A mixture multilayer reactor

Abstract

The utility model relates to reactor technical field discloses a kind of mixture multilayer reactors, comprising: reactor outer tube, reactor inner tube is equipped in reactor outer tube, and liquid inlet pipe and liquid outlet pipe are respectively connected on reactor outer tube, and liquid inlet pipe and liquid outlet pipe are communicated with the penetration of reactor outer tube and reactor inner tube, and multiple reaction cavities are in the reactor inner tube;The present application is realized by being equipped with the reaction cavity structure of multilayer series connection, and the step-by-step grafting reaction of mixed aldehyde under multiple reaction stages is realized, and the delicacy of reaction control is improved. Each reaction cavity is equipped with independent liquid discharge port and cleaning port, combined with the cooperation structure of ejector rod, top ring, baffle a and baffle b, the cleaning path of corresponding cavity can be opened after reaction liquid transfer, and mechanical elastic reset and cylinder driving double mode are used for cleaning component, to ensure stable and reliable action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of reactor technology, specifically to a multilayer reactor for mixtures. Background Technology

[0002] In chemical synthesis and polymer material preparation, chain grafting reactions are often advanced using series reactors or segmented reaction devices. For complex aldehyde grafting reactions with significantly different reactant properties, layer-by-layer reactions are typically required under multi-stage reaction conditions. Existing continuous reactors mostly employ a fixed structure design, with reactants flowing sequentially through each reaction chamber from top to bottom or front to back. However, after long-term operation, unreacted substances, byproducts, or gels can easily remain in each chamber, especially when processing aldehyde raw materials with strong cross-linking tendencies or containing multiple functional groups.

[0003] Most existing continuous reactors lack tiered, independent cleaning structures. Cleaning and maintenance rely on complete disassembly or full-body rinsing after shutdown, making segmented, localized cleaning impossible. This results in poor production continuity, high risk of batch-to-batch contamination, and low cleaning efficiency. In actual production, to avoid frequent shutdowns, some companies even choose not to clean or only perform fluid purging, further affecting the stability of the grafting reaction and product quality, thus hindering the widespread application of this type of reactor in multi-step grafting reaction scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multilayer reactor for mixtures, which aims to alleviate the aforementioned problems to at least some extent.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A multilayer reactor for mixing components, comprising: The reactor has an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. The outer cylinder is connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which pass through the outer cylinder and communicate with the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder has multiple reaction chambers. It also includes a cleaning pipe disposed on the inner cylinder of the reactor; Multiple cleaning ports are provided on the cleaning pipe and are connected to the corresponding reaction chambers. Multiple drain ports are provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber and are connected to the outer cylinder of the reactor. A solenoid valve a is provided between every two adjacent reaction chambers; A cleaning component located between the outer cylinder of the reactor and the cleaning pipe is used to open the drain port on one of the reaction chambers and simultaneously open the cleaning port connected to that reaction chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the cleaning component includes a baffle a disposed in the drain port, the baffle a being slidably connected to the outer cylinder of the reactor and a spring a being connected between the baffle a and the outer cylinder of the reactor, a wedge a being connected to the baffle a, a sliding ring being slidably connected inside the outer cylinder of the reactor, and a top rod cooperating with the wedge a being connected to the bottom of the sliding ring.

[0007] Preferably, the cleaning component further includes a baffle b disposed in the cleaning port, a fixed connecting frame inside the cleaning tube, the baffle b being slidably connected to the connecting frame, a spring b being disposed between the two, a wedge-shaped strip b being disposed on the baffle b, a sliding frame being slidably connected to the outer wall of the cleaning tube, and a top ring cooperating with the wedge-shaped strip b being connected to the bottom of the sliding frame.

[0008] Preferably, a guide rod is connected to the inner side of the baffle a, and an inclined guide rail is connected to the bottom of the sliding frame, with the end of the guide rod slidingly engaged with the inclined guide rail.

