collection area of ​​the first current collector electrode, thereby improving its carrier collection capability and enhancing the performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, when the surface roughness of the at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of penetration along the extension line of at least one first busbar structure is greater than its other locations, it helps to increase the contact area between the discontinuous current collector electrode and the first busbar structure at the penetration location, thus reducing contact resistance.

[0017] As one possible implementation, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body is greater than the surface roughness of at least a portion of the first current collector electrode away from the battery body. This configuration allows for a larger area of ​​the conductive material (such as solder) covering the first connection portion on the interconnect structure, thereby increasing the interconnect pull between the interconnect structure and the first connection portion and improving interconnect reliability.

[0018] As one possible implementation, the discontinuous current collector electrode is interrupted between extension lines of a first bus structure, and is continuously connected at the intersection of the extension lines of the first bus structure. With this configuration, along the first direction, the openings at the current collector electrode segments corresponding to the discontinuous current collector electrode on the printed stencil are uniformly distributed, and the structures retained at the interruptions of the discontinuous current collector electrode are also uniformly distributed. This results in uniform rigidity across different areas of the stencil, which is beneficial for improving printing accuracy and extending the service life of the stencil.

[0019] As one possible implementation, along the first direction, the spacing between the discontinuous collector electrodes at the break point is smaller than the length of the first connecting portion located at the break point. This arrangement helps ensure that both collector electrode segments on either side of the break point can be electrically connected to the first connecting portion, ensuring that the charge carriers collected by the collector electrode segments can be led out to the first busbar structure via the first connecting portion. Simultaneously, it prevents gaps between the first connecting portion and adjacent collector electrode segments, which could hinder the timely collection of charge carriers at the gaps, thus ensuring effective charge carrier collection.

[0020] As one possible implementation, the battery body further includes a doped semiconductor layer located on a localized area of ​​the first surface, with the first current collector, first bus structure, and first connection portion all disposed on the doped semiconductor layer. Along the second direction, the maximum width of the first connection portion is less than 90% of the width of the doped semiconductor layer below it. This arrangement prevents the first connection portion from being directly disposed on the semiconductor substrate of the battery body due to its excessive width, thus reducing metal recombination losses.

[0021] As one possible implementation, along the second direction, the maximum width of the first connection portion is less than half the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes. This design prevents excessive material consumption during manufacturing of the first connection portion due to its large width, thus controlling manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, it reduces the shading effect of the first connection portion, improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell. Furthermore, it prevents the first connection portion from being positioned on the semiconductor substrate outside the first doped portion due to process errors caused by its excessive width, thereby reducing metal recombination losses.

[0022] As one possible implementation, among multiple discontinuous current collector electrodes, at least some current collector electrode segments located in the same column along the second direction have their ends approximately aligned along the first direction. This arrangement facilitates uniform stress distribution on different regions of the stencil along the second direction during the printing process, thereby improving the pattern accuracy of the manufactured first current collector electrode and increasing manufacturing yield.

[0023] As one possible implementation, multiple discontinuous current collector electrodes are all disconnected along the extension line of the same first bus structure. This configuration results in a more regular electrode pattern for the first current collector, reducing its manufacturing difficulty. Furthermore, the stencil for printing the first current collector electrode can have a continuous solid structure at the same bus structure, which enhances the structural rigidity of the stencil and thus increases the yield of the printed first current collector electrode.

[0024] As one possible implementation, among all the first bus structures, some are first-type bus structures, including first end lines arranged opposite each other along a second direction, first bus electrodes disposed between the first end lines, and a row of first electrical connections. The remaining first bus structures are second-type bus structures, including a row of first electrical connections and first end lines located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. Each row of first electrical connections includes multiple first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction. The first end lines are electrically connected to the first electrical connections located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. At least some of the first collector electrodes are disconnected at their intersection with the first-type bus structures. This arrangement helps to enhance the structural rigidity of the printed stencil on the extension line of the first-type bus structure, improves the manufacturing precision of the first collector electrodes, and extends the service life of the stencil. Disconnecting at least part of the first collector electrode at the intersection with the first type of bus structure can also prevent excessive electrical connections between the first type of bus structure and the interconnect structure. The height difference between the first type of bus structure and the electrical connection between the interconnect structure and the first connection part is beneficial to improving the contact effect between the interconnect structure and the first type of bus structure.

[0025] As one possible implementation, among all the first bus structures, some are first-type bus structures, each including first end lines disposed opposite each other along a second direction, first bus electrodes disposed between the first end lines, and a row of first electrical connections. The remaining first bus structures are second-type bus structures, each including a row of first electrical connections and first end lines located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. Each row of first electrical connections includes multiple first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction. The first end lines are electrically connected to the first electrical connections located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. At least in at least one edge region extending along the second direction in the battery body, each at least one first-type bus structure and each at least one second-type bus structure are alternately spaced apart. The discontinuous current collector is disconnected on the extension line of at least one first-type bus structure.

[0026] With the above technical solution, the charge carriers collected by the first current collector electrode in a portion along the first direction can be directly transferred to the interconnect structure via the first electrical junction, reducing transmission losses. Simultaneously, compared to the first bus electrode, the effective length of the first electrical junction is smaller, which helps reduce the amount of paste used in manufacturing the first bus structure, lowering manufacturing costs, and reducing the shading effect of the first bus structure, thus improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell. Furthermore, a first end line is provided on the outer side of each row of electrical junctions along the second direction. The first end line can combine and transfer the charge carriers collected by the first current collector electrode in the edge region extending along the first direction of the cell body to the first electrical junction, eliminating the need to set up the first electrical junction in this edge region. This reduces the impact of the interconnection operation between the first electrical junction and the interconnect structure on the edge of the cell body, improving the yield of the solar cell.

[0027] As one possible implementation, two to four first busbar structures, continuously distributed along the first direction and located in the middle, constitute a first type of busbar structure. In the edge region extending along the second direction within the battery body, the first type of busbar structures and the second type of busbar structures are alternately distributed. The discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected along the extension line of each of the middle first type of busbar structures; alternatively, the discontinuous current collector electrode is continuously connected along the extension line of at least one and at most four middle first busbar structures. This configuration allows for various examples of the discontinuous current collector electrode design, where the extension lines of the two to four continuously distributed first type of busbar structures located in the middle along the first direction are disconnected, thus improving the applicability of this invention's solar cell in different application scenarios.

[0028] As one possible implementation, at least one first bus structure includes two first harpoon-shaped structures disposed opposite each other along a second direction, and a row of first electrical connections located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures; each row of first electrical connections includes a plurality of first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction. The first harpoon-shaped structures are electrically connected to the first electrical connections. The discontinuous current collector is located at least in the region between the two first harpoon-shaped structures in the same first bus structure. This arrangement can reduce the risk of interconnection failure between the first bus structure and the interconnect structure located above the central region of the battery body along the second direction, ensuring that the charge carriers generated in the central region of the battery body along the second direction can be discharged in a timely manner. The charge carriers of the first harpoon-shaped structures located on the edge region extending along the first direction of the battery body can be transferred to the interconnect structure through their own first electrical connections or first connecting parts, ensuring that the charge carriers in the edge region are discharged in a timely manner.

[0029] As one possible implementation, multiple first current collector electrodes are disconnected at at least one first busbar structure and in the region between the first harpoon-shaped structure. This arrangement reduces the amount of paste used for the first current collector electrodes, thus helping to control the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. Simultaneously, the stencil used for printing the first current collector electrodes has a larger proportion of solid structure in the edge region along the second direction, which reduces stress at that location, increases the rigidity and strength of the resulting structure, improves pattern accuracy, and extends the lifespan of the stencil. Furthermore, it ensures uniform stress distribution along the second direction during printing, resulting in higher precision of the first current collector electrodes at the printed locations and improving the yield of the solar cell.

[0030] As one possible implementation, the discontinuous current collector electrode, disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure, does not have a first connection portion at this disconnection point. With this configuration, the interconnect structure does not need to interconnect with the first connection portion on the edge region extending along the first direction of the battery body, reducing the risk of edge cracking and other problems caused by interconnection. Furthermore, it is understood that the first harpoon-shaped structure is located on the second edge region of the battery body along the second direction. This second edge region has relatively more surface defects, resulting in a relatively smaller number of charge carriers. While ensuring the carrier collection efficiency in the second edge region through the discontinuous current collector electrode and the first harpoon-shaped structure, the absence of a first connection portion at the disconnection point of the discontinuous current collector electrode reduces the amount of paste used for the first electrode, thereby lowering the manufacturing cost of the solar cell.

[0031] As one possible implementation, a first connection portion is provided at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure and away from the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction. Alternatively, a first connection portion is not provided at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure and close to the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction. This configuration ensures efficient carrier collection at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode in the second edge region, away from the edge of the cell body extending in the first direction, reduces the carrier recombination rate at the break point, and facilitates the transfer of collected carriers to the interconnect structure, shortening the transmission path and improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Furthermore, the distance between the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure and the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction is small, and the absence of a first connection portion at this break point prevents edge cracking and other problems that can easily occur when interconnecting the interconnect structure with the first connection portion at this location, thus improving the yield of the solar cell.

[0032] As one possible implementation, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction at the first connection point is equal to the distance at which the discontinuous current collector electrode breaks off at the first harpoon-shaped structure and is far from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction. This arrangement facilitates uniform stress distribution on the stencil in different areas along the second direction during the printing process, improving the pattern accuracy of the manufactured first current collector electrode and increasing manufacturing yield.

