Collaborative spacer for mixed charge to improve the reliability of the booster

Abstract

The utility model discloses mixed charge cooperative spacer of improving the reliability of transmission of explosion, it includes main casing, waveguide structure and buffer layer, main casing is cylindrical, is equipped with through hole and spiral fairlead, and two ends have annular inlay groove, waveguide structure is composed of stepped conical reflecting surface, and the reflecting surface angle is fifteen to forty -five degrees, and buffer layer is covered in the main casing outside, adopts the high polymer elastic compound of shore's hardness sixty -five to eighty -five. The present application can improve the conduction stability of detonation wave in multistage charge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of equipment for blasting engineering, and in particular to a mixed charge coordinating spacer for improving the reliability of detonation transmission. Background Technology

[0002] Mixed explosive charges are widely used in blasting engineering. Their charge structure typically includes a main charge section and detonation transmission elements. To ensure reliable initiation, spacers are often installed in the charge to separate different charge sections or adjust the detonation wave propagation characteristics. Cooperative spacers, as one structural form, are mainly used to maintain the charge geometry and assist in the stability of the detonation transmission process. In practical applications, the detonation transmission reliability of mixed explosive charges is affected by various factors, including the mechanical properties of the spacer material, structural compatibility, and the efficiency of detonation wave transmission. Existing cooperative spacers mostly use a single material or fixed geometric configuration. Under specific charge conditions, their blocking or attenuation effect on the detonation wave may affect the effective initiation of adjacent charge sections, leading to certain uncertainties in the detonation transmission process. Especially in long-distance or multi-stage charge scenarios, this limitation may adversely affect the overall blasting effect. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a mixed-charge coordinating spacer that improves the reliability of detonation transmission and solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] This invention is achieved by providing a mixed-charge coordinating spacer that improves detonation transmission reliability, comprising a main shell, a waveguide structure, and a buffer layer, wherein:

[0005] The main shell is cylindrical, with an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of the charge column. It has annular fitting grooves on both ends for close contact with adjacent charge segments. A through-hole is provided at the axial center of the main shell, and the inner wall of the through-hole is provided with spiral guide ribs to guide the detonation products to advance stably along the axial direction.

[0006] The waveguide structure is located inside the main shell cavity and consists of multiple staggered conical reflecting surfaces. Each reflecting surface is distributed in a stepped manner along the axial direction, with gaps between adjacent reflecting surfaces. The width of these gaps gradually increases from the inlet end to the outlet end. The angle between the generatrix of each reflecting surface and the axis of the main shell is between 15 and 45 degrees, which is used to refract and concentrate the incident detonation wave multiple times, thereby enhancing its momentum density for forward propagation.

[0007] The buffer layer covers the outside of the main shell, has a uniform thickness, and is made of a high-molecular elastic composite material with a Shore hardness range of 65 to 85. It can undergo controllable deformation when subjected to high-pressure impact, absorb some radial stress, and prevent the charge column from cracking or displacing due to local stress concentration.

[0008] Optionally, the main housing is composed of two split cylindrical sections spliced ​​together, with the splicing surface located at the midpoint of the axial direction. The splicing point is provided with an annular flange and a groove that interlock with each other. A metal clamp is fitted on the outside of the flange, and the two ends of the clamp are locked with screws, which facilitates on-site assembly and replacement of the internal waveguide structure.

[0009] Optionally, the waveguide structure further includes support ribs, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the main housing, and there are four support ribs. One end of each rib is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main housing, and the other end extends to the root of the innermost reflective surface, so as to strengthen the structural stability of the reflective surface under high pressure.

[0010] Optionally, the outer surface of the buffer layer is provided with several longitudinal grooves. The groove depth is one-third of the total thickness of the buffer layer, the width is five millimeters, the spacing between adjacent grooves is ten millimeters, and the groove direction is parallel to the axis of the main shell. This is to provide a directional deformation path when under pressure, so as to prevent the buffer layer from slipping or peeling off as a whole.

[0011] Optionally, the inner side of the annular fitting groove at both ends of the main shell is provided with a sealing lip. The lip has a semi-circular cross section and is made of fluororubber. Its outer edge is slightly higher than the bottom surface of the fitting groove. After the propellant is loaded, it forms an airtight contact by interference fit to prevent detonation gas from leaking from the interface.

