Mounting system for stands for photovoltaic open-field systems

Abstract

Mounting system for stands for photovoltaic ground-mounted systems, each stand comprising a support (1) and a diagonal beam (2) as well as a brace (3) for bracing the diagonal beam (2) against the support (1), wherein the support (1), the diagonal beam (2) and the brace (3) can be assembled to form a fixedly adjustable stand in the form of a triangular truss and for this purpose a first (20) hinge connection is provided between diagonal beam (2) and support (1), a second (70) hinge connection is provided between diagonal beam (2) and brace (3), and a third hinge connection (90) is provided between brace (3) and support (1), and the first hinge connection (20) comprises a first hinge end (25) and the second hinge connection (70) comprises a second hinge end (72), and the two hinge ends (25, 72) can be arranged longitudinally on the diagonal beam (2), wherein an assembly comprising the diagonal beam (2) and the two hinge ends (25, 72) is composed of the two joint attachments (25,72) are guided longitudinally and non-rotatably on the inclined beam (2) and are fixedly attached there at predetermined positions, and that the support (1) is rotatably connected to the first joint attachment (25) and the strut (3) to the second joint attachment (72), wherein at least one of the two joint attachments (25, 72) has a joint section (54, 74) for bearing a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98), wherein the joint section (54, 74) is arranged such that the axis of rotation of a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) bearing therein crosses the inclined beam outside, wherein the joint section (54, 74) of at least one joint attachment (25, 72) is U-shaped, wherein the joint section (54, 74) of at least one joint attachment (25, 72) is for bearing a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) has open axle slots, wherein the open axle slots of the joint section (54) of the first joint attachment (25) are designed such that they are open downwards when the stand is erected.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a mounting system for stands for ground-mounted photovoltaic systems and a stand constructed from the mounting system and its fixed arrangement. Stands constructed from such mounting systems provide the upper components of photovoltaic systems in open terrain with linear supports at a fixed and solar-energy-efficient inclination.

[0002] DE 20 2007 010 725 U1 discloses a modular support frame that is pivotable about a main axis. The main axis rests on a lifting carriage that is vertically adjustable on a mast. The main axis is held in its rest position by a connecting rod, which forms an articulated connection between the modular support frame and the mast. A bearing spaced apart from the main axis is provided on the modular support frame. Another bearing is arranged to be vertically displaceable relative to a mounting surface. The position of the modular support frame can be shifted into a horizontal position by means of the bearing's displaceability.

[0003] KR 10 2000 0 030 752 A discloses a frame for solar collectors with foot struts connected to a frame via joints. The reinforcing strut is also connected to the frame via a joint. The installation angle of the solar collectors can be adjusted via the joints and the grooves and bolts interacting with them.

[0004] For such stands, mounting systems are already known to experts. These systems essentially comprise a post to be anchored in the ground, a diagonal beam as a linear support, an additional brace to brace the diagonal beam against the post, and three hinged connections. Using these hinged connections, the post, diagonal beam, and brace can be assembled into a fixed, adjustable stand in the form of a triangular truss. The two hinged connections to the diagonal beam each include a separate hinge end. These two hinge ends can be rigidly mounted onto the ends of the brace and the post, and they can be clamped to the diagonal beam along a longitudinal guide at various positions and angles using bolts. By design, the same bolts are used for longitudinal guidance, rotational support, and clamping.The assembly of the components of such a system, including the adjustment work for the correct inclination and position of the inclined beam, takes some manual steps and time and also requires conscientious work.

[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to provide the fitter with an assembly system of the aforementioned type that can be erected more easily and quickly than before.

[0006] The problem is solved by the mounting system for stands for ground-mounted photovoltaic systems specified in claim 1. Accordingly, each stand comprises a support and a diagonal beam, as well as a brace for bracing the diagonal beam against the support. The support, the diagonal beam, and the brace can be assembled to form a fixedly adjustable stand in the form of a triangular truss. For this purpose, a first hinge connection is provided between the diagonal beam and the support, a second hinge connection between the diagonal beam and the brace, and a third hinge connection between the brace and the support. The first hinge connection comprises a first hinge end, and the second hinge connection comprises a second hinge end. The two hinge ends can be arranged longitudinally on the diagonal beam.

[0007] The innovation consists in the fact that a component assembly comprising the inclined beam and the two joint attachments is assembled, wherein the two joint attachments are guided longitudinally on the inclined beam in a non-rotatable manner and are fixed at predetermined positions, and that the support can be connected to the first joint attachment and the strut to the second joint attachment via a pivot joint.

[0008] The support of the mounting system according to the invention is designed to be permanently fixed at the site of the open-field installation, in particular in the ground or on a foundation, and to transfer loads downwards. Vertical foundations using pile driving have proven particularly effective in practice. It is also conceivable to erect the support at an angle.

[0009] The inclined beam serves as a linear support for the upper components of the ground-mounted system. Once erected, the inclined beam is ideally oriented to the south and runs at a fixed, solar-energy-optimized angle. Transverse module support profiles can be mounted on the inclined beam, and the photovoltaic modules of the ground-mounted system can then be installed on these profiles.