[0009] Preferably, the cleaning component further includes a cylinder disposed on the outer cylinder of the reactor, and the telescopic shaft of the cylinder is connected to the sliding ring.

[0010] Preferably, a reaction frame is connected to the cleaning tube, and multiple mixing blades are connected to the reaction frame. The sliding frame is disposed outside the cleaning tube, and a connecting rod is connected to the top of the reaction chamber. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the connecting rod.

[0011] Preferably, a fixed pipe is fixed on the outer cylinder of the reactor, the cleaning pipe is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed pipe, a motor is provided on the outer cylinder of the reactor, and gears that mesh with each other are respectively provided on the drive shaft of the motor and the cleaning pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the lowest reaction chamber, the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the highest reaction chamber, and a solenoid valve b is provided in both the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder of the reactor.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has the following main advantages: This invention, through a multi-layered, series-connected reaction chamber structure, achieves a progressive grafting reaction of mixed aldehydes across multiple reaction stages, improving the precision of reaction control. Each reaction chamber is equipped with an independent drain port and cleaning port. Combined with the cooperative structure of the top rod, top ring, and baffles a and baffle b, the cleaning path of the corresponding chamber can be opened after the reaction liquid is transferred. The cleaning components employ a dual-mode system of mechanical elastic reset and cylinder drive to ensure stable and reliable operation. The rotary cleaning tube, driven by a motor and gear linkage, agitates the cleaning liquid with mixing blades, significantly improving cleaning uniformity and residual liquid removal. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point A; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point B; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the reactor outer cylinder structure of this utility model.

[0015] Figure label: 100. Outer cylinder of reactor; 101. Inner cylinder of reactor; 102. Inlet pipe; 103. Outlet pipe; 104. Reaction chamber; 105. Cleaning pipe; 106. Cleaning port; 107. Drain port; 108. Solenoid valve a; 109. Solenoid valve b; 110. Drain pipe; 200. Baffle a; 201. Spring a; 202. Wedge a; 203. Sliding ring; 204. Push rod; 205. Baffle b; 206. Spring b; 207. Wedge bar b; 208. Sliding frame; 209. Top ring; 210. Guide rod; 211. Inclined guide rail; 212. Cylinder; 300. Reaction frame; 301. Mixing blade; 302. Connecting rod; 303. Fixing tube; 304. Motor; 305. Gear. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] refer to Figures 1-5 This embodiment provides a multilayer reactor for a mixture, including: an outer cylinder 100, an inner cylinder 101 disposed within the outer cylinder, an inlet pipe 102 and an outlet pipe 103 penetrating the outer cylinder and communicating with the inner cylinder, a solenoid valve a108 for interlayer flow, a cleaning pipe 105 disposed on the inner cylinder 101, a plurality of cleaning ports 106 disposed on the cleaning pipe 105, and a plurality of drain ports 107 communicating with the reaction chamber 104.

[0018] The reactor inner cylinder 101 has a hollow cylindrical structure, and multiple reaction chambers 104 are axially arranged in the reactor inner cylinder 101; in this embodiment, there are six. A solenoid valve a108 is provided between adjacent reaction chambers 104 to control the sequential flow of the reaction liquid. Each reaction chamber 104 has a drain port 107 on its side wall, which penetrates the reactor inner cylinder 101 and communicates with the reactor outer cylinder 100 for discharging cleaning waste liquid.

[0019] The cleaning pipe 105 is installed on the inner cylinder 101 of the reactor and has multiple cleaning ports 106, which are respectively connected to multiple corresponding reaction chambers 104. The cleaning component is used to open the cleaning port 106 and the drain port 107 connected to a certain reaction chamber 104 after the reaction is completed and the chamber is emptied, so as to realize single-chamber directional cleaning.