[0012] Optionally, the inlet end of the through-hole is provided with a flared section, the length of which is one-tenth of the total length of the main shell. Its inner diameter decreases linearly from the end face inward, and the minimum inner diameter is consistent with the subsequent straight pipe section, so as to smoothly transition the incoming flow direction and reduce the energy loss of the incident detonation wave when entering the spacer.

[0013] Optionally, the reflective surface of the waveguide structure is covered with a metal coating. The coating material is a copper-nickel alloy with a thickness of 0.2 mm. This coating has high reflectivity and good thermal stability, and can maintain reflection efficiency under high temperature and high pressure environments, thus extending the service life of the structure.

[0014] Optionally, a positioning ring platform is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the main housing. The outer diameter of the ring platform is larger than that of the main body of the main housing. Assembly through holes are symmetrically opened on both sides of the ring platform. Limiting pins are inserted in the through holes. The ends of the pins are engaged with the pre-set locking holes on the inner wall of the charge column to restrict the free movement of the spacer in the axial direction.

[0015] Optionally, an adhesive transition layer is provided between the buffer layer and the main shell. The transition layer material is an epoxy resin modified adhesive with a tensile strength of not less than 20 MPa and a shear strength of not less than 15 MPa after curing, to ensure that the buffer layer does not delaminate under extreme working conditions.

[0016] Optionally, the inner wall of the main shell near the outlet end is provided with an annular flow-blocking protrusion. The protrusion is one millimeter high and three millimeters wide. The top of the protrusion is flush with the end of the reflector surface to constrain the diffusion angle of the detonation products and promote their concentrated transfer of energy to the forward explosive section.

[0017] This utility model provides a mixed-charge coordinating spacer that improves the reliability of detonation transmission, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This mixed-charge co-convergence spacer, designed to enhance detonation transmission reliability, utilizes a stepped conical reflective surface structure within the main casing. This structure causes the incident detonation wave to undergo multiple oblique reflections and convergences during propagation, effectively compensating for energy dissipation caused by the homogeneity of materials or flat structures in traditional spacers. This enhances the axial continuity of the detonation pressure peak. The introduction of a buffer layer reduces the interfacial stress gradient of the charge during dynamic loading, minimizing the risk of detonation transmission interruption due to mechanical disturbances. The spiral guide ribs within the through-hole, combined with the inlet flaring section, optimize the flow field distribution, suppress vortex generation, and ensure the integrity of the detonation wave front. The combination of the positioning ring and limiting pins ensures the spacer maintains precise axial position throughout loading and detonation, preventing asymmetric detonation transmission caused by misalignment. The application of a metal coating enhances the functional durability of the reflective surface under high-temperature ablation conditions, enabling the device to maintain stable detonation transmission performance even after repeated use or in harsh environments. The synergistic effect of these structures significantly improves the initiation synchronization and blasting efficiency consistency of long-distance or multi-stage mixed-charge charges under complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the main housing and waveguide structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1. Main shell; 2. Waveguide structure; 3. Buffer layer; 4. Annular fitting groove; 5. Through-hole; 6. Spiral guide rib; 7. Conical reflector; 8. Gap; 9. Support rib; 10. Metal clamp; 11. Screw; 12. Longitudinal groove; 13. Sealing lip; 14. Flared section; 15. Metal plating; 16. Positioning ring platform; 17. Assembly through hole; 18. Limiting pin; 19. Bonding transition layer; 20. Annular flow-blocking protrusion; 21. Split-type cylinder; 22. Annular flange; 23. Groove; 24. Fluororubber. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This invention provides a mixed-charge coordinating spacer to improve detonation transmission reliability. This device is applied in multi-segment charge column structures to maintain stable propagation of the detonation wave between adjacent charge segments, reducing energy attenuation caused by the spacer's geometry or material properties, and improving detonation synchronization and blast consistency. In this embodiment, through the coordinated design of the internal structure of the main casing 1, the arrangement of the waveguide structure 2, and the covering method of the buffer layer 3, multiple physical effects are achieved, including enhanced axial propagation stability of detonation products, uniform distribution of interface stress, and strengthened structural anti-disturbance capability.

