High efficiency desulfurization tower

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-efficiency desulfurization towers, comprising: cylindrical tower body, the tower body inside is sequentially provided with slurry pool assembly, flue gas inlet assembly, multistage spraying assembly, cyclone reinforcement assembly, fine desulfurization assembly and demisting assembly from bottom to top;The slurry pool assembly is located at the bottom of the tower body inside, for storing desulfurization slurry and carrying out oxidation reaction;The utility model passes through flue gas and is introduced and preliminary quenching after flue gas inlet assembly, enters multistage spraying assembly, in this area, through odd layer downward injection and even layer upward injection misregistration head-on design, make slurry droplet multiple collision and secondary breakage in space, significantly improve atomization degree and gas-liquid contact specific surface area;On the one hand, the actual residence time of flue gas in reaction zone is extended to about 1.5 times of traditional straight-line flow, on the other hand, flue gas is thrown to tower wall using centrifugal force, completely improve the short-circuit phenomenon that center flow rate is too fast and edge contact is insufficient, make tower flow field tend to be uniform.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a high -efficient desulfurizer belongs to desulfurizer technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass boiler flue gas has the characteristics of high temperature, large dust content and wide fluctuation range of sulfur dioxide concentration, and is usually purified by wet limestone-gypsum desulfurizer.

[0003] Most of the existing desulfurizers use multi-stage parallel flow spraying structure, and the flue gas flows basically in a straight line in the tower. Due to uneven distribution of flue gas flow rate, the flow rate in the center of the tower is too fast, resulting in short gas-liquid contact time, while the flow rate in the edge area of the tower wall is too slow, resulting in insufficient slurry coverage. This center-fast edge-slow flow field defect directly leads to small gas-liquid contact specific surface area and insufficient reaction. At the same time, the simple parallel flow spraying method cannot achieve secondary breaking and sufficient turbulence of liquid droplets, further limiting the absorption efficiency of sulfur dioxide. The above defects are interrelated and amplified layer by layer, ultimately leading to difficulty in stabilizing the desulfurization efficiency above 95%, especially when the biomass flue gas load fluctuates, the outlet sulfur dioxide concentration is easy to exceed the standard. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a high-efficiency desulfurizer to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: A high-efficiency desulfurizer comprises: A cylindrical tower body, the inside of the tower body is sequentially provided from bottom to top with a slurry pool assembly, a flue gas inlet assembly, a multi-stage spraying assembly, a cyclone strengthening assembly, a fine desulfurization assembly and a demisting assembly; The slurry pool assembly is located at the bottom of the inside of the tower body, used for storing desulfurization slurry and carrying out oxidation reaction; The flue gas inlet assembly is located above the slurry pool assembly, used for introducing flue gas, accelerating flue gas and carrying out preliminary emergency cooling spraying; The multi-stage spraying assembly is arranged above the flue gas inlet assembly, the multi-stage spraying assembly comprises a plurality of spraying layers arranged in staggered positions, the spraying layer comprises a spraying branch pipe and a nozzle, wherein the nozzle positions of adjacent spraying layers are arranged in staggered positions, at least one layer of spraying layer is provided with a first nozzle for downward spraying, and at least one layer of spraying layer is provided with a second nozzle for upward spraying, so that the upwardly sprayed slurry droplets and the downwardly flowing slurry droplets collide in space for the second time, increasing the gas-liquid contact specific surface area; The cyclone strengthening assembly is arranged between at least two layers of spraying layers of the multi-stage spraying assembly, used for forcing the flue gas to form spiral upward flow, prolonging the flue gas residence path and improving the flow field distribution in the tower. The fine desulfurization component is located above the multi-stage spraying component, for homogenizing the flue gas flow field and performing micro-fog fine desulfurization. The mist removal component is located above the fine desulfurization component, for removing liquid droplets carried in the flue gas, and the tower body top is provided with a clean flue gas outlet.