[0033] As one possible implementation, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure, which is close to the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction, is greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction, where a first connection portion is correspondingly provided.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the proportion of the solid structure of the edge portion of the printed steel mesh corresponding to the solar cell extending along the first direction can be increased, thereby improving the structural strength and rigidity of the steel mesh at the edge portion extending along the first direction. This is beneficial for extending the service life of the steel mesh and preventing the risk of deformation due to the large force on the edge portion extending along the first direction, thus improving the pattern accuracy.

[0035] As one possible implementation, the length of the first connection portion at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction is less than the length of the first connection portion of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure at the break point and away from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction. This arrangement helps to prevent the risk of breakage of the discontinuous current collector electrode located at the edge of the cell body extending along the first direction, which would prevent the carriers from being discharged, thus ensuring effective carrier collection.

[0036] As one possible implementation, at least one first busbar structure includes two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and a row of first electrical junctions located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures; each row of first electrical junctions includes a plurality of first electrical junctions spaced apart along the second direction, and the first harpoon-shaped structures are electrically connected to the first electrical junctions. The first current collector electrode is disconnected at the first electrical junction. Wherein, the area of ​​the first electrical junction is larger than the area of ​​the first connection portion; and / or, along the first direction, the length of the first electrical junction is greater than the length of the first connection portion; and / or, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first electrical junction is greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first connection portion. This configuration, while ensuring timely collection of charge carriers, can reduce the amount of consumables used in manufacturing the first current collector electrode, thus helping to reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar cell.

[0037] As one possible implementation, the discontinuous current collector electrode includes multiple current collector electrode segments, with adjacent segments discontinuously spaced along the extension line of the first busbar structure, and electrically connected via a first connecting portion. In at least one discontinuous current collector electrode, the spacing between two adjacent current collector electrode segments is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm. This configuration prevents the printed stencil from having a short solid structure between two adjacent current collector electrode segments due to a small spacing along the first direction. This design improves the structural rigidity of the stencil, increases the manufacturing precision of the first current collector electrode, and extends the service life of the stencil. It also prevents the carrier collection efficiency of the first current collector electrode from being low due to an excessively large spacing between two adjacent current collector electrode segments along the first direction, thus reducing the carrier recombination rate.

[0038] As one possible implementation, the number of disconnections in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode is less than or equal to half the number of the first busbar structures. This arrangement ensures effective carrier collection while maintaining the structural rigidity and lifespan of the printed stencil.

[0039] As one possible implementation, the discontinuous current collector electrode includes a plurality of current collector electrode segments spaced apart along a first direction. Each current collector electrode segment includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along the first direction. In at least one current collector electrode segment, the electrode parameters of the first end and the second end are different; and / or, in at least one current collector electrode segment, the electrode parameters of the first end and / or the second end are greater than the electrode parameters at other locations besides the first and second ends. The electrode parameters include at least one of the following: the width of the current collector electrode segment, the height of the current collector electrode segment, and the surface roughness of the current collector electrode segment on the side facing away from the solar cell.

[0040] When using the above technical solution, because the end of the current collector electrode segment needs a larger area to collect charge carriers, the height and width of the first and second ends can be greater than the height and width of the other positions mentioned above to ensure better collection of charge carriers. Furthermore, when the first and second ends need to contact the first busbar structure or the first connection portion of the same polarity, a larger surface roughness at the first and second ends can ensure a larger contact area and reduce contact resistance.

[0041] As one possible implementation, the number of disconnections in at least one discontinuous collector electrode is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 20. In this case, it prevents the length of a single collector electrode segment from being too large due to an insufficient number of disconnections, which would lead to high stress and poor structural rigidity in the printed stencil at that point, thus improving the printing accuracy and service life of the stencil. Furthermore, it also prevents the effective collection length in the discontinuous collector electrode from being too small due to an excessive number of disconnections, thus improving carrier collection efficiency.

[0042] As one possible implementation, the first electrode further includes edge electrodes disposed on both sides of the plurality of first collector electrodes along a first direction. The edge electrodes are electrically connected to the plurality of first collector electrodes, and the edge electrodes are made of the same material as the first bus structure. In this case, the edge electrodes and the first bus structure can be formed simultaneously in the same step using the same manufacturing process, which helps to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the first electrode.

[0043] As one possible implementation, the second electrode includes multiple second current collector electrodes, multiple second bus structures, and multiple second connecting portions. The multiple second current collector electrodes extend along a first direction and are spaced apart along a second direction. The multiple second bus structures extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, each second bus structure being electrically connected to at least a portion of the second current collector electrodes. Specifically, at least a portion of the second current collector electrodes are discontinuous current collector electrodes; the discontinuous current collector electrodes are disconnected along the extension line of at least one second bus structure; the second connecting portions are disposed at the disconnection points of the discontinuous current collector electrodes, and the discontinuous current collector electrodes are electrically connected at the disconnection points via the second connecting portions. In the first electrode, all first bus structures include third-type bus structures, and the discontinuous current collector electrodes are disconnected along the extension lines of the third-type bus structures. In the second electrode, all second bus structures include fourth-type bus structures, and the discontinuous current collector electrodes are disconnected along the extension lines of the fourth-type bus structures. At least one third-type bus structure and at least one fourth-type bus structure are arranged opposite each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell. This configuration improves the lifespan and pattern accuracy of the stencil used to print the second electrode. Furthermore, when the third and fourth types of bus structures are positioned opposite each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell, it also ensures that the stencils used to print the first and second current collector electrodes have the same electrode pattern. This allows for the manufacture of both electrodes using the same stencil, thus helping to control manufacturing costs.

[0044] Secondly, this utility model provides a photovoltaic module, which includes: a battery string and an encapsulation layer. The battery string is formed by electrically connecting multiple solar cells as provided in the first aspect and its various implementations; the encapsulation layer covers the surface of the battery string.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various implementations in this utility model can be analyzed with reference to the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its various implementations, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell at the intersection of the first bus electrode and the first collector electrode, provided for related technologies;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the structure of the solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0050] Figure 4 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0051] Figure 5 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 3 ;

[0052] Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 4 ;

[0053] Figure 7 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 5 ;

[0054] Figure 8 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 6 ;

[0055] Figure 9 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 7 ;

[0056] Figure 10 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 8 ;

[0057] Figure 11 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 9 ;

[0058] Figure 12 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 ;

[0059] Figure 13 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 one;

[0060] Figure 14A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 two;

[0061] Figure 15 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 three;

[0062] Figure 16 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 Four;

[0063] Figure 17 A partial schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode in the middle of the first surface of the solar cell provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 10 five.

[0064] Reference numerals in the attached figures: 11 is the battery body, 12 is the first electrode, 13 is the second electrode, 14 is the first current collector electrode, 15 is the first bus structure, 16 is the first connection part, 17 is the doped semiconductor layer, 18 is the first terminal line, 19 is the first electrical connection part, 20 is the first harpoon-shaped structure, 21 is the first bus electrode, 22 is the first doped part, and 23 is the second doped part. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention.

[0066] The accompanying drawings show various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments of the present invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.

[0067] In the context of this utility model, when a layer / element is referred to as being "on" another layer / element, the layer / element can be directly located on the other layer / element, or there can be an intermediate layer / element between them. Furthermore, if a layer / element is "on" another layer / element in one orientation, then when the orientation is reversed, the layer / element can be located "below" the other layer / element. To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0068] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0069] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0070] A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. Specifically, when a solar cell is in operation, sunlight shines on it, creating new electron-hole pairs. Under the influence of the built-in electric field of the pn junction, photogenerated holes flow to the p-region, and photogenerated electrons flow to the n-region. These charge carriers are then discharged through electrodes located in the p-region and n-region respectively, thus generating current. In practical applications, the electrodes of a solar cell include current collector electrodes for collecting charge carriers and current busbars electrically connected to the current collector electrodes. Adjacent solar cells are connected in series with the current busbars via interconnection structures to form a cell string.

[0071] However, as Figure 1As shown, in solar cells of related technologies, the current collector electrode is continuously arranged at the intersection of the extension line of the busbar structure with the same polarity. Although it can collect charge carriers in time, it results in a large height between the two at the intersection (e.g., position A in the figure) and the busbar structure at the non-intersection position (e.g., position B in the figure). This leads to poor interconnection contact between the busbar structure and the interconnection structure, which easily causes interconnection failure and affects the working performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0072] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in a first aspect, embodiments of this utility model provide a solar cell. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the solar cell includes: a cell body 11, a first electrode 12, and a second electrode 13. The cell body 11 includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first electrode 12 is disposed on the first surface of the cell body 11, and the second electrode 13 is disposed on the second surface of the cell body 11. Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode 12 includes a plurality of first collector electrodes 14, a plurality of first bus structures 15, and a plurality of first connection portions 16. The plurality of first collector electrodes 14 extend along a first direction and are spaced apart along a second direction. The plurality of first bus structures 15 extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, each first bus structure 15 being electrically connected to at least a portion of the first collector electrodes 14. The first and second directions intersect.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, at least a portion of the first collector electrode 14 is a discontinuous collector electrode. The discontinuous collector electrode is interrupted on the extension line of at least one first bus structure 15, and is continuously disposed at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure 15. A first connecting portion 16 is disposed at the interruption point of the discontinuous collector electrode, and the discontinuous collector electrode is electrically connected at the interruption point at least through the first connecting portion 16.

[0074] It should be noted that a current collector electrode located on a straight line extending along the first direction in the battery body is called a first current collector electrode. The first current collector electrode can extend continuously from one edge of the battery body to another edge. In this case, the first current collector electrode is called a continuous current collector electrode. The first current collector electrode can also include one or more disconnected positions. In this case, the first current collector electrode is called a discontinuous current collector electrode.

