Reservoir earth and rock dam body displacement monitoring and early warning system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of reservoir earth-rock dam body displacement monitoring early warning system, including dam body, further include: dam body displacement monitoring module, dam body stress and strain monitoring module, dam body environment and seepage monitoring module and automatic acquisition and early warning device.Each monitoring module is set to dam body and its periphery, for the deformation of dam body, stress, seepage and environmental parameter are comprehensively collected;Automatic acquisition and early warning device and each monitoring module electric connection, for automatically collecting, processing, storing and fusing the data of each monitoring module, and based on the early warning of multi-source data fusion analysis result is sent.This utility model realizes the real-time, automation, intelligent comprehensive monitoring and early warning to reservoir earth-rock dam safety state by multi-module cooperation and data fusion, effectively overcome the defect that traditional monitoring method dimension is single, real-time is poor and early warning mechanism is not perfect, significantly improve monitoring precision and engineering safety guarantee ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy project safety monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system. Background Technology

[0002] A dam is a water-retaining structure, specifically including earth dams, gravity dams, concrete-faced rockfill dams, and arch dams. Dams are mostly built on foundations with complex geological structures and uneven soil and rock properties. Under the influence of various loads and natural factors, the displacement, deformation, and safety status of dams are constantly changing. Dam deformation refers to the vertical settlement and horizontal displacement within the dam body. The relative displacement at different heights within the dam is the main cause of reservoir leakage and dam failure. When the relative displacement at different heights exceeds the normal range, it directly affects the safety of the dam. Therefore, monitoring the relative displacement at different heights within the dam is particularly important for effective early warning of internal dam deformation.

[0003] Current displacement monitoring of earth-rock dams in reservoirs suffers from the following technical deficiencies: Insufficient monitoring accuracy: Traditional levels are highly susceptible to environmental influences, and total stations have limited line-of-sight, making it difficult to capture minute deformations down to the meter level. Poor real-time performance: Low data collection frequency during manual inspections prevents near-real-time feedback, often only identifying potential problems when significant deformation occurs. Destructive installation: Some monitoring equipment requires drilling into the dam body, potentially affecting structural stability. Lack of multi-dimensional monitoring: Existing systems primarily focus on displacement in a single direction, lacking comprehensive analytical capabilities for three-dimensional deformation. Inadequate early warning mechanisms: Reliance on manual threshold judgments and a lack of intelligent analysis models result in high false alarm and false negative rates.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system that integrates multi-source monitoring, real-time data processing, and intelligent early warning. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a dam displacement monitoring and early warning system for earth-rock dams in reservoirs, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] According to this utility model, a reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system is provided, comprising a dam body, and further comprising: A dam displacement monitoring module is installed on the dam body to monitor the deformation and displacement of the dam body; The dam stress and strain monitoring module is installed inside the dam body to monitor the stress and strain state inside the dam body. The dam body environment and seepage monitoring module is installed in and around the dam body to monitor the environmental parameters and seepage status of the dam body; An automatic data acquisition and early warning device is installed on the dam body and electrically connected to the dam body displacement monitoring module, the dam body stress and strain monitoring module, and the dam body environment and seepage monitoring module. It is used to automatically acquire, process, store, and fuse data from each monitoring module, and issue early warnings based on the results of multi-source data fusion analysis.

[0007] Preferably, the dam displacement monitoring module includes: A first support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body, and a first fixed inclinometer and a second fixed inclinometer are symmetrically installed at the upper and lower ends of the first support rod; A navigation satellite system installed on the surface of the dam; In addition, a first static level, a second static level, and a third static level are set at different locations above the dam body.

[0008] Preferably, the navigation satellite system is electrically connected to the first hydrostatic level.

[0009] Preferably, the dam stress and strain monitoring module includes: A second support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body. An embedded strain gauge is installed at the top of the second support rod, a thermometer is installed in the middle, and a bedrock displacement gauge is installed at the bottom. In addition, a third support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body, and a steel bar is installed at the bottom end of the third support rod.

[0010] Preferably, the dam environment and seepage monitoring module includes: A water level gauge is installed on the side of the dam closest to the water source. A piezometer installed inside the dam body; Rain gauges installed on the surface of the dam; A water measuring weir installed on the outer side of the dam body; In addition, joint gauges are installed at the joints or cracks of the dam body.

[0011] Preferably, the gap gauge is electrically connected to the second hydrostatic level.

[0012] Preferably, the water measuring weir is electrically connected to the third hydrostatic level.