[0010] With the column erected, the inclined beam is positioned at a statically favorable location between its ends, preferably directly above the column, and the brace can obliquely downwards from the inclined beam towards the column. In this way, a truss structure can be created whose basic shape is triangular. This triangular geometry is advantageously based, as is known from the prior art, on the results of a structural analysis, which can preferably be carried out by a structural engineer and which takes into account, in particular, the desired inclination, length, and load-bearing capacity of the inclined beam. The positions of the first and second hinge connections along the inclined beam and the position of the third hinge connection along the column can be specified according to such a structural analysis and are therefore the target positions.

[0011] In contrast to the known assembly system, the main functions of the two joint attachments—namely, providing a rotary bearing on the one hand and a mounting point on the other—are reversed. According to the invention, the joint attachments can therefore be mounted on the inclined beam, and the support and the strut can instead be arranged to pivot relative to the joint attachments. Furthermore, the joint attachments are longitudinally guided along the inclined beam in a non-rotatable manner, which still allows the joint attachments to be moved along the inclined beam, but prevents them from pivoting relative to the inclined beam. Finally, it is particularly important that the joint attachments are prefabricated on the inclined beam and therefore form a single assembly together with the inclined beam. Crucially, the joint attachments are already firmly fixed at their predetermined positions along the inclined beam.at the positions where the joint attachments are provided for in the case of a stand erected according to plan, in accordance with the aforementioned static calculation.

[0012] The main advantage of the invention arises from the prefabricated assembly. While pre-assembly would theoretically be conceivable with the assembly system known from the prior art, it is not practical due to the aforementioned triple function of the screw bolts, as the joint attachments would have to be clamped not only in their intended position but also in their exact angular positions. Because the functions of rotational support and attachment are spatially reversed according to the invention, the joint attachments can be guided longitudinally on the inclined beam in a non-rotatable manner. Consequently, it is now possible to easily and securely attach the joint attachments at the respective predetermined location on the inclined beam, independently of the rotational support, preferably at the factory and in series production.

[0013] The prefabricated assembly saves the installer several essential steps during the erection of the stand. This eliminates not only the work involved in mounting the hinges, but also, and more importantly, the adjustment of the inclined beam's inclination and its positioning above the support. In conventional systems, this adjustment is an essential part of the erection process due to the triple function of the screw bolts. For the same reason, it is easier for the installer than before to readjust the inclined beam's inclination and position, especially if the support is not perfectly aligned. The two hinges on the inclined beam can each be individually detached from their intended position, moved, and reattached in a more suitable corrective position. This is achieved without rigid angles constraining the triangular truss, as the three hinge connections remain free of rotation during and even after assembly.

[0014] In summary, the mounting system according to the invention can be erected into a stand by a less experienced installer in significantly less time than before. The mounting system is therefore particularly suitable for industrial-scale photovoltaic ground-mounted systems.

[0015] According to the invention, at least one of the two joint attachments has a joint section for mounting a pivot pin, the joint section being arranged such that the axis of rotation of a pivot pin mounted therein crosses the inclined beam externally. Preferably, the pivot pin can be mounted such that, when the stand is erected, its axis of rotation crosses the inclined beam below. This can significantly simplify the design of the joint attachments. Furthermore, with sufficient distance between the inclined beam and the axis of rotation, access for loosening, moving, and locking the joint attachments along the inclined beam can be kept free of pivotable components. Therefore, the joint attachment along the inclined beam can also be designed to be correspondingly short without, for example, being covered by the strut.To support the pivot pin, axle bores can be provided in the joint section, making it easy and reliable to manufacture a rotary bearing. Because the axis of rotation runs externally, a single, sufficiently long pivot pin can be used without penetrating the inclined beam. Finally, the second joint attachment is preferably designed so that a strut mounted there can be folded towards the inclined beam.

[0016] According to the invention, the joint section of at least one joint attachment is U-shaped. Such a joint section runs, in particular, parallel to the inclined beam and is open downwards when the stand is erected. It can function like an axle fork with two opposing cheeks, which can pivotally receive the end of the support or strut, or any joint heads optionally attached thereto, by means of a joint bolt. Furthermore, U-shaped joint attachments can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively in series, essentially by cutting an extruded profile strand to length.

[0017] According to the invention, the joint section of at least one joint attachment has open axial slots for mounting a joint bolt. A joint bolt can be inserted into the preferably two open axial slots more easily than into axial bores, since the joint parts to be connected no longer need to be aligned exactly axially during assembly. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous to pre-assemble the joint bolt on the counterpart of the joint connection.

[0018] According to the invention, the open axle slots of the joint section of the first joint attachment are designed such that they are open downwards when the stand is erected. This allows the first joint connection to be at least partially prepared simply by placing the inclined beam on top. For this purpose, the inclined beam only needs to be placed at its first joint attachment onto a joint bolt, which is already mounted on the support or on a joint head optionally attached to it. When the stand is erected, the open axle slots are preferably oriented approximately vertically downwards. However, a deviation of several degrees is easily tolerated, so that such a joint attachment is suitable for inclined beams at different angles. In particular, it is advantageous to provide the axle slots at an angle of approximately 60° to the inclined beam.

