Device for adapting a cylinder lift to a change in the printing material in a printing press

Abstract

Device for adapting a cylinder lift to a change in the printing material in a printing press, wherein the printing press has a printing cylinder (07) with at least one clamping device (15) for clamping a cylinder lift (08), wherein the clamping device (15) has at least one clamping element (20), wherein a tensile stress (FZ) is built up by means of a movement of the at least one clamping element (20) within the cylinder lift (08), wherein the clamping element (20) is set in motion by a driving force (FH), wherein the clamping element (20) is held in its position in a self-locking state by the tensile stress (FZ) when the driving force (FH) is reduced below a limit value, wherein the clamping element (20) is displaceable in the axial direction of the printing cylinder (07), characterized in thatthat the driving force (FH) exerted on the clamping element (20) to execute its movement is exerted on this clamping element (20) by at least one pneumatic means (28), wherein a drive of the printing cylinder (07) is designed as a single drive or as a direct drive (DA), wherein the adaptation to the change in the printing material during the rotation of the printing cylinder (07) in its circumferential direction (B) is carried out by a controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of this printing cylinder (07) in addition to the displacement of the clamping element (20) with the drive of the printing cylinder (07).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for adapting a cylinder lift to a change in the substrate in a printing press. In this device, the substrate is provided with a print image within a printing process in the printing units, such that a printing form mounted on a printing cylinder is inked and the resulting print image is transferred to the substrate guided on a printing cylinder, thereby adapting the print image to the expansion of the substrate resulting from the ongoing printing process.

[0002] When processing sheet-shaped substrates, for example, when printing on sheet-shaped substrates (i.e., printed sheets), this substrate undergoes several processing stages in succession. The substrate is printed by multiple printing units and / or coating units sequentially. During this process, deformation of the substrate can occur, for example, due to rolling in cylinder gaps and / or swelling caused by liquids such as components of printing inks and / or dampening solutions. This can result in deviations between the layers of the substrate where the individual processing stages act. In the case of multi-color and / or multi-page printing, for example, registration errors and / or misregistration can result.The exact alignment of a printed image on the front and back of a double-sided printed substrate is called register (DIN 16500-2). In multicolor printing, the term registration (DIN 16500-2) is used when individual printed images of different colors are precisely aligned to form a single image. The term color register is also used as an equivalent for registration.

[0003] In printing on a typical sheet-fed printing press, coating material, such as printing ink, is transferred from a form cylinder to a transfer cylinder and from the transfer cylinder to a substrate held by an impression cylinder. The ink and / or dampening solution, along with the pressure in the printing nip, alter the geometric dimensions of the printed sheet. For example, the printed sheet becomes longer relative to the transport direction of the substrate and / or the circumferential direction of the impression cylinder, and / or initially wider at its trailing end relative to a transverse direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the substrate and / or the axial direction of the impression cylinder.If the printing press consists of several printing units, this occurs to a greater or lesser degree in each unit, so that a printed image from subsequent units is distorted in the circumferential direction compared to previously printed images, appearing in particular shorter and / or narrower. This effect can vary in intensity for each printing unit, resulting in a high probability of registration errors and / or misregistration.

[0004] DE 42 38 121 C2 discloses a device for clamping printing plates on the plate cylinder of printing presses, in particular sheetfed offset printing presses, in which a clamping rail, assigned to the printing end and in particular divided, is slidably arranged in an axially parallel recess of the plate cylinder, which can be adjusted for register-compliant clamping via individual clamping screws and can be actuated for clamping by a drive that becomes effective when printing medium is applied and acts on the clamping rail via the clamping screws, wherein each clamping screw is assigned a cam disk lying in a common plane defined by the axes of the clamping screws, which has a spirally shaped outer contour on its end face on which one end of each clamping screw is supported, and wherein each cam disk is assigned a drive that becomes effective when printing medium is applied.wherein the drives are arranged in the pit below the clamping rail, wherein the clamping screws in conjunction with the respective cam disc are designed, for example, as a self-locking transmission element that maintains the tension of the pressure plate.

[0005] DE 43 06 237 A1 discloses a device for adjusting the slant register in a clamping device for clamping printing plates in an offset printing press, in which a clamping bar with means for opening and closing a gap for inserting the front or rear edge of a printing plate onto the cylindrical surface of the plate cylinder is aligned parallel to the cylinder axis, and in which a centering bolt extending radially to the plate cylinder and extending into the insertion gap is attached, the profile of which corresponds to the profile of a centering groove in the insertion edge of the printing plate, wherein the centering bolt is attached in one outer edge region of the clamping device.wherein a stop aligned in the circumferential direction of the plate cylinder is adjustable in the other edge region of the clamping device in the insertion slot in the circumferential direction of the plate cylinder for the purpose of plate skew correction and wherein at least one adjusting means for adjusting the position of the stop is arranged on the plate clamping device or in the cylinder.

[0006] DE 42 14 206 C2 discloses a device for actuating a clamping rail relative to the clamping rail of the plate cylinder of a rotary printing press, in particular a sheetfed offset printing press, wherein the clamping rail is pivotably mounted parallel to the extension direction of the clamping rail in the manner of a two-armed lever via individual pivot bearings and a twisted profile shaft is arranged between an arm of the clamping rail and the clamping rail, wherein remotely actuated lifting elements for lifting the pivot bearings are assigned to the individual pivot bearings of the clamping rail in the clamping rail, wherein, when the lifting elements are not actuated, the profile shaft is self-locking against the force of a compression spring by the clamping rail.

[0007] DE 102 23 894 B4 discloses a plate clamping device for fastening a printing plate to a plate cylinder in a printing press, comprising an upper clamping strip fixed in a plate cylinder channel, a lower clamping strip associated with the upper clamping strip and slidably mounted between a clamping position and a changeover position, a push element which is pivotally supported with its first free end section on the underside of the lower clamping strip and slidably supported with its second free end section on an inclined guide, at least one actuating means for force-transmitting engagement of the push element to move it along the inclined guide and to hold it in a predetermined position, and a means for ensuring contact between the second free end section of the push element and the inclined guide during displacement by the at least one actuating means.so that by moving the push element along the inclined guide the lower clamping strip can be brought into a clamping or changeover position and, in the clamping position, a self-locking wedging of the push element between the inclined guide and the lower clamping strip can be achieved due to the friction between the second free end section and the inclined guide.

[0008] DE 296 08 124 U1 discloses a device for fastening flexible printing plates to the plate cylinder of printing presses, comprising a front clamping device arranged in a cylinder channel and a rear clamping and tensioning device, which consists of a clamping rail pivotably arranged in the cylinder channel base and a clamping rail pivotably arranged on the clamping rail, wherein the clamping rail is supported by pre-tensioned compression springs in operative connection with the clamping rail, which effect the clamping of the plate end, and actuating elements for releasing the pre-tension are provided, and the clamping rail is supported against actuating elements provided in the cylinder channel wall and against the wedge surface of an actuating wedge slidably arranged in the cylinder channel wall, wherein the actuating wedge is, for example,is designed to be displaceable by means of adjusting elements against the action of compression springs, wherein the wedge surface of the adjusting wedge preferably has such an inclination that self-locking occurs.

[0009] DE 36 04 073 C2 discloses a printing plate clamping device in a pit of a plate cylinder of a sheet-fed rotary printing press, in which a movable clamping element can be pressed against a cylinder-fixed clamping element by means of a pressure-medium-actuated piston to clamp the end of the printing plate, wherein the movable clamping element is designed as a multi-armed, axially mounted clamping lever, the first end of which of the lever arms is designed to clamp the end of the printing plate and the second end of which the pressure-medium-actuated piston acts, and wherein a movable locking wedge, which can be brought into frictional engagement with the second end of the lever arm, is provided to lock the second end of the lever arm in the clamping position.

[0010] DE 10 2007 021 202 B3 discloses a clamping device for fastening at least one end of a flexible elevator to a cylinder of a rotary printing press, wherein the cylinder has at least one channel that is open at least partially on its outer surface for receiving the at least one end of the elevator, wherein at least one pivotable clamping element is arranged in the channel to be movable from a release position in a clamping direction into a clamping position and, in its clamping position, holds at least one end of the elevator in position between itself and a counter surface on the channel side, wherein the clamping direction, at least in the area of ​​the clamping position of the clamping element, is a direction with respect tothe cylinder has a radially outward pointing directional component and forms an outwardly opening acute angle with the plane of the counter surface, wherein the clamping element is designed as a single-armed pivot lever pivotably mounted about a pivot axis parallel to the cylinder axis, wherein an actuating element is provided for returning the clamping element from its clamping position to a release position, wherein the angle is between 10° and 20°, wherein at least one compression spring is provided stretched between a wall of the channel and the clamping element, wherein the actuating element is a pressure-medium-actuated diaphragm body, wherein at least one of the components involved in clamping is provided with a surface that increases friction during clamping.

[0011] DE 41 40 022 A1 discloses how to adjust clamping elements arranged in a cylinder pit using an electric motor.

[0012] DE 43 14 436 A1 discloses how to mechanically adjust clamping elements arranged in a cylinder pit.

[0013] In DE 10 2012 207 103 A1, a solution for compensating for the longitudinal elongation of the printing material is presented. Here, the tensile stress of the clamped printing plate is increased, thus stretching it in the longitudinal direction.

[0014] DE 10 2012 207 111 B3 discloses a method for arranging a printing form on a plate cylinder, wherein the plate cylinder has at least one channel in which at least one front clamping device and at least one rear clamping device are arranged, wherein the rear clamping device is part of at least one slide which is arranged to be movable towards the at least one front clamping device by means of at least one clamping drive within the at least one channel along a clamping path, wherein in one clamping step at least one, mounted in a bearing arranged in a position fixed relative to the cylinder head,The rear stop element is moved relative to the cylinder head into a stop position, and then the at least one slide is moved by means of the at least one clamping drive together with the rear end of the printing form clamped in the at least one rear clamping device towards the at least one front clamping device and the first channel wall, until at least one stop body touches the at least one rear stop element, and then a fixing device is clamped and holds the at least one slide in its position.

[0015] A solution is known from DE 10 2008 023 728 A1 in which the clamping rail gripping the end of the printing plate is divided into clamping segments. To compensate for the expansion of the printing material in the axial direction of the plate cylinder, the clamping segments are displaced outwards.

[0016] From DE 10 2007 057 455 A1, a cylinder lift manipulation device is known which allows for the automatic correction of geometric deviations in the printed image. This is achieved by using an image inspection device for the geometric measurement of printed substrates, which is connected to the machine control of the printing press. The printing press has a computer that processes the measurement results from the image inspection device and is capable of performing a target / actual value comparison. If deviations are detected, actuators are activated so that the detected deviations can be minimized. Several actuators are arranged on the cylinder so that the cylinder lift can be selectively deformed across the entire printed image. These actuators are partially electrically driven and can include rotary electric motors.Actuators featuring piezoelectric drives, electromagnetic linear actuators, or electric linear motors are also proposed. Actuators that operate at least partially pneumatically are also mentioned.

[0017] DE 42 35 393 A1 discloses a method for register adjustment on sheet-fed printing presses, in particular for circumferential, lateral, condensed, wide-spaced and / or diagonal register adjustment, wherein the respective register is optically detected mechanically on the substrate and the detection result is used for automatic mechanical register adjustment. To determine substrate influences affecting the printing result (for example, sheet elongation, sheet rolling perpendicular to the printing, condensed and wide-spaced printing), marks preferably distributed across the sheet's surface are optically detected and their positions evaluated, the marks being arranged, for example, in the corner areas of the respective sheet.

[0018] EP 1 644 192 B1 discloses a method for influencing the fan-out effect by means of a device for influencing the fan-out effect and for influencing the page register by means of a page register control / regulation, wherein, to influence the fan-out effect, the image of a sensor is first evaluated, which detects the printed image on a scanning width of at least a quarter of the web width, and, in case of a deviation from a setpoint, an actuating command is transmitted to an actuator for influencing the fan-out effect, wherein, to determine the fan-out, pixels of two printed image sections of a color separation of a specific color are compared with respect to their axial position with a reference position, in particular with a reference relative position, for the pixels of the two printed image sections, wherein the reference position is the position of defined pixels orImage areas of the color separation of this color are used from image data of the prepress stage, and measurements from the same sensor are used to correct the fan-out effect and to correct the page register.

[0019] EP 0 812 683 A1 discloses a sheet-fed printing press in which the printing cylinders have their own individual drives, which are mechanically decoupled from a main drive. Their rotational speed is, for example, adjusted to the rotational speed of a main drive of the sheet-fed printing press.

[0020] Using such individual drives, it is possible to reduce or prevent errors in the register and / or register that are caused by changes in the substrate's length. This is achieved by deliberately creating a difference between the peripheral speed of the cylinder lift and the peripheral speed of the substrate, thereby selectively lengthening or shortening, for example, a printed image. This is accomplished, for instance, by varying the speed ratio between a printing cylinder and its associated impression cylinder, perhaps cyclically.

[0021] The following example illustrates how, in the printing unit in question, the form cylinder and impression cylinder have essentially the same circumference. If the impression cylinder's circumference is a multiple of the form cylinder's, the angular velocity of the form cylinder is to be assumed to be substantially greater than the angular velocity of the corresponding impression cylinder by a corresponding integer factor. For example, the angular velocity of a form cylinder is reduced compared to the angular velocity of a transfer cylinder or at least an impression cylinder as long as a cylinder head of the form cylinder is in contact with the transfer cylinder and / or as long as the transfer cylinder is in contact with the substrate.This results in an elongated printed image on the substrate, for example, to counteract the elongation of the printed image already applied to the substrate due to preceding cylinder gaps. To compensate, the angular velocity of this forming cylinder is preferably increased relative to the angular velocity of the transfer cylinder or at least the impression cylinder, as long as the cylinder head of this forming cylinder is not in contact with the transfer cylinder due to a cylinder channel of the forming cylinder and / or a cylinder channel of the transfer cylinder, and / or as long as the transfer cylinder is not in contact with the substrate due to the cylinder channel of the transfer cylinder and / or the position or shape of the impression cylinder. After one complete rotation, the relative angular position of the two cylinders is preferably identical again.This allows for the targeted compensation of unintentional errors, particularly regarding the print lengths of the printed images for the individual printing colors.