[0013] Preferably, the automatic data acquisition and early warning device includes an automatic data acquisition box, and the interior of the automatic data acquisition box is equipped with: The data acquisition module is used to collect the data monitored by each monitoring module; The storage and processing unit module is used to store data and run early warning algorithms; The communication module is used to send data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center; The power management module is used to manage the system's power supply; In addition, there is a lightning protection and safety module to ensure the system operates stably in harsh environments.

[0014] Preferably, the automatic data collection box is also provided with a sensor connector.

[0015] Preferably, the device also includes a solar panel installed on top of the dam body, which powers the automatic data acquisition and early warning device and each monitoring module.

[0016] The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system provided by this utility model achieves multi-parameter collaborative sensing and automated data acquisition of dam deformation, internal stress and strain, and seepage environment by setting displacement monitoring modules, dam stress and strain monitoring modules, dam environment and seepage monitoring modules, and automatic acquisition and early warning devices on the dam body. This ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data. Furthermore, the centralized processing and early warning by the automatic acquisition and early warning devices greatly improves the monitoring efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present utility model is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the automatic data acquisition box in the reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Dam body; 2. First support rod; 3. First fixed inclinometer; 4. Second fixed inclinometer; 5. Second support rod; 6. Embedded strain gauge; 7. Thermometer; 8. Bedrock displacement gauge; 9. Water level gauge; 10. Piezometer; 11. First static level; 12. Navigation satellite system; 13. Second static level; 14. Joint gauge; 15. Third static level; 16. Weir gauge; 17. Third support rod; 18. Reinforcement gauge; 19. Automatic data acquisition box; 20. Data acquisition module; 21. Communication module; 22. Power management module; 23. Storage and processing unit module; 24. Lightning protection and safety module; 25. Sensor connector; 26. Rain gauge; 27. Solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the various drawings, the same elements are indicated by the same or similar reference numerals. For clarity, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0022] This utility model provides a reservoir earth-rock dam body displacement monitoring and early warning system. See [link to relevant documentation] Figure 1 The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system includes dam body 1, and further includes: a dam body displacement monitoring module, a dam body stress and strain monitoring module, a dam body environment and seepage monitoring module, and an automatic data acquisition and early warning device. The dam body displacement monitoring module is installed on dam body 1 to monitor the deformation and displacement of dam body 1; the dam body stress and strain monitoring module is installed inside dam body 1 to monitor the stress and strain state inside dam body 1; the dam body environment and seepage monitoring module is installed on and around dam body 1 to monitor the environmental parameters and seepage state of dam body 1; the automatic data acquisition and early warning device is installed on dam body 1 and electrically connected to the dam body displacement monitoring module, the dam body stress and strain monitoring module, and the dam body environment and seepage monitoring module, for automatically acquiring, processing, storing, and fusing data from each monitoring module, and issuing early warnings based on the results of multi-source data fusion analysis.

[0023] The reservoir's earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system achieves comprehensive, three-dimensional monitoring of dam body 1 from its internal structure to its surface, and from structural deformation to environmental influencing factors, by installing dam body displacement monitoring modules, dam body stress and strain monitoring modules, and dam body environment and seepage monitoring modules on dam body 1. This multi-parameter collaborative monitoring system can comprehensively capture complete information on the health status of dam body 1, laying a solid data foundation for accurate early warning. Through automatic data acquisition and early warning devices, the system achieves uninterrupted automatic data acquisition, transmission, and processing around the clock, completely eliminating reliance on manual inspections. Once an anomaly is detected, the system can issue an early warning in a short time, realizing a fundamental shift from "post-event discovery" to "pre-event early warning," gaining valuable time for emergency response.

[0024] The dam displacement monitoring module includes: a first support rod 2 vertically installed inside the dam body 1, with a first fixed inclinometer 3 and a second fixed inclinometer 4 symmetrically installed at the upper and lower ends of the first support rod 2; a navigation satellite system 12 installed on the surface of the dam body 1; and a first static level 11, a second static level 13, and a third static level 15 installed at different positions above the dam body 1.