[0019] In a further development, the joint section of at least one joint attachment includes a safety device to prevent the radial loosening of a joint bolt from the open axle slots. This can reliably prevent, in particular, the detachment of the inclined beam under lifting wind loads.

[0020] Preferably, a locking slide is provided to prevent radial loosening, which can be inserted tangentially to a pivot pin into the joint section. Such a locking slide can, in particular, be designed as a plate that can be inserted into inner longitudinal guides of a U-shaped joint section below the pivot pin, i.e., on the side of the pivot pin opposite the inclined beam.

[0021] In a further preferred embodiment, the inclined beam has at least one longitudinal groove, which is undercut, for the longitudinal guidance of the two joint attachments. Preferably, an undercut longitudinal groove is integrated into the left and right outer sides of the inclined beam when viewed against an erected stand. The joint attachments can be easily and securely moved and locked along the inclined beam by means of a longitudinal groove. For this purpose, a combination of T-nut and screw, which has proven effective in many applications, can be used. To guide the joint attachments along the inclined beam in a non-rotatable manner according to the invention, a guide rail running parallel to the longitudinal groove can alternatively or additionally be provided at the joint attachment. However, it is preferable to provide at least two combinations of T-nut and screw spaced apart from each other in the same longitudinal groove for each joint attachment in order to prevent rotation.

[0022] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the two joint attachments has a U-shaped section to which the joint attachment is longitudinally guided and non-rotatably mounted on the inclined beam. Similar to the joint section, the attachment section can also be U-shaped. Preferably, the inner contour of the attachment section corresponds to the outer contour of the inclined beam, so that the attachment section engages the inclined beam like a sliding sled. Such an attachment section can, in particular, be clamped to the aforementioned longitudinal grooves.

[0023] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the two joint attachments is H-shaped, the shape of which is derived from the U-shaped joint section and the U-shaped attachment section described above. This allows the inner contour of the joint attachment to correspond with the diagonal beam at its upper section and with the strut or support, or any joint components optionally mounted thereon, at its lower section. Furthermore, such a joint attachment can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively, essentially by cutting a correspondingly extruded profile strand to length.

[0024] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first joint connection comprises a joint head that can be placed on the upper end of the support and pivotally connected to the first joint socket via a pivot pin. The upper end of the support may only be suitable as a joint partner to a limited extent, as it can be easily damaged during erection, especially when using pile drivers. Here, a separate joint head, which is preferably placed on the support only after it has been erected, offers particular advantages. Accordingly, the support can be pivotally connected to the first joint socket by means of this intermediate joint head.

[0025] In a further development, the ball joint can be mounted so that it can be moved transversely to the support and / or parallel to it. This allows for the correction of deviations from the vertical and deviations from a target height, which often occur in practice when erecting the support. A transverse and vertical adjustability of approximately ±15 mm is sufficient in most cases.

[0026] In a further optimization, the ball joint can accommodate a pivot pin with adjustable height. For this purpose, the ball joint can have two fork-like cheeks containing axle slots that run approximately vertically when the stand is erected. The pivot pin can then be clamped to the cheeks at different heights. Interlocking serrations can be integrated into the nuts provided for the pivot pin and into the cheeks to prevent slippage. Additionally, the axle slots can be designed to be open at the top.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment, an additional rotational degree of freedom is provided at both the first and third hinge points to compensate for any twisting of an erected support. This allows the inclined beam, together with the strut, to be brought into the intended azimuthal alignment even if the support is erected with a twist along its longitudinal axis. Compensating for twisting is particularly important if the support is to be arranged in a row of supports. In this case, a rotation range of approximately ±10° has proven sufficient. The additional axes of rotation are preferably aligned vertically or parallel to the support. However, it is also possible to design the additional axes of rotation with a limited degree of angular deflection. The essential point is that the inclined beam, together with the strut, can be rotated approximately about the longitudinal axis of the support.

[0028] In a further development, in combination with the previously described ball joint, this can be mounted around the support and / or rotated vertically onto the upper end of the support.

[0029] In a further development related to the third joint connection, this comprises a joint element with two mutually perpendicular axes of rotation, wherein the joint element can be arranged at the support and at the lower end of the strut. Such a joint element can preferably be designed in the form of a universal joint, although it is not necessary for its axes of rotation to intersect. For easy connection to the support, axial bores for a joint bolt, which can interact with the joint element, can be provided at a predetermined height.

[0030] In another embodiment, several axle bores for a joint bolt are provided at different heights along the support for the third joint connection. This can be advantageous for both a simple tilting joint and the joint component described above, as a standard support can thus be flexibly adapted to different inclinations of the inclined beam and different strut lengths.