[0006] As a further improvement, the slurry pool component comprises a slurry tank, a stirrer and an oxidation air distribution pipe network, the slurry tank is a limestone slurry tank, the height of which accounts for - / - of the total height of the tower body, the stirrer is a side-in type suspended stirrer, and the oxidation air distribution pipe network is a ring-shaped oxidation air distribution pipe network, which is installed at a distance of 200-500 mm from the tower bottom, for introducing air into the slurry to promote the oxidation reaction to generate gypsum.

[0007] As a further improvement, the flue gas inlet component comprises a flue gas inlet flue, a reduced-diameter guide plate and a first spraying device, the reduced-diameter guide plate is a Venturi reduced-diameter guide plate, which is inclined at an angle of °-°, for guiding the horizontal flue gas to flow upward and generating local turbulence, and the first spraying device comprises a large-diameter nozzle, for flue gas quenching and washing large-particle fly ash.

[0008] As a further improvement, the multi-stage spraying component comprises at least four staggered spraying layers, the spacing between adjacent spraying layers is 1-2 m, the nozzle positions are staggered by 30°-60°, the odd-numbered spraying layers use the first nozzle, the even-numbered spraying layers use the second nozzle, and each layer of the spraying branch pipes is distributed in a fishbone shape in the horizontal plane.

[0009] As a further improvement, the rotational flow strengthening component comprises a rotational flow vane group, the rotational flow vane group is composed of a plurality of fixed vanes, the fixed vanes are arranged in a radial manner and fixed on the outer side of the rotating shaft in the middle of the tower wall support inside the cylindrical tower body, and the wind angle of the fixed vanes is 30°-60°.

[0010] As a further improvement, the wind angle of the fixed vanes is 45°, the fixed vanes are made of stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the rotational flow vane group is installed above the spraying branch pipes of the lower spraying layer.

[0011] As a further improvement, the fine desulfurization component comprises a pressure equalizing screen and a micro-fog nozzle layer above it, the pressure equalizing screen is a multi-hole pressure equalizing screen with a multi-hole plate structure, which is located above the uppermost spraying layer at a distance of -m, for forcibly flattening the airflow to make the flue gas flow upward at a constant speed, and the micro-fog nozzle layer comprises a plurality of high-pressure micro-fog nozzles, for generating fine fog droplets to perform fine desulfurization.

[0012] As a further improvement, the mist removal component comprises a primary coarse mist remover, a secondary fine mist remover and a flushing water component, both the primary coarse mist remover and the secondary fine mist remover are baffle mist removers.

[0013] As a further improvement, the flush water assembly includes a pressure sensor and flush water line for automatically initiating a flush when a pressure differential exceeds a threshold value, with the slurry under flush returning to the slurry pool assembly.

[0014] As a further improvement, the spray layers of the lowermost first tier of the multi-stage spray assembly are 1-2 m from the top end of the flue gas inlet.

[0015] Advantages: The present utility model discloses a high-efficiency desulfurization tower, which comprises a flue gas inlet assembly, a multi-stage spray assembly, a cyclone strengthening assembly, a fine desulfurization assembly and a demisting assembly. Meanwhile, the cyclone strengthening assembly forces the flue gas to form a spiral upward path, which on one hand prolongs the actual residence time of the flue gas in the reaction zone to about 1.5 times of that of the conventional straight-line flow, and on the other hand uses centrifugal force to throw the flue gas to the tower wall, completely improves the short circuit phenomenon of too fast central flow speed and insufficient edge contact, and makes the flow field in the tower tend to be uniform. Subsequently, the fine desulfurization assembly homogenizes the gas flow through the pressure equalization screen and performs the final fine desulfurization in the form of micro-mist, further capturing residual sulfur dioxide. Finally, the demisting assembly removes the liquid droplets carried to achieve standard emission.

