A kind of integrated anti-filter drainage and triangular bearing hidden ditch structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of integrated anti-filtering drainage and triangular bearing's underdrain structure, belong to the field of reservoir engineering hydraulic structure design, including spillway concrete bottom plate, composite anti-filtering drainage body, triangular structure, concrete cushion layer;Multiple drainage pipes / holes are spaced apart and are provided in the direction along the hypotenuse in the two side walls of triangular structure;Drainage pipe / hole one end penetrates the top of the side wall of triangular structure, other end is communicated with the inner chamber of triangular structure.The utility model completely solves the inherent defects of traditional drainage system construction complex, easy to fail, not repairable, provides innovative solution for the long-term safe operation of spillway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydraulic structure design for reservoir engineering, and more specifically, it is a submerged ditch structure that integrates reverse filtration drainage and triangular bearing. Background Technology

[0002] A key technical challenge facing reservoir spillway energy dissipation and scour prevention systems is how to effectively control uplift pressure beneath the foundation slab. Traditional uplift pressure control mainly relies on two types of technologies: one is open drainage holes that are prone to clogging and failure, and the other is a complex and difficult-to-maintain underground orthogonal pipe network system. Both have obvious drawbacks. The latter, as the mainstream technology, not only leads to complex excavation sections and cumbersome construction due to its orthogonal arrangement of longitudinal and transverse pipes, but also creates risk points for drainage clogging and damage at the intersections. At the same time, the entire system cannot be inspected after being covered by concrete, and its pipe structure is also prone to damage under long-term loads. It is a typical "one-time" concealed project, and its reliability decreases sharply with the service life.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this situation, it is necessary to develop an integrated reverse filter drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure that can completely solve the inherent defects of traditional drainage systems, such as difficult construction, easy failure, and lack of inspection and repair, and provide a solution for the long-term safe operation of spillways. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology, specifically the structural defects of the existing spillway bottom slab drainage system. The traditional buried drainage pipes have insufficient structural strength and bearing capacity and are difficult to achieve the reverse filtration function for a long time. Under the long-term action of foundation stress and upper concrete load, they are prone to flattening and damage, resulting in drainage failure. Their overall durability and design service life are difficult to match with the main body of the project. Therefore, this utility model provides a buried ditch structure that integrates reverse filtration drainage and triangular bearing.

[0005] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional systems, such as fragile structure and short lifespan, by constructing a permanent drainage system with excellent load-bearing capacity and self-reverse filtration function.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a culvert structure integrating reverse filtration drainage and triangular bearing, characterized in that: it includes a concrete bottom slab of a spillway, a composite reverse filtration drainage body set at the bottom of the concrete bottom slab of the spillway, a triangular structure with its apex embedded at the bottom of the composite reverse filtration drainage body, and a concrete pad layer set at the bottom of the triangular structure. The triangular structure has a triangular cross-section, and multiple drainage pipes / holes are spaced apart along the hypotenuse on both sides of the triangular structure. One end of each drainage pipe / hole passes through the top of the side wall of the triangular structure, and the other end is connected to the inner cavity of the triangular structure.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the composite reverse filter drainage body includes, from top to bottom, a coarse sand layer, a small stone layer, and a large stone layer; the bottom shape of the large stone layer matches the shape of a triangular structure.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the coarse sand layer is laid with coarse sand with a particle size of 0.5-2.0mm and a thickness of 50mm; the small stone layer is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 5-20mm and a thickness of 250mm; and the large stone layer is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 20-60mm and a thickness of 300mm.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the triangular structure adopts an isosceles triangle or equilateral triangle cross section, and the vertex angle of the triangular structure is in the range of 45°-90°; the longitudinal slope of the triangular structure is consistent with the slope of the concrete bottom slab of the spillway.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the vertex angle of the triangular structure is 60°.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the triangular structure is a reinforced concrete structure or a brick masonry structure.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the drain pipe / hole is a PVC drain pipe with an inner diameter of 80mm, and adjacent PVC drain pipes are pre-embedded in the side wall of the triangular structure at a interval of 1.5m.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages.

[0014] 1) This invention breaks through the traditional mindset of "pipeline drainage" and proposes an innovative concept of "structural drainage". The core of this invention is the use of a "sand and gravel reverse filtration system + a triangular reinforced concrete structure (or brick masonry) with drainage pipes / holes", replacing the fragile pipe network with a strong and durable triangular drainage ditch. This structure can not only effectively transfer the upper load to the foundation by virtue of the excellent stability mechanical properties of the triangle, achieving extremely high durability with the same lifespan as the main project, but also form an efficient, smooth and anti-clogging drainage channel through its internal sand and gravel reverse filtration layer and drainage holes. This technological breakthrough completely solves the inherent defects of traditional drainage systems, such as complex construction, easy failure and lack of maintenance, and provides an innovative solution for the long-term safe operation of spillways.