[0026] The main casing 1 is cylindrical in shape, and its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the propellant charge to ensure no significant gap after insertion. Each end face of the main casing 1 has an annular fitting groove 4. The annular fitting groove 4 has a rectangular groove structure with a depth of three millimeters and a width of five millimeters, used to accommodate the ends of adjacent propellant segments and form a tight fit. The inner side of the annular fitting groove 4 has a sealing lip 13. The sealing lip 13 has a semi-circular cross-section made of fluororubber 24, and its outer edge protrudes 0.5 millimeters above the bottom surface of the annular fitting groove 4. During the pressing of the propellant charge, it undergoes elastic deformation through interference fit, forming an airtight contact interface to prevent detonation gas leakage along the axial interface.

[0027] A through-hole 5 is provided at the axial center of the main shell 1, extending along the entire length of the main shell 1. The inner wall of the through-hole 5 is provided with spiral guide ribs 6, which extend continuously in a right-handed spiral along the inner wall of the through-hole 5. The pitch is 25 mm, the rib height is 1.5 mm, and the rib width is 2 mm. The surface of the spiral guide ribs 6 is smooth, without burrs or sharp angles, guiding the detonation products to flow stably along the axial direction, suppressing vortex generation, and maintaining the integrity of the detonation wavefront. The inlet end of the through-hole 5 is provided with a flared section 14, the length of which is one-tenth of the total length of the main shell 1. Its inner diameter decreases linearly from the end face inwards, with the minimum inner diameter consistent with the subsequent straight pipe section. The radius of curvature of the transition region is 3 mm, reducing energy loss caused by the abrupt change in cross-section when the incident detonation wave enters the spacer.

[0028] The waveguide structure 2 is located within the inner cavity of the main housing 1, in the space surrounding the through-hole 5. It consists of multiple conical reflecting surfaces 7, six in total, arranged in a stepped pattern along the axial direction of the main housing 1. A gap 8 is left between adjacent conical reflecting surfaces 7, with the width of the gap increasing sequentially from the inlet end to the outlet end: 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm respectively. The generatrix of each conical reflecting surface 7 forms a 30-degree angle with the axis of the main housing 1, with the apex of the cone facing the central axis of the through-hole 5 and the base fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main housing 1. The conical reflecting surface 7 is 2 mm thick, made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and covered with a copper-nickel alloy metal plating layer 15, 0.2 mm thick, which exhibits high reflectivity and good thermal stability, maintaining reflection efficiency under high temperature and high pressure environments and extending the service life of the structure.

[0029] The waveguide structure 2 also includes a support rib 9. The support rib 9 is evenly distributed along the inner wall of the main housing 1, and there are four of them. One end of each support rib 9 is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the main housing 1, and the other end extends to the root of the innermost conical reflector 7 and is welded to it. The support rib 9 is three millimeters thick and its height is flush with the maximum outer diameter of the conical reflector 7. It is used to strengthen the structural stability of the conical reflector 7 under high pressure impact load and prevent the reflector from buckling or breaking.

[0030] The main housing 1 is composed of two separate cylindrical sections 21 joined together at the midpoint of the axial direction. The joint surface has an interlocking structure between an annular flange 22 and a groove 23. The outer diameter of the annular flange 22 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the groove 23 by 0.2 mm, forming a slight interference fit to enhance axial tensile strength. A metal clamp 10 is fitted on the outer side of the annular flange 22. The metal clamp 10 is an open-type steel annular structure with ear plates at both ends. Through holes are opened on the ear plates, and screws 11 are used for locking. The screws 11 are M6, and the tightening torque is 10 N·m, which facilitates on-site disassembly and replacement of the internal waveguide structure 2 or maintenance and repair.