[0016] Compared with the conventional multi-stage parallel flow spray desulfurization tower, under the same tower height and slurry circulation conditions, the gas-liquid contact efficiency is greatly improved, the sulfur dioxide removal rate can be stably reached above 98%, and the outlet concentration is controlled at 35 mg / Nm 3 In the following, especially when the biomass boiler flue gas load fluctuates by 20%-30%, the high-efficiency and stable operation is still maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present utility model, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation to the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a high-efficiency desulfurization tower cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 is a high-efficiency desulfurization tower three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 3This is a detailed structural diagram of a high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a top-view enlarged structural diagram of a spray layer according to this utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top-view magnified structural diagram of a pressure equalization screen according to this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the swirl blade assembly of a high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to this utility model.

[0024] 1. Tower body; 2. Slurry tank assembly; 21. Slurry tank; 22. Agitator; 23. Oxidation gas distribution network; 3. Flue gas inlet assembly; 31. Flue gas inlet duct; 32. Reduced diameter guide plate; 33. First spray device; 4. Multi-stage spray assembly; 41. Spray layer; 415. First nozzle; 416. Second nozzle; 417. Spray branch pipe; 5. Swirl enhancement assembly; 51. Swirl blade assembly; 511. Fixed blade; 11. Tower wall support; 6. Fine desulfurization assembly; 61. Pressure equalization screen; 62. Micro-mist nozzle layer; 621. High-pressure micro-mist nozzle; 7. Demisting assembly; 71. First-stage coarse demister; 72. Second-stage fine demister; 73. Flushing water assembly; 731. Pressure sensor; 74. Clean flue gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely represents selected embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] Example Reference Figures 1-6 As shown, a high-efficiency desulfurization tower includes a cylindrical tower body 1. Inside the tower body 1, from bottom to top, there are a slurry pool assembly 2, a flue gas inlet assembly 3, a multi-stage spray assembly 4, a cyclone enhancement assembly 5, a fine desulfurization assembly 6, and a demister assembly 7. The slurry tank assembly 2 is located at the bottom inside the tower body 1 and is used to store the desulfurization slurry and carry out the oxidation reaction; The flue gas inlet assembly 3 is located above the slurry tank assembly 2 and is used to introduce flue gas, accelerate the flue gas and perform preliminary rapid cooling spray; The multi-stage spray assembly 4 is disposed above the flue gas inlet assembly 3. The multi-stage spray assembly 4 includes multiple staggered spray layers 41. Each spray layer 41 includes a spray branch pipe 417 and a nozzle. The nozzles of adjacent spray layers 41 are staggered. At least one spray layer 41 is provided with a first nozzle 415 that sprays downwards and at least one spray layer 41 is provided with a second nozzle 416 that sprays upwards. This allows the upwardly sprayed slurry droplets to collide with the downwardly flowing slurry droplets in space, increasing the gas-liquid contact surface area. The swirl enhancement component 5 is disposed between at least two spray layers 41 of the multi-stage spray component 4 to force the flue gas to form a spiral upward flow, prolong the flue gas residence path and improve the flow field distribution inside the tower. The fine desulfurization component 6 is located above the multi-stage spray component 4 and is used to homogenize the flue gas flow field and perform micro-mist fine desulfurization. The demister assembly 7 is located above the fine desulfurization assembly 6 and is used to remove liquid droplets carried in the flue gas. The top of the tower body 1 is provided with a clean flue gas outlet 74.

[0028] This embodiment specifically addresses the fundamental problem of low gas-liquid contact efficiency caused by uneven flow field distribution in the prior art.

[0029] First, the flue gas is introduced through the flue gas inlet component 3 and initially cooled, then enters the multi-stage spray component 4. In this area, through the staggered counter-flow design of odd-numbered layers spraying downwards and even-numbered layers spraying upwards, the slurry droplets collide multiple times and break up twice in the space, significantly improving the atomization degree and the gas-liquid contact surface area. Meanwhile, the swirl enhancement component 5 forces the flue gas to form a spiral upward path, which on the one hand extends the actual residence time of the flue gas in the reaction zone to about 1.5 times that of the traditional straight flow, and on the other hand uses centrifugal force to throw the flue gas toward the tower wall, which completely improves the short-circuit phenomenon of excessive central flow velocity and insufficient edge contact, making the flow field inside the tower more uniform. Subsequently, the fine desulfurization component 6 homogenizes the airflow through the equalization screen and performs final fine desulfurization in the form of micro-mist, further capturing residual sulfur dioxide; Finally, after the liquid droplets carried by the demisting component 7 are removed, the product meets the emission standards.