[0075] When the above technical solution is adopted, such as Figure 3As shown, in the first electrode 12 included in the solar cell, at least a portion of the first current collector electrodes 14 are discontinuous current collector electrodes. Specifically, all the first current collector electrodes 14 may be discontinuous current collector electrodes; or only a portion of the first current collector electrodes 14 may be discontinuous current collector electrodes, in which case some of the first current collector electrodes 14 may be continuous current collector electrodes (i.e., they are continuously disposed along the extension line of each first busbar structure 15). It is understood that, along the first direction, when the distance between the two ends of the discontinuous current collector electrode is the same as the distance between the two ends of the continuous current collector electrode, the discontinuous current collector electrode has a break. Compared with the continuous current collector electrode, the actual effective length of the discontinuous current collector electrode is smaller, which is beneficial to reducing the amount of paste material used in manufacturing the first current collector electrode 14. Furthermore, when printing the first current collector 14 using a stencil with a pattern, the stencil is configured as a cutout area at all positions corresponding to the first current collector 14. The stencil has a solid structure in the portions where the first current collector 14 is not located and in the portions where the first current collector 14 is broken. Therefore, when at least some of the first current collector 14 are discontinuous current collectors, the solid structure at the breaks in these discontinuous current collectors reduces the length of the cutout area along the first direction. This helps reduce the stress generated after creating the cutout area in the stencil using laser etching or other processes, improves the accuracy of the electrode pattern in the stencil, and further improves the pattern accuracy of the first current collector 14 manufactured based on the stencil. Simultaneously, increasing the area ratio of the solid structure in the stencil also enhances its rigidity and extends its service life. Secondly, compared with screen printing, the manufacturing cost of the first current collector electrode 14 using stencil printing is lower, and the flatness of different areas of the sidewall and top of the first current collector electrode 14 is better, resulting in a higher yield and improving the working performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, the first connecting part 16 and the first current collector electrode 14 are two different, non-continuous structures. The first connecting part 16 is located at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is electrically connected at the break point through the first connecting part 16. At this time, the first connecting part 16 can transfer the charge carriers collected by the discontinuous current collector electrode to the interconnection structure electrically connected to the first busbar structure 15, realizing the export of charge carriers.In this case, in the first electrode 12, the discontinuous collector electrode is broken on the extension line of at least one first bus structure 15. At this time, no collector electrode is provided at the intersection of the two or a partial collector electrode is provided at the intersection. At this time, most of the area in the intersection is only provided with the first connection part 16. It can be seen that the height of most of the area in the intersection is approximately the same as the height of at least part of the first bus structure 15 that is electrically connected to the interconnect structure (e.g., solder strip). This reduces or even eliminates the height difference of the interconnect structure in different parts that are electrically connected to the first bus structure 15 on its own extension line (when the first connection part 16 and the first bus structure 15 are manufactured at the same time, or when the height of the first connection part 16 and the first bus structure 15 are the same, the height difference of the interconnect structure in different parts that are electrically connected to the first bus structure 15 on its own extension line can be eliminated), thereby improving the interconnection contact effect between the first bus structure 15 and the interconnect structure. Meanwhile, at least a portion of the area below the first connection portion 16 located at the break point is not affected by the first current collector 14, making the surfaces of different areas on the side away from the battery body 11 roughly flush. This increases the contact area between the first connection portion 16 and the interconnect structure, preventing interconnect failure and improving the performance of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the discontinuous current collector is also continuously disposed at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure 15. This avoids having too many break points in the discontinuous current collector, which would affect the carrier collection effect. In this case, the effective collection length of the discontinuous current collector is larger, which helps to improve the carrier collection efficiency and reduce the recombination rate. In addition, the first connecting part 16 and the first collector electrode 14 are two different structures, and there is an alignment problem between them due to manufacturing errors. When the discontinuous collector electrode is still connected at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure 15, the occurrence of the above-mentioned alignment problem can be reduced, and the process difficulty can be reduced. This avoids the problem that the carriers cannot be transmitted or the transmission distance is too long due to the first connecting part 16 not being electrically connected to the disconnected discontinuous collector electrode, thereby improving the carrier collection efficiency.

[0076] In practical applications, the first side of the battery body can correspond to the front of the solar cell (i.e., the side directly exposed to sunlight), and the second side of the battery body can correspond to the back of the solar cell. Alternatively, the first side of the battery body can also correspond to the back of the solar cell, and the second side of the battery body can correspond to the front of the solar cell.

[0077] This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations on the structure and materials of the battery body, and can be set according to actual needs.

[0078] For example, such as Figure 2As shown, the battery body 11 may include a semiconductor substrate, a first doped portion 22, and a second doped portion 23. The first doped portion 22 and the second doped portion 23 have opposite conductivity types. The first doped portion 22 may be a doped region disposed in a local area or the entire area of ​​the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, or it may be a doped semiconductor layer 17 disposed in a local area or the entire area of ​​the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. The second doped portion 23 may be a doped region disposed in a local area or the entire area of ​​the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, or it may be a doped semiconductor layer 17 disposed in a local area or the entire area of ​​the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. A first electrode 12 is disposed on the side of the first doped portion 22 facing away from the semiconductor substrate, and a second electrode 13 is disposed on the side of the second doped portion 23 facing away from the semiconductor substrate.

[0079] The semiconductor substrate can be any semiconductor material such as silicon, silicon germanium, germanium, or gallium arsenide. The semiconductor substrate can be a P-type substrate, an N-type substrate, or an intrinsic substrate.

[0080] The first doped region can be a P-type doped region, in which case the first electrode is the positive electrode, the second doped region is an N-type doped region, and the second electrode is the negative electrode. Alternatively, the first doped region can be an N-type doped region, in which case the first electrode is the negative electrode, the second doped region is a P-type doped region, and the second electrode is the positive electrode.

[0081] Furthermore, when the first doped portion and / or the second doped portion is a doped semiconductor layer, the material of the doped semiconductor layer includes any semiconductor material such as silicon, germanium-silicon, or germanium. In terms of the arrangement of matter, the crystal phase of the doped semiconductor layer can be amorphous, microcrystalline, nanocrystalline, single-crystal, or polycrystalline. When both the first and second doped portions are doped semiconductor layers, the materials of the first and second doped portions can be the same or different. For example, both the first and second doped portions can be doped polycrystalline silicon layers or doped amorphous silicon layers. Another example is that one of the first and second doped portions is a doped polycrystalline silicon layer, and the other is a doped amorphous silicon layer.

[0082] Secondly, when the first doped portion and / or the second doped portion are doped semiconductor layers, the doped semiconductor layers can be directly disposed on the semiconductor substrate. Alternatively, the battery body may also include an interface passivation layer located between the semiconductor substrate and the doped semiconductor layer to reduce the carrier recombination rate on the side of the battery body where the interface passivation layer is disposed. The material and thickness of the interface passivation layer can be set according to the material of the doped semiconductor layer and actual needs, and are not specifically limited here. For example, when the material of the doped semiconductor layer is doped polycrystalline silicon, the interface passivation layer is a tunneling passivation layer. As another example, when the material of the doped semiconductor layer includes doped amorphous silicon, doped microcrystalline silicon, and doped nanocrystalline silicon, the interface passivation layer is an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, an intrinsic microcrystalline silicon layer, an intrinsic nanocrystalline silicon layer, or a mixture of the above three. Wherein, when both the first doped portion and the second doped portion are doped semiconductor layers, and an interface passivation layer is disposed between the semiconductor substrate and both the first doped portion and the second doped portion, the material of the interface passivation layer located between the semiconductor substrate and the first doped portion can be the same as or different from the material of the interface passivation layer located between the semiconductor substrate and the second doped portion.

[0083] For the first electrode, the specific structure of the first busbar structure in the first electrode can be set according to the type of solar cell and actual needs.

[0084] In some examples, such as Figure 3As shown, at least one first bus structure 15 includes two first harpoon-shaped structures 20 disposed opposite each other along a second direction, and a row of first electrical connections 19 located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures 20. Each row of first electrical connections 19 includes a plurality of first electrical connections 19 spaced apart along the second direction, and each row of first electrical connections 19 is electrically connected to a portion of the first current collector 14, and the first harpoon-shaped structures 20 are electrically connected to a portion of the first current collector 14. It should be noted that the first electrical connections 19 are mainly used for welding. In this case, the aforementioned "row of first electrical connections" may include two first electrical connections 19, with the two first electrical connections 19 respectively electrically connected to the two first harpoon-shaped structures 20; or it may include two or more first electrical connections 19, and the two or more first electrical connections 19 are disposed near the first harpoon-shaped structures 20. In this configuration, the solar cell can be a gridless cell. Carriers collected by a portion of the first current collector 14 along a certain region in the first direction can be directly transmitted to the interconnect structure via the first electrical junction 19 or the first connection 16, reducing transmission losses. Simultaneously, this reduces the amount of paste used in manufacturing the first busbar structure 15, lowering manufacturing costs, and also reduces the shading effect of the first busbar structure 15, improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell. Furthermore, a first harpoon-shaped structure 20 is provided on the outer side of each row of electrical junctions along the second direction. The first harpoon-shaped structure 20 can combine and transmit the carriers collected by the first current collector 14 in the second edge region extending along the first direction of the cell body 11 to the first electrical junction 19 or the first connection 16, eliminating the need for the first electrical junction 19 in the second edge region. This reduces the impact of the interconnection operation between the first electrical junction 19 and the interconnect structure on the edge of the cell body 11, improving the yield of the solar cell. The length of the second edge region extending along the first direction on the first surface and the length of the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, as well as the number of the first collector electrodes 14 disposed on the second edge region, can be set according to actual needs.