[0031] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the assembly according to the invention also includes the strut, wherein the strut is pivotally connected to the second joint. This saves the installer on site additional steps that can be performed more efficiently in series production at the factory. The strut can be pivotally connected to the second joint directly or via a joint partner on the strut side. A pivot pin is particularly suitable for this connection. In a further development, the strut is folded towards the diagonal beam. This allows the packing dimensions of the assembly to be kept small. Preferably, the strut is secured against unintentional folding, especially during loading.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment, the assembly according to the invention comprises several retaining elements for support profiles to be arranged transversely to the inclined beam, wherein the retaining elements are arranged at or near predetermined positions on the inclined beam. These retaining elements can preferably be shaped such that the support profiles can initially be attached to the inclined beam, at least temporarily, without tools, in particular by simply inserting or hooking them in. This advantageously eliminates further time-consuming on-site assembly steps, which can be carried out more efficiently and even automatically at the factory.

[0033] The assembly of the mounting system can be expediently carried out at the factory. There, it is possible to prefabricate the assembly in series industrially and subject it to appropriate quality assurance. The pre-assembled mounting system can then be delivered to the site of the open-field plant and erected there.

[0034] In a further development, the strut is pre-assembled directly with the assembly, whereby the strut is pivotally connected to the second joint and is folded towards the inclined beam. For this purpose, the strut can be pivotally connected to the second joint directly or via a joint partner on the strut side, preferably by means of a hinge pin in both cases. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous for loading if the strut is finally secured against folding away from the inclined beam.

[0035] An embodiment of the assembly system according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 the substructure of an open-field system with three supports, Fig. 2 one of the stands according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 the second joint connection of the stand according to Fig. 2 in detail, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 the third joint connection of the stand according to Fig. 2 in detail, Fig. 7 the first joint connection of the stand according to Fig. 2 in detail, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 components of the first joint connection according to Fig. 7, Fig. 11 a prefabricated assembly of the stand according to Fig. 2, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 the first joint connection according to Fig. 7 with assembly steps, Fig. 14 a module supplemented by terminals according to Fig. 11.

[0036] For an overview, it shows Fig. 1 The substructure of a ground-mounted photovoltaic system with three stands erected from the mounting system according to the invention. Each stand comprises a support 1, a diagonal beam 2, and a strut 3, which are assembled into a triangular truss via three hinged connections. The three hinged connections are explained in detail below.

[0037] Out of Fig. Figure 1 shows that the supports 1 are vertical and their lower sections are anchored in the ground 4, forming a straight row of supports spaced at regular intervals. The diagonal beams 2 are attached to the supports 1 at an angle of approximately 30° perpendicular to the row of supports. To brace the diagonal beams 2 against the supports 1, the struts 3 are hinged to the supports 1 at their lower ends and to the diagonal beams 2 at their upper ends. Furthermore, six module support profiles 5 are mounted at regular intervals on the diagonal beams 2, parallel to the row of supports. Finally, photovoltaic modules (not shown in detail) can be installed on the module support profiles 5.

[0038] In Fig. 2 is one of the stands according to Fig. Figure 1, with its three hinge connections 20, 70, and 90, is shown in more detail, wherein the first hinge connection 20 is between the diagonal beam 2 and the support 1, the second hinge connection 70 is between the diagonal beam 2 and the strut 3, and the third hinge connection 90 is between the strut 3 and the support 1. The three hinge connections 20, 70, and 90 each have an imaginary tilting axis 21, 71, and 91, respectively, which runs approximately horizontally and ideally parallel to the row of supports.

[0039] Since the three distances between the hinge connections 20, 70 and 90, and between their tilting axes 21, 71 and 91, are fixed, the triangle enclosed by the support 1, the diagonal beam 2 and the strut 3 is geometrically defined in its interior angles. Therefore, it is not necessary to absorb torques at the tilting axes 21, 71 or 91.

[0040] The main geometry of the column is based on the results of a structural analysis, preferably performed by a structural engineer, which takes into account, in particular, the desired inclination, length, and load-bearing capacity of the inclined beam 2. The positions of the first and second hinge connections 20 and 70 along the inclined beam 2 and the position of the third hinge connection 90 along the support 1 are specified according to this structural analysis and are therefore nominal positions. For an installer, these nominal positions can conveniently be additionally determined on-site from a construction plan based on the structural analysis.

[0041] In Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is initially the simpler second joint connection 70 of the stand according to Fig. 2 shown in detail. The main element of the second joint connection 70 is a joint attachment 72, the front face of which is Fig. Figure 4 is highlighted by means of dot hatching. The joint attachment 72 is essentially a symmetrical extruded part and consists of an attachment section 73 in the upper area and a joint section 74 in the lower area. Both the attachment section 73 and the joint section 74 are approximately U-shaped, with the attachment section 73 opening upwards and the joint section 74 opening downwards. The attachment section 73 has two spaced-apart cheeks 76 and the joint section 74 has two spaced-apart cheeks 77. The two sections 73 and 74 are divided by a common central web 75, so that the joint attachment 72 has a profile with an approximately double-U-shaped or H-shaped cross-section.