[0025] Specifically, a first support rod 2 is vertically embedded in a key section inside the dam body 1. A first fixed inclinometer 3 and a second fixed inclinometer 4 are symmetrically installed at the upper and lower ends of the first support rod 2, respectively. By measuring the change in the angle between the axis of the inclinometer tube and the plumb line, the horizontal displacement can be calculated, allowing for the monitoring of deep slippage in the dam body 1. By calculating the angle changes at different depth points, the horizontal displacement distribution curve of the dam body 1 along the depth direction can be accurately obtained, thereby effectively monitoring internal hidden dangers such as deep slippage and flexural deformation of the dam body 1. The arrangement of the dual inclinometers also provides data redundancy, improving the reliability of monitoring. A navigation satellite system 12 is installed at key points such as the surface and abutments of the dam body 1. The navigation satellite system 12 provides three-dimensional absolute displacement monitoring of the dam body 1 surface, supports all-weather automated measurement, and is suitable for large-scale deformation tracking. At the top of the dam body 1, along the extension direction of the dam body 1, a first static level 11, a second static level 13, and a third static level 15 are respectively arranged. The hydrostatic level is used to monitor the vertical displacement of dam body 1 with high precision. When uneven settlement occurs in dam body 1, the liquid level at each measuring point changes relative to the reference point. The high-precision liquid level sensor captures this minute change, thereby measuring the relative settlement difference between each point. The distribution of these three hydrostatic levels can accurately depict the longitudinal settlement profile of the dam crest. In this embodiment, the navigation satellite system 12 is electrically connected to the first hydrostatic level 11, realizing the data fusion of vertical relative settlement and horizontal absolute displacement. The navigation satellite system 12 provides a global coordinate frame, while the first hydrostatic level 11 provides higher precision relative changes. The combination of the two can more accurately calibrate and interpret the overall deformation field of dam body 1.

[0026] The dam stress and strain monitoring module includes: a second support rod 5 vertically installed inside the dam body 1, with an embedded strain gauge 6 installed at the upper part, a thermometer 7 installed in the middle, and a bedrock displacement gauge 8 installed at the lower part; and a third support rod 17 vertically installed inside the dam body 1, with a rebar gauge 18 installed at the bottom end of the third support rod 17.

[0027] Specifically, a second support rod 5 is vertically installed inside the dam body 1. An embedded strain gauge 6 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the second support rod 5. This embedded strain gauge 6 is a vibrating wire strain gauge, which can be permanently embedded inside the dam body 1. The natural frequency of its steel wire changes with the stress and strain, and the strain value of the dam body 1 can be calculated by measuring the frequency. The vibrating wire design gives it excellent long-term stability and resistance to electromagnetic interference. A thermometer 7 is installed in the middle of the second support rod 5 to synchronously monitor the temperature at the measurement point. The dam body 1 experiences thermal expansion and contraction when the temperature changes. The thermometer 7 can monitor the internal temperature field distribution of the dam body 1 in real time, providing a temperature correction coefficient for the strain data and eliminating spurious displacement signals caused by temperature. A bedrock displacement gauge 8 is installed below the second support rod 5. A bedrock displacement gauge 8 spans the contact surface between the dam body 1 and the bedrock, used for long-term and accurate monitoring of the opening degree (relative displacement) between the concrete of the dam body 1 and the foundation rock. This allows for monitoring the stability of the dam foundation, a key parameter for assessing the anti-sliding stability of the dam foundation and the risk of leakage at the contact surface. At critical stress points within the dam body 1, such as near the dam toe or heel, a third support rod 17 is vertically installed, with a reinforcement gauge 18 mounted at its bottom. The reinforcement gauge 18 monitors the bending moment and axial force of the supporting structure within the dam body 1, and monitors the stress state of the internal reinforcement. By analyzing the data from the reinforcement gauge 18, the stress state of key sections within the dam body 1 can be reconstructed, and the structural safety can be assessed.

[0028] The dam environment and seepage monitoring module includes: a water level gauge 9 installed on the side of the dam body 1 near the water source; a seepage pressure gauge 10 installed inside the dam body 1; a rain gauge 26 installed on the surface of the dam body 1; a water measuring weir gauge 16 installed on the outside side of the dam body 1; and a joint measuring gauge 14 installed at the joints or cracks of the dam body 1.