[0020] With the above setup, the reaction liquid raw material is injected into the first reaction chamber 104 through the inlet pipe 102 located on the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor for the first stage of grafting reaction. After the reaction in this chamber is completed, the solenoid valve a108 located between the first and second reaction chambers 104 is opened, and the reaction liquid automatically flows into the second reaction chamber 104 to enter the next reaction stage. This process continues, with the reaction liquid being advanced stage by stage through the solenoid valve a108 after completing the reaction in the current chamber, until the reaction process in the sixth reaction chamber 104 is completed. This layered control structure of the solenoid valves achieves staged advancement and temporary storage separation of the reaction liquid, effectively avoiding mixing and interference of reactants between stages, and ensuring the integrity and transfer efficiency of the chain grafting reaction.

[0021] After the reaction liquid transfer in each reaction chamber 104 is completed, the chamber is empty. At this time, the drain port 107 and cleaning port 106 of the corresponding reaction chamber 104 are opened synchronously by the cleaning component. The cleaning liquid from the cleaning pipe 105 is injected into the reaction chamber 104 through the cleaning port 106 and discharged through the drain port 107. This process achieves single-chamber directional cleaning of each reaction chamber 104, which can promptly remove unreacted raw materials, by-products, or gelled residues without interrupting the subsequent reaction process, significantly improving the cleanliness of the equipment and the stability of multi-round operation. Compared with the traditional whole-machine shutdown cleaning method, this structure has the advantages of online cleaning, local control, and rapid recovery, which helps to reduce the probability of cross-contamination and ensure the consistency of reaction conditions for each batch in continuous production.

[0022] Finally, the product after the six-stage reaction is discharged through the outlet pipe 103 at the end of the reactor for subsequent separation, purification, or further processing. This reactor structure combines the triple functions of multi-chamber cascade, interlayer liquid control, and chamber self-cleaning, making it particularly suitable for multiple grafting reaction processes involving highly active or easily cross-linked aldehyde raw materials. It effectively solves the problems of difficult cleaning of reaction chamber 104, severe crosstalk, and poor continuity in traditional reactors.

[0023] In this embodiment, the cleaning component includes a baffle a200 disposed within the drain port 107. The baffle a200 is slidably connected to the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor and is elastically reset connected to the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor via a spring a201 connected to one side, so that it is in the initial state of closing the drain port 107 without external force. A wedge-shaped strip a202 is connected to the baffle a200 for contacting and engaging with external structures.

[0024] Furthermore, a sliding ring 203 is slidably connected to the inner side of the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. A push rod 204 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding ring 203. The push rod 204 is disposed on the upper side of the wedge-shaped strip a202 and contacts and engages with it. By moving the sliding ring 203, the push rod 204 can be driven to push the wedge-shaped strip a202 radially, thereby driving the baffle a200 to slide and open along the axial direction of the drain port 107, forming a drain channel.

[0025] With the above setup, during actual operation, after a reaction chamber 104 completes its reaction and the reaction liquid is transferred to the next reaction chamber 104 via the solenoid valve a108, the chamber is in an empty state. At this time, the sliding ring 203 corresponding to the position of the chamber can be driven to move axially. The push rod 204 connected to the bottom of the sliding ring 203 aligns with the wedge strip a202 and generates a pressing force. Under the pressure of the push rod 204, the wedge strip a202 moves inward and drives the baffle a200 to slide against the elastic force of the spring a201, causing the drain port 107 to open. At the same time, the cleaning port 106 corresponding to the reaction chamber 104 is opened, and the cleaning liquid is injected into the interior of the reaction chamber 104 through the cleaning pipe 105 to complete the flushing of the interior of the chamber.

[0026] In this embodiment, the cleaning component further includes a baffle b205 for controlling the injection of cleaning fluid, which is disposed within the cleaning port 106. Specifically, a fixed connecting frame is provided inside the cleaning tube 105, and the baffle b205 is slidably connected to the connecting frame. A spring b206 is provided between the two to provide an elastic restoring force for the baffle b205, so that it closes the cleaning port 106 in a static state.

