Traction measurement on traction sheave elevator systems

Abstract

Method for testing at least one operating parameter of an elevator system (1) equipped with a traction sheave drive, wherein an excess force (F2) is introduced into at least one first traction rope (6) of the elevator system (1) by means of at least one test device (5), thereby relieving at least one adjacent second traction rope (12) along a section and determining at least one measured value from which the operating parameter is inferred, wherein a first mass (m1) attached to the first traction rope (6) and the second traction rope (12) is placed and thus fixed in at least one transport direction of the elevator system (1), wherein the test device (5) is arranged on a suspension rope section of the first traction rope (6) between the first mass (m1) and a traction sheave (2), and with the traction sheave brake (4) applied, the traction capability of the elevator system (1) is determined as an operating parameter.wherein the test device (5) is attached by a fastening device at at least one point to a first drive rope (6) to be tested and is also attached to the adjacent drive ropes of the first drive rope (6) to be tested at at least one fixed point.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for checking operating parameters of an elevator installation with a traction sheave drive.Passenger and cargo elevators must be subjected to regular checks. Particularly in elevators with traction sheave drive, a traction capability of traction ropes on a traction sheave as well as a half load compensation must be checked.EP 0 390 972 B1 discloses a method for detecting physical characteristic variables of a load or transport elevator with traction sheave drive, wherein a cable pull is connected to a displacement sensor and the latter is connected to an evaluation unit provided with a timer. Furthermore, the evaluation unit is supplied with the control signals of the elevator control. From the determined physical characteristic variables and the travel variables and control signals, drivability and braking or catching travel are determined.EP 0 391 174 B2 describes a device and a method for determining kinematic data of elevators, such as travel path, speed and acceleration values and the driving capability. For this purpose, the device connected to a drive cable is accelerated or decelerated in a targeted manner during normal driving operation. In particular, the ascertained data can be output as a function of time.EP 0 573 432 B1 discloses a measured value pickup for detecting physical characteristic variables of a passenger or load elevator. The measurement pickup can be fastened to the elevator car of the elevator installation and has a memory unit and a so-called trigger module for initiating a measurement. By means of the measured value pickup, for example, acceleration values can be recorded.WO 2004 / 103880 A1 describes a test lever for measuring a driving capability of a traction sheave drive and for ascertaining acceleration values. For measuring the drivability, the test lever is fixed to the elevator rope. A part of the building or a part of the elevator installation forms a pivot point at which the test lever can be supported for the introduction of a force into a drive cable to be tested.DE 10 2004 029 133 A1 describes a lever which acts on an elevator cable and via which a force to be detected can be introduced into the drive cable to be tested.DE 10 2004 057 675 B3 describes a method for detecting the tensile force in tensioned drive cables. In this case, the tensioned drive cable is deflected by two deflection means and the tensile stress is determined by the bending moment exerted thereby.DE 10 2006 050 570 A1 is the post-published but earlier state of the art and describes a method for detecting the tensile force in tensioned drive cables.It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a device which simplify checking of operating parameters of an elevator installation with traction sheave drive.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 1 and by a device having the features of claim 9. Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the respective dependent claims and in the description.A method for checking at least one operating parameter of an elevator installation provided with a traction sheave drive is proposed, wherein an excess force is introduced into at least one first traction cable of the elevator installation by means of at least one checking device. At least one second adjacent drive cable is thereby relieved, preferably relieved by a defined amount. Furthermore, during this, a measured value is determined, preferably a first force is measured, which can act in particular in the test device. The operating parameter is deduced by means of the measured value. A further development provides that at least one measurement result is set in relation to at least one operating parameter of the elevator installation, wherein the determined operating parameter is compared with at least one predefined parameter. An operating parameter to be tested can be, in particular, a driving capability, a weight force or a half load compensation. In particular, in one embodiment, provision is made for the second drive cable adjacent to the tested first drive cable to be completely relieved of load in one section. In order to avoid damage to the first drive cable, in a further embodiment the first drive cable is not completely relieved. Rather, the desired operating parameter is deduced from the partial load consumption. By means of a tension measuring device, for example, the load relief of the second drive cable can furthermore be determined. On the basis of the determinable residual load of the second drive cable and the knife result which is ascertained on the first drive cable, it is possible to draw conclusions about the operating parameter or parameters to be checked.An advantage of the proposed method is that by relieving the load on the drive ropes or drive ropes adjacent to the first drive rope to be tested, preferably on the same side of the drive sheave drive and in particular on the same side as the first mass, a direct measurement of the required operating parameters can take place. For example, the weight force of a second mass fastened to the drive