[0022] For example, in the case of mold cylinders with a circumference several times the section length of the substrate, a complete rotation of the mold cylinder can result in several cycles of increased and decreased angular velocities and thus multiple assumptions of the original relative angular position.

[0023] When the speed ratio between two adjacent cylinders changes, for example, between a forming cylinder and a transfer cylinder, or a transfer cylinder and a counter-pressure cylinder, it is always necessary for the two directly adjacent cylinders to rotate with temporarily different angular and circumferential velocities. Such adjacent cylinders usually have defined contact surfaces that roll against each other, ensuring a constant relative position of the cylinders' axes of rotation, particularly in situations where a channel of one of these cylinders faces a surface or channel of another cylinder. This prevents vibrations caused by sudden force changes, which would otherwise occur at the beginning and end of a channel.Typically, so-called Schmitz rings are used as these rolling surfaces. However, when the speed ratio changes, and thus the circumferential speeds change relative to each other, pure rolling no longer occurs; instead, there is also a sliding contact between these rolling surfaces.

[0024] The object of the invention is therefore to create a device for adapting a cylinder lift to a change in the printing material in a printing press, wherein the design of this device is very cost-effective.

[0025] The problem is solved according to the invention by a device having the features of claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous further developments and / or embodiments of the solution found.

[0026] An advantage achievable with the invention is that a clamping spindle for setting a position of the clamping element along an adjustment path directed in the circumferential direction of the mold cylinder is eliminated, which makes the construction of the clamping element in question more cost-effective.

[0027] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0028] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of several printing units of a sheet-fed printing press; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a section through a forming cylinder with a clamping device arranged in a channel; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a top view of a channel of a mold cylinder with a clamping device arranged in the channel; Fig.4 a schematic representation of a section through a channel of a forming cylinder with another clamping device arranged in the channel; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a section through a channel of a forming cylinder with another clamping device arranged in the channel; Fig. 6 a printed sheet with a printed image formed or at least to be formed on it; Fig. 7 a clamping device arranged in the channel at a position; Fig. 8 a partial section of the clamping device which is guided by a guide rail; Fig. 9 in subfigures a and b a representation of the forces involved in a self-locking of the clamping device; Fig. 10 a partial section of the mold cylinder with the clamping device arranged in the channel in self-locking fashion; Fig.11 a simplified block diagram for generating correction values.

[0029] A processing machine for sheet-shaped substrates, in particular a sheet processing machine, preferably has a substrate feed device, for example, referred to as a sheet feeder, and / or more preferably a feed device, for example, referred to as a sheet feeder, and / or more preferably a substrate discharge device, for example, referred to as a sheet delivery device. The processing machine preferably has at least one processing stage, also referred to as a unit, and more preferably several processing stages, also referred to as units. For example, the at least one unit is arranged between the substrate feed device and the substrate discharge device. Preferably, the at least one unit is configured as a printing unit 01; 02; 03, coating unit, drying unit, calendering unit, or foil transfer unit, or in another suitable manner.

[0030] The following describes, by way of example, a sheet-fed processing machine designed as a printing press, in particular a sheet-fed printing press. However, the invention is transferable to other sheet-fed processing machines that have several cylinders 07, preferably form cylinders 07, in particular printing form cylinders 07, each equipped and / or capable of being equipped with at least one cylinder lift 08. In the case of cylinder lifts 08 designed, for example, as plates, in particular printing plates, such form cylinders 07 are preferably designed as plate cylinders 07. Preferably, at least one of the units is designed as a printing unit 01; 02; 03, in particular an offset printing unit 01, 02, 03. Alternatively or additionally, at least one coating unit or several coating units can be arranged downstream. In the case of several printing units 01; 02; 03, the arrangement of one or more coating units between the printing units can also be provided.The cylinder lift 08 is, for example, a printing form 08, a lacquer plate 08, or a lacquer cloth 08. The cylinder lift 08 can also have the form of a sleeve, i.e., be closed in the circumferential direction B.

[0031] The one in Fig.An exemplary sheet-fed processing machine, in particular a sheet-fed printing press, preferably comprises several units, in particular printing units 01, 02, and 03, arranged in series. Each of these units, in particular printing units 01, 02, and 03, preferably comprises at least one substrate-guiding cylinder 04, which is preferably configured as a material-guiding cylinder 04, in particular as a sheet-guiding cylinder 04, and / or as an impression cylinder 04. Each of these units, in particular printing units 01, 02, and 03, further preferably also comprises at least one sheet transport device 05, which is preferably configured as a transfer drum 05 and more preferably as a transfer drum 05. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one sheet transport device 05 is configured as a transport cylinder and / or as a vibrating gripper. Preferably, the at least one sheet transport device 05 comprises at least one sheet-holding element and more preferably several sheet-holding elements.The at least one sheet-holding element is preferably designed as at least one gripper and / or at least one suction cup. Preferably, each of the impression cylinders 04 is assigned at least one, and preferably exactly one, cylinder 06, e.g., designed as a transfer cylinder 06, which is, for example, designed as a blanket cylinder 06. Preferably, each unit has at least one, and more preferably exactly one, cylinder 07 designed as a form cylinder 07. Preferably, the at least one form cylinder 07 is designed as a printing form cylinder 07, in particular as a plate cylinder 07. The form cylinder 07 is preferably in contact with the transfer cylinder 06, especially during printing.However, other processes are also conceivable in which the form cylinder 07, for example, comes into direct contact with the substrate, for example in a flexographic printing process and / or in an embossing process and / or in a perforating process and / or in a stamping process and / or in a corresponding coating process.

[0032] Preferably, at least one inking unit 09 is provided, which serves in particular to ink at least one cylinder lift 08 arranged on the forming cylinder 07. The at least one inking unit 09 preferably has at least one, and more preferably several, inking unit rollers 11 and at least one, and preferably several, inking application rollers 10 that are in contact with and / or can be brought into contact with the respective cylinder lift 08. For example, a dampening unit 12 is associated with the forming cylinder 07, which preferably has at least one dampening application roller 13, and for example, several dampening application rollers 13.

[0033] For example, the at least one cylinder lift 08 is designed as a printing form 08, in particular as a printing plate 08. In particular, in order to be able to arrange and / or fix the at least one cylinder lift 08 on the mold cylinder 07, the mold cylinder 07 preferably has at least one cylinder recess 14, which is designed, for example, as a cylinder channel 14 and / or is referred to as a clamping channel 14. Preferably, at least one fastening device 15 is arranged within this at least one cylinder recess 14. The at least one fastening device 15 is designed, for example, as a holding device and / or as a clamping device 15. The at least one fastening device 15 preferably serves at least to hold the at least one cylinder lift 08 on the outer surface of the respective mold cylinder 07.In particular, if the at least one fastening device 15 is also designed as a clamping device 15, it preferably also serves to clamp the at least one cylinder lift 08 on the relevant mold cylinder 07.

[0034] Preferably, the at least one fastening device 15 has at least one front fastening element 16. This front fastening element 16 preferably serves to fasten an end 17 of the cylinder lift 08 that leads at least in a pressure operation. For example, the front fastening element 16 is designed as at least one front clamping element 16. Preferably, the at least one fastening device 15 has at least one rear fastening element 18. This rear fastening element 18 preferably serves to fasten an end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 that trails at least in a pressure operation. For example, the rear fastening element 18 is designed as at least one rear clamping element 18. Preferably, at least one movable clamping element 20 is arranged, which is further preferably arranged to be movable together with the rear fastening element 18.The at least one rear fastening means 18 is further preferably designed simultaneously as at least one movable clamping element 20.

[0035] A transverse direction A is preferably oriented transversely to a transport direction of the substrate, in particular a horizontal direction A. The transverse direction A is preferably parallel to an axial direction A defined, for example, by a rotation axis 47 of the mold cylinder 07. In particular, for clamping the respective cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07, the at least one clamping element 20 is preferably arranged to be movable and / or displaceable orthogonally to the axial direction A. Preferably, several clamping elements 20 are arranged one after the other in a row with respect to the axial direction A. More preferably, the at least one clamping device 15 has several, in particular at least two and more preferably at least three, clamping elements 20, which are preferably arranged one after the other with respect to the axial direction A. Preferably, these several clamping elements 20 serve to clamp a common cylinder lift 08.Preferably, at least one clamping element 20 is arranged to be movable in and / or against the axial direction A, particularly relative to a ball 46 of the forming cylinder 07 and / or to each other. In one embodiment, a central clamping element 20 with respect to the axial direction A is arranged to be fixed relative to the ball 46 of the forming cylinder 07 with respect to the axial direction A.

[0036] The fastening device 15 allows different cylinder lifts 08 to be arranged on the printing cylinder 07, for example manually and / or at least partially or preferably fully automatically, for example by a control system implemented by a control computer, in particular by a machine control system, and in particular by means of at least one drive. For example, to execute a printing job directed to the printing press by, for example, a production planning system, the cylinder lift 08 provided for this purpose, in particular a printing plate 08, is provided, for example, in a lift storage unit 21 at the printing press and is fed, preferably automatically or at least feedable, to the printing cylinder 07 via a feed path. The lift storage unit 21 is designed, for example, as a plate cassette 21 or as a printing plate magazine of a respective printing unit 01; 02; 03.The feed path is designed, for example, as a feed chute. Preferably, the leading end 17 of the cylinder lift 08, at least during printing, is first inserted into the cylinder recess 14 of the respective mold cylinder 07 and, in particular, secured by means of the at least one front fastening element 16, especially by clamping. Then, the cylinder lift 08 is placed on a lateral surface of the barrel 46 of the mold cylinder 07, for example, by the mold cylinder 07 performing a rotational movement about its axis of rotation 47. The trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08, at least during printing, is attached to the at least one rear fastening element 18 and / or to the at least one clamping element 20, for example, by clamping.Depending on the ratio of the length of the cylinder lift 08 in circumferential direction B to the circumference of the form cylinder 07, the leading end 17 and the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 in the printing operation are held by a front fastening means 16 and a rear fastening means 18, which are arranged in the same or in different cylinder recesses 14.

[0037] In the case of a printing press, a cylinder lift 08, preferably mounted on the form cylinder 07, is colored with ink and / or varnish. A printed image 32, thus formed on the cylinder lift 08 and to be transferred, is transferred directly or, preferably, indirectly by means of the transfer cylinder 06 to the substrate, e.g., a printed sheet 31, guided by the counter-pressure cylinder 04.

[0038] A register measurement is preferably performed. When a register measurement is mentioned in the preceding and / or following text, this refers in particular to a measurement of a register and / or a measurement of a registration mark or color register. The printed image 32 created and transferred on the cylinder lift 08 and / or a printed image 32 applied to the substrate and / or the cylinder lift 08 itself is / are preferably adapted to the changes in the substrate resulting from the ongoing printing process. This preferably occurs both with respect to the axial direction A or transverse direction A and with respect to the circumferential direction B of the cylinder 07 in question, in particular the form cylinder 07.

[0039] A change in the dimensions of the substrate in its transport direction and / or parallel to the circumferential direction B is preferably compensated by a change in the dimensions and, in particular, an elongation of at least one corresponding cylinder extension 08 in the circumferential direction B and / or by a controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of the forming cylinder 07, wherein the angular position of the respective printing cylinder 07 relative to an angular position of a substrate-carrying cylinder 04; 06 is controlled or regulated. The at least one rear fastening means 18, which is preferably designed as at least one clamping element 20, preferably has at least one outer clamping element 23, for example designed as an outer clamping strip 23, and at least one inner clamping element 24, for example designed as an inner clamping strip 24.Preferably, the at least one inner clamping element 24 and the at least one outer clamping element 23 serve to fasten the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08, at least during pressure operation.

[0040] Preferably, at least one support element 25; 28 is arranged, by means of which the at least one clamping element 20 is supported and / or can be supported in the circumferential direction B relative to the ball 46 of the mold cylinder 07 and / or, in particular, relative to a channel wall 29 of the cylinder channel 14. The at least one support element 25; 28 is, for example, designed as at least one clamping spindle 25 and / or as at least one hollow body 28 whose volume can be varied, for example, as at least one pneumatic support element 28, and in particular as at least one clamping hose 28. The at least one support element 25; 28 is, for example, manually and / or at least partially or preferably fully automated, for example, controlled and / or regulated by a control system implemented in the control computer, in particular by the machine control system, and can be actuated, in particular, by means of at least one drive.

[0041] Each support element 25, designed as a clamping spindle 25, preferably has at least one thread that interacts with a thread of a respective clamping element 20 and / or with a thread that is fixed relative to the cylinder head 46. The threads preferably convert a rotational movement about an axis of the clamping spindle 25 into a directional movement of the corresponding clamping element 20 relative to the cylinder head 46 07, particularly with at least one component in the circumferential direction B or in the opposite direction. This allows the cylinder lift 08 to be tensioned and / or extended and / or relaxed with respect to the circumferential direction B.