[0015] 2) The drainage and filtration performance of this utility model is durable and reliable; This utility model adopts a three-layer filtration system of coarse sand-small stones-large stones with strict gradation, and realizes the dual functions of efficient drainage and reliable filtration based on the principle of particle interference; This design ensures continuous drainage and effectively prevents the loss of foundation soil particles, fundamentally solving the technical problem of easy clogging in traditional drainage systems.

[0016] 3) The structural load-bearing capacity of this utility model is significantly improved; this utility model adopts a triangular structure, which utilizes the inherent geometric stability of the triangle to effectively distribute the upper load to the foundation through the force transmission mechanism of the hypotenuse; the triangular structure has a clearer force distribution, is easier to construct, and greatly improves the overall stability of the structure.

[0017] 4) The service life and durability of this utility model are greatly improved; the triangular structure of this utility model can be implemented by either cast-in-place concrete or brick masonry; the brick masonry structure is particularly suitable for small and medium-sized projects, as the materials are readily available, the construction is simple, and no complex formwork is required; the reinforced concrete structure is suitable for large-scale projects, as it has good integrity and high strength.

[0018] 5) The utility model has significant economic benefits throughout its entire life cycle; the entire drainage system of this utility model adopts a technical solution that combines a triangular stable structure with a graded filter layer, and all component materials have excellent durability characteristics; compared with traditional drainage systems, the design service life of this utility model can be synchronized with the main project, achieving the technical effect of permanent drainage. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the triangular structure of this utility model when it is constructed with reinforced concrete.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the triangular structure of this utility model when it is constructed using brick masonry.

[0021] Among them, 100-spillway concrete base slab, 200-composite reverse filter drainage body, 210-coarse sand layer, 220-small stone layer, 230-large stone layer, 300-triangular structure, 310-drainage pipe / hole, 320-reinforced concrete structure, 330-brick structure, and 400-concrete cushion layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the implementation of this utility model. However, these descriptions do not constitute a limitation of the present utility model and are merely illustrative. Furthermore, the advantages of this utility model will become clearer and easier to understand through this description.

[0023] Referring to the attached drawings, a culvert structure integrating reverse filtration drainage and triangular support is characterized by comprising: a concrete bottom slab 100 of the spillway, a composite reverse filtration drainage body 200 disposed at the bottom of the concrete bottom slab 100 of the spillway, a triangular structure 300 with its apex embedded at the bottom of the composite reverse filtration drainage body 200, and a concrete cushion layer 400 disposed at the bottom of the triangular structure 300. The triangular structure 300 adopts a triangular cross-section, and the upper load is effectively transferred to the foundation through the stable triangular force system, ensuring the structural bearing capacity. Multiple drainage pipes / holes 310 are arranged at intervals along the hypotenuse on both sides of the triangular structure 300. One end of each drainage pipe / hole 310 penetrates the top of the side wall of the triangular structure 300, and the other end is connected to the inner cavity of the triangular structure 300. After being purified by each filter layer, the seepage enters the internal space of the triangular structure 300 through the drainage pipes / holes 310 on the side wall of the triangular structure 300 and is collected and discharged, thereby constructing a permanent drainage system that integrates efficient reverse filtration drainage, high structural bearing capacity and long service life.

[0024] The composite reverse filter drainage body 200 includes, from top to bottom, a coarse sand layer 210, a small stone layer 220, and a large stone layer 230; the bottom shape of the large stone layer 230 matches the shape of the triangular structure 300.

[0025] The coarse sand layer 210 is laid with coarse sand with a particle size of 0.5-2.0mm and a thickness of 50mm; the small stone layer 220 is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 5-20mm and a thickness of 250mm; the large stone layer 230 is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 20-60mm and a thickness of 300mm; thus forming a composite reverse filtration drainage body 200 with good gradation, which ensures smooth drainage and achieves an effective self-reverse filtration function; The triangular structure 300 adopts an isosceles triangle or equilateral triangle cross section, and the vertex angle of the triangular structure 300 ranges from 45° to 90°; the longitudinal slope of the triangular structure 300 is consistent with the slope of the concrete bottom slab 100 of the spillway.

[0026] The vertex angle of the triangular structure 300 is 60°.

[0027] The triangular structure 300 is either a reinforced concrete structure 320 or a brick structure 330.

[0028] The drain pipe / hole 310 is a PVC drain pipe with an inner diameter of 80mm, and adjacent PVC drain pipes are pre-embedded in the side wall of the triangular structure 300 at a interval of 1.5m.