[0030] Compared with existing conventional multi-stage co-current spray desulfurization towers, this embodiment, under the same tower height and slurry circulation conditions, significantly improves gas-liquid contact efficiency, and the sulfur dioxide removal rate can stably reach over 98%, with the outlet concentration controlled at 35 mg / Nm³. 3 The system maintains high efficiency and stable operation, especially when the flue gas load of the biomass boiler flues by 20%-30%.

[0031] By leveraging the synergistic effect of misalignment and swirl coupling, and optimizing the flow field and enhancing contact, the core defects of existing technologies are solved, resulting in a substantial improvement in desulfurization performance. Furthermore, the structure is simple and easy to implement and maintain in engineering.

[0032] The slurry tank assembly 2 includes a slurry tank 21, an agitator 22, and an oxidation gas distribution network 23. The slurry tank 21 is a limestone slurry tank, and its height accounts for 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the total height of the tower body 1. The agitator 22 is a side-entry suspension agitator. The oxidation gas distribution network 23 is an annular oxidation gas distribution network installed 200-500 mm from the bottom of the tower to introduce air into the slurry to promote the oxidation reaction and generate gypsum. This structure ensures that the slurry is fully suspended at the bottom of the tower and maintains a uniform concentration, avoiding local pH fluctuations caused by slurry settling that could affect desulfurization stability. At the same time, the annular gas distribution network evenly introduces oxidizing air at a lower position, allowing calcium sulfite to be quickly converted into gypsum crystals, improving gypsum quality and preventing scaling at the bottom of the tower.

[0033] The height ratio and the limited gas distribution location further ensure that the oxidation reaction zone and the upper reaction zone are clearly separated, reducing the risk of insufficient oxygen carried by the flue gas, thereby maintaining the continuous and efficient operation of the entire desulfurization process.

[0034] The flue gas inlet assembly 3 includes a flue gas inlet duct 31, a reduced diameter guide plate 32, and a first spray device 33. The reduced diameter guide plate 32 is a Venturi reduced diameter guide plate with an inclination angle of 20°-40°, which is used to guide the transverse flue gas to flow upward and generate local turbulence. The first spray device 33 includes a large diameter nozzle, which is used for rapid cooling of flue gas and washing of large particulate fly ash.

[0035] The angled design of the reduced-diameter guide plate smoothly redirects the laterally entering biomass flue gas to an upward flow. Simultaneously, local acceleration and turbulence are generated in the reduced-diameter section, promoting initial mixing of the flue gas and the primary quench slurry. This achieves rapid cooling to near the adiabatic saturation temperature, preventing the high-temperature flue gas from directly impacting the upper spray layer and causing excessively rapid slurry evaporation. It effectively captures large particles of fly ash in the flue gas and settles them into the slurry tank assembly 2, reducing the burden on the upper spray layer and the demister assembly 7, extending the equipment's operating cycle and reducing maintenance frequency.

[0036] The multi-stage spray assembly 4 includes at least four staggered spray layers 41, with a spacing of 1-2m between adjacent spray layers 41 and nozzle positions staggered by 30°-60°. Odd-numbered spray layers 41 use first nozzles 415, and even-numbered spray layers 41 use second nozzles 416. Each spray branch pipe 417 is distributed in a fishbone pattern on the horizontal plane.