[0029] Specifically, a water level gauge 9 is installed on the side of dam body 1 closest to the water source. The water level gauge 9 is used to monitor changes in the groundwater level of dam body 1 and assess the effects of rainfall and reservoir seepage. Several piezometers 10 are installed inside dam body 1 and at the dam foundation. These measure the pore water pressure in the fill and foundation of dam body 1, reflecting the location of the phreatic line and the effectiveness of seepage prevention. The phreatic line is the core basis for analyzing dam slope stability and seepage safety. A rain gauge 26 is installed on dam body 1 to monitor rainfall amount and intensity. Rainfall is the main natural factor leading to rising reservoir water levels and increased water content in dam body 1. A weir gauge 16 is installed on the outer side of dam body 1. Used in conjunction with the piezometers 10, it quantifies the seepage flow of dam body 1, providing data support for seepage control. A sudden increase in seepage flow is an important precursor to seepage failure of dam body 1. Crack gauges 14 are installed at cracks or structural joints in dam body 1 to monitor changes in crack width and provide early warning of structural integrity risks. In this embodiment, the joint gauge 14 is electrically connected to the second hydrostatic level 13 to correlate the settlement and joint deformation data of the dam body 1. When uneven settlement occurs in the dam body 1, it can easily cause joints or cracks to open. Correlating these two data allows for direct analysis of the direct impact of settlement deformation on structural integrity and provides early warning of structural cracking risks. The weir gauge 16 is electrically connected to the third hydrostatic level 15 to correlate the settlement and seepage flow data of the dam body 1. Abnormal settlement of the dam body 1 may damage the seepage barrier, leading to changes in the seepage path and an increase in seepage flow. Correlating these two data allows for the exploration of the interaction between deformation and seepage, the two most critical failure modes, providing crucial evidence for determining the nature of the hazard.

[0030] See Figure 2 The automatic data acquisition and early warning device includes an automatic data acquisition box 19, which internally houses a data acquisition module 20, a storage and processing unit module 23, a communication module 21, a power management module 22, and a lightning protection and safety module 24. The data acquisition module 20 is used to acquire data monitored by each monitoring module; the storage and processing unit module 23 is used to store data and run early warning algorithms; the communication module 21 is used to send data and early warning information to a remote monitoring center; the power management module 22 is used to manage the system's power supply; and the lightning protection and safety module 24 can resist damage to the system from induced lightning strikes, ensuring stable operation of the system in harsh environments.

[0031] Specifically, the automatic data acquisition box 19 is equipped with sensor connectors. The automatic data acquisition box 19 is electrically connected to all sensors of each monitoring module via a cable network distributed throughout the dam body 1. Its internal data acquisition module 20, through the sensor connectors, is responsible for timed or triggered data acquisition and analog-to-digital conversion from all sensors. Because the system contains a wide variety of sensors, including embedded strain gauges 6 that output frequency signals, thermometers 7 that output analog signals, and navigation satellite systems 12 that output digital signals, their signal types, protocols, and electrical characteristics differ significantly; that is, the sensors are heterogeneous. To address this issue, the data acquisition module 20 integrates multi-channel, multi-type signal conditioning circuits and protocol conversion units. It can receive and convert these different signal standards, achieving unified acquisition of heterogeneous sensor data, and sending the standardized data to the storage and processing unit module 23. The storage and processing unit module 23 is configured to: calculate the comprehensive safety status index of the dam body 1 based on data from each monitoring module using a multi-source data fusion algorithm, and trigger an early warning when the index exceeds a preset threshold. The storage and processing unit module 23 performs preliminary processing, filtering, and storage on the received data. It establishes a database to permanently store all historical monitoring data. The core task of this module is to run a multi-source data fusion algorithm, which is not a simple threshold judgment but a comprehensive analysis model. Its workflow includes: Data preprocessing and standardization: filtering, removing outliers, unifying units, and aligning the spatiotemporal data of various sensors. Feature extraction: extracting key features from time series data, such as displacement rate, acceleration, seepage flow rate of change, and correlation functions. Correlation analysis: using statistical and machine learning methods to analyze the correlation between different physical quantities. For example, analyzing the lag relationship between reservoir water level rise and fall and horizontal displacement, or the coupling relationship between increased settlement and sudden increase in seepage flow. Comprehensive safety status index calculation: based on feature and correlation analysis, constructing a comprehensive evaluation function and outputting a quantitative index representing the overall safety status of dam 1. Early warning decision: comparing the real-time calculated safety status index with dynamic thresholds determined based on historical normal data and numerical simulation. When the index exceeds the limit or a specific abnormal pattern occurs, the system immediately triggers an early warning of the corresponding level. The communication module 21 uploads the processed data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center in real time. In one specific embodiment, the remote monitoring center is a cloud platform, and the communication module 21 uploads the data and early warning information to the cloud platform via a wireless network, allowing authorized users to access and view it anytime, anywhere via the network. This embodiment also includes a solar panel 27 installed on the top of the dam body 1. The solar panel 27 powers the automatic data acquisition and early warning device and each monitoring module. The solar panel 27 and the power management module 22 together constitute a reliable energy system, ensuring uninterrupted power supply in areas without mains power.The lightning protection and safety module 24 effectively resists lightning-induced overvoltage and surge impacts through power supply lightning protection, signal lightning protection and grounding measures, ensuring the safety of the system during the rainy season.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: By installing dam displacement monitoring modules, dam stress and strain monitoring modules, and dam environment and seepage monitoring modules on the dam body, comprehensive and multi-dimensional collaborative monitoring of the dam body from its interior to its surface, and from structural deformation to environmental influencing factors, has been achieved. This multi-parameter collaborative monitoring system can comprehensively capture complete information on the dam body's health status, laying a solid data foundation for accurate early warning.