[0042] Furthermore, it is from Fig. Figure 4 shows the special cross-section of the inclined beam 2. The inclined beam 2 is a hollow extruded profile with a rectangular base shape, the corners and underside of which are strongly rounded. An undercut longitudinal groove 10 is integrated into the top surface of the inclined beam 2, which is used to fasten the in Fig. The module support profiles 5 shown in Figure 1 are provided. Furthermore, an additional undercut longitudinal groove 11 is integrated into both the left and right outer sides of the inclined beam 2, both of which are used to fasten the hinge end 72. It should be noted that the ribbing visible on both sides of the opening slots of the longitudinal grooves 11, and depicted as black stripes in the views due to scale, is only of minor importance here.

[0043] Fig. 3 and Fig. Figure 4 further shows that the joint attachment 72 is longitudinally guided on the inclined beam 2 in a non-rotatable manner according to the invention. For this purpose, the joint attachment 72 is slidably clamped on both sides to the undercut longitudinal grooves 11 of the inclined beam 2 by means of two screw connections each. The four screw connections each comprise a screw bolt 78 and a square nut 79, which serves as a T-nut. The screw bolts 78 extend through four corresponding bores in the two cheeks 76 of the attachment section 73 into the undercut longitudinal grooves 11, where they are axially clamped against the undercuts of the longitudinal grooves 11 by means of the square nuts 79. Since there are two screw connections on each of the left and right outer sides of the inclined beam 2, and these are spaced apart along the longitudinal grooves 11, the joint attachment 72 cannot be rotated on the inclined beam 2.Additionally, the inner contour of the attachment section 72 corresponds over a wide area to the outer contour of the inclined beam 2, so that the joint attachment 72 is guided slidably along the inclined beam 2 like a shoe. If the four screw connections are loosened, the joint attachment 72 can be moved along the inclined beam 2 or in one of the directions of the double arrow 80 from its intended position and firmly reattached to the inclined beam 2 at a different position or a corrective position.

[0044] Furthermore, in Fig. 3 and Fig. Figure 4 reveals how the strut 3 is pivotally mounted on the joint end 74 via a pivot pin 81 in the directions of the double arrow 83. The cheeks 77 of the joint section 74 encompass the upper end of the strut 3 in the manner of a fork joint, with the pivot pin 81 passing through two axial bores in the cheeks 77 and through two axial bores in the upper end region of the strut 3 and being axially secured by a nut 82. The pivot pin 81 runs along the pivot axis 71 below the inclined beam 2. Furthermore, the connection between the strut 3, which has a square hollow cross-section, and the joint end 72 is designed such that the strut 3 can be folded towards the inclined beam 2. Sufficient clearance is provided between the upper end of the strut 3 and the central web 75 of the joint end 72 for this purpose.

[0045] Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows the first joint 90 of the stand according to Fig. 2 in detail. The main element of the third joint connection 90 is a joint body 92, which connects the strut 3 with the support 1 on the tilting axis 91 and a rotation axis 93 perpendicular to it in two rotational degrees of freedom and acts like a universal joint, whose axes, however, do not intersect at a single point.

[0046] In particular from the exploded view according to Fig. Figure 6 shows that the articulated body 92 is designed as a U-shaped extruded part with two opposing cheeks 94 and a central web 95 and is pivotably attached between two side walls of the support 1 about the tilting axis 91 via a first articulated bolt 96. For this purpose, a cylindrical bolt receptacle 97 is integrated in the center of the central web 95, running parallel to the tilting axis 91. The first articulated bolt 96 passes through this bolt receptacle 97 and, to the left and right, through two axial bores (not shown in detail) in the side walls of the support 1, which are designed as a U-shaped or slightly trapezoidal rolled profile, so that the support 1 tilts the articulated body 92 like a fork joint, and the strut 3 is thus movable in its inclination. The axial bores in the side walls along the support 1 are preferably already provided at the factory. And their position is conveniently determined by the aforementioned structural analysis.

[0047] Furthermore, the strut 3 is pivotally connected about the axis of rotation 93 via a second pivot pin 98. For this purpose, the two cheeks 94 encompass the lower end of the strut 3 on its upper and lower sides, and two axial bores are provided in each of the two cheeks 94 as well as in the upper and lower sides of the end of the strut 3, through which the second pivot pin 98 passes. In this way, the joint body 92 also pivotally receives the strut 3 between its cheeks 94 in a fork-like manner, so that the strut 3 can be correctly aligned in the event of a rotation of the support 1 within the row of supports.

[0048] Fig. Figure 7 shows the first joint connection 20 of the stand according to Fig. 2 in detail. The first articulated connection 20 essentially comprises a platform 22 attached to the support 1, a clevis head 23 slidably arranged on the platform 22 with a pivot axis 24, and a pivot attachment 25 tiltable about the pivot axis 24, which in turn is slidably attached to the inclined beam 2. For further clarification, in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 the most important elements of the first joint connection 20 are shown separately.

