Single-layer multi-frequency gnss antenna

Abstract

The application relates to a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna, which comprises a patch antenna body, the patch antenna body comprises a dielectric substrate and a ground plane, the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a clover-shaped high-frequency radiation metal plate, the periphery of the high-frequency radiation metal plate is provided with a low-frequency radiation metal plate, a first non-metal gap is arranged between the high-frequency radiation metal plate and the low-frequency radiation metal plate, four edges of the low-frequency radiation metal plate are provided with accommodation grooves, long-strip-shaped radiation metal patches are arranged in the accommodation grooves, and rectifier radiation parts are arranged between four corners of the low-frequency radiation metal plate and adjacent two accommodation grooves, and the four rectifier radiation parts correspond to four sharp corners of the clover-shaped high-frequency radiation metal plate. The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, the radiation performance of the antenna is optimized through a special geometric layout, the foundation of antenna miniaturization and low cost is laid, and the dual-band coverage and good radiation characteristics are preliminarily ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna. Background Technology

[0002] The widespread application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has placed higher demands on the performance of terminal antennas. Modern GNSS encompasses multiple systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and China's BeiDou, operating in frequency bands such as L1, L2, and L5. Therefore, a miniaturized, high-performance GNSS antenna capable of simultaneously and stably operating across multiple frequency bands has become an urgent market need.

[0003] Microstrip antennas are widely used in satellite positioning due to their small size, low cost, and ease of integration. However, with the continuous expansion of satellite positioning system applications and the increasing trend towards miniaturization of wireless communication devices, demands for antennas have emerged, including higher precision, multi-band operation, miniaturization, and lightweight design. Traditional positioning antennas, to meet the requirements of multi-band systems, often employ industrial plastic metallization or ceramic printing with silver paint to create single-frequency antennas. To achieve multi-frequency operation, the traditional approach is to use a multi-layer stacked structure, where radiating patches of different sizes and located in different dielectric layers resonate at different frequency bands. However, this multi-layer structure has inherent drawbacks: firstly, the manufacturing process is complex, requiring multiple laminations and alignments, leading to a significant increase in production costs; secondly, high alignment accuracy between layers is required, making yield control difficult; and finally, the overall thickness and weight of the antenna increase, hindering the development of thinner and lighter terminal devices.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna, the specific technical solution of which is as follows.

[0006] A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna includes a patch antenna body, which comprises a dielectric substrate and a grounding panel. A clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate is disposed at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. A low-frequency radiating metal plate is disposed around the periphery of the high-frequency radiating metal plate. A first non-metallic gap exists between the high-frequency radiating metal plate and the low-frequency radiating metal plate. The four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal plate are provided with clearance grooves, and elongated radiating metal patches are disposed in the clearance grooves. Rectifying radiating sections are disposed at the four corners of the low-frequency radiating metal plate between two adjacent clearance grooves. The four rectifying radiating sections correspond to the four sharp corners of the clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiating metal plate, the low-frequency radiating metal plate, and the elongated radiating metal patch are respectively provided with a first metallized through hole, a second metallized through hole, and a third metallized through hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of the first metallized through-holes is one, and it is located at the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of the second metallized through holes is eight. The eight second metallized through holes are arranged in pairs on four protruding plates inside the low-frequency radiating metal plate. The four protruding plates extend into the space between two adjacent blades of the clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate. The line connecting the center lines of each pair of second metallized through holes is parallel to the corresponding elongated radiating metal patches on the four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the clearance groove is provided with two elongated radiating metal patches arranged side by side, and the third metallized through hole is located in the middle of the elongated radiating metal patches.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiating metal plate and the low-frequency radiating metal plate are respectively provided with a first feeding pin and a second feeding pin, and the first feeding pin and the second feeding pin extend downward through the grounding panel.

[0012] Furthermore, there are two first feeding pins, which are located near the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate; there are also two second feeding pins, which are located on two of the protruding plates inside the low-frequency radiating metal plate, and are located on two protruding plates away from the two first feeding pins.