[0085] Or, such as Figure 6 As shown, the two opposing first harpoon-shaped structures described above can also be replaced by two opposing first end lines 18. Each column of first electrical connections 19 includes a plurality of first electrical connections 19 spaced apart along the second direction, and each first electrical connection 19 is electrically connected to a corresponding first collector electrode 14. The first end line 18 is electrically connected to the first electrical connection 19 located on the outer side along the second direction in the same column of first electrical connections 19, and is also electrically connected to a plurality of first collector electrodes 14 located on the second edge region of the first surface along the second direction. The morphology of the first end line 18 is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the invention. For example, it can be a straight line, a curved line, or a broken line, etc. Here, the explanation of each column of first electrical connections 19 can be referred to the explanation of "a column of first electrical connections" above.

[0086] In other examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the first bus structure 15 includes a first bus electrode 21. A plurality of first bus electrodes 21 extend along a second direction and are spaced apart along a first direction. Each first bus electrode 21 is electrically connected to a plurality of first collector electrodes 14. In this case, the solar cell can be a grid-connected cell, and the arrangement of the first bus electrodes 21 helps to reduce the number of first electrical connections 19 in the first bus structure 15, thus reducing interconnect stress. Alternatively, in this case, the first bus structure 15 may also include a plurality of first electrical connections 19 disposed on the first bus electrodes 21 for electrical connection to an interconnect structure (e.g., solder strip) via the first electrical connections 19. The plurality of first electrical connections 19 are spaced apart along the second direction.

[0087] In some other examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first bus structure 15 includes two first harpoon-shaped structures 20 disposed opposite each other along a second direction, and a first bus electrode 21 located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures 20. The first bus electrode 21 is electrically connected only to a portion of the first collector electrodes 14, and the first harpoon-shaped structures 20 are electrically connected to the remaining first collector electrodes 14. Alternatively, in this case, the first bus structure 15 may also include at least one first electrical connection portion 19 disposed on the first bus electrode 21 for electrical connection to an interconnect structure via the first electrical connection portion 19. A plurality of first electrical connection portions 19 are spaced apart along the second direction.

[0088] In some cases, the two first harpoon-shaped structures 20 that are arranged opposite to each other can also be replaced by two first end lines that are arranged opposite to each other.

[0089] In some other examples, such as Figure 8 As shown, among all the first bus structures 15, some first bus structures 15 are first-type bus structures, which include first end lines 18 disposed opposite each other along the second direction, first bus electrodes 21 disposed between the first end lines 18, and a row of first electrical connections 19. The remaining first bus structures 15 are second-type bus structures, which include a row of first electrical connections 19 and first end lines 18 located outside the row of first electrical connections 19 along the second direction. Each row of first electrical connections 19 includes multiple first electrical connections 19 spaced apart along the second direction. The first end lines 18 are electrically connected to the first electrical connections 19 located outside the row of first electrical connections 19 along the second direction. In the first-type bus structure, a row of first electrical connections 19 may include at least two first electrical connections 19 spaced apart along the second direction. The explanation of a row of first electrical connections 19 can be found in the above explanation of "a row of first electrical connections".

[0090] The aforementioned first end line can be straight, broken, or curved, etc.; or, as... Figure 9 As shown, the first terminal wire can also be replaced with a U-shaped or harpoon-shaped structure. The distribution of the two types of first bus electrodes 21 with different structures can be set according to actual needs. For example: Figure 9 As shown, each at least one first-type busbar structure and each at least one row of second-type busbar structures located on at least one edge region extending along the second direction of the battery body 11 may be alternately distributed; while multiple (e.g., two to four) first busbar structures 15 continuously distributed above the central region between the edge regions extending along the second direction of the battery body 11 and located in the middle along the first direction are first-type busbar structures. Alternatively, each at least one first-type busbar structure and each at least one second-type busbar structure on the edge and central regions extending along the second direction of the battery body 11 may be alternately distributed, i.e., along the second direction, each at least one first-type busbar structure and each at least one second-type busbar structure are alternately distributed. The width range of the edge and central regions extending along the second direction of the battery body 11 along the first direction can be determined according to actual needs and is not specifically limited here. The aforementioned "alternating distribution of at least one type I merging structure and at least one type II merging structure" can be, for example, an alternating distribution of each type I merging structure and each type II merging structure along a second direction; or, for example, an alternating distribution of each pair of type I merging structures and each pair of type II merging structures along a second direction; or, for yet another example, an alternating distribution of each pair of type I merging structures and each type II merging structure along a second direction.

[0091] like Figures 3 to 9 As shown, at least a portion of the first current collector electrode 14 is a discontinuous current collector electrode, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected on the extension line of at least one first busbar structure 15 to reduce the amount of paste used in the first current collector electrode 14, and to improve the pattern accuracy of the printed stencil and extend the service life of the stencil. Furthermore, a first connecting portion 16 is provided at the disconnection point of the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is electrically connected at the disconnection point through the first connecting portion 16 to facilitate the collection and discharge of charge carriers. Based on this, the number of discontinuous current collector electrodes in the first current collector electrode 14, the disconnection position and spacing of the discontinuous current collector electrodes, the length of a single current collector electrode segment in the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the number and length of the first connecting portions 16 can be determined according to the structure of the first electrode 12 in the actual application scenario, and the requirements for the pattern accuracy and service life of the stencil.

[0092] In this configuration, each of the first collector electrodes can be a discontinuous collector electrode. Alternatively, only some of the first collector electrodes can be discontinuous collector electrodes, while the rest can be continuous collector electrodes. In this case, the distribution of discontinuous and continuous collector electrodes can be set according to actual needs.

[0093] For example: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, at least a portion of the first current collector 14 located on the edge region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction can be a continuous current collector electrode, and at least a portion of the first current collector 14 located on the middle region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction can be a discontinuous current collector electrode.

[0094] For example: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when at least one first busbar structure 15 includes a first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and a row of first electrical junctions 19, the discontinuous current collector electrode is located at least in the region between two first harpoon-shaped structures 20 within the same first busbar structure 15. This configuration reduces the risk of interconnection failure between the first busbar structure 15 and the interconnection structure located above the central region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction, ensuring that charge carriers generated in the central region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction can be discharged in a timely manner. It also improves the rigidity of the printed stencil in the central region, ensuring the printing accuracy of the first current collector electrode 14 located in the central region. Furthermore, the charge carriers collected by the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 located on the edge region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction can be transferred to the interconnection structure through its included first electrical junctions 19, ensuring that charge carriers in the edge region are discharged in a timely manner.

[0095] For example: Figure 10 As shown, the multiple first current collector electrodes 14 can be disconnected at at least one first harpoon-shaped structure 20 included in the first busbar structure 15, and in the region between two first harpoon-shaped structures 20. This arrangement reduces the amount of paste used for the first current collector electrodes 14, thus helping to control the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. Simultaneously, the stencil used for printing the first current collector electrodes 14 has a larger proportion of solid structure in the edge region extending along the second direction, which reduces stress at that location, increases structural rigidity and strength, improves pattern accuracy, and extends the lifespan of the stencil. Furthermore, it ensures uniform stress distribution along the second direction during printing, resulting in higher precision of the first current collector electrodes 14 at the printed location, improving the yield of the solar cell, and further enhancing the lifespan of the stencil.

[0096] For example, if at least one first bus structure includes a row of first electrical contacts, and a first terminal line is provided outside the row of first electrical contacts along a second direction, the first current collector may be disconnected at the first terminal line included in at least one first bus structure (in this case, the first current collector located between two first terminal lines disposed opposite each other along the second direction may be disconnected at the intersection of the extension lines of the first bus structure, or it may be continuous). Or, as Figure 6 As shown, at least one first collector electrode 14 may also be provided through at the first end line 18, in which case at least a portion of the first collector electrode 14 located between the two first end lines 18 arranged opposite each other along the second direction is disconnected at the intersection with the extension line of the first bus structure 15.

[0097] For example, at least ten first collector electrodes continuously distributed along the second direction may be discontinuous collector electrodes. For instance, ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty-five, or thirty first collector electrodes continuously distributed along the second direction may all be discontinuous collector electrodes.

[0098] For example, the ratio of the number of discontinuous current collector electrodes to the total number of first current collector electrodes can be greater than or equal to 50%. For instance, the ratio can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%. This configuration results in a larger number of discontinuous current collector electrodes in the first electrode, leading to a greater number of breaks in the first current collector electrodes. This reduces the amount of slurry materials used in manufacturing the first current collector electrodes. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for numerous long, hollowed-out areas within the stencil, increasing the rigidity of the stencil and reducing stress in different areas. This broadens the applicability of the stencil in precision electrode pattern applications. In addition, the number of height differences at the location where the discontinuous current collector electrode is provided with the first connection portion and at least some locations in the extension line of the interconnect structure that are electrically connected to the first bus structure is reduced, thereby reducing or even eliminating the undulating height difference between the different parts of the interconnect structure that are electrically connected to the first bus structure and the first connection portion in its own extension line, and improving the interconnection contact effect between the first bus structure and the interconnect structure.

[0099] For example, at least one discontinuous current collector electrode includes multiple current collector electrode segments, with adjacent current collector electrode segments interrupted between extension lines of the first bus structure. For example, the length of at least one current collector electrode segment can be greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 50 mm. For instance, the length of at least one current collector electrode segment can be 5 mm, 10 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18 mm, 18.5 mm, 19 mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, or 50 mm, etc.