[0042] Support elements 28, each designed as a hollow body 28 whose volume can be varied, are preferably arranged between a channel wall 29 and the at least one clamping element 20 with respect to the circumferential direction B. By increasing the quantity of a medium, in particular a fluid, for example air, arranged inside the respective hollow body 28, the hollow body 28 preferably expands, particularly in the circumferential direction B, and thereby moves the at least one clamping element 20, at least with one component, in the opposite direction B, in particular away from the channel wall 29 nearest the hollow body 28 and towards a channel wall located further away from the hollow body 28. A decrease in the quantity of fluid arranged inside the hollow body 28, in conjunction with a restoring force caused by the tension of the cylinder lift 08 and / or, for example, by a spring element, causes an opposite movement.This allows the cylinder lift 08 in question to be tensioned and / or released in the circumferential direction B. Preferably, at least one tensioning hose 28, or simply hose 28, is arranged as a hollow body 28 whose volume can be varied. Preferably, to displace the at least one tensioning element 20 in the circumferential direction B of the forming cylinder 07, the internal pressure of the at least one hollow body 28, preferably designed as a hose 28, can be increased, and in particular, can be increased in a controlled manner. For this purpose, preferably at least one actuating device, preferably remotely controlled, e.g., a valve, in particular a controllable or adjustable valve, especially a proportional valve, and / or at least one pressure reducer is provided, by means of which the internal pressure in the hollow body 28, whose volume can be varied, can be adjusted in a controlled manner.Alternatively or additionally, it is provided, for example, that the at least one hollow body 28, preferably designed as a hose 28, is filled stepwise with a partial volume of the fluid intended for filling, in particular air. The partial volumes are preferably specified by a specification regarding the volume and / or a specification regarding the opening time of a valve or similar. For example, such stepwise filling is carried out iteratively with repeated measurement of the internal pressure and / or the position of the at least one clamping element 20 relative to the ball 46 of the mold cylinder 07 and / or repeated image inspection and / or repeated register measurement until a desired value and / or state is reached.The partial volumes are preferably supplied to the hollow body 28, which is preferably designed as a hose 28, in such a way that a pressure is applied to a valve bordering the interior of this hollow body 28, which is at least as high as and preferably higher than the internal pressure provided for the interior of the hollow body 28, and that fluid flows into the interior of the cavity 28 by selectively opening this valve. In an alternative embodiment, the actuating means provided for displacing the at least one clamping element 20 in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07 is designed as a preferably electrically operated motor.

[0043] For example, at least one support element 25 designed as a clamping spindle 25 and at least one support element 28 designed as a hollow body 28 whose volume can be varied are arranged. For example, at least one clamping hose 28 is arranged exclusively.

[0044] Clamping the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B preferably serves to fasten the cylinder lift 08 to the forming cylinder 07. Clamping the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B preferably also serves at least to change the dimension of the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B, for example to compensate for changes in the substrate during its processing, in particular during the processing of a printing job pending on the printing press.

[0045] Alternatively or in addition to the means suitable for extending the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07, particularly by remote adjustment, means for extending the cylinder lift 08 in the axial direction A are preferably also arranged.

[0046] A change in the dimensions of the substrate in the transverse direction A, and thus parallel to the axial direction A, is preferably compensated by a change in the dimensions and, in particular, an extension of at least one corresponding cylinder lift 08 in the axial direction A. Preferably, the clamping device 15 has at least one displacement means 27; 34 for changing the position of at least one of the clamping elements 20 with respect to the axial direction A and / or for extending at least one cylinder lift 08 with respect to the axial direction A. For this purpose, the at least one clamping element 20 is supported and / or can be supported by means of this at least one displacement means 27; 34 in and / or against the axial direction A against at least one further clamping element 20 and / or against a component fixed to the cylinder 46 of the forming cylinder 07, for example, against the cylinder 46 of the forming cylinder 07 itself.In particular, displacement means 27 are preferably provided, each arranged between two clamping elements 20 or between a limit of the cylinder channel 14 related to the axial direction A and the respective outer clamping elements 20. The at least one displacement means 27; 34 is, for example, manually and / or at least partially or preferably fully automated, for example by a control system implemented in the control computer, in particular by the machine control system, and can be actuated, in particular, by means of at least one drive.

[0047] In a first embodiment of the at least one displacement means 27, the respective at least one displacement means 27 is connected, for example, to at least two clamping elements 20. The at least one displacement means 27 is then designed, for example, as at least one displacement spindle 27 and / or as at least one hollow body 27 whose volume can be changed, in particular as at least one displacement hose 27 and / or as at least one electric drive, e.g., a motor.

[0048] In a second embodiment of the at least one displacement means 34, the respective at least one displacement means 34 is connected, for example, exclusively to a clamping element 20 on the one hand and to a component fixed to the coil 46 of the forming cylinder 07 on the other, for example, the coil 46 of the forming cylinder 07 itself. Preferably, the at least one displacement means 34 is designed such that it allows different travel distances for the displacement of the same respective clamping element 20 and / or that it allows different travel distances for the displacement of different clamping elements 20. Two examples of this second embodiment are described below.

[0049] In a first example of the second embodiment of the at least one displacement means 34, axial displacement of the at least one clamping element 20 is preferably effected by means of an extension of at least one first force transmission element 36, or, more succinctly, first force transmitter 36, with respect to the axial direction A. Preferably, the at least one clamping element 20, and more preferably several clamping elements 20, are arranged in the cylindrical recess 14, particularly one after the other in a row with respect to the axial direction A. Preferably, at least two, and more preferably at least three, clamping elements 20 are arranged one after the other in this manner. Preferably, the at least one clamping element 20 has at least one outer clamping element 23 and at least one inner clamping element 24. More preferably, each of the at least two clamping elements 20 has at least one outer clamping element 23 and at least one inner clamping element 24.In an initial position, the multiple clamping elements 20 are arranged, for example, such that their inner clamping elements 24 are aligned in the axial direction A and / or that their outer clamping elements 23 are aligned in the axial direction A. However, this condition can be reversed, particularly by different displacements of the individual clamping elements 20 with respect to the circumferential direction B.

[0050] Preferably, the trailing end 19, at least during pressure operation, is attached to the respective clamping element 20 by clamping the trailing end 19, at least during pressure operation, between the respective inner clamping element 24 and the respective outer clamping element 23.

[0051] The actuation of the respective actuating means acting on the at least one clamping element 20 for displacing the clamping element 20 in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07 and / or in its axial direction A is preferably carried out from outside the mold cylinder 07, in particular without contact, e.g. magnetically.

[0052] Preferably, the at least one displacement means 34 comprises at least one first force-generating element 35 or a first force generator 35. Preferably, the at least one displacement means 34 comprises at least one first force transmission element 36. The at least one force-generating element 35 is preferably activatable and deactivatable. The at least one force-generating element 35 is preferably designed as at least one first displacement drive 35. The at least one force-generating element 35 is preferably designed as at least one hollow body 35 whose volume can be changed, for example, as at least one pneumatic force-generating element 35, in particular as at least one expandable hose 35. Preferably, this hollow body 35 is pressurized with compressed air or at least can be pressurized with it.

[0053] For example, at least one rotary inlet is preferably arranged on at least one end face of the relevant mold cylinder 07, in particular on one of its pins, to convey the fluid, e.g., air as the medium, into the mold cylinder 07 and in particular into the hollow body 35 or expansion tube 35 and / or into the tensioning tube 28. The at least one rotary inlet is preferably designed as a multi-channel system, i.e., different support elements 28 and / or force-generating elements 35 can each preferably be pressurized with fluids of different pressures. The at least one rotary inlet is also designed in such a way that a support element 28 and / or force-generating element 35 arranged in the relevant mold cylinder 07, which is to be pressurized with a fluid, is pressurized or at least can be pressurized with the fluid during a rotation of this mold cylinder 07.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the at least one rotary insertion, its several channels are each pressurized or at least can be pressurized with fluids of different pressures during the rotation of the mold cylinder 07.

[0054] Preferably, to displace the at least one clamping element 20 in the axial direction A of the forming cylinder 07, the internal pressure of the hollow body 35, preferably designed as an expansion hose 35, can be increased, and in particular, can be increased in a controlled manner. For this purpose, at least one valve, in particular a proportional valve, and / or at least one pressure reducer is preferably provided, by means of which an internal pressure can be controlled. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided, for example, that the hollow body 35, preferably designed as an expansion hose 35, is filled in stages with partial volumes of the fluid intended for filling, in particular air. The partial volumes are preferably predetermined by a specification regarding the volume and / or a specification regarding the opening time of a valve or similar.For example, such a stepwise filling process is carried out iteratively with repeated measurement of the internal pressure and / or the position of the at least one clamping element 20 relative to the ball 46 of the mold cylinder 07 and / or repeated image inspection and / or repeated register measurement until a desired value and / or state is reached. The partial volumes are preferably supplied to the hollow body 35, which is preferably designed as an expansion tube 35, in such a way that a pressure is applied to a valve bordering the interior of this hollow body 35 that is at least as high as, and preferably higher than, the internal pressure provided for the interior of the hollow body 35, and that fluid flows into the interior of the cavity 35 by selectively opening this valve. In an alternative embodiment, the actuating means provided for displacing the at least one clamping element 20 in the axial direction A of the mold cylinder 07 is designed as a preferably electrically operated motor.

[0055] For example, the at least one force-generating element 35 is arranged such that a force 39 generated by it is initially oriented at least substantially orthogonal to the axial direction A. Then, preferably, at least one force-transmitting element 36 is arranged, which is designed, for example, as at least one lever or, more preferably, at least one first bending spring 36. Preferably, the at least one bending spring 36 is pre-formed such that a convex region of the bending spring 36 faces the at least one force-generating element 35 and is arranged in the same position with respect to the axial direction A as the at least one force-generating element 35. Thus, preferably, the at least one bending spring 36 is arranged in its longitudinal extent in the axial direction A. Preferably, the at least one force-transmitting element 36 is connected to and / or in contact with the ball 46 of the forming cylinder 08 at at least one first connection point 37.The first connection point 37 is also referred to, for example, as a cylinder bearing 37. Preferably, the at least one force transmission element 36 is connected to and / or in contact with the at least one clamping element 20 at at least a second connection point 38. The second connection point 38 is also referred to, for example, as a clamping element bearing 38. Preferably, the first connection point 37 and / or the second connection point 38 allow relative movement between the at least one force transmission element 36 on the one hand and the barrel 46 of the mold cylinder 07 and / or the respective clamping element 20 on the other hand with respect to the circumferential direction B. This is made possible, for example, by the arrangement of at least one dovetail guide 45, which establishes, for example, a connection between the barrel 46 of the mold cylinder 07 and the clamping element 20.

[0056] Preferably, a force 39 emanating from the force-generating element 35 can change the shape and / or position of the at least one force-transmitting element 36 such that the second connection point 37 is moved away from the first connection point 37 with respect to the axial direction A. For example, the force 39 emanating from the force-generating element 35 is generated by an increased pressure within the expansion tube 35. For example, to change the shape and / or position of the at least one force-transmitting element 36, its convexity is reduced and / or its extension in the axial direction A is increased. For example, the bending spring 36, as a force-transmitting element 36, can be subjected to a force 39 via the expansion tube 35, which acts essentially transversely to the longitudinal extent of the bending spring and preferably acts in the middle of the bending spring 36.This leads to a deformation of the bending spring 36, so that a distance a between the cylinder bearing 37 and the clamping element bearing 38 increases and thus the clamping element 20 is displaced with respect to the axial direction A.

[0057] Preferably, the at least one force transmission element 36 is designed to be elastic such that it generates a counterforce opposing its deformation, which is further preferably less than the force 39 that can be generated by the force-generating element 35. This allows, for example, the bending spring 36 to return to its original position when the bending spring 36 is relieved by venting the expansion hose 35. If the clamping element bearing 38 is designed as a loose second connection point 38, then preferably at least one restoring element 40 generating a restoring force is arranged, for example in the form of a compression spring 40. This allows the respective clamping element 20 to be moved back to its initial position with respect to the axial direction A.Alternatively or in addition to the return element 40, for example a positive locking connection is provided between the ball 46 on the one hand and the force transmission element 36 on the other hand at the second connection point 38, as well as between the clamping element 20 on the one hand and the force transmission element 36 on the other hand at the first connection point 37, in order to return the respective clamping element 20 to its initial position with respect to the axial direction A, in particular by the force transmission element 36 itself causing the counterforce.

[0058] Alternatively or additionally to the expansion hose 35, at least one pneumatic cylinder and / or at least one hydraulic cylinder and / or at least one electric drive can also be used as a force-generating element 35, for example in conjunction with at least one gearbox, such as a threaded spindle. The at least one force transmission element 36 is alternatively or additionally designed as at least one toggle lever mechanism. Preferably, the force 39 of the force-generating element 35 then acts on a joint between two levers, so that the extension of the toggle lever mechanism causes the displacement of the respective clamping element 20.

[0059] A second example of the second embodiment of the at least one displacement means 34 differs from the first example, in particular, in the type and / or direction of the force exerted by the force transmission element 36. While in the first example the clamping element 20 is pushed by the force transmission element 36 when the force generation element 35 is activated, in the second example the clamping element 20 is pulled by the force transmission element 36 when the force generation element 35 is activated. Unless otherwise described, the second example preferably corresponds to the first example. Preferably, the at least one bending spring 36 is preformed such that a concave region of the bending spring 36 faces the at least one force generation element 35 and is arranged in the same position with respect to the axial direction A as the at least one force generation element 35.

[0060] Preferably, a force emanating from the force-generating element 35 can change the shape and / or position of the at least one force-transmitting element 36 such that the second connection point 37 is moved towards the first connection point 37 with respect to the axial direction A. For example, the force 39 emanating from the force-generating element 35 is generated by an increased pressure within the expansion tube 35. For example, to change the shape and / or position of the at least one force-transmitting element 36, its concavity is increased and / or its extension in the axial direction A is reduced. For example, the bending spring 36, as a force-transmitting element 36, can be subjected to a force 39 via the expansion tube 35, which acts essentially transversely to the longitudinal extent of the bending spring 36 and preferably acts in the middle of the bending spring 36.This leads to a deformation of the bending spring 36, so that the distance b between the cylinder bearing 37 and the clamping element bearing 38 decreases, and thus the clamping element 20 is displaced with respect to the axial direction A. If a return element 40 is provided, it is preferably designed as at least one tension spring 40.