[0037] The four-stage staggered arrangement and spacing control ensure sufficient reaction space for the flue gas between each layer, while the herringbone-shaped branch pipe distribution achieves uniform coverage across the entire cross-section, avoiding spray blind spots. The combination of downward spraying in odd-numbered layers and upward spraying in even-numbered layers causes the slurry droplets to collide and break up multiple times in the interlayer space, significantly improving atomization fineness and gas-liquid contact surface area, thereby greatly enhancing the sulfur dioxide absorption rate. The staggered nozzle positions further enhance the three-dimensional cross-distribution characteristics of the droplet distribution, solving the problem of insufficient gas-liquid co-flow contact in traditional co-current spraying, allowing the desulfurization reaction to proceed fully in the multi-stage spray zone.

[0038] The swirl enhancement component 5 includes a swirl blade group 51, which consists of multiple fixed blades 511. The fixed blades 511 are arranged radially and fixed to the outer side of the rotating shaft in the middle of the tower wall support 11 inside the cylindrical tower body 1. The windward angle of the fixed blades 511 is 30°-60°.

[0039] The radial arrangement of the fixed blades and the angle of attack ensure that the rising flue gas is subjected to a uniform tangential force as it passes through the component, forcing it to form a stable spiral upward airflow.

[0040] This airflow extends the actual path of the flue gas to about 1.5 times that of traditional straight flow, significantly increasing the residence time. On the other hand, it uses centrifugal force to throw the flue gas toward the edge of the tower wall, completely eliminating the short-circuiting phenomenon caused by excessive flow velocity in the central area and the dead zone problem caused by insufficient contact in the edge area, achieving a uniform distribution of the flow field inside the tower, and further enhancing the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency of the multi-stage spray assembly 4.

[0041] The fixed blade 511 has a windward angle of 45° and is made of stainless steel or fiberglass. The swirl blade assembly 51 is installed close to the spray branch pipe 417 of the lower spray layer 41. The 45° windward angle provides optimal path extension and centrifugal effect while ensuring a balance between swirl intensity and pressure drop. The stainless steel or fiberglass material ensures long-term corrosion resistance. The close installation above the lower spray branch pipe allows the swirling airflow to immediately and intensely mix with the falling slurry droplets from the upper layer, maximizing turbulence and increasing the sulfur dioxide absorption rate by 20%-30%.

[0042] The fine desulfurization component 6 includes a pressure equalization screen 61 and a micro-mist nozzle layer 62 above it. The pressure equalization screen 61 is a porous pressure equalization screen with a porous plate structure, located 0.5-1.2m above the uppermost spray layer 41, and is used to forcefully level the airflow so that the flue gas flows upward at a uniform speed. The micro-mist nozzle layer 62 includes multiple high-pressure micro-mist nozzles 621, which are used to generate fine mist droplets for fine desulfurization.

[0043] The porous equalizing screen 61 forces the rectified and swirling flue gas through the resistance of the orifice plate, allowing it to enter the micro-mist zone at a uniform velocity, thus preventing the rapid removal of micro-mist droplets by localized high-speed airflow. The high-pressure micro-mist nozzle 621 produces droplets with even smaller average particle size, further capturing the low-concentration sulfur dioxide remaining after multi-stage spraying, ensuring a stable outlet concentration of 35 mg / Nm³. 3 The following steps will achieve deep purification.

[0044] The demister assembly 7 includes a primary coarse demister 71, a secondary fine demister 72, and a flushing water assembly 73. Both the primary coarse demister 71 and the secondary fine demister 72 are baffle plate demisters. The series arrangement of the two-stage baffle plate demisters first captures larger droplets through the coarse demister, and then the fine demister removes fine droplets, effectively reducing the amount of slurry carried by the clean flue gas, preventing corrosion of downstream flue and chimney, and reducing slurry loss.

[0045] The folded plate demister does not rely on a filter medium; instead, it achieves separation by forcibly changing the airflow direction. Mist-laden gas enters a channel composed of multiple Z-shaped (or wavy) folded plates, forcing the airflow to repeatedly make sharp turns of 90° to 120° along the plate surface. Droplet separation occurs through inertia; the gas, due to its low density and inertia, can follow the airflow and change direction close to the plate surface; the droplets, due to their high density and inertia, cannot follow the airflow and their impact on the plate wall is the key separation mechanism. The impacting droplets gather on the plate surface to form a continuous liquid film, which flows along the plate surface to the bottom collection tank under the influence of gravity / airflow drag, and is eventually discharged. Since the folded plate demister is existing technology, it will not be described in detail further.