[0027] The baffle b205 is provided with a wedge-shaped strip b207 for moving under force. The outer wall of the cleaning pipe 105 is slidably connected to a sliding frame 208, which can move in the axial direction. A top ring 209 is fixedly connected to its bottom. The top ring 209 is positioned above the wedge-shaped strip b207 and makes contact with it.

[0028] With the above settings, during reactor operation, when a reaction chamber 104 completes the reaction and is ready for cleaning, the corresponding baffle a200 is opened first. Then, the sliding frame 208 at the corresponding position slides along the outer wall of the cleaning pipe 105. The top ring 209 at the bottom of the sliding frame 208 contacts the wedge strip b207 and pushes it outward, pushing the baffle b205 to overcome the elastic force of the spring b206, thereby opening the cleaning port 106.

[0029] At this time, the cleaning fluid flows in through the cleaning pipe 105, passes through the open cleaning port 106, and is injected into the reaction chamber 104 to perform directional rinsing of the reaction chamber 104. After cleaning is completed, the sliding frame 208 resets, the top ring 209 disengages from the wedge strip b207, the spring b206 returns to its original state, pushes the baffle b205 back to its initial position, and re-closes the cleaning port 106.

[0030] In this embodiment, in order to further improve the continuity of the action of the baffle a200 and the linkage control accuracy of the sliding frame 208, a guide rod 210 is connected to the inner side of the baffle a200. The guide rod 210 extends along the radial direction of the reactor and can move along with the baffle a200.

[0031] The bottom of the sliding frame 208 is provided with an inclined guide rail 211, which forms a certain angle with the direction of movement of the guide rod 210. The end of the guide rod 210 slides in cooperation with the inclined guide rail 211. This structure allows the guide rod 210 to move inward synchronously when the baffle a200 is opened in the direction of the drain port 107, pressing the inclined guide rail 211 and thus driving the sliding frame 208 to move downward.

[0032] With the above settings, during the cleaning control process, when a reaction chamber 104 completes the transfer of reaction liquid and needs to perform drainage and cleaning tasks, the sliding ring 203 and the push rod 204 are driven to push the wedge strip a202, thereby causing the baffle a200 to move horizontally along the drain port 107. At this time, the guide rod 210 connected to the inner side of the baffle a200 moves horizontally synchronously, and its end exerts a sliding pressure on the inclined guide rail 211 located at the bottom of the sliding frame 208.

[0033] Since the guide rod 210 moves in a horizontal straight line, while the inclined guide rail 211 forms a certain angle, the sliding pressure of the guide rod 210 is converted into a vertically downward component force, thereby driving the sliding frame 208 to slide downward along its guide structure. During the movement of the sliding frame 208, the top ring 209 driven by it moves downward, thereby pushing the wedge strip b207 and realizing the synchronous opening of the cleaning port 106. The cleaning fluid then flows from the cleaning pipe 105 into the reaction chamber 104 through the opened cleaning port 106, and is simultaneously open with the drain port 107, forming a path, resulting in high flushing efficiency and smooth flow of clean fluid.

[0034] In this embodiment, the cleaning component further includes a cylinder 212 mounted on the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. The telescopic shaft of the cylinder 212 passes through the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor and is fixedly connected to the sliding ring 203. The cylinder 212 can drive the telescopic shaft to perform axial reciprocating motion under the control of an external air source, thereby driving the sliding ring 203 to move axially.

[0035] When a reaction chamber 104 needs cleaning, the cylinder 212 controlling the corresponding chamber extends axially, causing the connected sliding ring 203 to move downwards. Simultaneously, the push rod 204 at its bottom engages with the wedge a202, generating thrust that causes the wedge a202 to press against the baffle a200, forcing it to overcome the spring force of the spring a201 and slide, opening the drain port 107. After cleaning, the cylinder 212 reverses its direction, the sliding ring 203 retracts, the push rod 204 releases the thrust on the wedge a202, and the baffle a200, under the reset action of the spring a201, closes the drain port 107 again. The cylinder 212 then resets, completing its cycle.