[0061] Alternatively, a force transmission element 36 is not arranged, but a force generation element 35 is directly connected to the respective at least one clamping element 20 and is designed to directly adjust its position with respect to the axial direction A.

[0062] The cylinder lift 08 mounted on the mold cylinder 07 is preferably adjusted in its dimensions according to predetermined values ​​and preferably remotely adjustable in the axial direction A and / or in the circumferential direction B, in particular stretched.

[0063] To stretch the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B, the cylinder lift 08 is preferably arranged on the mold cylinder 07 and further preferably attached at its leading end 17 in or to the front fastening element 16, in particular by clamping, and held at its trailing end 19 in the clamping element 20 of the clamping device 15 arranged in the cylinder channel 14. In particular, by moving the at least one clamping element 20 with respect to the circumferential direction B, a tensile stress FZ is built up within the cylinder lift 08, which is increased to stretch the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B. By displacing the clamping elements 20 in the circumferential direction B, the cylinder lift 08 is tensioned on the surface of the mold cylinder 07 and optionally stretched.

[0064] The at least one clamping element 20, which is movably arranged in the clamping channel 14, preferably has at least one outer clamping element 23 and at least one inner clamping element 24, wherein the clamping element 20, or at least one of its inner clamping elements 24, is guided in its movement in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07 by at least one guide rail 48 extending in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07, which is fixedly connected in particular to the ball 46 of this mold cylinder 07, e.g. along an adjustment path S, wherein this at least one guide rail 48 is preferably arranged on or in the base 49 of the clamping channel 14 or at a low height above the base 49 of the clamping channel 14 ( Fig. 7 and Fig.8) A low height above the base 49 of the clamping channel 14 is understood to mean a height that, measured from the level of the base 49 of the clamping channel 14, measures at most half the overall height of the clamping element 20 arranged in the clamping channel 14, i.e., in particular its inner clamping element 24, preferably only up to one-third of this overall height. In a preferred embodiment, the guide rail 48 is designed as a tongue-and-groove system, wherein a T-shaped groove extending in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07 is formed at the end of the inner clamping element 24 arranged in the clamping channel 14 facing the base 49 of the clamping channel 14, and a T-shaped spring, guided in this groove, in particular with only a small clearance of less than, for example, 0.3 mm, is formed at the base 49 of the clamping channel 14, as shown in the Fig.Figure 8 is shown as an example. The clamping element 20, which moves in the circumferential direction B of the forming cylinder 07, is driven by the hollow body 28, whose volume can be varied, preferably by means of a piston 53 acting directly on the clamping element 20, preferably against the force FF of at least one spring element 51, which is firmly supported in or on a holder 52 in the clamping channel 14. The at least one spring element 51 is preferably designed as a compression spring. With a reduction or elimination of the pressure exerted on this clamping element 20 by the pneumatic means 28, i.e., in particular by the hollow body 28, the clamping element 20 remains in a self-locking state at its position, e.g., set along the travel S, due in particular to the tensile stress FZ built up within the cylinder lift 08, which opposes the pressure exerted on the clamping element 20.

[0065] The development of self-inhibition is explained by the Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b is explained in more detail, wherein, in the preferred embodiment, only one of the clamping elements 20, which are guided, for example, in the at least one guide rail 48 preferably along an adjustment path S in the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07, is shown in a partial section with its at least one outer clamping element 23 and its at least one inner clamping element 24. The following forces or corresponding stresses and / or pressures are evident from the respective illustration: FZ Counterforce or tensile stress of the cylinder lift 08 FF Counterforce of the spring element 51 FH Pressure or driving force of the hollow body 28 FA; FB Managers along the management track 48 FAr; FBr Friction forces along the guide rail 48

[0066] Fig.Figure 3a shows the tensioning state of a cylinder lift 08, preferably arranged on a shaped cylinder 07. Due to the geometric conditions, the resulting force in the vicinity of the, for example, T-shaped guide rail 48 predominates over the counterforce FZ of the cylinder lift 08. The cylinder lift 08 is moved along the travel path S, defined, for example, by the at least one guide rail 48, in the direction of the indicated movement arrow and is thereby tensioned.

[0067] Fig.Figure 3b shows the self-locking state, i.e., the clamping element 20 remaining in a position located, for example, along the travel path S. When the driving force FH of the hollow body 28, and thus the resulting force, decreases relative to the counterforce FZ of the cylinder lift 08 and falls below a limit value determined, for example, by the guiding forces FA; FB acting along the at least one guide rail 48, as well as frictional forces FAr; FBr, or disappears completely, the clamping element 20, preferably guided with only slight play, i.e., its at least one inner clamping element 24, is, for example, in or on the at least one guide rail 48, locked in the position previously, for example,along the set position S, the clamping element 20 is “jammed” because the counterforce FZ of the cylinder lift 08 exerts a torque on the clamping element 20 in the same direction as this counterforce FZ, with its pivot point being in the area of ​​the guide rail 48, causing the clamping element 20 to “tilt” from its arrangement orthogonal to the base 49 of the clamping channel 14 in the direction of the counterforce FZ of the cylinder lift 08 and thereby lock itself onto the at least one guide rail 48 by tilting or be held in the previously set position.

[0068] Fig. Figure 10 shows again in a partial sectional view of the relevant mold cylinder 07 one of the clamping elements 20 arranged in or on the at least one guide rail 48 in a self-locking manner.

[0069] To stretch the cylinder lift 08, in particular at least the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 in the axial direction A, at least two of the clamping elements 20 are preferably displaced relative to this axial direction A, particularly starting from the center of the barrel 46 of the forming cylinder 07 with respect to the axial direction A. By displacing the clamping elements 20 in the axial direction A, the cylinder lift 08 is spread and thus stretched in the region of its trailing end 19. A change in the tensile stress FZ in the cylinder lift 08 in question, either in the axial direction A and / or in the circumferential direction B, leads in each case to a dimensional change of this cylinder lift 08, i.e., to a change in its length and / or width.

[0070] In the case of a self-locking clamping element 20 arranged in the cylinder channel 14, the tensile stress FZ built up by this clamping element 20 in a cylinder lift 08 can only be increased, but not reduced during the rotation of the respective mold cylinder 07. An unintentionally excessive tensile stress FZ cannot be reversed during the rotation of the respective mold cylinder 07, but only after the respective mold cylinder 07 has come to a standstill and the outer clamping element 23 of the respective clamping element 20, designed as an outer clamping strip 23, has been released.Therefore, in a processing machine, in particular a printing press, comprising several printing units 01; 02; 03, it is provided that an excessively built-up tensile stress FZ in a cylinder lift 08 of a form cylinder 07, which is particularly involved in processing the printing job, is compensated by adjusting the respective tensile stress FZ in a cylinder lift 08 of at least one other form cylinder 07 of at least one of the other printing units 01; 02; 03, which are particularly involved in processing this printing job.

[0071] This enables a method for adapting at least one cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate in the circumferential direction B of a form cylinder 07 to be carried out, in which at least two cylinder lifts 08 are arranged in a printing press, each on different form cylinders 07, in which a tensile stress FZ is built up in each of these cylinder lifts 08, at least in the circumferential direction B of their respective supporting form cylinder 07, in which the respective tensile stress FZ is increased during the rotation of the respective form cylinder 07, in particular by an effect in its circumferential direction B, e.g.a displacement of a clamping element 20 is built up along a positioning path S, in which the clamping element 20 in question is displaced by a driving force FH, in particular directed against the relevant tensile stress FZ, in which at least one of the clamping elements 20 is held in its position when the driving force FH is reduced below a limit value, e.g. remaining in a self-locking state, in which an excessive tensile stress FZ built up by the clamping element 20 held in its position, e.g. remaining in self-locking state, is compensated in a cylinder lift 08 on a form cylinder 07, in particular involved in processing a specific print job, by adjusting, i.e. in particular by increasing the respective tensile stress FZ in the respective cylinder lift 08 of at least one other form cylinder 07, in particular involved in processing this print job.This method can be advantageously carried out in combination with one or more of the other features already described or mentioned below.

[0072] In particular, necessary settings and / or controls for the clamping elements 20 and / or the drive of the forming cylinder 07 can be derived by register measurements preferably performed inline on the processing machine. Specifically, the necessary settings and / or controls for the clamping elements 20 are made not only for tracking during the rotation of the respective forming cylinder 07, but also during the setup of the processing machine, which is preferably designed as a printing press. Preferably, each cylinder lift 08 of a print job is provided with at least one image feature during its exposure, for example, in the form of a registration mark. The at least one image feature is generally arranged in a print-image-free area of ​​the cylinder lift 08, but can also, for example, be part of the print image 32 itself.Preferably, at least two such image features are provided, which differ from each other with respect to their position on the mold cylinder 07 in the axial direction A and / or in the circumferential direction B.

[0073] For example, these are provided in at least one print-image-free area extending in the axial direction A and / or the circumferential direction B of the mold cylinder 07.

[0074] Preferably, specific data, such as the material, thickness, and / or format of the clamping element 20, are stored in a memory, for example, in the control computer of the processing machine that controls at least the relevant clamping element 20, for the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job. Alternatively, machine-specific data, such as the position or orientation of the respective clamping elements 20, is stored in this or another memory before the print job is processed. It is advantageous to determine and store in the respective memory the machine-specific data relating to each of the printing units 01, 02, and 03 involved in processing the print job, specifically for each clamping element 20. This allows for individual machine-specific data for each printing unit 01, 02, and 03, which, for example,Taking into account a ranking of these printing units 01; 02; 03 in their respective use during the processing of the print job in question, and in particular in conjunction with specific data for the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or with specific data for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job, dimensional changes on the substrate caused by the printing process can be counteracted in an automatic control or regulation system by determining correction values ​​from the control computer, taking this specific data into account. These correction values ​​are used to control, for example, at least one of the clamping elements 20 and / or to set and / or adjust the angular position of the relevant printing cylinder 07 relative to the angular position of a substrate-guiding cylinder 04; 06. The control computer determines a deviation of, for example,The control computer compares actual values ​​relating to the printing process and / or at least one dimension of the substrate to target values ​​and then determines correction values ​​from this target / actual value comparison, e.g., for the position or location of the relevant clamping element, which reduce or eliminate this deviation. The control computer is preferably part of the machine control system. Furthermore, process-specific data can be stored in this or another memory, whereby the process-specific data relates in particular to the production speed of the processing machine and / or the climatic production conditions, such as information about the temperature and / or humidity of the air surrounding the substrate.

[0075] The data specific to the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or to the substrate to be printed in the pending print job are stored in their respective memory or in the common memory, preferably depending on at least one variable process parameter or machine parameter, e.g. depending on the production speed of the processing machine, in particular on a printing speed of the printing press, which is preferably designed as a sheet-fed printing press.

[0076] The storage of specific data, determined computationally or experimentally, which depends on a variable process or machine parameter, is done, for example, in a table or by a mathematically describable functional relationship. This functional relationship is represented, or at least can be represented, in a Cartesian coordinate system, for example, by pairs of values ​​or as a curve. Such a curve is also referred to as a tracking curve.

[0077] Preferably, a set of specific data or various tracking curves are stored in the relevant memory, from which a selection can be made as needed, particularly by the operator of the processing machine (preferably a printing press) or automatically. The respective specific data or each of these tracking curves can, for example, depend on one or more of the following parameters: • the production speed of the processing machine • a setting of an inking unit 09 concerning, for example, its inking zones, a ductor speed or a lifter stroke • a setting of a dampening system 12 • information about, for example, the current or intended surface coverage of the printing material • a height of the relevant cylinder lift 08, i.e., information on the actual diameter of surfaces, e.g., a printing plate and / or a rubber blanket. • a type, in particular a type of rubber blanket or a conveying behavior of the rubber blanket • a setting of pressure between the substrate and the transfer cylinder 06 interacting with the relevant form cylinder 07, i.e., in particular the rubber blanket • information concerning the substrate, e.g. its type or material, its basis weight, its fiber orientation, its thickness, its length and / or width, the nature of its surface to be processed (e.g. coated or uncoated), its moisture expansion behavior • information about the temperature and / or humidity of the air surrounding the printing material

[0078] All of these specific data can be used individually or in any combination for the respective setting and / or tracking, e.g., for at least one of the clamping elements 20 and / or for setting the angular position of at least one of the cylinders 04, 06, 07 involved in the printing process. That is, each of these tracking curves can be used individually or together with at least one of the other tracking curves for the respective setting and / or tracking, e.g., for at least one of the clamping elements 20 and / or for setting the angular position of at least one of the cylinders 04, 06, 07 involved in the printing process. Using the specific data, at least one print image 31, at least one cylinder lift 08, or both can be adapted to a change in the substrate.

[0079] Furthermore, it can be provided that the specific data used as correction values ​​are entered by the operator of the processing machine, preferably designed as a printing press, into the control computer that adjusts and / or follows the respective clamping elements 20. The correction values ​​entered by the operator into the control computer can be used individually or together, e.g., superimposed, in particular in addition to at least one of the follow-up curves stored in the control computer, for the respective adjustment and / or follow-up of, for example, at least one of the clamping elements 20 and / or for adjusting an angular position of at least one of the cylinders 04, 06, or 07 involved in the printing process.