cable, such as the car or the counterweight, can be measured. The excess force which is introduced into the first drive cable in order to completely relieve the adjacent drive cables and, if appropriate, to deflect the first drive cable corresponds to the amount by weight of the mass suspended from the drive cable.By means of the proposed method, the drive cable to be tested is loaded by the excess force. In contrast to the method known from WO 2004 / 103880 A1, in which the drive cable to be tested is relieved and a conclusion about the frictional forces acting, for example, during the test of driveability can only be drawn indirectly via the relief. Rather, in the method proposed here, a force is introduced which is directly related to, for example, the frictional forces or the weight force to be tested.The excess force mentioned here is to be understood as a force which is introduced into a first drive cable in order to at least partially replace the cable forces from the adjacent drive cables which hold at least one mass, in order to bring about a relief of the adjacent drive cables. The excess force acts in the same direction as the rope forces in the first and the adjacent drive ropes.A further advantage of the proposed method is that tests of different operating parameters of the elevator installation can be carried out without a test device having to be fastened multiple times at different locations on the elevator installation. Furthermore, only one access to the drive ropes is necessary for measuring the operating parameters. Further parts of the elevator installation do not have to be used for the test method.In one embodiment, the excess force experiences a support, preferably a counter force, on at least one other drive cable. In a further development, the test device acts on the first drive cable and at least on a further drive cable, wherein, when the test device is actuated via the test device, tensile forces which are respectively opposed to one another are introduced into the first drive cable and the other drive cable.In one embodiment of the method, a first mass which is not to be tested and which is fastened to the first drive cable is fixed at least in a transport direction of the elevator installation. The first mass is placed on top. This prevents movement of the first mass during testing. On the other hand, the fixing makes it possible for the entire load of the second mass to be absorbed and for the drive cables to become completely free of stress at least in one section when relieved of load. Furthermore, due to the fixed first mass, no force is transmitted via the first drive cable to the second mass, which could distort the test result. In a further embodiment, the second mass to be tested is arranged in such a way that it is suspended freely and undelayed from the drive cables in particular in a shaft.For example, if the weight of the car is checked, the first mass is the mass of the counterweight and the second mass is the mass of the car. Likewise, the first mass can correspond to the car if, for example, the weight force of the counterweight is checked. The counterweight then corresponds to the second mass.In a further embodiment, the test device is arranged on a drive cable section, in particular of the first drive cable, between the first mass and the drive pulley. If, for example, in a subsequent step, the first drive cable is deflected, the force profile of the excess force introduced is guided via the drive pulley. Furthermore, in a further embodiment, it is provided to arrange the test device between the second mass to be tested and the traction sheave. In this arrangement, for example, when measuring the weight force of the second mass, possible friction losses that may be caused by the traction sheave do not also enter the measurement result.In a further embodiment, the excess force is introduced into the first drive cable in the direction of a first mass. This has the consequence that the drive cables adjacent to the first drive cable are relieved. In particular, the excess force introduced can be so great that the first drive cable is deflected and the second mass is raised.In a released traction sheave brake of the elevator installation, in a further embodiment which is not part of the invention, a car mass and / or a counterweight mass is checked. For this purpose, a traction sheave brake can be released for the test and an excess force introduced into the traction cable of such a magnitude that a second mass, i.e. the counterweight mass to be tested or the car mass to be tested, hangs to a defined extent on the first traction cable. In particular, the first force can be measured, which is preferably introduced into the test device or acts in the latter. The first force can also be determined, for example, by means of a strain gauge on a lever exhibited by the test device and therefore does not necessarily mean the excess force introduced into the first drive cable. However, by means of the known geometries of the testing device, it is possible to infer the excess force introduced into the first traction cable at least via the first force. A weight force of the second mass can thus also be determined by means of the measurement results. By releasing the traction sheave brake, a force introduced into the first traction rope can be impressed on the second mass almost loss-free via the traction sheave.According to one embodiment, the test device can in principle use a test lever, as can be seen from WO 2004 / 103880 A1, wherein in particular the measurement technique described there and the data transmission can be used. With regard to the test lever, reference is therefore made fully to this publication within the scope of the disclosure.Furthermore, according to the present invention, a driving capability of the elevator installation can be checked with an actuated traction sheave brake. A traction sheave brake is actuated and excess force introduced into the first traction sheave is increased until the first traction sheave begins to slip over the traction sheave. In one embodiment, the measured values are recorded during the test, wherein the static friction force of the drive cable on the drive sheave is determined by means of the maximum first force over the measurement period. This test method checks in which