[0100] For example, in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode, the spacing between two adjacent current collector electrode segments can be greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm. For instance, the spacing between two adjacent current collector electrode segments in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode can be 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, or 3.5 mm, etc. This configuration prevents the printed stencil from having a short solid structure between two adjacent current collector electrode segments due to a small spacing along the first direction. This design helps improve the structural rigidity of the stencil, increases the manufacturing precision of the first current collector electrode, and extends the service life of the stencil. It also prevents the carrier collection efficiency of the first current collector electrode from being low due to an excessively large spacing between two adjacent current collector electrode segments along the first direction. This design helps reduce the carrier recombination rate.

[0101] For example, the number of disconnections in at least one discontinuous collector electrode can be less than or equal to half the number of first bus structures. For instance, in the case where the first electrode comprises 20 first bus structures, the number of disconnections in at least one discontinuous collector electrode can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. This arrangement ensures effective carrier collection while maintaining the structural rigidity and lifespan of the printed stencil.

[0102] For example, the number of breaks in at least one discontinuous collector electrode can be greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 20. For instance, the number of breaks in a discontinuous collector electrode can be 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20. In this case, it prevents the length of a single collector electrode segment from being too large due to an insufficient number of breaks, which would lead to high stress and poor structural rigidity in the printed stencil at that point, thus improving the printing accuracy and service life of the stencil. Furthermore, it also prevents the effective collection length in the discontinuous collector electrode from being too small due to an excessive number of breaks, thus improving carrier collection efficiency.

[0103] Among them, the same discontinuous current collector electrode includes multiple current collector electrode segments that can be symmetrically arranged about the center line extending along the second direction about the first surface of the battery body; such arrangement is beneficial to make the rigidity of each position of the printed stencil uniform, which is beneficial to improve the pattern accuracy of each area of ​​the printed first current collector electrode and increase the yield of the first current collector electrode.

[0104] Alternatively, the same discontinuous collector electrode, comprising multiple collector electrode segments, can be asymmetrically arranged. This arrangement can meet the needs of various application scenarios. For example, it can accommodate different location requirements, such as the edge and middle, the extension line of the first bus structure, and the extension line of a non-first bus structure.

[0105] Regarding the disconnection location of the discontinuous collector electrode, different discontinuous collector electrodes can be disconnected on different extension lines of the first bus structure. Or, as... Figure 6 As shown, at least some discontinuous current collector electrodes may be broken along the extension line of the same first bus structure 15. When multiple discontinuous current collector electrodes are broken along the extension line of the same first bus structure 15, the electrode pattern of the first current collector electrode 14 is more regular, which helps reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the first current collector electrode 14. Furthermore, the stencil for printing the first current collector electrode 14 can have a continuous solid structure at the same bus structure, which helps enhance the structural rigidity of the stencil and thus increases the yield of the printed first current collector electrode 14.

[0106] Secondly, in the discontinuous collector electrode, a single collector electrode segment is connected to the extension lines of several first bus structures at the intersection. The number of first bus structures connected to different collector electrode segments electrically connected to the first bus structures at the connection points can be determined according to the length requirements of the collector electrode segments in the actual application scenario and the spacing between adjacent first bus structures along the first direction. No specific limitation is made here.

[0107] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, the discontinuous current collector electrode can be interrupted between extension lines of a first bus structure 15, and can be continuously disposed at the intersection of the extension lines of the first bus structure 15. With this arrangement, along the first direction, the openings at the current collector electrode segments corresponding to the discontinuous current collector electrodes on the printed stencil are uniformly distributed, and the structures retained at the interruptions of the discontinuous current collector electrodes are also uniformly distributed. This makes the rigidity of different areas of the stencil uniform, which is beneficial to improving printing accuracy and extending the service life of the stencil.

[0108] Of course, it is also possible for the discontinuous collector electrode to be interrupted between at least two extension lines of the first bus structure, and to be connected at the intersection of at least one extension line of the first bus structure.

[0109] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, at least one collector electrode segment can be disposed through one to five extension lines of the first busbar structure 15, and the collector electrode segment is electrically connected to the first busbar structure 15 at the through-connection position. For example, at least one collector electrode segment can be disposed through one, two, three, four, or five extension lines of the first busbar structure 15, and is electrically connected to the first busbar structure 15 at the through-connection position. With this arrangement, the number of collector electrode segments included in the same discontinuous collector electrode is reduced, and there are fewer disconnections, which is beneficial to improving the carrier collection capability of the discontinuous collector electrode and thus improving the collection efficiency. At the same time, it can also reduce the risk of the first connection portion 16 not being electrically connected to the collector electrode segment due to manufacturing errors, so that the carriers collected by each collector electrode segment can be promptly discharged through the nearby first connection portion 16.

[0110] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, in the same discontinuous current collector electrode, the number of first bus structures 15 electrically connected to each current collector electrode segment can be the same. This arrangement helps to ensure that the lengths of different current collector electrode segments in the discontinuous current collector electrode are approximately the same, thereby ensuring that the carrier collection capacity of different current collector electrode segments is approximately the same, which is beneficial for the collection and timely discharge of current carriers. At the same time, it also makes the distribution of different hollow areas of the steel mesh corresponding to the discontinuous current collector electrode relatively regular, avoiding deformation caused by uneven stress distribution of the steel mesh, improving the pattern accuracy of the first current collector electrode 14 manufactured based on the steel mesh, and helping to extend the service life of the steel mesh.

[0111] Or, such as Figure 12 As shown, in the same discontinuous collector electrode, the number of first bus structures 15 that intersect and connect the various collector electrode segments may not be exactly the same. In this case, the number of first bus structures 15 that intersect and connect the various collector electrode segments can be set based on the actual needs of the different collector electrode segments, such as edge positions, middle positions, etc.

[0112] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, when the number of collector electrode segments in a discontinuous collector electrode is odd, except for the collector electrode segment located in the middle along the first direction, the remaining collector electrode segments can be symmetrically arranged about the middle collector electrode segment. This arrangement results in a more regular distribution of different collector electrode segments in the discontinuous collector electrode, which is beneficial for carrier collection and extraction. Simultaneously, it helps avoid deformation caused by uneven stress distribution in different areas of the steel plate, improves the pattern accuracy of the first collector electrode 14 manufactured based on the steel mesh, and extends the service life of the steel mesh. Furthermore, the symmetrical arrangement facilitates production line control, reduces the error rate, and improves the manufacturing yield of the first collector electrode 14.

[0113] For example, such as Figure 13 As shown, when the number of multiple current collector segments included in the discontinuous current collector electrode is even, the multiple current collector segments can be symmetrically arranged about the center line extending along the second direction about the first or second surface of the battery body 11. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case can be referred to the previous text, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] For example, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode, at least one current collector electrode segment near the first edge of the battery body 11 is continuously disposed at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first busbar structure 15. The first edge extends along a second direction. In this case, it can be understood that the first edge is the starting or ending position of printing the first current collector electrode 14. During the printing process, the force on the stencil at the corresponding first edge is different from that at other positions. Specifically, the stencil has stronger structural rigidity at the corresponding first edge. When the current collector electrode segment located at at least one first edge is continuously disposed along the extension line of at least one first busbar structure 15, the current collector electrode segment located at at least one first edge has a larger length, which not only helps to improve its own carrier collection efficiency and reduce the carrier recombination rate at the first edge, but also reduces the probability of deformation of the manufacturing long current collector electrode segment by the strong rigidity of the stencil at the first edge, prevents the problem of uneven printing width, and improves the yield of the first current collector electrode 14.

[0115] Alternatively, in at least one discontinuous current collector electrode, the current collector electrode segment near at least one first edge of the battery body may be disconnected on the extension line of the first busbar structure closest to the first edge.

[0116] For example, such as Figure 9 As shown, among all the first bus structures 15, the two first bus structures 15 located on the outer side along the first direction are defined as outer bus structures, and the remaining first bus structures 15 are defined as middle bus structures; at least one discontinuous current collector electrode can be disconnected on the extension line of each middle bus structure. This arrangement helps to improve the structural rigidity of the printed stencil in the middle region extending along the second direction corresponding to the first surface, prevents deformation of the printed stencil in the middle region extending along the second direction corresponding to the first surface, improves the yield of the first current collector electrode 14, and extends the service life of the stencil.

[0117] Or, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, at least one discontinuous collector electrode can be provided at the intersection with the extension line of at least one central busbar structure to enhance the carrier collection efficiency of the discontinuous collector electrode and reduce the carrier recombination rate.

[0118] For example, such as Figure 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in all the first bus structures 15, some of the first bus structures 15 are first-type bus structures, and the rest are second-type bus structures. When two to four first bus structures 15 located in the middle and continuously distributed along the first direction are first-type bus structures, as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the discontinuous collector electrode can be disconnected on the extension line of each type-1 bus structure located in the middle. Alternatively, as... Figures 11 to 15 As shown, the discontinuous current collector electrode is continuously disposed along the extension lines of at least one and at most four first bus structures 15 located in the middle. For example, the discontinuous current collector electrode can be continuously disposed along the extension line of one of the first bus structures located in the middle; or it can be continuously disposed along the extension lines of two of the first bus structures located in the middle (these two first bus structures can be continuously distributed along the first direction or distributed alternately); or it can be continuously disposed along the extension lines of three of the first bus structures located in the middle (these three first bus structures can be continuously distributed along the first direction, or only two of the first bus structures can be continuously distributed and distributed alternately with the other first bus structure). With such a design, the discontinuous current collector electrode has multiple examples of the discontinuous design of the extension lines of the two to four first bus structures 15 located in the middle of the continuous distribution along the first direction, which can improve the applicability of the solar cell provided by this utility model embodiment in different application scenarios.