[0080] The specific data or correction values ​​used for the respective setting and / or tracking of at least one of the clamping elements 20 can also be learned by the control computer by preferably recording several printed sheets processed successively in the processing machine, between each of which at least one parameter in the processing machine was changed, by a detection device 60 belonging to an inspection system, for example, and comparing each with a reference, wherein the reference is formed, for example, by another printed sheet 31 or by a printing template from a prepress stage. Depending on deviations from the reference determined in the aforementioned comparison, preferably automatically by the inspection system or the control computer, for example, using calculation algorithms, the following can be determined, for example:The control computer automatically determines correction values ​​and stores them in the relevant memory for the aforementioned use in the respective setting and / or tracking, e.g., at least one of the clamping elements 20 and / or for setting an angular position of at least one of the cylinders 04; 06; 07 involved in the printing process.

[0081] Advantageously, a method for adapting a printed image 32 and / or at least one cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate in a printing press can be implemented, in which at least one cylinder lift 08, or the cylinder lift 08 in question, is clamped on the outer surface of the printing cylinder 07 by means of at least one clamping element 20 arranged in a cylinder channel 14 of a printing cylinder 07 of the printing press, and in which a tensile stress FZ is generated within the respective cylinder lift 08 by means of a movement of the at least one clamping element 20 in the axial direction A and / or in the circumferential direction B of the printing cylinder 07. The adaptation to the change in the substrate is carried out, in particular, during the rotation of the printing cylinder 07 in its circumferential direction B by a drive of the printing cylinder 07 by means of a controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of this printing cylinder 07.With the at least one clamping element 20, a specific value for the respective tensile tension FZ is set and / or adjusted to adapt to the change in the substrate by a control computer within the cylinder lift 08, particularly when setting up the printing press for an upcoming print job and / or during the rotation of the printing cylinder 07 during the processing of the print job.Alternatively or additionally, the angular position of the relevant printing cylinder 07 relative to the angular position of a substrate-carrying cylinder 04; 06 is controlled or regulated, wherein the determined value for the respective tensile stress FZ and / or the angular position of the relevant printing cylinder 07 is set and / or maintained based on specific data stored in at least one memory for the respective cylinder lift 08 and / or for a substrate to be printed in the pending print job and / or based on machine-specific data and / or based on process-specific data.The adaptation of the printed image 32 and / or the at least one cylinder lift 08 to the change in the substrate is preferably carried out on the basis of specific data stored in at least one memory location for the respective cylinder lift 08 and / or for a substrate to be printed in the pending print job and / or on the basis of machine-specific data and / or on the basis of process-specific data. The specific data for the mounted cylinder lift 08 relate, for example, to the height and / or type of the respective cylinder lift 08. The specific data for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job relate, for example, to information about its type or material and / or its basis weight and / or its fiber orientation and / or its thickness and / or its length and / or width and / or the nature of its surface to be processed or its moisture expansion behavior. The machine-specific data relate, for example, to...The process-specific data includes, for example, a setting of an inking unit 09 of the printing press and / or a setting of a dampening unit 12 of the printing press and / or a setting of the pressure between the substrate and, for example, a transfer cylinder 06 of the printing press that interacts with the form cylinder 07, and / or the respective position of at least one clamping element 20 before the printing job is processed. The process-specific data relate, for example, to a production speed of the printing press and / or information about the surface coverage of the substrate and / or information about the temperature and / or humidity of the air surrounding the substrate.The specific data for the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or the specific data for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job are stored in the at least one memory in the preferred embodiment as a function of at least one variable process parameter or machine parameter, wherein the at least one variable process parameter is, for example, the production speed of the printing press and / or the information about the surface coverage of the substrate and / or the information about the temperature and / or humidity of the air surrounding the substrate and / or wherein the at least one variable machine parameter is, for example,The setting of the inking unit 09 of the printing press and / or the setting of the dampening unit 12 of the printing press and / or the setting of the pressure between the substrate and the transfer cylinder 06 of the printing press, which interacts with the form cylinder 07, and / or the respective position of the at least one clamping element 20 before the processing of the print job. The storage of the specific data for the clamped cylinder assembly 08 and / or the specific data for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job and / or the machine-specific data and / or the process-specific data is carried out in the at least one memory location, each in a table or by a mathematically describable functional relationship, whereby the respective functional relationship is represented in a coordinate system by pairs of values ​​or in a curve.The specific data for the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or the specific data for the substrate to be printed in the upcoming print job and / or the machine-specific data and / or the process-specific data are each determined computationally or experimentally. The specific data are entered, for example, by a printing press operator into the control computer that sets and / or adjusts the respective clamping elements 20.

[0082] Even in the case of several clamping elements 20 remaining in their respective positions, e.g. self-locking, in different form cylinders 07 involved in processing the same printing job, the setting and / or adjustment of the respective tensile stress FZ in at least one of the cylinder lifts 08 is preferably carried out taking into account at least some of the specific data described above.

[0083] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that system-inherent correction values, which result from the machine-specific data and / or from the specific data for the clamped cylinder lift 08 and / or from the specific data for the substrate to be printed in the pending print job and / or from the process-specific data, are taken into account to compensate for an expected change in the substrate before the print job is processed, i.e., in particular when setting up the printing press for the pending print job, especially when adjusting the respective clamping elements 20, and then, during the processing of this print job, the previously made setting of the respective tensile stress FZ exerted, e.g., by the clamping elements 20, is adjusted, especially on the basis of at least one variable process parameter or machine parameter.

[0084] A procedure for generating correction values, in particular taking into account initial correction values ​​when setting up the printing press and adjusting the settings during the processing of this print job, will now be illustrated using the following example: Fig.Figure 11 explains this. There, the printing cylinders of a printing unit 01; 02; 03 are schematically depicted. Such a printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprises, in the area of ​​a so-called printing unit superstructure, a first printing cylinder designed for the offset printing process as a transfer cylinder 06, e.g., as a rubber cylinder. A further printing cylinder, designed as a form cylinder 07, is assigned to this first cylinder. Furthermore, the printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprises, in the area of ​​a so-called printing unit substructure, a printing cylinder designed as a printing cylinder 04 and a transfer drum, also referred to as a transfer drum 05. In the exemplary embodiment, the transfer drum 05, the printing cylinder 04, and the first printing cylinder are driven by a continuous gear train 55 driven by a main drive motor (not shown here).

[0085] The second printing cylinder is assigned a position-controlled drive. This is usually designed as a direct drive (DA), meaning the drive motor is coaxially and rigidly connected to the drive shaft of the second printing cylinder, and there is no positive-locking connection to the drives of other cylinders and / or rollers.

[0086] This position-controlled drive can be tracked in relation to the first printing cylinder. This is achieved by comparing the actual position values ​​LW1 of the first printing cylinder with the actual position values ​​LW2 of the second printing cylinder. The resulting position differences are determined, and these values ​​serve as the basis for controlling the position-controlled drive. This process generates a printing press-specific error that must be compensated for. This is done by determining the values ​​for correcting the drive of the second printing cylinder from the position differences and a compensation curve (not shown here). In other words, corrected values ​​for the position-controlled drive are determined. This takes place in a control unit 56.

[0087] The group of printing press-specific errors mentioned above includes, for example, errors caused by runout of the first printing cylinder. Printing press-specific errors also include errors that can arise, for example, from runout of at least one angular position sensor on the first printing cylinder intended to detect the angle of rotation. Furthermore, printing press-specific errors occur when substrates are applied to the first printing cylinder. Such errors are also inherent in gearboxes, for instance.

[0088] These systematic, printing press-specific errors are detected during the printing process before delivery and / or during setup before a series of print jobs or before each individual print job and stored in the control unit 56. From these values, initial angle-related correction values ​​KW1, generated from the printing press-specific errors, are determined. These initial correction values ​​KW1 are then transmitted to a downstream superposition computer 57 in the form of initial correction signals 58 and stored there. The initial correction values ​​KW1 are then available for controlling the position-controlled drive.

[0089] The device for determining the angle-related correction values ​​also includes a calculation unit 59 for determining second angle-related correction values ​​KW2. This calculation unit 59 is provided with print job-specific errors as a basis for calculating the second correction values ​​KW2.

[0090] This group of print-job-specific errors includes, for example, register errors that arise as a result of the elongation of the printed sheet 31. As the printed sheet 31 is progressively loaded with ink and moisture from one printing unit to the next during its passage, it changes its dimensions in both length and width. This increase in the length of the printed sheet 31 can be compensated for, for example, by the previously described print length compensation. This is achieved by precisely controlling the position-adjustable drive. This is accomplished by cyclically varying the circumferential speed of the subsequent printing cylinder relative to the first printing cylinder. That is, the subsequent printing cylinder is driven faster than the first printing cylinder within each revolution, thereby generating minimal slippage between the surfaces of the two cylinders.This ensures that the printed image 32 to be applied to the printing sheet 31 is printed for a longer period, thus compensating for the increasing change in the length of the printing sheet 31 from printing unit to printing unit or from color to color. After each revolution, the rotational speed is reset to the rotational speed of the first printing cylinder.

[0091] The measured values ​​as a basis for this pressure length composition can be determined, for example, as follows: As from the Fig. As can be seen in Figure 11, the printed image 32 of the printing sheet 31 has at least two registration marks 42, which were applied during the exposure of the printing plate. These are arranged at the beginning and end of the printing process of the printed image 32, in the direction of transport of the printing sheet 31 indicated by an arrow. It is also possible to place a third registration mark between these two.

[0092] The current print length can be determined in various ways. Manual determination of the print length is still widespread. This is done by printing test sheets during the preparation of a print job or by taking test sheets during an ongoing printing process. A test sheet is evaluated by manually checking the position of the registration marks for each color at the beginning of the print run and correcting any registration deviations automatically, i.e., by the printing press control system. Another test sheet is then printed or taken. The distances to the rear registration marks, located at the end of the print run, are then measured, and the values ​​are transmitted to processing unit 59. There, the deviations for each color are determined.

[0093] If third registration marks, not shown here, are present, intermediate values ​​can be obtained by measuring these marks. These intermediate values ​​allow a statement about the progression of the printing length in the transport direction of the printed sheet 31. This makes it possible to change the printing length more precisely, i.e., the change in printing length can be locally targeted. This requires the use of suitable equipment, such as actuators.

[0094] Another way to determine the print length is, for example, to use a detection device 60, such as a camera (e.g., part of an inspection system), to detect register deviations in the printed image 32 and to determine the print length from these register deviations. This can be done manually on test sheets or inline in the printing press.

[0095] Both the values ​​determined manually via measurement of the registration marks and the automatically determined values ​​are now available in processing unit 59. This makes it possible to determine the second correction values ​​for week 2.

[0096] As a result of the calculation of the second correction values ​​KW2, second correction signals 61 are transmitted to the subsequently arranged superposition computer 57.

[0097] In the superposition computer 57, the first correction values ​​KW1 are superimposed with the second correction values ​​KW2. Control signals 62 are generated, which are transmitted to a drive control 63 of the further printing cylinder.

[0098] The superposition of a first correction value KW1 with a second correction value KW2 can be performed sequentially. This means that, for example, for the first rotation angle range, a first correction value KW1 is specified to the position-controlled drive, the control signal 62 is generated, and the position-controlled drive is set. After this process, the second correction value KW2 is specified for the following second rotation angle range, the control signal 62 is generated, and the position-controlled drive is set. Subsequently, the first correction value KW1 is specified again for the following third rotation angle range. This sequence continues until the cycle is completed at 360°.

[0099] In a further embodiment, the superposition of the first correction values ​​KW1 with the second correction values ​​KW2 is carried out simultaneously. In this process, a first correction value KW1 is calculated with a second correction value KW2 in the superposition computer 57, and a control signal 62 is provided for each rotation angle range for controlling the position-controlled drive.

[0100] The control computer of the processing machine, in particular the printing press, can, for example, combine the previously described functions of the control unit 56 and / or the superposition computer 57 and / or the computing unit 59 and / or, if applicable, also the drive control 63.

[0101] When a print job is processed, the actual position of each image feature printed on the respective cylinder lift 08, particularly the registration mark, is preferably recorded for each printing unit 01, 02, 03. For example, after a proof print, an operator removes a substrate sheet, measures the relative position of the image features, and transmits these values ​​to the control computer. Alternatively or additionally, this process is performed automatically, particularly using appropriate sensors. For example, during the processing of the print job, the positions of the image features are recorded at fixed or at least definable intervals or continuously and transmitted to the control computer.In this way, the position of the clamping elements 20 and / or the rotational movement of the at least one form cylinder 07 involved in the printing process can be continuously adjusted during the processing of the substrate, especially during an ongoing printing process of the printing press.

[0102] For example, the control computer preferably calculates any deviations between image features or registration marks originating from different printing units 01, 02, and 03. For example, by incorporating the preferably stored data specific to the respective clamped cylinder assembly 08, a required change in position of the corresponding clamping elements 20 of the respective printing unit 01, 02, and 03, and / or a required corresponding control and / or regulation of the rotational movement of the form cylinder 07, is preferably determined.

[0103] Using calculation algorithms not explained further here, a necessary driving force FH or a necessary pressure in the force-generating element 35 for a required change in position of the clamping elements 20 is calculated, and the force-generating element 35 is activated accordingly. Preferably, the expansion hose 35 is filled with a medium, and the adequate pressure required for the change in position of the clamping element 20 is built up inside it. Using these or other calculation algorithms, for example, a necessary pressure in the support element 28 for a required change in position of the clamping elements 20 is calculated, and the support element 28 is activated accordingly. Preferably, the support hose 28 is filled with a medium, and the adequate pressure required for the change in position of the clamping element 20 is built up inside it.Using these or other calculation algorithms, for example, a necessary travel distance S for a required change in the position of the clamping elements 20, or a location or position of the at least one support element 25, is calculated, and the support element 25 is adjusted accordingly. Preferably, the at least one clamping spindle 25 is repositioned accordingly. If the support element 25 is not present, the clamping element 20, which is guided on the at least one guide rail 48, is moved to a corresponding position along the travel distance S and adjusted or fixed there by means of self-locking.Using these or other computational algorithms, for example, the necessary angular position of the forming cylinder 07 relative to the angular position of a substrate-guiding transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, is calculated for the required control and / or regulation of the rotational movement of the forming cylinder 07, and a rotation of the forming cylinder 07 is adjusted and / or executed accordingly. A sensor, for example a camera, preferably measures a resulting change in the position of the clamping elements 20 and / or an extension of the cylinder lift 08 and / or a displacement of an image feature and / or a register of the printed image and transmits this information to the control computer.