[0031] The buffer layer 3 covers the outer side of the main shell 1, with a uniform thickness of five millimeters. It is made of a high-molecular-weight elastic composite material with a Shore hardness of 70, enabling it to undergo controllable compressive deformation under high-pressure impact, absorbing some radial stress and preventing cracks or displacement of the charge column due to localized stress concentration. An adhesive transition layer 19 is provided between the buffer layer 3 and the main shell 1. The adhesive transition layer 19 is made of epoxy resin-modified adhesive, with a coating thickness of 0.5 millimeters. After curing, its tensile strength is 25 MPa and its shear strength is 18 MPa, ensuring that the buffer layer 3 does not delaminate under extreme operating conditions.

[0032] The outer surface of the buffer layer 3 is provided with a number of longitudinal grooves 12. There are twelve longitudinal grooves 12, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the main shell 1. The depth of each longitudinal groove 12 is one-third of the total thickness of the buffer layer 3, i.e., 1.7 mm, and the width is 5 mm. The spacing between adjacent longitudinal grooves 12 is 10 mm. The grooves are parallel to the axis of the main shell 1, providing a directional deformation path when under pressure, and preventing the buffer layer 3 from slipping or peeling off as a whole.

[0033] A positioning ring platform 16 is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the main casing 1. The outer diameter of the positioning ring platform 16 is 5 mm larger than that of the main body of the main casing 1. Two assembly through holes 17 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the ring platform. The diameter of the assembly through holes 17 is 8 mm, and the axis of the through holes is perpendicular to the axis of the main casing 1. A limiting pin 18 is inserted into the assembly through hole 17. The limiting pin 18 is a cylindrical steel part with a diameter of 7.8 mm and a length of 20 mm. The end is chamfered and it cooperates with the pre-set locking hole on the inner wall of the charge column. After insertion, it forms a mechanical limit, restricting the free movement of the spacer in the axial direction and ensuring that the precise axial position is maintained throughout the detonation process.

[0034] The inner wall of the main shell 1 near the outlet end is provided with an annular flow-blocking protrusion 20. The annular flow-blocking protrusion 20 is one millimeter high and three millimeters wide. Its top is flush with the end of the last stage conical reflector 7. The inner edge of the annular flow-blocking protrusion 20 is smoothly transitioned to the inner wall of the through-hole 5 with a radius of curvature of one millimeter. This constrains the diffusion angle of the detonation products, prompts them to concentrate and transfer energy to the forward explosive section, and improves energy utilization.

[0035] During assembly, the two separate cylindrical sections 21 are first joined axially, so that the annular flange 22 is embedded in the groove 23. Then, the metal clamp 10 is fitted in, and the screw 11 is tightened to the specified torque using a wrench. Next, the waveguide structure 2 is placed into the inner cavity of the main housing 1, the position of the support rib 9 is adjusted so that it fits against the inner wall of the main housing 1, and it is fixed by spot welding. Then, the bonding transition layer 19 is evenly coated on the outer wall of the main housing 1. After it has initially cured, the buffer layer 3 material is wrapped around it and appropriate pressure is applied to make it fit completely. Finally, the longitudinal groove 12 is processed on the surface of the buffer layer 3. After completing the above steps, the sealing lip 13 is installed in the annular fitting groove 4 at both ends of the main housing 1. The sealing lip 13 is pre-cured and embedded in the groove by snap-fit. Finally, the limiting pins 18 are inserted into the through holes 17 on both sides of the positioning ring platform 16, ready to be filled with the charge column.

[0036] During loading, the spacer is pushed axially into the predetermined position of the charge column until the end of the limiting pin 18 is engaged with the pre-set locking hole on the inner wall of the charge column. At this time, the annular fitting grooves 4 at both ends of the main shell 1 are tightly fitted with the ends of the front and rear charge sections, and the sealing lip 13 is deformed under pressure to form a sealing interface. During detonation, the detonation wave generated by the front charge column smoothly transitions through the flared section 14 at the inlet end of the through-hole 5 and enters the area of ​​the spiral guide rib 6, steadily advancing along the spiral trajectory. The detonation wave impacts the first-stage conical reflector 7, and after oblique reflection, part of the energy converges. Near the axis, the remaining energy continues to propagate forward and impact the next-stage conical reflector 7, undergoing multiple refraction and energy focusing processes, gradually increasing the momentum density. At the same time, the buffer layer 3 undergoes compressive deformation under radial impact, absorbing the peak interface stress and preventing the charge column from cracking. The annular flow-blocking protrusion 20 constrains the diffusion range of detonation products, concentrating their effect on the detonation point of the subsequent charge column, improving detonation reliability. The metal coating 15 maintains its reflective performance under high-temperature ablation conditions, ensuring functional stability in multiple uses or harsh environments.