forces acting on the first drive cable slip through the first drive cable on the drive pulley.In a preferred embodiment, the test device remains arranged on the same drive cable between tests of at least two different operating parameters. Thus, the detection of various operating parameters is possible without a modification of the test apparatus. The testing of the elevator installation can thus be carried out more quickly and effectively.By means of the in particular arithmetic linkage of measured values, in particular of the drive cap of the drive sheave and of the weight of the second mass, a half load compensation can be determined. In one embodiment, this determination is carried out automatically, in particular by means of a computing unit which is integrated into the test apparatus or connected to the latter via a data connection.According to a further concept of the invention, a testing device for determining operating parameters of a lift installation is proposed, wherein the testing device has at least one cable deflection element and one force sensor element. The test device can be fastened to at least one drive cable of the elevator installation. Furthermore, an excess force can be introduced into the drive cable by means of the testing device. Furthermore, a first force can be measured by means of the force sensor element, which force acts in the test device and in particular has a direct or indirect influence on the excess force introduced into a first traction cable. The test device can be fastened at least to a further drive cable.The cable deflection element is used to relieve the drive cables adjacent to the first drive cable. In particular, the excess force is introduced into the first drive cable by means of the cable deflection element. The excess force can be so great that the adjacent drive ropes are only relieved by a certain amount or that the adjacent drive ropes are completely relieved. Preferably, the first drive cable is deflected by the cable deflection element and a second mass to be tested is raised.The cable deflection element is preferably attachable to the first drive cable at at least two points. According to the present invention, the cable deflection element can be fastened to at least one fixed point of the first drive cable and to at least one further arbitrary fixed point, in particular of the elevator installation. The fixed point on the elevator installation is formed by a drive cable adjacent to the first drive cable.In a first embodiment, the cable deflection element has a ratchet. In a further embodiment, the cable deflection element has a lever mechanism. In a further variant, a spindle is provided. Furthermore, in one embodiment of the cable deflection mechanism, it is provided that it has an actuator. The actuator can be designed as an electric motor or as a hydraulic or pneumatic element. In a further embodiment, the actuator has at least one electromagnet.For fastening the test device to at least one drive cable, the test device has, in one variant, cable fastening elements. In particular, these can have at least cable clamps. A configuration of the cable fastening device is also provided, which has at least rollers and / or sliding devices.For automatic evaluation of the measurement results and in particular for comparison with predetermined setpoint values of the operating parameters, the test apparatus has electronics. In particular, the electronics are connected to a computing unit which, according to one configuration, is integrated into the test apparatus. Furthermore, according to a further embodiment, the test apparatus can be connected to a computing unit which is exhibited by a personal digital assistant-also called PDA-or an in particular portable personal computer. The connection of the test device to the computing unit is provided via cable, radio and / or infrared if it is not present in an integrated manner.The aforementioned and further features are explained in more detail with reference to the following figures shown. However, the features shown in the figures are not limited to the individual configurations and are also not to be interpreted as limiting. Rather, the features indicated in the description of the figures and drawings can be linked to one another by those from the above description and to one another to form further configurations. In the following, identical or identically acting elements have the same reference numerals. They show in detail: FIG. 1 shows a lift installation with a drive pulley in a schematic view; FIG. 2 shows a test device configured as a lever with an evaluation electronics in a schematic view; FIG. 3 shows a first schematic view of a testing device with a spindle; FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a testing device with a ratchet; FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a test device with a toggle lever; FIG. 6 shows a second schematic view of a testing device with a spindle; FIG. 7 shows a first schematic view of a testing device with an eccentric lever; FIG. 8 shows a second schematic view of a testing device with an eccentric lever; and FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a testing device additionally attached to the drive ropes adjacent to the drive rope to be tested.FIG. 1 shows a lift installation 1 with a traction sheave drive, which has at least one traction sheave 2. Over the traction sheave 2 are guided traction ropes 3. Both a counterweight m1 and a car m2 are suspended from the traction ropes 3.To test the weight of the car, for example, a traction sheave brake 4 is released. Furthermore, the counterweight m 1 is placed on or fixed. This can be effected, for example, on a shaft base of the elevator installation, or by means of a device which prevents a further movement of the counterweight in at least one direction. A testing device 5, which is only roughly outlined here, is attached to a first traction cable 6. Specifically, the inspection device 5 is mounted on the side opposite to the car m 2. By means of the testing device 5, a deflection force F 1 is imposed on the drive cable, by means of which the first drive cable 6 can be deflected. The deflection force F 1 can be impressed on the drive cable perpendicular to the drive cable. Likewise, the deflection force F 1 can act on the drive cable at any other angle. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example, a force application parallel to the drive cable is also provided. An excess force F 2 introduced into the first traction cable brings about a relief of the adjacent traction cables and, if appropriate, a raising of the elevator car m 2. The car weight is thus supported entirely by the first traction cable 6. A measurement of, for example, the deflection force F 1 allows conclusions to be drawn about the weight force of the elevator car m 2. To determine the excess force introduced into the drive cable, it is also possible to measure other forces which act in particular in the test device and are directly or indirectly related to the excess force introduced into the first drive cable.For a measurement of the traction capability, the testing device 5 can remain fastened to the first traction cable 6 without the application of force to a traction cable. The counterweight m1 remains attached and the traction sheave brake 4 is actuated. A deflection force F 1 is now applied to the first drive cable 6 to be tested, which deflection force is increased iteratively or continuously until the first drive cable 6 begins to slip over the drive pulley 2. At least the maximum value of the excess force F 2 introduced into the first traction rope 6 is determined. The traction capability of the first traction cable 6 on the traction sheave 2 is derived from the maximum excess force F 2, by means of which the static friction force of the traction cable 6 on the traction sheave 2 can be determined.To determine a half load compensation m1.1, the forces determined, i.e. the weight force of the car and the static friction force, can be added. In particular, this can take place automatically after the checks of the corresponding operating parameters have been completed. If, for example, the weight force of the counterweight m1 is also determined, it is possible in this way to determine whether there is sufficient half-load compensation m1.1.To determine the weight force of the counterweight m 1, the test device 5 can remain fastened to the same drive cable. The elevator car m 2 is braked, in particular a safety brake of the elevator car m 2 can be actuated. Any braking of the counterweight m 1 is deactivated. Then, an excess force F 2 is introduced into the first drive cable 6, raising the counterweight m 1. The measurement data are recorded and evaluated analogously to the measurement of the car weight.FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of components of a test device 5, which is designed as a test lever. A cable clamp 7 is attached to a first drive cable 6. Furthermore, the test device 5 has a support 21, which is produced, for example, by means of at least one drive cable. A force sensor 20 comprising, for example, a strain gauge is arranged on the lever. The force sensor 20 measures a deflection force F 1 applied to the lever, which deflection force causes an excess force F 2 in the drive cable 6. The measurement result can be processed by an integrated circuit IC and output by means of an output unit 8. The output can be acoustic, optical and / or haptic. Furthermore, a transmission unit 9 can transmit data determined by the measurement or testing to a further data processing system 10. The data processing system 10 can be a private digital assistant-hereinafter PDA-or a personal computer. In particular, the PDA supports a radio transmission, whereby particularly user-friendly handling of the test apparatus is achieved.FIGS. 3 to 8 schematically illustrate different embodiments of the test device 5 and in particular of a cable deflection element which can be exhibited by the test device.FIG. 3 shows a testing device 5 which has a spindle 11 for generating a first force. The test device 5 is fastened by a fastening device, which can in particular have a cable clamp, at at least one point to a first drive cable 6 to be tested. Furthermore, the test device 5 is fastened to a further fixed point, which can likewise be arranged on the first drive cable 6 to be tested. It is furthermore provided that the checking device 5 can also be fastened to the adjacent drive ropes of the first drive rope 6 to be checked at at least one fixed point. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 9.When the spindle is actuated, for example by a motor or manually, an excess force F 2 is introduced into the first drive cable 6. This can lead to a deflection of the first drive cable 6, since the fixed points spaced vertically from one another are subjected to forces toward one another. Furthermore, the excess force F 2 introduced into the first drive cable 6 at least partially relieves at least one second drive cable 12 which is adjacent to the first drive cable 6 and is not to be tested.FIG. 4 shows a schematic testing device with a ratchet 13 exhibited by the cable deflection element. By actuating the ratchet, an excess force F 2 can likewise be introduced into the first drive cable. Further, FIG. 4 shows a tension measuring device 14 attached to a second drive cable 12. The tension measuring device 14 measures a tension of the second drive cable 12 for monitoring the relief of the second drive cable 12 when the excess force F 2 is introduced into the first drive cable 6.FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the test device 5 which has a cable deflection element with a toggle lever 15. The cable deflection element is fastened to at least the first drive cable 6 by means of sliding devices, rollers and / or cable clamps. By means of the toggle lever 15, a force F 3 is perpendicularly imposed on the first drive cable 6, which can cause a deflection of the first drive cable 6. A further embodiment, in which a force F 3 is generated by means of a spindle 16, is shown in FIG. 6. In further embodiments, the force F 3 is generated by means of magnets.Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows a load cell 19 which is arranged on the cable deflection element 5. This load cell 19 measures the force F 3 applied to the first traction rope 6.FIGS. 7 and 8 show different embodiments of eccentric levers 17, 18 of a testing device 5. In particular, a fastening device which faces the elevator car m 2 is designed as a roller or sliding element if, for example, the elevator car mass is to be determined. A load cell 19 is arranged on the eccentric lever 18, which has a strain gauge, for example. A force F 3 applied to the eccentric lever 18 can be determined by means of the load cell. A computing unit assigned to the test device 5 can infer the excess force F 2 introduced into the first traction cable 6 on the basis of the ascertained data and the geometry of the eccentric lever 18.FIG. 9 schematically shows a force introduction of an excess force F 2 into a first drive cable 6, wherein the testing device 5 is arranged both on the first drive cable 6 and on the adjacent second drive cables 12. The reaction force opposing the excess force F 2 is absorbed by the second drive ropes 12. It is also possible to use more than two adjacent drive cables or only a single adjacent drive cable for absorbing the reaction force. Furthermore, a configuration is provided in which the excess force F 2 is introduced into more than one drive cable. In particular, in one embodiment, the excess force F 2 can be introduced into all the drive ropes. The reaction force can be absorbed, for example, by a part of the elevator installation, as a result of which loading of the drive cables is minimized. If more than one drive cable is loaded during the test, the load on the individual drive cables is lower, which increases safety during the test. Furthermore, the fastening devices have to transmit less force per contact surface with the drive cables from the testing device 5 to the drive cables, wherein wear of the testing device is reduced.

Claims

Method for testing at least one operating parameter of an elevator installation (1) provided with a traction sheave drive, wherein by means of at least one testing device (5) an excess force (F2) is introduced into at least one first traction rope (6) of the elevator installation (1), wherein at least one adjacent second traction rope (12) is unloaded along a section and at least one measured value is determined, by means of which the operating parameter is deduced, wherein a first mass (m1) fastened to the first traction rope (6) and to the second traction rope (12) is placed at least in a transport direction of the elevator installation (1) and is thus fixed, wherein the testing device (5) is arranged on a support rope section of the first traction rope (6) between the first mass (m1) and a traction sheave (2), and, when the traction sheave brake (4) is actuated, a traction capability of the elevator installation (1) is determined as an operating parameter, wherein the test device (5) is fastened by a fastening device at at least one point to a first drive cable (6) to be tested and is also fastened to the adjacent drive cables of the first drive cable (6) to be tested at at least one fixed point.Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the excess force experiences a support, preferably a counterforce, on at least one other drive cable, wherein the other drive cable is the adjacent second drive cable and / or another adjacent drive cable.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the test device (5) is actuated via the test device (5), tensile forces which are respectively opposed to one another are introduced into the first drive cable (6) and the other drive cable.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one measurement result is set in relation to an operating parameter of the elevator installation (1) and the determined operating parameter is compared with at least one predefined parameter.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excess force (F2) is introduced into the first supporting cable (6) in the direction of a first mass (m1).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a traction sheave brake (4) is actuated and the excess force (F2) which is introduced into the first support cable (6) is increased until the first support cable (6) begins to slip over the traction sheave (2), and wherein the static friction force of the first support cable (6) on the traction sheave (2) is determined by means of the measured maximum first force.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between tests of at least two different operating parameters the test device (5) remains arranged on the same drive cable.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a half load compensation (m1.1) is determined by means of measured values.Test device (5) for determining operating parameters of an elevator installation according to the method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the test device (5) has at least one cable deflection element and one force sensor element, wherein the test device (5) can be fastened to at least one first drive cable (6) of the elevator installation (1) to be tested, and wherein an excess force (F2) can be introduced into the drive cable by means of the test device (5), a force (F3) which acts in the test device (5) can be measured, and the test device (5) is fastened to at least one other drive cable, wherein a first mass (m1) fastened to the first drive cable (6) and to the second drive cable (12) is placed at least in a transport direction of the elevator installation (1) and is therefore fixed, wherein the test device (5) is fastened by a fastening device at at least one point to a first drive cable (6) to be tested and is also fastened to the adjacent drive cables of the first drive cable (6) to be tested at at least one fixed point.Test device (5) according to claim 9, characterised in that the cable deflection element has a ratchet (13).Test device (5) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterised in that the cable deflection element has a spindle (11, 16).Test device (5) according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the cable deflection element has a lever mechanism.Test device (5) according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the cable deflection element has an actuator.Test device (5) according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the test device (5) has cable fastening elements which have at least cable clamps.Test device (5) according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that the test device (5) has cable fastening elements which have at least rollers and / or sliding devices.

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