[0046] The flushing water assembly 73 includes a pressure sensor 731 and a flushing water pipeline, which is used to automatically start flushing when the pressure difference exceeds a threshold. The flushed slurry is then returned to the slurry tank assembly 2. The pressure sensor monitors changes in the pressure difference of the demister and triggers flushing in a timely manner to prevent gypsum scaling and blockage of the channels, ensuring long-term stable demister efficiency. The return and reuse of the flushing slurry further reduces operating costs and maintains the slurry balance of the system.

[0047] The lowest spray layer 41 of the multi-stage spray assembly 4 is 1-2m away from the top of the flue gas inlet. This distance ensures that the flue gas enters the first spray coverage area immediately after completing the initial rapid cooling and fly ash washing. This avoids damage to the nozzles caused by direct impact of high-temperature flue gas, and ensures that the gas-liquid reaction starts rapidly from above the inlet, maximizing the utilization rate of the effective reaction height in the tower.

[0048] The operation of a high-efficiency desulfurization tower is divided into three stages: startup, normal operation, and shutdown.

[0049] During the start-up phase, the prepared limestone slurry is first added to the slurry tank 21 until the liquid level reaches 80%-90% of the normal working height of the slurry pool component 2.

[0050] Then, stirrer 22 is turned on to keep the slurry in a uniform suspension state, and at the same time, oxidation blower is started to introduce air into the annular oxidation gas distribution network 23 to establish an oxidation atmosphere. After the pH value of the slurry stabilizes in the range of 5.5-6.0, the spray pumps of each layer are started in sequence to establish the slurry circulation pressure of the multi-stage spray assembly 4. The nozzles of the first spray device 33 and each spray layer 41 are opened layer by layer from bottom to top to ensure that the spray coverage of each layer is uniform and without blind spots. Finally, the baffle of the flue gas inlet duct 31 is opened to introduce the flue gas from the biomass boiler.

[0051] During normal operation, flue gas enters the tower body 1 laterally from the flue gas inlet flue 31, is immediately accelerated by the reduced diameter guide plate 32 and turns to flow upward. At the same time, it is rapidly cooled to near the adiabatic saturation temperature by the large diameter nozzle of the first spray device 33. Large particles of fly ash are initially washed and settled into the slurry tank component 2.

[0052] The flue gas continues to enter the multi-stage spray assembly 4, and is first covered by the slurry sprayed downward by the first nozzle 415 of the odd-numbered spray layer 41 to carry out the coarse desulfurization reaction. The slurry, subsequently sprayed upwards through the second nozzle 416 of the even-numbered spray layers 41, undergoes violent collisions between upward and downward droplets in the interlayer space, resulting in secondary breakup and intense turbulence, significantly improving sulfur dioxide absorption efficiency. The flue gas carrying the slurry droplets continues to rise, where it is guided by the fixed blades 511 at the swirl enhancement component 5, rapidly forming a spiral upward airflow. This airflow has an extended residence path and is evenly distributed near the tower wall by centrifugal force, ensuring full contact with the upper spray droplets and further enhancing the mass transfer process.

[0053] After leaving the multi-stage spray assembly 4, the flue gas enters the fine desulfurization assembly 6, where it is first rectified into a uniform upward airflow by the porous equalizing screen 61, and then deeply purified by the fine mist droplets generated by the high-pressure micro-mist nozzles 621 of the micro-mist nozzle layer 62, ensuring that residual sulfur dioxide is effectively captured.