[0104] In particular, if register measurement reveals a deviation in axial direction A between the target position of a marking serving as a register mark and its actual position, a method for compensating register deviations and / or registration deviations in axial direction A is preferably employed. This method preferably includes at least one change in the position of at least one clamping element 20 with respect to axial direction A. In this case, one also speaks of a trapezoidal deviation, because such deviations, due to, for example, the grippers, are usually more pronounced in the rear region of the sheet than, potentially, in the front region. In printing, a marking serving as a register mark is, for example, a printed register mark.

[0105] If a trapezoidal deviation is detected during a register measurement, the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 is preferably subjected to increased stress with respect to the axial direction A and thus stretched in the axial direction A. For this purpose, one or more of the clamping elements 20 or clamping segments 20 are preferably displaced with respect to the axial direction A. The displacement of the clamping elements 20 with respect to the axial direction A for stretching the cylinder lift 08 preferably takes place from the inside out, i.e., starting from the center of the cylinder channel 14 with respect to the axial direction A to an edge of the cylinder channel 14 with respect to the axial direction A. In the case of a symmetrical trapezoidal deviation, the displacement of the clamping elements 20 preferably takes place symmetrically about a center of the ball of the mold cylinder 07 with respect to the axial direction.In the case of an asymmetrical trapezoidal deviation, the displacement of the clamping elements 20 preferably also occurs asymmetrically with respect to the center of the ball 46 of the forming cylinder 07, relative to the axial direction A. In particular, for example, more clamping elements 20 are then displaced in the axial direction A than are displaced against this axial direction A, and / or only clamping elements 20 are displaced in or against the axial direction A. A displacement differing only in the magnitude of the distance traveled is also possible. Preferably, this displacement of the clamping elements 20 is effected by means of at least one displacement means 27; 34.

[0106] The displacement of the clamping elements 20, and thus the stretching and / or relaxation of the cylinder lift 08 with respect to the axial direction A and / or in the circumferential direction B, preferably occurs during a rotation of the form cylinder 07 supporting the respective cylinder lift 08. During this rotation of the form cylinder 07, the cylinder lift 08 is preferably brought into contact with a surface, for example, the surface of another rotating body. The rubber cylinder 06 and / or one or more inking rollers 10 and / or one or more dampening rollers 13 are particularly suitable as such rotating bodies. Preferably, the respective clamping element 20 is first changed with respect to its position relative to the axial direction A, and then the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 is rolled over by the corresponding rotating body.Alternatively or additionally, the respective clamping element 20 is changed with respect to its position relative to the axial direction A, and during this process, the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 is rolled over by the corresponding rotating body. For example, the change in the position of the respective clamping element 20 relative to the axial direction A is carried out in several successive partial operations. This enables more precise and gentler clamping of the cylinder lift 08. In particular, the rolling over can then also take place during and / or after the partial operations.

[0107] After the required adequate pressure has been built up and / or the clamping elements 20 have reached their target position, the force acting on the clamping elements 20, and thus, for example, the pressure inside the corresponding hollow body 35, is reduced to a value that lies within the static friction range between a surface of the mold cylinder 07 and a bottom surface of the cylinder lift 08. This reduction ensures that, while maintaining the position of the clamping elements 20, the force acting on the cylinder lift 08 is kept relatively small. In this way, yielding and thus a gradual and, in particular, unwanted further elongation of the material of the cylinder lift 08 is counteracted.

[0108] Preferably, the displacement of the clamping elements 20, and thus in particular the stretching and / or relaxation of the cylinder lift 08 in the axial direction A, preferably occurs independently of the tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B, and further preferably while maintaining the tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B unchanged and without prior release of a tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B. Preferably, the tensile stress FZ is maintained unchanged in the circumferential direction B during this process. This tensile stress FZ preferably corresponds at most to the reduced tensile stress FZ under which the cylinder lift 08 is permanently clamped on the mold cylinder 07. However, it is also possible to reduce this stress only temporarily.

[0109] In particular, if the register measurement reveals a deviation in the circumferential direction B between the target position of a marking serving as a register mark and the actual position of the marking serving as a register mark, the following procedure is carried out, for example, to compensate for register deviations and / or registration deviations in the circumferential direction B.

[0110] In a first embodiment of the method for compensating register deviations and / or pass deviations in circumferential direction B, the dimension of the cylinder lift 08 is preferably changed in circumferential direction B, in particular by changing the position of at least one clamping element 20 with respect to circumferential direction B. Preferably, this change in position with respect to circumferential direction B is carried out for several and more preferably for all clamping elements 20.

[0111] For example, the pressure in the support element 28, which is designed as a hollow body 28 whose volume can be changed, is increased, causing at least one clamping element 20 to move in the circumferential direction B and the cylinder lift 08 to be tensioned and thus stretched accordingly. When the pressure within the support element 28 is reduced, the cylinder lift 08 relaxes and, after overcoming static friction, shortens.

[0112] Alternatively or additionally, for example, the support element 25 designed as a clamping spindle 25 is activated, for example rotated, in such a way that a displacement of the corresponding clamping element 20 occurs and thereby an extension of the cylinder lift 08 is achieved.

[0113] The displacement of the clamping elements 20, and thus in particular the stretching and / or relaxation of the cylinder extension 08 with respect to the circumferential direction B, preferably occurs – as mentioned – during a rotation of the form cylinder 07 carrying the respective cylinder extension 08. During this rotation of the form cylinder 07, the cylinder extension 08 is brought into contact with a surface, for example, the surface of another rotating body. The rubber cylinder 06 and / or one or more inking rollers 10 and / or one or more dampening rollers 13 are particularly suitable as such rotating bodies. Preferably, the respective clamping element 20 is first changed with respect to its position relative to the circumferential direction B, and then the trailing end 19 of the cylinder extension 08 is rolled over by the corresponding rotating body.Alternatively or additionally, the respective clamping element 20 is changed with respect to its position relative to the circumferential direction B, and during this process, the trailing end 19 of the cylinder lift 08 is rolled over by the corresponding rotating body. For example, the change in the position of the respective clamping element 20 relative to the circumferential direction B is carried out in several successive sub-operations. This enables more precise and gentler clamping of the cylinder lift 08. In particular, the rolling over can then also take place during and / or after the sub-operations.

[0114] After the required adequate pressure has been built up and / or the clamping elements 20 have reached their target position, the force acting on the clamping elements 20, and thus, for example, the pressure inside the corresponding hollow body 28, is reduced to a value that lies within the static friction range between a surface of the mold cylinder 07 and a bottom surface of the cylinder lift 08. This reduction ensures that, while maintaining the position of the clamping elements 20, the force acting on the cylinder lift 08 is kept relatively small. In this way, yielding and thus a gradual and, in particular, unwanted further elongation of the material of the cylinder lift 08 is counteracted. Preferably, the same applies analogously to the at least one support element 25 designed as a clamping spindle 25.

[0115] A change in the dimensions of the substrate in the circumferential direction B is compensated, alternatively or additionally to a change in the dimensions of the at least one cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B, preferably by a correspondingly controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of the mold cylinder 07. Accordingly, length compensation is carried out, or at least can be carried out, alternatively or additionally to the change in the dimensions of the cylinder lift 08 described above, particularly with the aid of the drive of the mold cylinder 08. The drive of the mold cylinder 07 is preferably designed as a single drive, and more preferably as a direct drive DA.

[0116] A ratio between a first angular velocity of the forming cylinder 07 and a second angular velocity of the substrate-carrying transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, is called the velocity ratio, in particular the velocity ratio between forming cylinder 07 and counter-pressure cylinder 04. Preferably, the substrate is processed such that the velocity ratio is specifically influenced and / or adjusted during processing so that it deviates from any integer ratio at least temporarily and preferably for the majority of the processing time. Thus, preferably, the velocity ratio is not an integer at least temporarily and preferably for more than half the processing time.An integer ratio of two values ​​is understood to mean, in particular, a ratio of such values ​​that, when the value corresponding to the numerator is divided by the value corresponding to the denominator, results in a whole number in the mathematical sense. Examples of integer ratios are therefore one to one, two to one, three to one, four to one, or similar. "Processing of the substrate" preferably refers to regular processing of the substrate, for example, a printing process, a painting process, an embossing process, a stamping process, and / or a perforating process. Regular processing is preferably distinguished from a start-up phase of operation, a shutdown phase of operation, and / or an interruption of operation.

[0117] Preferably, the substrate is processed such that this velocity ratio is changed during processing, in particular the ratio between the first angular velocity of the forming cylinder 07 and the second angular velocity of the transport body 04 guiding the substrate, especially cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04. Preferably, during this processing of the substrate, a relative acceleration based on the angular velocities occurs between the forming cylinder 07 on the one hand and the transport body 04 guiding the substrate, especially cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, on the other. Such acceleration is preferably at least temporarily positive and / or at least temporarily negative.Particularly in connection with such acceleration, a change in the speed ratio preferably occurs during this processing of the substrate, and more preferably a periodic change in the speed ratio. A period, i.e., in particular a smallest spatial and / or temporal interval after which the periodic change repeats, is preferably reached after each full revolution or after an integer fraction of a full revolution of the forming cylinder 07. An integer fraction is a fraction that, when multiplied by an integer, yields the value one.However, it can also be provided that the angular velocity of a single cylinder, in particular the forming cylinder 07 or the counter-pressure cylinder 04, is variably adjusted within a respective, preferably constant, rotation period, i.e. within a respective full rotation or also within a corresponding integer fraction of a full rotation of the forming cylinder 07, so that successive rotations differ with respect to a respective course of the velocity ratio to each other.

[0118] For example, the forming cylinder 07 is rotated during a full 360° revolution over at least a first angular range of at least 180° and preferably at least 270° with at least a first circumferential speed of the forming cylinder 07 that is greater than a first circumferential speed of the substrate-guiding transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04. Then, preferably, this forming cylinder 07 is rotated over at least a relatively small second angular range with at least a second circumferential speed of the forming cylinder 07 that is less than a second circumferential speed of the substrate-guiding transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04.In this way, the cylinder lift 08 of the forming cylinder 07 precedes the substrate during most of its rotation, as defined by at least one first angular range, thereby transferring, for example, a shortened version of the printed image 32 onto the substrate. Subsequently, the forming cylinder 07 rotates relatively slowly, so that the transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, which carries the substrate, catches up with the forming cylinder 07. For example, a transfer cylinder 06 preferably, but not necessarily, rotates at a circumferential speed that essentially corresponds to the transport speed of the substrate.

[0119] Preferably, the forming cylinder 07 is rotated during a full 360° revolution over at least a first angular range of at least 180° and preferably at least 270° with at least a first circumferential speed of the forming cylinder 07 that is lower than a first circumferential speed of the substrate-guiding transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04. Then, preferably, this forming cylinder 07 is rotated over at least a relatively small second angular range with at least a second circumferential speed of the forming cylinder 07 that is higher than a second circumferential speed of the substrate-guiding transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04.In this way, the substrate precedes the forming cylinder 07 during most of the rotation of the forming cylinder 07, which is defined by at least one first angular range, thus transferring, for example, the printed image 32 onto the substrate in an elongated form. Subsequently, the forming cylinder 07 is rotated relatively quickly so that it catches up with the transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, which carries the substrate. The transfer cylinder 06, for example, preferably but not necessarily, also rotates in this case at a circumferential speed that essentially corresponds to the transport speed of the substrate.

[0120] Preferably, the speed ratio is changed by accelerating the forming cylinder 07. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate-carrying transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, can also be accelerated. However, preferably all substrate-carrying transport bodies 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, are connected to a common main drive and / or gear train 55 of the processing machine, while preferably each forming cylinder 07 is driven independently. The forming cylinder 07 thus preferably has a drive that is independent of the drive of the transmission cylinder 06 contacting the forming cylinder 07 and / or the inking unit 09 and / or the drive of the counter-pressure cylinder 04 contacting the forming cylinder 07. Therefore, individual acceleration of the forming cylinder 07 is preferred.

[0121] For example, the forming cylinder 07 and / or the cylinder lift 08 of the forming cylinder 07 is in contact with the substrate or the transfer cylinder 06, while the first forming cylinder 07 has an angular position within the at least one first angular range. For example, the forming cylinder 07 and the cylinder lift of the forming cylinder 08 are out of contact with the substrate and the transfer cylinder 06, while the first forming cylinder 07 has an angular position within the at least one second angular range, in particular because the forming cylinder 07 is oriented such that the cylinder channel 14 of the forming cylinder 07 is arranged opposite the transfer cylinder 06 and / or the counter-pressure cylinder 04 and / or the substrate in this at least one second angular range.

[0122] Preferably, the substrate is processed such that this speed ratio is changed at least twice during processing, for example, first reduced and then increased again. More preferably, the substrate is processed such that this speed ratio is changed at least twice during each complete rotation of the mold cylinder 08, for example, first reduced and then increased again. Further adjustments to suit changing conditions are possible. This is the case, for example, if the mold cylinder 07 is fitted with several cylinder lifts 08 in a row along its circumferential direction B.

[0123] Preferably, such a controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of the form cylinder 07 to compensate for changes in the substrate and / or the printed image 32 also takes place in the case of at least one cylinder lift 08 designed as a sleeve.