[0119] For example, such as Figure 9 As shown, among multiple discontinuous current collector electrodes, at least some current collector electrode segments located in the same column along the second direction can be approximately aligned at their ends along the first direction. This arrangement facilitates uniform stress distribution on different regions of the stencil along the second direction during the printing process, thereby improving the pattern accuracy of the manufactured first current collector electrode 14 and increasing manufacturing yield. It should be noted that a distance of less than 1 mm between the ends of at least some current collector electrode segments in the same column along the first direction can be considered as approximately aligned.

[0120] The break distance between two adjacent collector electrode segments in a discontinuous collector electrode can be determined based on the electrode structure of the first electrode, the location of the discontinuous collector electrode along the second direction, the break positions of two adjacent collector electrode segments, and actual requirements. Within the same discontinuous collector electrode, the break distance between any two adjacent collector electrode segments can be the same or different. Along the second direction, the break distances corresponding to different break points located in the same column can be the same or different.

[0121] For example, when at least one first bus structure includes a first harpoon-shaped structure, the break distance of the discontinuous collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure can be greater than the break distance of the discontinuous collector electrode at the break point between two first harpoon-shaped structures disposed opposite each other along the second direction.

[0122] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the disconnection distance at the first connection portion 16 between the two discontinuous current collector electrodes located opposite each other along the second direction can be equal to the distance at which the discontinuous current collector electrode breaks off at the first harpoon structure 20 and is far from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction. This arrangement facilitates uniform stress distribution on the stencil in different areas along the second direction during the printing process, thereby improving the pattern accuracy of the manufactured first current collector electrode 14 and increasing the manufacturing yield.

[0123] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, when at least one first busbar structure 15 includes a first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and a row of first electrical connections 19, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, which is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and close to the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction, can be greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two opposite first harpoon-shaped structures 20 arranged in the second direction, which is disconnected at the corresponding first connection portion 16. This configuration increases the proportion of the solid structure of the printed stencil corresponding to the edge portion of the solar cell extending in the first direction, improves the structural strength and rigidity of the stencil at the edge portion extending in the first direction, extends the service life of the stencil, and helps prevent the risk of deformation due to greater stress on the edge portion of the stencil extending in the first direction, thus improving pattern accuracy.

[0124] The first connecting portion can be a linear structure (such as a straight line, a curved line, or a wavy line), or a patterned structure such as an I-shape (i.e., the width at both ends is greater than the width in the middle), a rectangle (i.e., the width is the same in different regions along the first direction), an ellipse, or a spindle shape (i.e., the width in the middle region along the first direction is greater than the width in the two end regions). When the first connecting portion is a linear structure, the width of each part of the first connecting portion along the first direction can be approximately the same; or it can be wider in the middle and narrower at both ends. In actual manufacturing, the first connecting portion can be formed together with the first busbar structure; or the two can be formed separately. The material of the first connecting portion can be the same as or different from the material of the first current collector electrode; the first connecting portion can be formed separately from or together with the first current collector electrode.

[0125] Furthermore, in practical applications, the electrode parameters of at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of connection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure can be equal to the electrode parameters at its other locations. Alternatively, the electrode parameters of at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of connection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure can also be greater than the electrode parameters at its other locations. The electrode parameters may include at least one of the following: the width of the discontinuous current collector electrode, the height of the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the surface roughness of the side of the discontinuous current collector electrode facing away from the battery body. For example, the width of at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of connection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure can be greater than the width at its other locations. As another example, the height of at least one discontinuous current collector electrode at its point of connection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure can be greater than the height at its other locations. This configuration allows for an increase in the carrier collection area of ​​the first current collector electrode when the width and / or height at the point where it penetrates the extension line of at least one first busbar structure is greater than its width and / or height at other points. This enhances the carrier collection capacity and improves the performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, a greater surface roughness at the point where the surface roughness of the at least one discontinuous current collector electrode penetrates the extension line of at least one first busbar structure compared to its other surfaces increases the contact area between the discontinuous current collector electrode and the first busbar structure at the penetration point, thus reducing contact resistance. For locations with larger electrode parameters in the discontinuous current collector electrode, the opening in the corresponding electrode segment of the screen can be larger. This ensures that the ink flows out from the larger opening, preventing discontinuities or poor leveling in the printed current collector electrode. Additionally, steel wires can be arranged within the larger opening to strengthen the screen's structure, thereby increasing its lifespan.

[0126] It should be noted that surface roughness refers to the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height. For the surface roughness of a discontinuous current collector electrode at the through position, the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height of any region (e.g., the middle region) at the through position can be used to characterize the surface roughness.

[0127] In some embodiments, where the electrode parameters at the through-point on the discontinuous current collector electrode are greater than those in other regions, this region can be referred to as the thickened segment. In some examples, the length of the thickened segment can range from 0.2 mm to 3.5 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, etc.; in some examples, the width of the thickened segment can range from 30 μm to 100 μm, for example, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, etc.; in some examples, the width of the non-thickened segment in the discontinuous current collector electrode can range from 10 μm to 60 μm, for example, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, etc.

[0128] In addition, the surface roughness range of the thickened section can be 2μm to 22μm, for example, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 22μm, etc.; the surface roughness range of the non-thickened section in the discontinuous current collector electrode can be 0μm to 9μm, for example, 0μm, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, etc.

[0129] In some embodiments, the surface of the thickened section in the discontinuous current collector electrode includes a recessed portion and a raised portion. The maximum height of the raised portion ranges from 14μm to 25μm, for example, it can be 14μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 23μm, 25μm, etc.; the minimum height of the recessed portion ranges from 3μm to 12μm, for example, it can be 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 11μm, 12μm, etc.

[0130] In some examples, the height range of the non-thickened section in the discontinuous current collector electrode can be 4μm to 13μm, for example, it can be 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 11μm, 12μm, etc.

[0131] Secondly, in some cases, the shape of the thickened segment gradually changes along the first direction; that is, the width of the end of the thickened segment along the first direction is smaller and it has a tapered structure (i.e., the width of the end of the thickened segment decreases from the middle position to the edge position); the width of the middle part of the thickened segment is larger. This can prevent grid breaks during the printing process.

[0132] Furthermore, for a single collector electrode segment in a discontinuous collector electrode configuration, the electrode parameters at its two ends (defined as the first end and the second end) along the first direction can be the same or different. It should be noted that the edge shapes of the first end and the second end can be straight, arc-shaped, heart-shaped, or conical, etc. The width and height of the first end and the second end can refer to the maximum width and maximum height of the collector electrode segment at both ends along the first direction.

[0133] For example, in at least one current collector electrode segment, the electrode parameters at the first end and / or the second end may be greater than the electrode parameters at other locations besides the first and second ends. The electrode parameters include at least one of width, height, and surface roughness of the current collector electrode segment away from the solar cell surface. In some examples, in a current collector electrode segment located on an edge region of the solar cell extending along a second direction, the electrode parameters at the first end and / or the second end are greater than the electrode parameters at other locations besides the first and second ends.

[0134] It should be noted that the above-mentioned other positions can be all positions other than the first end and the second end, or some of the positions other than the first end and the second end. For example, the positions corresponding to the above-mentioned thickening, thickening, and high surface roughness may not be included.

[0135] Because the ends of the collector electrode segment require a larger area to collect charge carriers, the height and width of the first and second ends can be greater than those of the other locations mentioned above to ensure better collection of charge carriers. Furthermore, when the first and second ends need to contact the first busbar structure or the first connection portion of the same polarity, a larger surface roughness at the first and second ends ensures a larger contact area and reduces contact resistance.

[0136] As for the length of the first connection part, it can be set according to the disconnection distance of the discontinuous collector electrode at the disconnection point and the actual needs.

[0137] For example, along the first direction, the break distance at the break point of the discontinuous collector electrode can be less than the length of the first connecting portion disposed at the break point. This arrangement helps ensure that both collector electrode segments located on either side of the break point can be electrically connected to the first connecting portion, ensuring that the charge carriers collected by the collector electrode segments can be led out to the first busbar structure via the first connecting portion. Simultaneously, it prevents gaps between the first connecting portion and adjacent collector electrode segments, which could hinder the timely collection of charge carriers at the gaps, thus ensuring effective charge carrier collection. Furthermore, in this case, the portion of the first collector electrode that contacts the first connecting portion can be linear, curved, or polygonal, or it can be patterned (e.g., triangular or square shapes) to ensure electrical connection between the collector electrode segment and the first connecting portion.

[0138] In practical applications, the lengths of different first connection parts can be the same or different. The difference in length between different first connection parts can be set according to the structure of the first electrode, the break spacing at the break point in the discontinuous current collector electrode, and actual requirements.

[0139] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the length of the first connecting portion 16 at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures 20 arranged opposite each other along the second direction can be less than the length of the first connecting portion 16 of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 that breaks at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and is far from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction. This arrangement helps to prevent the risk of breakage of the discontinuous current collector electrode located at the edge of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction, which would prevent the carriers from being discharged, thus ensuring effective collection of carriers; at the same time, it helps to ensure effective connection between the first current collector electrode 14 and the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, which is beneficial for carrier discharge.

[0140] For example, the lengths of the different first connection portions provided at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction can be the same.

[0141] It should be noted that, as Figure 10 As shown, at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, the first connecting portion 16, which is away from the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction, can be located within the two end lines of the first harpoon-shaped structure 20.

[0142] Alternatively, at the first harpoon-shaped structure, the two ends of the first connecting portion, which is away from the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction, can be aligned with the two end lines of the first harpoon-shaped structure.