[0033] The system, through its automatic data acquisition and early warning devices, enables continuous, 24 / 7 automatic data collection, transmission, and processing, completely eliminating reliance on manual inspections. Upon detecting data anomalies, the system can issue warnings within a short timeframe, achieving a fundamental shift from "post-event detection" to "pre-event warning," gaining valuable time for emergency response and improving the real-time nature and automation of monitoring.

[0034] The system employs a variety of high-precision sensors with an optimized layout. For example, a fixed inclinometer monitors deep horizontal displacement, a hydrostatic level monitors vertical settlement, and a navigation satellite system monitors absolute surface displacement; these three sensors complement and verify each other. Simultaneously, thermometers provide temperature compensation for strain data, eliminating spurious signals caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0035] The modular design makes the system structure clear, facilitating installation, maintenance, and expansion. Solar panels and a power management module ensure long-term stable operation in areas without mains power. Lightning protection and safety modules ensure the system's survivability in harsh outdoor environments, such as thunderstorms. These design features make this invention highly suitable for reservoir earth-rock dam projects in remote and complex environments, enhancing the system's engineering applicability and durability.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system, comprising the dam body, characterized in that, Also includes: A dam displacement monitoring module is installed on the dam body to monitor the deformation and displacement of the dam body; The dam stress and strain monitoring module is installed inside the dam body to monitor the stress and strain state inside the dam body. The dam body environment and seepage monitoring module is installed in and around the dam body to monitor the environmental parameters and seepage status of the dam body; An automatic data acquisition and early warning device is installed on the dam body and electrically connected to the dam body displacement monitoring module, the dam body stress and strain monitoring module, and the dam body environment and seepage monitoring module. It is used to automatically acquire, process, store, and fuse data from each monitoring module, and issue early warnings based on the results of multi-source data fusion analysis.

2. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dam displacement monitoring module includes: A first support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body, and a first fixed inclinometer and a second fixed inclinometer are symmetrically installed at the upper and lower ends of the first support rod; A navigation satellite system installed on the surface of the dam; In addition, a first static level, a second static level, and a third static level are set at different locations above the dam body.

3. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The navigation satellite system is electrically connected to the first hydrostatic level.

4. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dam stress and strain monitoring module includes: A second support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body. An embedded strain gauge is installed at the top of the second support rod, a thermometer is installed in the middle, and a bedrock displacement gauge is installed at the bottom. In addition, a third support rod is vertically installed inside the dam body, and a steel bar is installed at the bottom end of the third support rod.

5. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dam environment and seepage monitoring module includes: A water level gauge is installed on the side of the dam closest to the water source. A piezometer installed inside the dam body; Rain gauges installed on the surface of the dam; A water measuring weir installed on the outer side of the dam body; In addition, joint gauges are installed at the joints or cracks of the dam body.

6. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gap gauge is electrically connected to the second static level.

7. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water measuring weir is electrically connected to the third static level.

8. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic data acquisition and early warning device includes an automatic data acquisition box, and the interior of the automatic data acquisition box is equipped with: The data acquisition module is used to collect the data monitored by each monitoring module; The storage and processing unit module is used to store data and run early warning algorithms; The communication module is used to send data and early warning information to the remote monitoring center; The power management module is used to manage the system's power supply; In addition, there is a lightning protection and safety module to ensure the system operates stably in harsh environments.

9. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The automatic data collection box is also equipped with a sensor connector.

10. The reservoir earth-rock dam displacement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes solar panels installed on the top of the dam body, which are used to power the automatic data acquisition and early warning device and each monitoring module.

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