[0054] The purified flue gas enters the demister assembly 7 from the top, first passing through a coarse demister 71 to remove larger droplets, and then through a fine demister 72 to capture fine droplets. If the pressure difference of the demisters exceeds a set threshold, the pressure sensor 731 triggers the flushing water assembly 73 to automatically spray and flush the gas. The flushing slurry flows back along the tower wall to the slurry pool assembly 2 for recycling. Finally, the purified flue gas, after the droplets have been removed, is discharged from the purified flue gas outlet 74 at the top of the tower body 1, with the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet stably controlled at 35 mg / Nm³. 3 the following.

[0055] During the shutdown phase, the damper of flue gas inlet duct 31 is gradually closed to cut off the entry of flue gas, while the multi-stage spray assembly 4 is kept running for 5-10 minutes to flush the inside of the tower. Then, the spray pumps are stopped layer by layer, while the agitator 22 and oxidation blower are kept running for a short time to maintain the slurry quality, and finally the entire unit is shut down.

[0056] In actual operation, independent or parallel slurry circulation pump sets need to be set up, and each spray layer has a corresponding dedicated branch pipe and flow regulating valve to achieve independent control of the spray volume of each layer and avoid the entire tower from shutting down due to pump failure.

[0057] The slurry tank component 2 is equipped with a pH meter, a density meter, and a level gauge, along with a fresh limestone slurry supply and gypsum discharge structure, to automatically adjust the slurry pH value to 5.4-5.8 and the density to 1080-1150 kg / m³, ensuring optimal conditions for absorption reaction and gypsum crystallization.

[0058] The tower body 1 and its internal components are in long-term contact with acidic slurry and chlorine-containing flue gas. Therefore, the lower part of the tower body is lined with glass flakes or rubber, while the upper part above the spray zone is made of 316L stainless steel or fiberglass to improve the overall corrosion resistance and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0059] The swirl enhancement component 5 and the multi-stage staggered spraying increase system resistance, resulting in an overall tower pressure drop of approximately 1200-1800 Pa. It should be further noted that by optimizing the blade angle of attack, nozzle selection, and circulating slurry volume control, the optimal balance between system resistance and desulfurization efficiency can be achieved. A higher desulfurization rate can be achieved by controlling the circulating slurry volume to 1.1-1.2 times that of a traditional tower.

[0060] In addition, tower body 1 should be equipped with multiple maintenance manholes, platforms, and ladders to facilitate regular inspection and replacement of nozzles, demisters, and swirl blade assemblies. Overflow and emergency discharge outlets should also be provided in the slurry tank assembly 2 to prevent slurry overflow in case of excessively high liquid levels or malfunctions.

[0061] This desulfurization tower is suitable for inlet sulfur dioxide concentrations of 200-2000 mg / Nm³, flue gas temperatures of 120-180℃, and dust concentrations of 50-200 mg / Nm³. 3 For biomass boiler flue gas, when the flue gas parameters exceed this range, stable operation can be achieved by adjusting the circulating slurry volume or increasing the quench water volume. However, since this component is a standard feature in this field, it will not be described in detail.

[0062] It should be noted that the device structure and accompanying drawings of this utility model mainly describe the principle of this utility model. In terms of the technical aspects of this design principle, the setting of the power mechanism, power supply system and control system of the device is not fully described. However, under the premise that those skilled in the art understand the principle of the above utility model, the specific details of its power mechanism, power supply system and control system can be clearly understood. The control method in the application document is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by those skilled in the art through simple programming. All standard parts used can be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the instructions and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the existing technology. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the existing technology, and the structure and principle of the components known to those skilled in the art can be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower, characterized in that, include: The tower body (1) is provided with, from bottom to top, a slurry pool assembly (2), a flue gas inlet assembly (3), a multi-stage spray assembly (4), a cyclone enhancement assembly (5), a fine desulfurization assembly (6), and a demisting assembly (7). The slurry tank assembly (2) is located at the bottom inside the tower body (1) and is used to store desulfurization slurry and carry out oxidation reaction; The flue gas inlet assembly (3) is located above the slurry tank assembly (2) and is used to introduce flue gas, accelerate the flue gas and perform preliminary rapid cooling spray; The multi-stage spray assembly (4) is disposed above the flue gas inlet assembly (3). The multi-stage spray assembly (4) includes multiple staggered spray layers (41). Each spray layer (41) includes a spray branch pipe (417) and a nozzle. The nozzles of adjacent spray layers (41) are staggered. At least one spray layer (41) is provided with a first nozzle (415) that sprays downwards, and at least one spray layer (41) is provided with a second nozzle (416) that sprays upwards. This allows the upwardly sprayed slurry droplets to collide with the downwardly flowing slurry droplets in space, increasing the gas-liquid contact surface area. The swirl enhancement component (5) is disposed between at least two spray layers (41) of the multi-stage spray component (4) to force the flue gas to form a spiral upward flow, extend the flue gas residence path and improve the flow field distribution inside the tower. The fine desulfurization component (6) is located above the multi-stage spray component (4) and is used to homogenize the flue gas flow field and perform micro-mist fine desulfurization; The demister assembly (7) is located above the fine desulfurization assembly (6) and is used to remove droplets carried in the flue gas. The top of the tower body (1) is provided with a clean flue gas outlet (74).