[0143] Alternatively, at least one end of the first connection portion along the first direction, away from the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction, in the first harpoon-shaped structure, may be located outside the two end lines of the first harpoon-shaped structure.

[0144] As for the specific length of the first connecting part, it can be set according to the structural dimensions of the first electrode and actual needs, and no specific limit is made here.

[0145] For example, such as Figure 16 As shown, when the battery body 11 also includes a doped semiconductor layer 17 located on a local area of ​​the first surface, the maximum width of the first connecting portion 16 along the second direction can be less than 90% of the width of the doped semiconductor layer 17 located below the first connecting portion 16. In this case, the orthographic projection of the first connecting portion 16 on the first surface can be located within the orthographic projection of the doped semiconductor layer 17 on the first surface. This arrangement prevents the first connecting portion 16 from being directly disposed on the semiconductor substrate of the battery body 11 due to its excessive width, thus reducing metal recombination losses.

[0146] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, along the second direction, the maximum width of the first connecting portion 16 can be less than half the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14. This arrangement prevents excessive material consumption during the manufacturing of the first connecting portion 16 due to its large width, thus controlling manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, it reduces the shading effect of the first connecting portion 16, improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell. Furthermore, it prevents the first connecting portion 16 from being positioned on the semiconductor substrate outside the first doped portion due to process errors caused by its excessive width, thereby reducing metal recombination losses.

[0147] Among them, such as Figure 17 As shown, when at least one first bus structure 15 includes a first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and a row of first electrical connections 19, the area of ​​the first electrical connections 19 can be greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first connection portion 16. This arrangement helps to increase the contact area between the first electrical connections 19 and the interconnection structure, thereby reducing the contact resistance.

[0148] like Figure 17 As shown, when at least one first bus structure 15 includes a first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and a row of first electrical connectors 19, the length of the first electrical connector 19 can be greater than or equal to the length of the first connection portion 16. This arrangement helps to increase the contact area between the first electrical connector 19 and the interconnection structure, thereby reducing the contact resistance.

[0149] When the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected at the first electrical junction, the disconnection distance between the discontinuous current collector electrode at the corresponding first connection and first electrical junction can be the same or different.

[0150] For example, such as Figure 17 As shown, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first electrical junction can be greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first connection 16. This configuration, while ensuring timely collection of charge carriers, reduces the amount of materials used in manufacturing the first current collector electrode 14, thus helping to lower the manufacturing cost of the solar cell.

[0151] Alternatively, a first connection portion may be provided between each pair of adjacent collector electrode segments in a discontinuous collector electrode. Alternatively, at least one pair of adjacent collector electrode segments in at least one discontinuous collector electrode may not have a first connection portion provided between them; in this case, the position of the discontinuous collector electrode without a first connection portion at the break point on the first surface can be determined according to the specific structure of the first electrode and actual requirements.

[0152] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the discontinuous current collector electrode, disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, may not have the first connection portion 16 at this disconnection point. With this configuration, the interconnect structure does not need to interconnect with the first connection portion 16 on the edge region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction, reducing the risk of edge cracking and other problems caused by interconnection. Furthermore, it is understood that the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 is located on the edge region of the battery body 11 extending along the first direction. This second edge region has relatively more surface defects, resulting in a relatively smaller number of charge carriers. While ensuring the carrier collection efficiency in the second edge region through the discontinuous current collector electrode and the first harpoon-shaped structure 20, the absence of the first connection portion 16 at the disconnection point of the discontinuous current collector electrode 20 reduces the amount of paste used in the first electrode 12, thereby lowering the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. At this time, the discontinuous collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 can be directly electrically connected to the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 at the two points of disconnection, and the charge carriers are transferred to the first electrical junction 19 in contact with it and led out through the first harpoon-shaped structure 20.

[0153] For example, such as Figure 11As shown, a first connection portion 16 is provided at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and away from the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction. A first connection portion 16 is not provided at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and close to the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction. This arrangement ensures the carrier collection efficiency at the break point of the discontinuous current collector electrode in the second edge region, away from the edge of the battery body 11 extending in the first direction, reduces the carrier recombination rate at the break point, and facilitates the transmission of collected carriers to the interconnect structure, shortening the transmission path and improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Furthermore, the distance between the discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure 20 and the edge of the solar cell extending in the first direction is small, and the first connection portion 16 is not provided at the break point. This prevents edge cracking and other problems that can easily occur when interconnecting the interconnect structure with the first connection portion 16 at this location, thus improving the yield of the solar cell.

[0154] For example, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body can be greater than the surface roughness of at least a portion of the first current collector electrode away from the battery body. This configuration facilitates an increase in the area of ​​the conductive material (such as solder) on the interconnect structure covering the first connection portion, thereby increasing the interconnect pull between the interconnect structure and the first connection portion and improving interconnect reliability.

[0155] It should be noted that when the electrode parameters of different parts of the first current collector are the same, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body can be greater than the surface roughness of any region of the first current collector away from the battery body. Furthermore, in the first current collector, when the electrode parameter at the point where it intersects with the extension line of the first busbar structure is greater than the electrode parameters at other locations, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body can be greater than the surface roughness of a portion of the first current collector away from the battery body (this portion being the region of the first current collector excluding the point where it intersects). The difference between the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body and the surface roughness of at least a portion of the first current collector away from the battery body can be set according to actual needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0156] Of course, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body can also be equal to the surface roughness of at least a portion of the first current collector electrode away from the battery body.

[0157] For example, the first electrode may further include edge electrodes (not shown in the figure) disposed on both sides of the plurality of first collector electrodes along a first direction, the edge electrodes being electrically connected to the plurality of first collector electrodes. This arrangement facilitates the collection of edge carriers, improves carrier collection efficiency, and reduces the edge carrier recombination rate. The edge electrodes may be made of the same material as the first bus structure. In this case, the same manufacturing process can be used to simultaneously form the edge electrodes and the first bus structure in the same step, which improves the manufacturing efficiency of the first electrode.

[0158] Alternatively, the material of the edge electrode can be different from the material of the first bus structure. Furthermore, the material of the edge electrode can be the same as or different from the material of the first current collector electrode.

[0159] The structure of the second electrode, which is set on the battery body, can be set according to actual needs, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0160] For example, the second electrode includes a plurality of second collector electrodes and a plurality of second bus structures. The plurality of second collector electrodes extend along a first direction and are spaced apart along a second direction. The plurality of second bus structures extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, each second bus structure being electrically connected to at least a portion of the second collector electrodes. Each second bus structure may be electrically connected to only a portion of the second collector electrodes, or it may be electrically connected to all of the second collector electrodes. The second collector electrodes may be continuous collector electrodes. Alternatively, at least a portion of the second collector electrodes may be discontinuous collector electrodes; in this case, the break points of the discontinuous collector electrodes in the second electrode can be set according to actual needs. For example, at least a portion of the second collector electrodes are discontinuous collector electrodes, and the discontinuous collector electrodes are broken along the extension lines of at least one second bus structure. In the second collector electrodes, the discontinuous collector electrodes may be broken at the intersection points with the extension lines of each second bus structure; or, at least one discontinuous collector electrode may be continuous at the intersection points with the extension lines of at least one second bus structure.

[0161] Furthermore, when at least a portion of the second collector electrode is a discontinuous collector electrode, the second electrode may also include multiple second connecting portions. The second connecting portions are located at the break points of the discontinuous collector electrodes, and the discontinuous collector electrodes are electrically connected at the break points via the second connecting portions. The application principle of the beneficial effects in this case can be referred to the application principle of the beneficial effects of the first electrode including multiple first collector electrodes, multiple first bus structures, and multiple first connecting portions described above. Secondly, in this case, the specific structure and dimensions of the second electrode can be referred to the structure and dimensions of the first electrode described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0162] Furthermore, in the first electrode, all first bus structures include third-type bus structures, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected along the extension line of the third-type bus structure. In the second electrode, all second bus structures include fourth-type bus structures, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected along the extension line of the fourth-type bus structure. Specifically, the number of third-type bus structures in the first electrode can be equal to or unequal to the number of fourth-type bus structures in the second electrode. Additionally, at least one third-type bus structure and at least one fourth-type bus structure can be arranged opposite each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell. For example, when the number of third-type bus structures in the first electrode is the same as the number of fourth-type bus structures in the second electrode, each third-type bus structure can be arranged opposite to a corresponding fourth-type bus structure along the thickness direction of the solar cell; or, for example, when the number of third-type bus structures in the first electrode is different from the number of fourth-type bus structures in the second electrode, the bus structure with the smaller number of third-type and fourth-type bus structures is arranged opposite to the same number of bus structures in the other along the thickness direction of the solar cell. For example, when the first electrode includes five third-type bus structures and the second electrode includes six fourth-type bus structures, the five third-type bus structures can be respectively arranged opposite to the corresponding five fourth-type bus structures in the six fourth-type bus structures along the thickness direction of the solar cell.

[0163] Alternatively, they can be offset along a direction parallel to the first or second surface.

[0164] Specifically, when at least one type III bus structure and at least one type IV bus structure are arranged opposite each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the lifespan and pattern accuracy of the stencil for printing the second electrode can be improved. Furthermore, when at least one type III bus structure and at least one type IV bus structure are arranged opposite each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell, it is also beneficial to ensure that the stencils for printing the first and second current collector electrodes have the same electrode pattern. This allows the first and second current collector electrodes to be manufactured using the same stencil, thus helping to control manufacturing costs.

[0165] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic module, which includes a battery string and an encapsulation layer. The battery string is formed by electrically connecting multiple solar cells as provided in the first aspect and its various implementations; the encapsulation layer covers the surface of the battery string.