[0036] In this embodiment, in order to improve the mixing uniformity and cleaning effect of the cleaning solution in the reaction chamber 104, the cleaning tube 105 is a rotatable structure, and a reaction frame 300 is fixedly connected to its outer wall. The reaction frame 300 is provided with a plurality of mixing blades 301, which are used to agitate and stir the reaction solution during the cleaning or reaction process.

[0037] The sliding frame 208 is disposed outside the cleaning tube 105 and can slide axially relative to the cleaning tube 105. To ensure stable guidance when the sliding frame 208 slides, a fixed connecting rod 302 is provided at the top of the reaction chamber 104. The sliding frame 208 is slidably connected to the connecting rod 302, allowing it to move only in the vertical direction without rotating with the cleaning tube 105, thereby maintaining its operational stability.

[0038] Since the top ring 209 is a ring structure and has a contact fit with the wedge strip b207 on the baffle b205, even if the baffle b205 deflects or shifts at a certain angle during the rotation of the cleaning tube 105, the top ring 209 can still effectively push the wedge strip b207 downward to achieve reliable opening of the cleaning port 106.

[0039] With the above configuration, the rotating cleaning tube 105 combined with the mixing blades 301 can enhance liquid agitation during the cleaning or reaction process, promoting uniform distribution of aldehyde reactants or cleaning solution. Simultaneously, it can also agitate and stir the cleaning solution injected into the cavity, thereby improving cleaning efficiency and residue removal capability.

[0040] In this embodiment, in order to realize the rotation function of the cleaning tube 105, a fixed tube 303 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. The cleaning tube 105 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed tube 303, and the cleaning tube 105 can rotate relative to the fixed tube 303 around its own axis.

[0041] A motor 304 is installed outside the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. A drive gear 305 is installed on the drive shaft of the motor 304, and a driven gear 305 is installed on the bottom outer wall of the cleaning tube 105. The drive gear 305 and the driven gear 305 mesh with each other to form a gear transmission mechanism 305, which is used to transmit the rotational power output by the motor 304 to the cleaning tube 105 to achieve its controlled rotation. With the above setup, when enhanced mixing or high-efficiency cleaning is required during operation, the motor 304 is started. The motor 304 drives the shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the active gear 305 to rotate. This meshes with the driven gear 305 on the cleaning pipe 105, thereby achieving active rotation of the cleaning pipe 105. Since the cleaning pipe 105 and the fixed pipe 303 are connected by a rotatable structure, the rotation can be stably supported while avoiding axial displacement, ensuring a smooth and reliable rotation process.

[0042] During the rotation of the cleaning tube 105, the externally connected reaction frame 300 and multiple mixing blades 301 rotate synchronously, generating shearing, disturbance and eddy current effects on the liquid in the reaction chamber 104, significantly enhancing the contact efficiency between the cleaning fluid and the inner surface of the chamber, and improving the ability to remove deposit residues.

[0043] In this embodiment, the inlet pipe 102 is connected to the uppermost reaction chamber 104 of the reactor inner cylinder 101, and the outlet pipe 103 is connected to the lowermost reaction chamber 104, thus forming a series reaction path from top to bottom. To achieve precise fluid control, solenoid valves b109 are respectively installed inside the inlet pipe 102 and the outlet pipe 103 for programmed switching control according to the reaction steps, so as to achieve time coordination and closed-loop control of liquid inlet / outlet.

[0044] In addition, to facilitate the centralized discharge of waste liquid discharged from each reaction chamber 104 during the cleaning process to the outside, a drain pipe 110 is provided at the bottom of the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. This drain pipe 110 is connected to the waste liquid collection area of ​​the cleaning process connected to the drain port 107 of each reaction chamber 104, and is used to discharge the waste liquid to the external drainage system or collection container during the cleaning cycle or when the machine is shut down for maintenance.