[0013] Furthermore, a second non-metallic gap exists between the elongated radiating metal patch and the low-frequency radiating metal plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate and grounding panel are square plate structures, the low-frequency radiating metal plate is a square plate structure with four sides corresponding to the four sides of the dielectric substrate, the four rectifier radiating parts of the low-frequency radiating metal plate are square plate structures, and the outer corners of the rectifier radiating parts are provided with chamfer structures.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: (1) The single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model adopts a single-layer planar structure, which completely avoids the complex and expensive multi-layer pressing and alignment process, and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost and production difficulty. (2) The single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model, through the innovative architecture of “central clover + outer square ring + parasitic unit” and precise electromagnetic coupling design, stably achieves high-performance operation covering the main frequency bands of GNSS on a single layer, and has good isolation between each frequency band. (3) The single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model provides a wealth of design freedom with its clearance slot, parasitic patch, multiple sets of metallized through holes and multiple non-metallic gaps, enabling engineers to finely control the frequency response and impedance characteristics of the antenna like debugging a circuit in order to achieve optimal performance. (4) The single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model, through overall geometric optimization, especially the introduction of the rectifier radiator and the chamfer, has obtained a stable and symmetrical radiation pattern and a high gain, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio and anti-multipath interference capability of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the front structure of the single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the rear structure of the single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Dielectric substrate; 2. Grounding panel; 3. High-frequency radiating metal plate; 4. Low-frequency radiating metal plate; 5. First non-metallic gap; 6. Relief groove; 7. Long strip-shaped radiating metal patch; 8. Rectifying radiating section; 9. First metallized through-hole; 10. Second metallized through-hole; 11. Third metallized through-hole; 12. Protrusion plate; 13. First feed pin; 14. Second feed pin; 15. Second non-metallic gap. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below based on its overall structure.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna, including a patch antenna body. The patch antenna body includes a dielectric substrate 1 and a grounding panel 2. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of industrial plastic. A four-leaf clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate 3 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1. A low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 is provided around the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3. A first non-metallic gap 5 is provided between the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3 and the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4. The four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 are provided with relief grooves 6. A strip-shaped radiating metal patch 7 is provided in the relief grooves 6. The four corners of the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 are provided with rectifying radiating parts 8 between two adjacent relief grooves 6. The four rectifying radiating parts 8 correspond to the four sharp corners of the four-leaf clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate 3.

[0022] This invention discloses a single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna, which constructs a single-layer antenna model with a "concentric dual-radiator + edge modulation structure". The model has a clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate at its center and a square low-frequency radiating metal plate on the periphery. The two are separated by a first non-metallic gap to form electromagnetic coupling. The low-frequency radiating metal plate has clearance slots on its four sides and embeds elongated radiating metal patches. The four corners are provided with rectifier radiating parts corresponding to the sharp corners of the high-frequency radiating metal plate.

[0023] In terms of multi-frequency generation, the high-frequency radiating metal plate naturally resonates in the higher frequency band, and its clover-shaped structure can excite multiple degenerate modes, effectively widening the high-frequency bandwidth. The low-frequency radiating metal plate mainly resonates in the lower frequency band. In terms of electromagnetic coupling, the first non-metallic gap forms a coupling capacitor, enabling energy to be efficiently transferred between high-frequency and low-frequency radiators, achieving impedance matching.

[0024] The clearance slots and elongated radiating metal patches are used to fine-tune the current path and distribution of the low-frequency radiating metal plate, thereby precisely controlling its resonant characteristics; the rectifier radiating section forms a specific coupling with the sharp corner of the high-frequency radiating metal plate, which helps to "sort out" and "regulate" the electric field distribution at the edge of the antenna and improve the radiation pattern.

[0025] Stable, wideband dual-band operation was achieved on a single-layer medium; the antenna's radiation performance was optimized through a special geometric layout; this laid the foundation for antenna miniaturization and low cost; and initially ensured dual-band coverage and good radiation characteristics.