[0124] In other words, preferably during a complete rotation of the forming cylinder 07, a differential angle is generated between the forming cylinder 07 and the substrate-carrying transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, by the drive of the forming cylinder 07 in order to adapt the imprinted image 32 emanating from it to the change in the dimensions of the substrate and / or to compensate for the imprint length. The drive of the forming cylinder 07 is preferably controlled such that the differential angle between the forming cylinder 07 and the substrate-carrying transport body 04, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, is brought from an initial value to a predetermined final value and back to the initial value within a complete rotation of the forming cylinder 07.The control can also be carried out in such a way that within a complete revolution of the forming cylinder 07, the differential angle between the forming cylinder 07 and the transport body 04 guiding the substrate, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, is brought from an initial value to at least a predetermined final value and then back to the initial value in several cycles.

[0125] For example, the cylinder extension 08 is stretched in the axial direction A and in the rotational direction B, at least temporarily simultaneously. For example, the pressure length is compensated for by the drive of the forming cylinder 07 in parallel with and / or at least temporarily simultaneously with at least one stretch of the cylinder extension 08 in the axial direction A and / or at least one stretch of the cylinder extension 08 in the circumferential direction B. In another embodiment, within the respective cylinder extension 08, which is to be adapted to a change in the substrate, the tensile stress FZ in the axial direction A and then the tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B of the respective forming cylinder 07 are first built up. The latter embodiment has the advantage that the required tensile stress FZ in the axial direction A is significantly lower than if the tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B has been applied beforehand.Applying the tensile stress FZ in the circumferential direction B causes additional frictional forces, which hinder the application of the tensile stress FZ in the axial direction A. The latter approach therefore leads to higher accuracy when compensating for changes in the printing material in a printing press.

[0126] In one embodiment, depending on the required adjustment, either the cylinder lift 08 is extended in the circumferential direction B or this speed ratio is changed. As long as the necessary adjustment of the print image length in the circumferential direction B does not exceed the adjustment achievable by a maximum extension of the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B, adjustment is made exclusively by extension in the circumferential direction B. For larger necessary adjustments in the circumferential direction B, a change in this speed ratio is preferably made exclusively. The decision is preferably made taking into account at least the data specific to the mounted cylinder lift 08, preferably stored in the control computer, and / or at least one limit value specific to the mounted cylinder lift 08.If the setpoint for displacing the clamping elements 20 in circumferential direction B exceeds this limit value, the drive of the forming cylinder 07 is instead controlled in such a way that within one revolution of the forming cylinder 07 a change in the speed ratio between the first angular velocity of the forming cylinder 07 and the second angular velocity of the transport body 04 guiding the substrate takes place.

[0127] In another embodiment, only if the necessary adjustment of the print image length exceeds the adjustment achievable by a maximum extension of the cylinder lift 08 in the circumferential direction B, is a corresponding change in this speed ratio made in addition to this extension. If the setpoint for displacing the clamping elements 20 in the circumferential direction B exceeds this limit value, the drive of the forming cylinder 07 is controlled, in addition to a displacement of the clamping elements 20 extending, for example, up to this limit value, such that within one revolution of the forming cylinder 07, a change in the speed ratio between the first angular velocity of the forming cylinder 07 and the second angular velocity of the transport body 04 guiding the substrate, in particular cylinder 04 or counter-pressure cylinder 04, takes place.

[0128] The extension of the cylinder lift 08 can be performed, regardless of its direction, both before and during the processing of a print job. A print job is defined as all activities required for printing. This means that the extension can occur both before and during ink feed. It can also occur before or during cleaning of the form cylinder 07 or the inking unit 09. Furthermore, the extension can occur before or during processing, particularly printing, i.e., before or during contact of the transfer cylinder 06 or the cylinder lift 08 with the substrate. If the extension is to be performed before printing, a preliminary proof print is preferably carried out beforehand, based on which the required setpoints can be determined manually or automatically, e.g., by means of register measurements.

[0129] If stretching takes place before printing, then preferably, when the form cylinder 07 and / or the cylinder lift 08 comes into contact with a corresponding rotating body such as the transfer cylinder 06 or the impression cylinder 04 during stretching, the inking rollers 10 and / or the dampening roller 13 are not placed on the cylinder lift 08 designed as a printing plate 08, for example so that the color profile in the inking unit 09 is retained.

[0130] When a printed sheet 31 is transported from the sheet feeder of the sheet-fed printing press, which has a first stack of printed sheets 31, through its printing units 01; 02; 03 to the sheet delivery unit of this sheet-fed printing press, which has a second stack of printed sheets 31, as is described in the Fig.As indicated by the direction of rotation arrows of the impression cylinders 04, this printed sheet 31 undergoes deformation in its geometry, i.e., in its geometric dimensions, due to various effects caused by the printing process. Here, a printed sheet 31 is understood to be a sheet of paper or cardboard with a minimum format of DIN A3. Smaller format sizes are generally referred to as "sheets". For example, such a printed sheet 31 is elongated during the printing process due to pressure in each printing gap it passes through between two interacting printing cylinders of the sheet-fed printing press, e.g., in the printing gap between a transfer cylinder 06 and an impression cylinder 04 interacting with this transfer cylinder 06.The at least one printing ink applied to the printing sheet 31 in the printing process and, if applicable, a dampening solution used in the printing process introduce moisture into the printing sheet 31, which, in the case of a printing sheet 31 made of paper or cardboard, i.e., made of fibers, leads to at least partial elongation of width in relation to an axial direction of the cooperating printing cylinders and, if applicable, also to at least partial elongation of the printing sheet in relation to the transport direction.

[0131] If printed pages of a typesetting area on the front and back of the same printing sheet are to align precisely, these printed pages must be arranged in register on the respective printing sheet 31. Furthermore, in a printing process with multiple printing colors or color separations, precise, i.e., positionally accurate, uniform printing of the individual printing colors or color separations must be ensured, a process known as registration. An error in registration and / or registration resulting from the geometric deformation of a printing sheet 31 due to the aforementioned effects of the printing process cannot be compensated for by a correct, register-aligned arrangement of one or more printing plates 08 involved in the printing process.Therefore, there is a need for a method that solves this problem by adjusting at least one length of a surface to be printed on several printed sheets 31 of the same size, wherein this surface is preferably rectangular in each case. This surface forms, for example, a printed image 32 that is printed or at least to be printed on the respective printed sheet 31.

[0132] Such a procedure may involve the execution of the following procedural steps: a) The respective area to be formed of the same size on the relevant printed sheet 31 is formed during each transport of these printed sheets 31 by the sheet-fed printing machine, wherein the length to be adapted or one of the lengths to be adapted of the relevant area to be formed in the printing process extends longitudinally or transversely or obliquely to the transport direction of the relevant printed sheet 31 transported by the sheet-fed printing machine. b) In a preview data image of the area to be printed on the respective printing sheet 31 displayed on a display device connected to a computing unit, or in a photographic image of the area printed on one of the printing sheets 31 displayed on the display device connected to the computing unit, or by means of an input into the computing unit of at least one coordinate, which in each case identifies a position of a point located in the area to be printed or printed, at least one point is selected. c) Each position of the at least one selected point is defined in the computing unit in a coordinate system related to the sheet-fed printing machine as a reference point 41 for adjusting the at least one length of the area to be printed. d) A recording device 60 connected to the computing unit records at least one point 42 on a printed sheet 31 having a printing surface, which is different from the respective selected reference point 41 and belongs to the printing surface of this printed sheet 31, as a measuring point 42. e) In the coordinate system related to the sheet-fed printing machine, a respective position of the at least one recorded measuring point 42 is determined. f) With regard to the printed sheet containing the relevant recorded measuring point 42, the computing unit determines an actual distance between the respective position of the at least one measuring point 42 recorded by the relevant printed sheet 31 and the respective position of the at least one selected reference point 41. g) The calculated actual distance is compared by the computing unit with the target distance that the position corresponding to the relevant recorded measuring point 42 in the area underlying the determination of the position of the reference point 41 has from the position of the relevant reference point 41. h) Depending on a deviation of the actual distance from the target distance determined by it, the computing unit adjusts at least one length of the area to be printed on at least one further printing sheet 31, which is of the same size on each of the at least one further printing sheet 31, by outputting a control signal to a device that forms the respective area using printing technology.

[0133] In the aforementioned method, the respective position of the at least one reference point 41 is excluded from the adjustment of the at least one length of the area in question. In a preferred embodiment of this method, the detection device 60 connected to the control computer or the computing unit simultaneously detects several measuring points 42 in a single detection process. These measuring points 42 can, in principle, be distributed arbitrarily on the printed sheet 31; however, it is advantageous to detect them, for example, in an edge region of the respective printed sheet 31.In the case of multiple measuring points 42 detected by the detection device 60, the processing unit determines an angle spanned between two of these measuring points 42, originating from their common reference point 41, as an actual angle and compares the determined actual angle with a target angle provided for these two measuring points 42 in conjunction with the respective reference point 41. In the case of an impermissible deviation between the actual angle and the target angle, the control signal to be output to the device that forms the respective area on at least one further printed sheet 31 is adjusted to minimize this deviation. In the case of multiple measuring points detected by the detection device 60, the processing unit preferably defines a different reference point 41 for at least one of these measuring points 42 than for at least one other of these measuring points 42.The establishment of multiple reference points 41 for the same printed sheet 31, in the case of multiple measuring points 42 recorded by the detection device 60 with respect to the printed sheet 31 in question, provides the possibility of locally compensating for deformations of a printed sheet 31. This possibility is particularly advantageous if the application of at least one printing ink and / or the application of dampening solution varies considerably from place to place on the printed sheet 31 in question, and therefore very different deformations occur with respect to this printed sheet 31, which cannot be compensated, or at least not sufficiently compensated, by a single and identical measure triggered by the processing unit in each case.

[0134] A first measure triggered by the computing unit consists, for example, in the fact that in a sheet-fed printing press having several printing units 01; 02; 03, a drive, in particular a direct drive DA of a first plate cylinder 07 of this sheet-fed printing press, is controlled relative to the respective drive, in particular the respective direct drive DA of at least one other, i.e., second, plate cylinder 07 of this sheet-fed printing press in such a way that, by means of a positive or negative acceleration of the at least one of the plate cylinders 07 in question, an offset in the angle of rotation is set between the first plate cylinder 07 and the at least one other, i.e., second, plate cylinder 07, which compensates for the error set in as a result of the deformations of the printed sheet 31, wherein this offset in the angle of rotation between the first plate cylinder 07 and the at least one other, i.e., second, plate cylinder 07 is, for example,This applies only to a single sheet segment, which is smaller than a full rotation of the relevant plate cylinder 07. In this respect, the rotation of the relevant plate cylinder 07 is subjected to a modulation that compensates for the errors resulting from the deformations of the printed sheet 31. A second measure triggered by the processing unit can, for example, consist of an axial adjustment of at least one of the plate cylinders 07 involved in the printing process, compensating for the errors resulting from the deformations of the printed sheet 31.

[0135] Another measure triggered by the processing unit consists, for example, of stretching or compressing the printing form 08, which is arranged on one of the plate cylinders 07, in the circumferential direction B of this plate cylinder 07 and / or in its axial direction A, in particular by means of a displacement of the at least one clamping element 20. The deformations of the printing sheet 31 form the surface to be printed, for example, trapezoidal or parallelogram-shaped, or with at least one curvature instead of rectangular at at least one edge.

[0136] In a highly advantageous embodiment of the aforementioned method, the adjustment of the at least one length of the relevant area is carried out as a function of at least one process parameter, wherein the process parameter is a distribution of an area coverage with at least one printing ink on the relevant printed sheet 31, or the printing speed of the sheet-fed printing press, or a torque of a main drive of the sheet-fed printing press, or a torque of a direct drive DA of a plate cylinder 07 of the sheet-fed printing press, or a pressure in a printing gap traversed by the relevant printed sheets 31 between two cooperating printing cylinders of the sheet-fed printing press, or a dampening solution guide in a relevant printing unit 01; 02;03 of the sheet-fed printing machine or a moisture expansion coefficient of the material of the relevant printed sheets 31 or a moisture difference in the relevant printed sheets 31 between their stack in a sheet feeder and in a sheet delivery of the sheet-fed printing machine.;

[0137] The adjustment of the relevant length of the area to be printed and / or the adjustment of the actual angle to the target angle is usually carried out in an ongoing production run of the sheet-fed printing press.

[0138] Fig.Figure 6 shows, by way of example, a printed sheet 31 with a surface 32 that is formed, or at least is to be formed, in a rectangular shape during the printing process, and which represents, for example, a printed image 32. A Cartesian coordinate system related to the sheet-fed printing press applies to this printed sheet 31, the origin 33 of which is placed in a plane orthogonal to the transport plane of the printed sheet 31 and extending along the transport path of this printed sheet 31. This plane is located at the position of half an axial length usable for the printing process of a printing cylinder, e.g., an impression cylinder 04, a form cylinder 07, or a transfer cylinder 06 of this sheet-fed printing press. During its transport through the sheet-fed printing press, an end of this printed sheet 31 that leads in the transport direction is held by a fastening means, e.g., a clamping means, on the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 04.A trailing end of this printed sheet 31, in the transport direction, rests, for example, loosely on the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 04. An abscissa X of the coordinate system extends, for example, in the axial direction A of the printing cylinder, e.g., the impression cylinder 04 or the form cylinder 07 or the transfer cylinder 06 of this sheet-fed printing press, whereas the corresponding ordinate Y runs in the circumferential direction B of this printing cylinder, e.g., this impression cylinder 04 or this form cylinder 07 or this transfer cylinder 06.