[0045] With the above setup, during use, the mixed aldehyde raw material is injected into the first reaction chamber 104 through the liquid inlet pipe 102 located at the top. The liquid inlet path is precisely controlled by the solenoid valve b109, which precisely controls the opening time and liquid inlet rate. The reaction liquid then flows down through each reaction chamber 104 sequentially, completing the chain grafting reaction step by step. The final product is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe 103 located at the bottom sixth reaction chamber 104. The liquid outlet process is also controlled by the solenoid valve b109 to ensure sufficient reaction time and stable output flow rate.

[0046] In addition, during the cleaning process, when a reaction chamber 104 completes the reaction, its drain port 107 is opened under the action of the push rod 204. The released waste liquid first enters the drain channel area inside the outer cylinder 100 of the reactor. The residual liquid generated during the cleaning process of multiple chambers is collected to the bottom of the outer cylinder by gravity and then discharged through the drain pipe 110 set at the bottom, so as to realize the unified diversion and discharge of waste liquid in the system.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multilayer reactor for a mixture, comprising: The reactor has an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. The outer cylinder is connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which pass through the outer cylinder and communicate with the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder has multiple reaction chambers. Its characteristic is that it further includes a cleaning pipe disposed on the inner cylinder of the reactor; Multiple cleaning ports are provided on the cleaning pipe and are connected to the corresponding reaction chambers. Multiple drain ports are provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber and are connected to the outer cylinder of the reactor. A solenoid valve a is provided between every two adjacent reaction chambers; A cleaning component located between the outer cylinder of the reactor and the cleaning pipe is used to open the drain port on one of the reaction chambers and simultaneously open the cleaning port connected to that reaction chamber.

2. The multilayer reactor for a mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning component includes a baffle a disposed in the drain port, the baffle a being slidably connected to the outer cylinder of the reactor and a spring a being connected between the baffle a and the outer cylinder of the reactor, a wedge a being connected to the baffle a, a sliding ring being slidably connected inside the outer cylinder of the reactor, and a top rod cooperating with the wedge a being connected to the bottom of the sliding ring.

3. A multilayer reactor for a mixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning component also includes a baffle b disposed in the cleaning port, a fixed connecting frame inside the cleaning tube, the baffle b being slidably connected to the connecting frame, a spring b being provided between the two, a wedge-shaped strip b being provided on the baffle b, a sliding frame being slidably connected to the outer wall of the cleaning tube, and a top ring cooperating with the wedge-shaped strip b being connected to the bottom of the sliding frame.

4. A multilayer reactor for a mixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, A guide rod is connected to the inner side of the baffle a, and an inclined guide rail is connected to the bottom of the sliding frame. The end of the guide rod is slidably engaged with the inclined guide rail.

5. A hybrid multireactor according to claim 3, wherein, The cleaning component also includes a cylinder mounted on the outer cylinder of the reactor, and the telescopic shaft of the cylinder is connected to the sliding ring.

6. A multilayer reactor for a mixture according to claim 5, characterized in that, A reaction frame is connected to the cleaning tube, and multiple mixing blades are connected to the reaction frame. A sliding frame is located outside the cleaning tube, and a connecting rod is connected to the top of the reaction chamber. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the connecting rod.

7. A multilayer reactor for a mixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, A fixed pipe is fixed on the outer cylinder of the reactor, and the cleaning pipe is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed pipe. A motor is provided on the outer cylinder of the reactor, and gears that mesh with each other are provided on the drive shaft of the motor and the cleaning pipe, respectively.

8. The hybrid multi-layer reactor of claim 1, wherein, The liquid outlet pipe is connected to the lowest reaction chamber, the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the uppermost reaction chamber, and a solenoid valve b is provided in both the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder of the reactor.

Images