[0026] Specifically, the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3, the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4, and the elongated radiating metal patch 7 are respectively provided with a first metallized through-hole 9, a second metallized through-hole 10, and a third metallized through-hole 11. In this embodiment, metallized through-holes are introduced on the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3, the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4, and the elongated radiating metal patch 7. The metallized through-holes are equivalent to parallel inductors, changing the current distribution path on the patch surface and effectively extending the equivalent current path, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna without increasing the physical size. At the same time, they can suppress unnecessary surface waves and improve radiation efficiency. This further reduces the antenna size, meets the requirements of miniaturization design, allows for precise tuning of the resonant frequencies of each part, and improves radiation efficiency; it achieves further miniaturization of the antenna and provides a means for subsequent fine frequency adjustment of each part.

[0027] Specifically, the number of the first metallized through-hole 9 is one, which is set at the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3. The through-hole located at the center can have a symmetrical effect on multiple resonant modes of the clover structure, which helps to stabilize its resonant frequency and may improve the circular polarization performance in the high-frequency band, stabilize and optimize the multimode operating characteristics of the high-frequency radiator, and improve the stability and consistency of the high-frequency band performance.

[0028] Specifically, there are eight second metallized vias 10, arranged in pairs on four protruding plates 12 inside the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4. The four protruding plates 12 extend into the space between two adjacent blades of the clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate 3. The line connecting the centerlines of each pair of second metallized vias 10 is parallel to the corresponding elongated radiating metal patches 7 on the four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4. In this embodiment, eight second metallized vias are arranged in pairs on the four protruding plates extending inward from the low-frequency radiating metal plate, and the line connecting each pair of vias is parallel to the elongated patch on the same side. The protruding plates extend into the space between the high-frequency radiator blades, enhancing the coupling between the high- and low-frequency radiators. The paired and oriented vias can precisely control the current phase and distribution in this key coupling region of the protruding plates, thereby optimizing the impedance matching and circular polarization performance in the low-frequency band. Its direction is parallel to the elongated patch, ensuring the consistency of electromagnetic field tuning of the entire low-frequency system; strengthening the coupling between high and low frequency radiators; precisely controlling and optimizing the resonance and radiation characteristics of the low-frequency band; significantly improving the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the low-frequency band, and enhancing the circular polarization quality of the antenna.

[0029] Specifically, the clearance slot 6 contains two parallel elongated radiating metal patches 7, with the third metallized through-hole 11 located in the middle of each patch 7. In this embodiment, each clearance slot contains two parallel elongated radiating metal patches, with a third metallized through-hole in the middle; the two patches provide more design freedom, equivalent to adding a tuning circuit. The central metallized through-hole is used to finely adjust the resonant characteristics of the two patches themselves, enabling them to achieve more ideal coupling with the main low-frequency radiator, working together to expand or fine-tune the low-frequency bandwidth; providing a more refined means of low-frequency performance adjustment, allowing the frequency response of the low-frequency band to be more precisely "tailored" to cover the target frequency band.

[0030] Specifically, the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3 and the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 are respectively provided with a first feeding pin 13 and a second feeding pin 14. The first feeding pin 13 and the second feeding pin 14 extend downward through the grounding panel 2. There are two first feeding pins 13, which are located near the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate 3. There are two second feeding pins 14, which are located on two of the protruding plates 12 inside the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4, and are located on the two protruding plates 12 away from the two first feeding pins 13.

[0031] In this embodiment, the high-frequency section uses two first feed pins 13 close to the center, and the low-frequency section uses two second feed pins 14 located on a specific convex plate and diagonally distributed with respect to the high-frequency feed point; this allows for independent impedance matching and power distribution for the two frequency bands, avoiding mutual constraints under a single feed point. Using two spatially orthogonal feed points in each frequency band, and feeding these two points with signals 90° out of phase via an external power divider, is a standard and effective method for generating circularly polarized waves. This arrangement is specifically designed to meet the requirement that GNSS antennas must receive circularly polarized signals. Independent optimization excitation is achieved for each frequency band; high-quality circularly polarized radiation waves are generated, ensuring good axial ratio performance of the antenna in each operating frequency band, which is crucial for high-precision GNSS reception. Specifically, a second non-metallic gap 15 exists between the elongated radiating metal patch 7 and the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4. This second non-metallic gap between the elongated radiating metal patch and the main low-frequency radiating metal plate forms a secondary coupling capacitor, allowing the elongated patch to interact with the main radiator as a parasitic unit, further fine-tuning the edge capacitance and current distribution in the low-frequency band; providing an additional coupling adjustment dimension, finely optimizing low-frequency performance, and making the impedance matching and frequency response in the low-frequency band more ideal.