[0049] Platform 22 is an extruded part with a T-shaped cross-section and a wide central web with cavities. Platform 22 also has a flat top surface 26, which provides a horizontal bearing for the clevis head 23 at the head of the support 1. Platform 22 is attached to the support 1 by means of two bolted connections 27, which pass through corresponding holes in the side walls of the support 1 and in the central web of platform 22.

[0050] The clevis head 23 is also made from an extruded part. It has a foot 28 with a flat underside 29, which acts as a sliding surface against the upper surface 26 of the platform 22. The clevis head 23 can therefore be moved and rotated on the platform 22. For fastening and guidance, two elongated holes (not shown in detail) oriented transversely to the inclined beam 2 are provided in the platform 22, and two further elongated holes 30 are provided in the left and right sides of the foot 28, running parallel to the inclined beam 2. The elongated holes 30 in the foot 28 and the elongated holes in the platform 22 are arranged such that they each form an intersecting pair of holes, with a screw connection 31 in each pair. In this way, the clevis head 23 can be moved a small distance transversely and also longitudinally to the row of supports on the platform 22 relative to the support 1 and then locked in place.Since there is some play between the hole walls of the two pairs of holes on the one hand and the shanks of the screw connections 31 on the other, the clevis head 23 can also be rotated slightly relative to the platform 22 about a vertical axis of rotation 62 in order to correctly align the inclined beam 2 azimuthally in the event of a possible rotation of the support 1 from the row of supports. This correction can be carried out together with the strut 3, since this is according to . Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is also pivotally attached to the support 1 in two rotational degrees of freedom. The axis of rotation 93 of the articulated body 92 according to Fig. The fact that 5 is not aligned with the axis of rotation 62 can be tolerated with the usually small correction angles.

[0051] Furthermore, it can be seen that two parallel fork cheeks 35 are arranged vertically on the base 28 of the fork head 23, each with a vertical axle slot 36 for the pivot axle 24 for height-adjustable mounting. As can be seen in particular from Fig. As can be seen in Figure 9, the joint axis 24 comprises a screw bolt 37 extending through both axle slots 36, a nut 38, and a cylindrical spacer sleeve 39, which is arranged between the two fork cheeks 35 and coaxially on the screw bolt 37. Furthermore, a square washer 41 is arranged coaxially between the outer surfaces 40 of the fork cheeks 35 and the head of the screw bolt 37 or the nut 38. Crucially, the joint axis 24 is height-adjustable in the axle slots 36 or in one of the directions indicated by arrow 61. For this purpose, the screw bolt 37 can be loosened, moved downwards or upwards, and tightened again at a different height, with the spacer sleeve 39 preventing the fork cheeks 35 from being subjected to bending stress during tightening.To prevent the joint axis 24 from unintentionally slipping downwards or upwards, horizontally extending serrated teeth (not shown in detail in the drawings) are incorporated on both the outer surfaces 40 of the fork cheeks 35 and the inner surfaces of the square washers 41. These serrations interlock when the joint axis 24 is clamped. In this way, the joint axis 24 can be adjusted almost steplessly in height along the fork cheeks 35 via the axle slots 36 and is also secured against slippage. The serrated teeth can preferably be manufactured by extrusion.

[0052] Out of Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 It is further evident that the joint attachment 25 is very similar to the joint attachment 72 of the second joint connection according to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is constructed. The joint attachment 25 is also essentially a symmetrical extruded part and consists in the upper area of ​​an attachment section 53 and in the lower area of ​​a joint section 54. Likewise, the attachment section 53 and the joint section 54 are approximately U-shaped, with the attachment section 53 being open at the top and the joint section 54 at the bottom, and the attachment section 53 having two spaced-apart cheeks 56 and the joint section 54 having two spaced-apart cheeks 57, and the two sections 53 and 54 being divided by a common central web 55, so that a profile with an approximately double-U-shaped or an approximately H-shaped cross-section is given.

[0053] The joint attachment 25 is also longitudinally guided non-rotatably on the inclined beam 2 in the same manner according to the invention. For this purpose, the joint attachment 25 is again clamped slidably on both sides by means of two screw connections each to the undercut longitudinal grooves 11 of the inclined beam 2. The four screw connections each comprise a screw bolt 58 and a square nut, which is used as a T-nut. The screw bolts 58 extend through four corresponding bores 59 in the two cheeks 56 of the attachment section 53 into the undercut longitudinal grooves 11, where they are axially clamped against the undercuts of the longitudinal grooves 11 by means of the square nuts. Since, as with the joint attachment 72 according to Fig. 3 and Fig. Since there are two screw connections on each of the left and right outer sides of the inclined beam 2, and these are spaced apart along the longitudinal grooves 11, the hinge end 25 on the inclined beam 2 cannot be rotated. The inner contour of the attachment section 53 also corresponds over a wide area with the outer contour of the inclined beam 2, so that the hinge end 25 is guided along the inclined beam 2 in a shoe-like manner. If the four screw connections are loosened, the inclined beam 2 can be moved in one of the directions of the double arrow 60 relative to the hinge end 25 and then firmly reattached.