[0029] In practical use, the construction method of this utility model includes the following steps: Step 1, Foundation Treatment and Structural Positioning: First, on the accepted spillway foundation, the center axis and excavation boundary of the drainage ditch are determined by measuring and setting out according to the design coordinates; the foundation trench is formed by mechanical excavation, and the bottom elevation and slope of the foundation trench should meet the design requirements. Step 2, Construction of the triangular structure: A concrete foundation 400 is laid in the excavated foundation trench; a triangular structure 300 is constructed in the foundation trench; when the triangular structure 300 adopts a reinforced concrete structure 320, the triangular steel reinforcement skeleton is tied first, and then the template is erected. PVC drainage pipes with an inner diameter of 80mm are pre-embedded every 1.5m along both sides of the triangular structure 30. When the triangular structure 300 adopts the brick masonry structure 330, it is constructed using perforated MU10 bricks and M10 cement mortar according to the triangular outline. After the concrete is poured or the masonry is completed, it should be cured as required.

[0030] Step 3, Construction of the filter layer: On the top of the triangular structure 300, the filter material is laid in layers according to the design requirements; first, a layer of large stones 230, 300mm thick, is laid, using crushed stone with a particle size of 20-60mm; then, a layer of small stones 220, 250mm thick, is laid, using crushed stone with a particle size of 5-20mm; finally, a layer of coarse sand 210, 50mm thick, is laid, using coarse sand with a particle size of 0.5-2.0mm. Each layer of material should be laid in a distinct manner and should not be mixed; a flatness test should be performed after each layer is laid. Step 4, Construction of the spillway base slab: A 100mm steel mesh is tied to the concrete base slab of the spillway on the coarse sand layer 210, and the thickness of the steel reinforcement protective layer is controlled according to the design requirements; after the side formwork is erected, the concrete is poured; before the initial setting of the concrete, the surface is smoothed, and after the final setting, it is covered and cured in time; the construction of this utility model is completed.

[0031] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: During operation, the seepage water first undergoes preliminary filtration through the coarse sand layer 210, trapping most of the suspended particles; then, the seepage flows sequentially through the small stone layer 220 and the large stone layer 230, completing further purification and collection in the process. Finally, the filtered water enters the internal space of the triangular structure 300 through the drain pipe / hole 310 and is automatically discharged from the system based on the designed slope.

[0032] In summary, this utility model innovatively adopts a triangular structure 300 with a drainage pipe / hole 310. This structure effectively distributes the upper load to the foundation through the force transmission mechanism of the hypotenuse by utilizing the inherent geometric stability of the triangle, significantly improving the load-bearing capacity and long-term stability of the structure. The filtered seepage water flows into the triangular structure through the drainage pipe / hole 310 and is discharged in an orderly manner, forming a permanent drainage system that integrates efficient drainage, automatic backfiltration, and high-strength structure, fundamentally solving the technical problems of insufficient structural strength and limited service life of traditional drainage systems.

[0033] All other unspecified parts belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A concealed ditch structure integrating reverse filtration drainage and triangular support, characterized in that: Includes a spillway concrete base slab (100), a composite reverse filter drainage body (200) set at the bottom of the spillway concrete base slab (100), a triangular structure (300) with its apex embedded at the bottom of the composite reverse filter drainage body (200), and a concrete cushion layer (400) set at the bottom of the triangular structure (300). The triangular structure (300) adopts a triangular cross section, and multiple drainage pipes / holes (310) are arranged at intervals along the hypotenuse on both sides of the triangular structure (300); one end of the drainage pipe / hole (310) passes through the top of the side wall of the triangular structure (300), and the other end communicates with the inner cavity of the triangular structure (300).

2. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite reverse filter drainage body (200) includes, from top to bottom, a coarse sand layer (210), a small stone layer (220), and a large stone layer (230); the bottom shape of the large stone layer (230) matches the shape of the triangular structure (300).

3. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coarse sand layer (210) is laid with coarse sand with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm and a thickness of 50 mm; the small stone layer (220) is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 5-20 mm and a thickness of 250 mm; the large stone layer (230) is laid with crushed stone with a particle size of 20-60 mm and a thickness of 300 mm.

4. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triangular structure (300) adopts an isosceles triangle or equilateral triangle cross section, and the vertex angle of the triangular structure (300) is in the range of 45°-90°; the longitudinal slope of the triangular structure (300) is consistent with the slope of the concrete bottom slab (100) of the spillway.

5. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertex angle of the triangular structure (300) is 60°.

6. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triangular structure (300) is a reinforced concrete structure (320) or a brick structure (330).

7. The integrated reverse filtration drainage and triangular load-bearing underground ditch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drain pipe / hole (310) is a PVC drain pipe with an inner diameter of 80mm, and adjacent PVC drain pipes are pre-embedded in the side wall of the triangular structure (300) with a spacing of 1.5m.

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