[0032] Specifically, the dielectric substrate 1 and the grounding plate 2 are square plate structures, the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 is a square plate structure with four sides corresponding to the four sides of the dielectric substrate 1, and the four rectifier radiating sections 8 of the low-frequency radiating metal plate 4 are square plate structures with chamfered outer corners. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate, grounding plate, and low-frequency radiating plate are square, and the rectifier radiating sections are also square with chamfered structures. Charge accumulation easily occurs at the antenna edges, especially at right angles, leading to increased cross-polarization levels and affecting circular polarization purity. The chamfered structure can smooth the current path, disperse edge charges, effectively suppress higher-order modes, improve the symmetry and axial ratio of the radiation pattern, reduce edge effects, optimize circular polarization performance, improve antenna gain, and enhance the overall radiation performance and reliability of the antenna.

[0033] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0034] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna, comprising a patch antenna body, the patch antenna body comprising a dielectric substrate (1) and a grounding panel (2), characterized in that, A four-leaf clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate (3) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1). A low-frequency radiating metal plate (4) is provided around the high-frequency radiating metal plate (3). A first non-metallic gap (5) is provided between the high-frequency radiating metal plate (3) and the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4). A relief groove (6) is provided on the four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4). A strip-shaped radiating metal patch (7) is provided in the relief groove (6). A rectifying radiating part (8) is provided at the four corners of the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4) between two adjacent relief grooves (6). The four rectifying radiating parts (8) correspond to the four sharp corners of the four-leaf clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal plate (3).

2. The single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency radiating metal plate (3), the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4), and the elongated radiating metal patch (7) are respectively provided with a first metallized through hole (9), a second metallized through hole (10), and a third metallized through hole (11).

3. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the first metallized through-hole (9) is one, and it is located at the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate (3).

4. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the second metallized through holes (10) is eight. The eight second metallized through holes (10) are arranged in pairs on the four protruding plates (12) inside the low-frequency radiation metal plate (4). The four protruding plates (12) extend into the space between two adjacent blades of the clover-shaped high-frequency radiation metal plate (3). The line connecting the center lines of each pair of second metallized through holes (10) is parallel to the corresponding long strip radiation metal patches (7) on the four sides of the low-frequency radiation metal plate (4).

5. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clearance groove (6) contains two elongated radiating metal patches (7) arranged side by side, and the third metallized through hole (11) is located in the middle of the elongated radiating metal patch (7).

6. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The high-frequency radiating metal plate (3) and the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4) are respectively provided with a first feeding pin (13) and a second feeding pin (14), and the first feeding pin (13) and the second feeding pin (14) extend downward through the grounding panel (2).

7. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are two first feeding pins (13), which are located near the center of the high-frequency radiating metal plate (3); there are two second feeding pins (14), which are located on two of the protrusions (12) inside the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4) and on two protrusions (12) away from the two first feeding pins (13).

8. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a second non-metallic gap (15) between the elongated radiating metal patch (7) and the low-frequency radiating metal plate (4).

9. A single-layer multi-frequency GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (1) and the grounding panel (2) are square plate structures. The low-frequency radiation metal plate (4) is a square plate structure with four sides corresponding to the four sides of the dielectric substrate (1). The four rectifier radiation parts (8) of the low-frequency radiation metal plate (4) are square plate structures. The outer corners of the rectifier radiation parts (8) are chamfered.

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