[0166] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various implementations in the embodiments of this utility model can be referred to the analysis of the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its various implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0167] The above description does not provide detailed explanations of the technical aspects of each layer's patterning, etching, etc. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various technical means can be used to form layers and regions of the desired shape. Furthermore, to form the same structure, those skilled in the art can also design methods that are not entirely identical to those described above. Additionally, although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination.

[0168] The embodiments of this utility model have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. The scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this utility model, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, include: The battery body comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; the battery body includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; the first electrode is disposed on the first surface of the battery body, and the second electrode is disposed on the second surface of the battery body; The first electrode includes a plurality of first collector electrodes, a plurality of first bus structures, and a plurality of first connection portions; the plurality of first collector electrodes extend along a first direction and are spaced apart along a second direction; the plurality of first bus structures extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, and each first bus structure is electrically connected to at least a portion of the first collector electrodes; the first direction and the second direction intersect. Wherein, at least a portion of the first collector electrode is a discontinuous collector electrode, the discontinuous collector electrode being disconnected on at least one extension line of the first bus structure and being continuously disposed at the intersection with the extension line of at least one first bus structure; the first connecting portion is disposed at the disconnection point of the discontinuous collector electrode, and the discontinuous collector electrode is electrically connected at least through the first connecting portion at the disconnection point.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discontinuous current collector includes multiple current collector segments, adjacent current collector segments are disconnected between the extension lines of the first bus structure, and adjacent current collector segments are electrically connected through the first connecting portion. In at least one of the discontinuous current collector electrodes, the current collector electrode segment near at least one first edge of the battery body is disposed through at a position where it intersects with the extension line of at least one of the first busbar structures; the first edge extends along the second direction.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, Of all the first busbar structures, the two first busbar structures located on the outer side along the first direction are defined as outer busbar structures, and the remaining first busbar structures are defined as middle busbar structures; At least one of the discontinuous current collector electrodes is disconnected on the extension line of each of the central bus structures.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the discontinuous current collector electrodes has an electrode parameter at a position where it penetrates the extension line of at least one of the first busbar structures, which is greater than the electrode parameter at other positions. The electrode parameter includes at least one of the width of the discontinuous current collector electrode, the height of the discontinuous current collector electrode, and the surface roughness of the discontinuous current collector electrode on the side away from the battery body. And / or, the surface roughness of the first connection portion away from the battery body is greater than the surface roughness of at least a portion of the first current collector electrode away from the battery body.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discontinuous current collector electrode is interrupted between extension lines of the first bus structure at intervals of one, and is connected through the intersection of extension lines of the first bus structure at intervals of one.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The discontinuous collector electrode includes a plurality of collector electrode segments spaced apart along a first direction, and at least one of the collector electrode segments is disposed through at the intersection with the extension lines of 1 to 5 of the first bus structures, and the collector electrode segment is electrically connected to the first bus structure at the through position.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the same discontinuous collector electrode, the number of first bus structures that are electrically connected to each of the collector electrode segments is the same.

8. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the same discontinuous collector electrode, the number of first bus structures that are electrically connected to each of the collector electrode segments are not exactly the same.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery body further includes a doped semiconductor layer located on a local area of ​​the first surface, and the first current collector, the first bus structure and the first connection portion are all disposed on the doped semiconductor layer; along the second direction, the maximum width of the first connection portion is less than 90% of the width of the doped semiconductor layer located below the first connection portion; And / or, along the second direction, the maximum width of the first connection portion is less than half the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes.

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discontinuous current collector electrode includes a plurality of current collector electrode segments spaced apart along the first direction; among the plurality of discontinuous current collector electrodes, at least a portion of the current collector electrode segments located in the same column along the second direction have their ends substantially aligned along the first direction. And / or, the multiple discontinuous collector electrodes are all disconnected on the extension line of the same first bus structure.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In all the first bus structures, some of the first bus structures are first type bus structures, which include first end lines disposed opposite each other along the second direction, first bus electrodes disposed between the first end lines, and a row of first electrical connections. The remaining first bus structures are second type bus structures, which include a row of first electrical connections and first end lines located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. Each row of first electrical connections includes a plurality of first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction. The first end lines and the first electrical connections are electrically connected. At least a portion of the discontinuous collector electrode is disconnected at the intersection with the first type of bus structure.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In all the first bus structures, some of the first bus structures are first type bus structures, which include first end lines disposed opposite each other along the second direction, first bus electrodes disposed between the first end lines, and a row of first electrical connections. The remaining first bus structures are second type bus structures, which include a row of first electrical connections and first end lines located outside the row of first electrical connections along the second direction. Each row of first electrical connections includes a plurality of first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction. The first end lines and the first electrical connections are electrically connected. At least on at least one edge region extending along the second direction in the battery body, at least one of the first type of bus structure and at least one of the second type of bus structure are alternately distributed; the discontinuous current collector electrode is broken on the extension line of at least one of the first type of bus structure.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that, Two to four first busbar structures located in the middle along the first direction and continuously distributed are the first type of busbar structure; on the edge region extending along the second direction in the battery body, the first type of busbar structure and the second type of busbar structure are alternately distributed. The discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected on the extension line of each of the first type of bus structures located in the middle; Alternatively, the discontinuous collector electrode may be disposed in a continuous manner along at least one and at most four extension lines of the first bus structure located in the middle.

14. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first bus structures includes two first harpoon-shaped structures disposed opposite each other along the second direction, and a row of first electrical connections located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures; each row of first electrical connections includes a plurality of first electrical connections spaced apart along the second direction, and the first harpoon-shaped structures are electrically connected to the first electrical connections. The discontinuous collector electrode is located at least in the region between the two first harpoon-shaped structures in the same first busbar structure.

15. The solar cell according to claim 14, characterized in that, The plurality of first collector electrodes are disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure in at least one of the first bus structures and in the region between the first harpoon-shaped structure.

16. The solar cell according to claim 14, characterized in that, The discontinuous current collector electrode that is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure has no first connection portion at the disconnection point; Alternatively, the connection may be provided at the first harpoon-shaped structure and away from the discontinuous current collector electrode along the second direction edge of the solar cell; or the connection may be provided at the first harpoon-shaped structure and close to the discontinuous current collector electrode along the second direction edge of the solar cell.

17. The solar cell according to claim 15, characterized in that, The disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction at the first connection is equal to the distance at the first harpoon-shaped structure where the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected at the first harpoon-shaped structure and away from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction. And / or, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon structure, which is close to the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction, is greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between two first harpoon structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction, at the location where the first connection portion is correspondingly provided. And / or, the length of the first connection portion of the discontinuous current collector electrode located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures arranged opposite each other along the second direction at the break point is less than the length of the first connection portion of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first harpoon-shaped structure at the break point and away from the edge of the solar cell extending along the first direction.

18. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first bus structures includes two first harpoon-shaped structures disposed opposite each other along the second direction, and a row of first electrical junctions located between the two first harpoon-shaped structures; each row of first electrical junctions includes a plurality of first electrical junctions spaced apart along the second direction, the first harpoon-shaped structures being electrically connected to the first electrical junctions; the first current collector is disconnected at the first electrical junction; Wherein, the area of ​​the first electrical junction is larger than the area of ​​the first connection portion; And / or, along the first direction, the length of the first electrical junction is greater than the length of the first connection portion; And / or, the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first electrical junction is greater than the disconnection distance of the discontinuous current collector electrode at the first connection.

19. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electrode includes a plurality of second collector electrodes, a plurality of second bus structures, and a plurality of second connection portions; the plurality of second collector electrodes all extend along the first direction and are spaced apart along the second direction; the plurality of second bus structures extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction, and each second bus structure is electrically connected to at least a portion of the second collector electrodes; Wherein, at least a portion of the second collector electrode is a discontinuous collector electrode, and the discontinuous collector electrode is disconnected on at least one extension line of the second bus structure, the second connection portion is disposed at the disconnection point of the discontinuous collector electrode, and the discontinuous collector electrode is electrically connected at the disconnection point through the second connection portion. In the first electrode, all the first bus structures include a third type of bus structure, and the discontinuous current collector electrode is disconnected on the extension line of the third type of bus structure; In the second electrode, all the second bus structures include a fourth type of bus structure, and the discontinuous collector electrode is disconnected on the extension line of the fourth type of bus structure; At least one of the third type of busbar structure and at least one of the fourth type of busbar structure are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the solar cell.

20. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the number of discontinuous collector electrodes to the total number of all first collector electrodes is greater than or equal to 50%. And / or, the discontinuous current collector electrode includes multiple current collector electrode segments, adjacent current collector electrode segments are disconnected between the extension lines of the first bus structure, and adjacent current collector electrode segments are electrically connected through the first connecting portion; in at least one of the discontinuous current collector electrodes, the distance between two adjacent current collector electrode segments is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm; And / or, the number of disconnections in at least one of the discontinuous current collector electrodes is less than or equal to half the number of the first bus structure.

21. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discontinuous current collector electrode includes a plurality of current collector electrode segments spaced apart along the first direction; each current collector electrode segment includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along the first direction; Wherein, in at least one of the current collector electrode segments, the electrode parameters of the first end and the second end are different; and / or, in at least one current collector electrode segment, the electrode parameters of the first end and / or the second end are greater than the electrode parameters of other positions besides the first end and the second end. The electrode parameters include at least one of the following: the width of the current collector electrode segment, the height of the current collector electrode segment, and the surface roughness of the side of the current collector electrode segment facing away from the solar cell.

22. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A battery string, wherein the battery string is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of solar cells as described in any one of claims 1 to 21; And an encapsulation layer that covers the surface of the battery string.

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