[0054] Furthermore, in Fig. 7 to. Fig. Figure 10 reveals how the inclined beam 2 is pivotally mounted at the joint end 25 over the joint axis 24 on the clevis head 23. Thus, the clevis cheeks 35 encompass the cheeks 57 of the joint section 54, with the joint axis 24 running along the imaginary tilting axis 21 below the inclined beam 2. A significant difference from the joint end 72 of the second joint connection according to Figure 10 is that... Fig. 3 and Fig. However, the difference lies in the fact that, instead of two axle bores, two downwardly open axle slots 65 are provided in the cheeks 57 for the rotary bearing. In this way, it is possible to connect the inclined beam 2 to the clevis 23 at the joint end 25 by simply placing it on the joint axle 24. The joint axle 24 can therefore already be pre-assembled on the clevis 23 at the factory. In addition, two guide grooves 66 are machined into the two inner surfaces of the two cheeks 57, which run parallel to the inclined beam 2 and are interrupted by the axle slots 65. A locking plate 67 is inserted into the guide grooves 66, which is used for radially securing the joint axle 24 in the joint end 72. For this purpose, the guide grooves 66 are provided directly below the spacer sleeve 39, so that when the locking plate 67 is inserted, as is particularly evident from Fig. 10 and subsequently in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 13, the joint attachment 72 is no longer detachable from the clevis head 23. The guide grooves 66 and the corresponding edges of the locking plate 67 are preferably designed such that the locking plate 67 can be inserted by tapping and then holds itself in a self-locking position.

[0055] In Fig. 11 shows a prefabricated assembly according to the invention, as it is used in the stand according to Fig. 2 is installed. The assembly includes in particular the diagonal beam 2, the joint attachment 25 of the first joint connection 20, the joint attachment 72 of the second joint connection 70, as well as the strut 3 and the joint body 92.

[0056] The two joint attachments 72 and 25 are to be connected as above. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 or to Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 is fixed to the inclined beam 2 in a non-rotatable longitudinal manner by means of the screws 78 and 58 respectively. It is important that the joint ends 72 and 25 are already attached to their Fig. 1 and Fig. The two visible target positions are set so that, if support 1 is erected exactly according to plan or with a tolerable deviation from the plan, the hinge connections 72 and 25 do not need to be readjusted on site by the installer. Otherwise, it is still possible to position the hinge connections 72 and 25 at correction positions that deviate from the target positions by loosening, moving and locking them.

[0057] Furthermore, it can be seen that the second joint connection 70 between diagonal beam 2 and strut 3 is as follows: Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 described above the joint bolt 81 is already manufactured, and that the joint body 97 is also already arranged at the lower or other end of the strut 3 via the joint bolt 97.

[0058] The prefabricated assembly can be mass-produced in large quantities at the factory or supplier, as shown, and delivered to the construction site of the open-field system. For transport purposes, strut 3 is folded against or near the inclined beam 2, as shown. A particularly characteristic feature of the prefabricated assembly is that strut 3 is used to create the third hinge connection 90 according to... Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is to be unfolded in a pivoting motion according to arrow 7.

[0059] In Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 illustrates how the prefabricated assembly according to Fig. 11 is arranged at the support 1, with the first joint connection 20 being established. As preparation, the support 1 was first embedded in the ground 4 according to Fig. 1 established and subsequently the platform 22, the fork head 23 and the articulated axle 24 according to Fig. 9 assembled. It should be mentioned at this point that the one in Fig. The assembly shown in section 9 may already be pre-assembled at the factory.

[0060] Furthermore, in Fig. Figure 12 shows how, before joining, the prefabricated assembly is raised above the support 1 so that the axle slots 65 of the joint attachment 25 are located above the joint axis 24 of the clevis head 23. The prefabricated assembly is then guided downwards in the direction of arrow 8 between the fork cheeks 35 of the clevis head 23, so that the two axle slots 65 rest against the spacer sleeve 39 of the joint axis 24 until they reach their stop.

[0061] For radial securing, the following can then be done, as described in Fig. Figure 13 illustrates that the locking plate 67 is pushed in the direction of arrow 9 into the guide grooves 66 and thus under the spacer sleeve 39, so that the prefabricated assembly can no longer be unintentionally detached from the clevis head 23 or the support 1.

[0062] In a further assembly step, the strut 3 of the prefabricated assembly, which is not shown in detail here, can be folded away from the inclined beam 2, the entire assembly can be pivoted slightly around the tilting axis 21 as required, and then the third joint connection can also be made.

[0063] Finally, it shows Fig. 14 the assembly according to Fig. 11 supplemented by five clamps 100 and 101 each, which are used to fasten the module support profiles 5 arranged on the inclined beam 2 according to Fig. 1 are provided. Here, one of the terminals 100 and 101 each form one of five terminal pairs. It is not immediately apparent that the lower terminals 100 and the upper terminals 101 of each terminal pair can engage a retaining web provided on both sides of the module support profile 5.