[0037] The various structures of this invention work synergistically. The stepped arrangement of the conical reflective surface 7 achieves multiple reflections and energy convergence of the detonation wave, compensating for energy dissipation caused by the flat structure of traditional spacers. The spiral guide ribs 6, in conjunction with the flared section 14, optimize the flow field distribution, suppress vortex development, and maintain the integrity of the detonation wavefront. The design of the buffer layer 3 and its longitudinal grooves 12 reduces the interface stress gradient, minimizing the risk of detonation transmission interruption caused by mechanical disturbances. The combination of the positioning ring platform 16 and the limiting pin 18 ensures axial positioning accuracy, avoiding asymmetric detonation transmission caused by offset. The adhesive transition layer 19 enhances the adhesion of the buffer layer 3, preventing delamination failure. The sealing lip 13 creates an airtight interface, eliminating gas leakage that could affect detonation transmission efficiency. The split-type cylinder 21 and metal clamp 10 facilitate on-site maintenance and component replacement, adapting to different working conditions. These designs collectively ensure the synchronous initiation and consistent blasting performance of long-distance or multi-stage mixed-charge explosive charges under complex geological conditions.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation transmission reliability, characterized in that, It includes a main housing (1), a waveguide structure (2), and a buffer layer (3), wherein: The main shell (1) is cylindrical, with its outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the charge column. It has annular fitting grooves (4) on both ends, and a sealing lip (13) on the inner side of the annular fitting grooves (4). The main shell (1) has a through hole (5) at its axial center, and the inner wall of the through hole (5) is provided with spiral guide ribs (6). The waveguide structure (2) is located inside the main housing (1) and consists of multiple conical reflecting surfaces (7) arranged in a stepped manner along the axial direction. There is a gap (8) between adjacent conical reflecting surfaces (7). The width of the gap (8) gradually increases from the inlet end to the outlet end. The angle between the generatrix of each conical reflecting surface (7) and the axis of the main housing (1) is between 15 degrees and 45 degrees. The buffer layer (3) covers the outside of the main shell (1), has a uniform thickness, and is made of a high molecular elastic composite with a Shore hardness of 65 to 85.

2. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shell (1) is made up of two split cylindrical sections (21) spliced ​​together. The splicing surface is located at the midpoint of the axial direction. The splicing point is provided with an interlocking annular flange (22) and groove (23). A metal clamp (10) is fitted on the outside of the annular flange (22). The two ends of the metal clamp (10) are locked by screws (11).

3. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide structure (2) also includes a support rib (9). The support rib (9) is evenly distributed along the inner wall of the main shell (1) in four directions. One end of each support rib (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main shell (1), and the other end extends to the root of the innermost conical reflective surface (7).

4. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the buffer layer (3) is provided with several longitudinal grooves (12). The depth of the longitudinal grooves (12) is one-third of the total thickness of the buffer layer (3), the width is five millimeters, the spacing between adjacent longitudinal grooves (12) is ten millimeters, and the direction of the grooves is parallel to the axis of the main shell (1).

5. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the through-hole (5) is provided with a flared section (14). The length of the flared section (14) is one-tenth of the total length of the main shell (1). Its inner diameter decreases linearly from the end face inward, and the minimum inner diameter is consistent with the subsequent straight pipe section.

6. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical reflective surface (7) is covered with a metal coating (15), which is made of copper-nickel alloy and has a thickness of 0.2 mm.

7. The mixed-charge coordinating spacer for improving detonation reliability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main housing (1) has a positioning ring platform (16) in the middle of its outer wall. The positioning ring platform (16) has symmetrical assembly through holes (17) on both sides. A limiting pin (18) is inserted into the assembly through hole (17), and the end of the limiting pin (18) is engaged with a pre-set locking hole on the inner wall of the charge column.

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