[0139] In order to determine the correction required due to a deformation of the printing sheet 31, at least one reference point 41 is defined in a computing unit with reference to the coordinate system related to the sheet-fed printing press. This is done by one of the three following procedure steps, namely by either displaying a preview data image of the area 32 to be printed on the respective printing sheet 31 in a display unit connected to the computing unit, or by displaying a photographic image of the area 32 printed on one of the printing sheets 31 in the display unit connected to the computing unit, or by entering at least one coordinate into the computing unit using an operating device connected to the computing unit.Each point identifies a position within the surface 32 to be printed or already printed. At least one point is selected, and the position of the selected point is defined as a reference point 41 for adjusting the length of the surface 32 to be printed. The position of the reference point 41 is assumed to be non-requiring correction and is therefore preferably excluded from adjusting the length of the surface 32.

[0140] Then, a detection device 60 connected to the processing unit, e.g., with at least one camera, detects at least one point belonging to the printing surface 32 of a printed sheet 31, which has a printing surface 32, and which is different from the respective selected reference point 41, as a measuring point 42. The processing unit then determines the respective position of the at least one detected measuring point 42 in the coordinate system referenced to the sheet-fed printing press. If the same measuring point 42 is detected by the detection device 60 across several printed sheets 31, the processing unit determines, e.g.,not only the position of this measuring point 42 on the respective printed sheet 31, but preferably also forms an average value of the respective positions over a previously defined number of printed sheets 31, whereby this average value formed for the position of the relevant measuring point 42 is then used as the basis for a further evaluation, e.g. a distance calculation to the relevant reference point 41.

[0141] After the respective position of at least one reference point 41 has been determined in the computing unit, as well as the respective position of at least one recorded measuring point 42 - directly or as an average value - each with reference to the coordinate system related to the sheet-fed printing machine, the computing unit determines, in particular, an actual distance s1; s2 between the respective position of the at least one measuring point 42 recorded by the relevant printed sheet 31 and the respective position of the at least one selected reference point 41 with regard to the printed sheet 31 which has the relevant recorded measuring point 42.The calculated actual distance s1; s2 is then compared by the processing unit with the target distance that the position corresponding to the respective measured point 42 in the area 32 underlying the determination of the position of the reference point 41 has from the position of the respective reference point 42. The target distance is provided, for example, by the prepress department or by a production planning system responsible for controlling the printing process. Subsequently, depending on a deviation of the actual distance s1; s2 from the target distance determined by the processing unit, it adjusts the device that prints the respective area 32 on at least one further printed sheet 31 by outputting a preferably electrical control signal.at least one of the printing units 01; 02; 03 of the sheet-fed printing press, each at least one length of the area 32 to be printed to the same size on the respective at least one further printing sheet 31. In the case of several measuring points 42 preferably detected simultaneously in the same detection process by the detection device 60, the processing unit preferably also determines an angle φ spanned between two of these measuring points 42, originating from their common reference point 41, as an actual angle and compares the determined actual angle with a target angle provided for these two measuring points 42 in conjunction with the respective reference point 41, e.g. provided by the prepress department or by the production planning system responsible for controlling the printing process.In the event of a deviation between the actual angle and the target angle that exceeds a previously defined tolerance limit and is therefore impermissible, the processing unit adjusts the control signal to be output to the device that prints the respective area 32 on at least one further printed sheet 31 in order to minimize this deviation. The adjustment of the relevant length of the respective printable area 32 and / or the adjustment of the actual angle to the target angle is typically carried out during ongoing production on the sheet-fed printing press.

[0142] As described, a method for adapting a cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate in printing presses can be implemented, wherein the printing press has at least two printing units 01; 02; 03, each printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprising a printing cylinder 07 with at least one clamping device 15 for clamping a cylinder lift 08 and a substrate-guiding cylinder 04, wherein the clamping device 15 has a clamping element 18, which is displaced in the circumferential direction B of the printing cylinder 07 to adapt the cylinder lift 08 to the change in the substrate and / or is divided into several clamping segments 20 or individual clamping elements 20, which are displaced in the axial direction of the printing cylinder 07, wherein the adaptation of the cylinder lift 08 to the change in the substrate takes place in contact with the surface of at least one rotating body. A rotating body is, for example, aA rubber cylinder 06, an ink application roller 10, or a dampening roller 13 is used. The cylinder head 08 is under a tensile stress FZ during contact with the rotating body in the circumferential direction B, whereby this tensile stress FZ corresponds at most to the tensile stress FZ under which the cylinder head 08 is clamped on the printing cylinder 07.

[0143] A device for adapting a printed image and / or a cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate in printing presses is also provided, wherein the printing press has at least two printing units 01; 02; 03, each printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprising a printing cylinder 07 and a substrate-guiding cylinder 04, and at least one cylinder lift 08 is mounted on each of the respective printing cylinders 07, such that each printing cylinder 07 has a cylinder channel 14 with a clamping device 15 associated therewith, such that the clamping device 15 has at least one clamping element 18, 31 by which the cylinder lift 08 can be changed in the circumferential direction B and in the axial direction A of the respective printing cylinder 07, and the respective printing cylinder 07 has a drive.which is designed to generate a differential angle between the respective printing cylinder 07 and the material-carrying cylinder 04 during the rotation of the respective printing cylinder 07, wherein the clamping elements 18, 31 are remotely adjustable. Preferably, at least one of the clamping elements 18, 31 is displaceable in the circumferential direction B of the respective printing cylinder 07, wherein at least one of the clamping elements 18, 31 is subdivided into clamping segments 20, the clamping segments 20 being displaceable laterally from the center of the respective cylinder lift 08.

[0144] Alternatively or additionally, a device for adapting a printed image and / or a cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate is provided in printing presses, wherein the printing press has at least two printing units 01; 02; 03, wherein each printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprises a printing cylinder 07 with at least one clamping device 15 for clamping a cylinder lift 08 and a substrate-guiding cylinder 04, wherein the clamping device 15 is a clamping element 18 divided into several clamping segments 20;31, the clamping segments 20 are displaceable in the axial direction A of the respective printing cylinder 07 to change the dimension of the respective cylinder lift 08, and the respective printing cylinder 07 has a drive designed to generate a differential angle between the respective printing cylinder 07 and the material-carrying cylinder 04 during the rotation of the respective printing cylinder 07, wherein at least one activatable force-generating element 35 is assigned to the clamping segments 20. The force-generating element 35 is designed, for example, as a hydraulic means or as a pneumatic means, e.g., as a hose, or as an electromechanical means, e.g., as an electric motor.

[0145] Furthermore, a device for adapting a printed image and / or a cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate can be provided in printing presses, wherein the printing press has at least two printing units 01; 02; 03, each printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprising a printing cylinder 07 with at least one clamping device 15 for clamping a cylinder lift 08 and a substrate-guiding cylinder 04, wherein the clamping device 15 has a clamping element 18, 31 which is displaceable in the circumferential direction B of the respective printing cylinder 07 for adapting the cylinder lift 08 to the change in the substrate and is divided into several clamping segments 20 which are displaceable in the axial direction A of the respective printing cylinder 07, wherein at least one activatable force-generating element 35 is assigned to the clamping segments 20. The force-generating element 35 is, for example, a cylinder 07. B. as a hydraulic means or as a pneumatic means, e.g.as a hose, or as an electromechanical device, e.g. as an electric motor.

[0146] A device for adapting a printed image and / or a cylinder lift 08 to a change in the substrate can also be provided in printing presses, wherein the printing press has at least two printing units 01; 02; 03, each printing unit 01; 02; 03 comprising a printing cylinder 07 with at least one clamping device 15 for clamping a cylinder lift 08 and a substrate-guiding cylinder 04, wherein the clamping device 15 has at least one clamping element 18 designed such that the cylinder lift 08 can be remotely adjusted by means of this clamping element 18, such that the clamping element 18 can be displaced in the circumferential direction of the respective printing cylinder 07, wherein a pneumatic means, e.g. a hose, is provided for displacing the clamping element 18 in the circumferential direction.

[0147] Furthermore, a processing machine, e.g., a printing press, in particular a sheet-fed printing press, which has several printing units 01; 02; 03 and / or coating units arranged in series, as described above, can be used to operate a method in which, while the sheet-fed printing press is executing a current print job, at least one printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit is separated from the group of printing units 01; 02; 03 / coating units executing the current print job, and a subsequent job is prepared on this printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit, such that in a control computer both the job-related data of the print job executed directly on this printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit and the data of the subsequent job on this printing unit 01; 02;The following print job is to be provided to printing unit 03 / coating unit, so that the divergence of the job-related data is determined, so that, based on this, the optimal sequence and duration of the processing steps for preparing the subsequent job are calculated, so that printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit is prepared for the subsequent job using the calculated values, and so that this printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit is then integrated to execute the subsequent job. The control computer can determine both the values ​​for the zonal area coverage of the printing unit 01; 02;The data from the immediately preceding print job (03 / coating unit) and the subsequent job are provided, with the divergence of this data serving as the basis for calculating the optimal sequence and the duration of the processing steps for preparing the subsequent job. A sequence includes, for example, at least two of the processing steps: clean printing, washing the inking rollers, changing the printing plates, loading a new color profile, inking the inking unit, or inking the printing plates. The start time for preparing the subsequent job is calculated, for example, such that the preparation is completed by the time printing unit 01; 02; 03 / coating unit is integrated. The integration of printing unit 01; 02;03 / Coating unit, for example, takes place immediately after the completion of preparations, whereby, for example, the printing plate is inked and integrated immediately after the optimal inking unit has been achieved. Integration into the ongoing printing process preferably takes place on the fly. Reference symbol list 01 Printing work 02 Printing work 03 Printing work 04 Cylinders, counter-pressure cylinders, transport bodies 05 Sheet transport device, transfer drum, handover drum 06 Cylinders, transmission cylinders, rubber blanket cylinders 07 Cylinders, shaped cylinders, plate cylinders 08 Cylinder lift, printing form, printing plate, lacquer plate, lacquer cloth 09 Dye Works 10 Paint application roller 11 inking roller 12 Humidification system 13 Dampening roller 14 Cylinder recess, cylinder port 15 Fastening device, clamping device 16 Fasteners, clamps, front 17 End, preliminary (08) 18 Clamping device, clamping element, fastening device, clamping device, rear 19 End, trailing (08) 20 clamping element, clamping segment 21 elevator storage, disc cassette 22 - 23 Terminal element, terminal strip, outer 24 terminal element, terminal strip, inner 25 Support element, clamping spindle 26 - 27 Displacement devices, displacement spindle, hollow body, displacement hose 28 Support element, hollow body, tension hose, hose 29 Canal wall (07) 30 - 31 printed sheets 32 Print image; area 33 Origin of a coordinate system 34 Relocation aids 35 Power generating element, power generator, displacement drive, first; hollow body, expansion hose, pneumatic 36 Force transmission element, force transmitter, bending spring, first 37 Connection point, first; cylinder bearing 38 Connection point, second; clamping element bearing 39 Force (35) 40 Return element, compression spring, tension spring 41 Reference point 42 Measuring point; registration mark 43 - 44 - 45 Dovetail guide 46 bales (07) 47 Rotation axis (07) 48 Guide rail 49 reasons 50 - 51 Spring element 52 bracket 53 pistons 54 - 55 wheel train 56 Control unit 57 superposition calculators 58 first correction signal 59 computing units 60 Recording device 61 second correction signal 62 Control signal 63 Drive control A direction, transverse direction, axial B direction, circumferential direction DA Direct drive FZ counterforce or tensile stress of the cylinder lift (08) FF Counterforce of the spring element (51) FH pressure or driving force of the hollow body (28) FA; FB Managers along the management track (48) FAr; FBr Friction forces along the guide rail (48) Week 1 first angle-related correction values Week 2, second angle-related correction values LW1 Actual position values ​​of the first printing cylinder LW2 Actual position values ​​of the further printing cylinder S Stellweg X Abscissa of the coordinate system Y ordinate of the coordinate system a distance b distance s1; s2 Actual distance φ angle

Claims

Device for adapting a cylinder lift to a change in the printing material in a printing press, wherein the printing press has a printing cylinder (07) with at least one clamping device (15) for clamping a cylinder lift (08), wherein the clamping device (15) has at least one clamping element (20), wherein a tensile stress (FZ) is built up by means of a movement of the at least one clamping element (20) within the cylinder lift (08), wherein the clamping element (20) is set in motion by a driving force (FH), wherein the clamping element (20) is held in its position in a self-locking state by the tensile stress (FZ) when the driving force (FH) is reduced below a limit value, wherein the clamping element (20) is displaceable in the axial direction of the printing cylinder (07), characterized in thatthat the driving force (FH) exerted on the clamping element (20) to execute its movement is exerted on this clamping element (20) by at least one pneumatic means (28), wherein a drive of the printing cylinder (07) is designed as a single drive or as a direct drive (DA), wherein the adaptation to the change in the printing material during the rotation of the printing cylinder (07) in its circumferential direction (B) is carried out by a controlled and / or regulated rotational movement of this printing cylinder (07) in addition to the displacement of the clamping element (20) with the drive of the printing cylinder (07). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping element (20) in question is movable for adapting the cylinder lift (08) to the change in the printing material during the rotation of the printing cylinder (07). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movement of the at least one clamping element (20) is carried out along a positioning path (S), wherein the limit value with respect to the driving force (FH) is determined at least by guide forces (FA; FB) acting along the positioning path (S) and frictional forces (FAr; FBr). Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the moving clamping element (20) is driven against the force (FF) of a spring element (51) arranged in the clamping channel (14). Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one controllable or adjustable valve or at least one proportional valve is provided, the actuation of which causes the pneumatic means to exert the respective driving force (FH) on the clamping element (20) in question, thereby making this clamping element (20) displaceable. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the clamping device (15) has a clamping device (16) for receiving the cylinder lift beginning (17), while the cylinder lift end (19) is received by the respective movable clamping element (20). Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the clamping element (20) in question is driven by means of a force transmission element (36) or piston (53) acting on the clamping element (20) in question.

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