[0064] The terminals 100 and 101 are located in the undercut longitudinal groove 10 according to Fig. 4 and Fig.The module support profile 5 is slidably fastened by means of T-nuts. It is essential that the lower clamps 100 are already positioned at their designated locations and designed so that a module support profile 5 can be temporarily held on the inclined beam by an installer without tools, ideally simply by inserting or hooking the lower part of the retaining web, and then permanently fastened by tightening the clamps 100. The upper clamps 101 are positioned slightly above their designated locations so that they do not obstruct the placement of the module support profiles 5. After placement, the clamps 101 can be loosened as necessary, positioned on the upper side of the retaining web of the module support profile 5, and also tightened.

Claims

[1] Mounting system for stands for photovoltaic ground-mounted systems, each stand comprising a support (1) and a diagonal beam (2) and a brace (3) for bracing the diagonal beam (2) against the support (1), wherein the support (1), the diagonal beam (2) and the brace (3) can be assembled to form a fixedly adjustable stand in the form of a triangular truss and for this purpose a first (20) joint is provided between the diagonal beam (2) and the support (1), a second (70) joint is provided between the diagonal beam (2) and the brace (3), and a third (90) joint is provided between the brace (3) and the support (1), and the first joint (20) comprises a first joint attachment (25) and the second joint (70) comprises a second joint attachment (72), and the two joint attachments (25, 72) can be arranged longitudinally on the diagonal beam (2), wherein one joint connects the diagonal beam (2) and the two joint attachments (25, 72) comprehensive assembly is composed of the two joint attachments (25,72) are guided longitudinally and non-rotatably on the inclined beam (2) and are fixedly attached there at predetermined positions, and that the support (1) is rotatably connected to the first joint attachment (25) and the strut (3) to the second joint attachment (72), wherein at least one of the two joint attachments (25, 72) has a joint section (54, 74) for bearing a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98), wherein the joint section (54, 74) is arranged such that the axis of rotation of a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) bearing therein crosses the inclined beam outside, wherein the joint section (54, 74) of at least one joint attachment (25, 72) is U-shaped, wherein the joint section (54, 74) of at least one joint attachment (25, 72) is for bearing a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) has open axle slots, wherein the open axle slots of the joint section (54) of the first joint attachment (25) are designed such that they are open downwards when the stand is erected. [2] Assembly system according to claim 1, characterized by , that the joint section (54, 74) of at least one joint attachment (25, 72) includes a safeguard against radial loosening of a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) from the open axle slots (36, 65). [3] Assembly system according to claim 2, characterized by , that a locking slide is provided to secure against radial loosening, which can be inserted tangentially to a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) into the joint section (54, 74). [4] Assembly system according to claim 1, characterized by , that the inclined beam (2) for the longitudinal guidance of the two joint attachments (25, 72) has at least one longitudinal groove (10, 11) which is undercut. [5] Mounting system according to claim 1, characterized by , that at least one of the two joint attachments (25, 72) has a U-profile-shaped attachment section on which the joint attachment (25, 72) is longitudinally guided non-rotatably to the inclined beam (2). [6] Assembly system according to one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized by , that at least one of the two joint attachments (25, 72) is H-profile shaped, the shape of the joint attachment (25, 72) being formed from the U-profile joint section (54, 74) and the U-profile attachment section. [7] Assembly system according to claim 1, characterized by , that the first joint connection (20) includes a joint head which is placed on the upper end of the support (1) and can be articulated to the first joint attachment (25) via a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98). [8] Assembly system according to claim 7, characterized by , that the ball joint can be mounted transversely to the support (1) and / or parallel to the support (1). [9] Assembly system according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized by , that the ball joint can accommodate a pivot pin (81, 96, 97, 98) in a height-adjustable manner. [10] Assembly system according to claim 1, characterized by, that to compensate for a rotation of an erected support (1) in the first (20) and the third joint connection (90) an additional rotational degree of freedom is provided in each. [11] Assembly system according to claim 10 and one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by , that the ball joint can be placed on the upper end of the support (1) in a manner that allows it to be rotated around the support (1) and / or vertically. [12] Assembly system according to claim 11, characterized by , that the third joint connection (90) comprises a joint part with two mutually perpendicular axes of rotation, wherein the joint part can be arranged on the support (1) and at the lower end of the strut (3). [13] Assembly system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that for the third joint connection (90) along the support (1) several axle bores for a joint bolt (81, 96, 97, 98) are provided at different heights. [14] Assembly system according to claim 1, characterized by, that the assembly includes the strut (3), wherein the strut (3) is connected to the second joint attachment (72) via a pivot joint. [15] Assembly system according to claim 14, characterized by , that the strut (3) is folded towards the diagonal beam (2). [16] Assembly system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the assembly comprises several retaining elements for support profiles to be arranged transversely to the inclined beam (2), wherein the retaining elements are arranged at designated positions or near these on the inclined beam (2). [17] Stands made of a mounting system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by , that the support (1), the inclined beam (2) and the strut (3) are assembled to form the fixedly adjustable stand in the form of a triangular truss and the three hinge connections are made for this purpose. [18] Arrangement of the stand according to claim 17, characterized by , that the support (1) is fixed in place.

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