2. The high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slurry tank assembly (2) includes a slurry tank (21), an agitator (22), and an oxidation gas distribution network (23). The slurry tank (21) is a limestone slurry tank, and its height accounts for 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the total height of the tower body (1). The agitator (22) is a side-entry suspension agitator. The oxidation gas distribution network (23) is an annular oxidation gas distribution network, installed at a distance of 200-500mm from the bottom of the tower, and is used to introduce air into the slurry to promote the oxidation reaction and generate gypsum.

3. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The flue gas inlet assembly (3) includes a flue gas inlet duct (31), a reduced diameter guide plate (32), and a first spray device (33). The reduced diameter guide plate (32) is a Venturi reduced diameter guide plate with an inclination angle of 20°-40°, which is used to guide the transverse flue gas to flow upward and generate local turbulence. The first spray device (33) includes a large diameter nozzle, which is used for rapid cooling of flue gas and washing of large particulate fly ash.

4. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-stage spray assembly (4) includes at least four staggered spray layers (41), with a spacing of 1-2m between adjacent spray layers (41), and the nozzle positions are staggered by 30°-60°. Odd-numbered spray layers (41) use the first nozzle (415), and even-numbered spray layers (41) use the second nozzle (416). Each spray branch pipe (417) is distributed in a fishbone pattern on the horizontal plane.

5. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirl enhancement component (5) includes a swirl blade group (51), which is composed of multiple fixed blades (511). The fixed blades (511) are arranged radially and fixed on the outer side of the rotating shaft in the middle of the tower wall support (11) inside the cylindrical tower body (1). The windward angle of the fixed blades (511) is 30°-60°.

6. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixed blade (511) has a windward angle of 45° and is made of stainless steel or fiberglass. The swirl blade assembly (51) is installed above the spray branch pipe (417) of the lower spray layer (41).

7. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fine desulfurization component (6) includes a pressure equalization screen (61) and a micro-mist nozzle layer (62) above it. The pressure equalization screen (61) is a porous pressure equalization screen with a porous plate structure, located 0.5-1.2m above the uppermost spray layer (41), and is used to forcefully level the airflow so that the flue gas flows upward at a uniform speed. The micro-mist nozzle layer (62) includes multiple high-pressure micro-mist nozzles (621) for generating fine mist droplets for fine desulfurization.

8. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The demisting assembly (7) includes a primary coarse demister (71), a secondary fine demister (72), and a flushing water assembly (73). Both the primary coarse demister (71) and the secondary fine demister (72) are baffle plate demisters.

9. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flushing water assembly (73) includes a pressure sensor (731) and a flushing water pipeline, which is used to automatically start flushing when the pressure difference exceeds a threshold, and the flushed slurry is returned to the slurry tank assembly (2).

10. A high-efficiency desulfurization tower according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lowest first spray layer (41) of the multi-stage spray assembly (4) is 1-2m away from the top of the flue gas inlet.

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