pneumatic tires and wheel

Abstract

Pneumatic tire (12) with at least one damping element (8), wherein the at least one damping element (8) is located in an interior space (13) of the pneumatic tire (12) on an inner surface (7) of the tire opposite a tread (1) of the pneumatic tire (12), and wherein the at least one damping element (8) is at least partially made of a porous material and is designed to reduce noise, and wherein the at least one damping element (8) is bonded to the inner surface (7) of the tire, and wherein the pneumatic tire (12) is rotatable about an axis of rotation (R) in a direction of rotation (U), and wherein the at least one damping element (8) has at least one sound-interacting surface (18) and a maximum width (B) and a maximum height (H), wherein the maximum width (B) of the at least one damping element (8) is an extension of the at least one damping element (8).which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (14) of the at least one damping element (8) and preferably parallel to the axis of rotation (R) of the pneumatic tire (12), and wherein a maximum height (H) of the at least one damping element (8) is such an extension of the at least one damping element (8) that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (14) of the at least one damping element (8) and parallel to a radius of the pneumatic tire (12) and perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R) of the pneumatic tire (12), wherein the at least one sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is designed as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) according to at least one waveform, wherein the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern, in particular a random pattern based on a binary number sequence or a binary matrix, characterized in thatthat the waveform follows a damped function,

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire with at least one damping element, wherein the at least one damping element is suitable for reducing noise.

[0002] The invention relates to a pneumatic tire with at least one damping element. The at least one damping element is located in an interior space of the pneumatic tire, on an inner surface of the tire opposite a tread. The at least one damping element is at least partially made of a porous material and is designed to reduce noise. The at least one damping element is bonded to the inner surface of the tire. The pneumatic tire is rotatable about an axis of rotation in one direction. Finally, the at least one damping element has at least one sound-interacting surface, a maximum height, and a maximum width, wherein the maximum width of the at least one damping element is defined as an extension of the at least one damping element.which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element and preferably parallel to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire, and wherein a maximum height of the at least one damping element is such an extension of the at least one damping element that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element and parallel to a radius of the pneumatic tire and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire, wherein the at least one sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is designed as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface according to at least one waveform, wherein the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern, in particular a random pattern based on a binary number sequence or a binary matrix.

[0003] The interior of a pneumatic tire is formed by its inner surface. The interior of the pneumatic tire is the space formed by the tire itself, extending radially from the tire's axis of rotation to the inner surface. A rim, onto which the tire can be mounted, lies between this interior and the axis of rotation. During normal operation, the interior of the pneumatic tire is filled with air. The axis of rotation is the axis around which the tire can rotate in its direction of travel during normal operation.

[0004] A sound-interacting surface is a surface of at least one damping element upon which sound waves impinge. The sound waves originate within the interior of the pneumatic tire. Through the interaction of these sound waves with the sound-interacting surface, a modification and, in particular, attenuation of the sound waves occurs.

[0005] The at least one damping element has, in particular, a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis lies parallel to the direction of the greatest spatial extent of the at least one damping element. The longitudinal axis is, for example, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire.

[0006] The maximum width of the at least one damping element is an extension of the at least one damping element that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element and preferably parallel to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire.

[0007] The maximum height of the at least one damping element is such an extension of the at least one damping element that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element and parallel to a radius of the pneumatic tire and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire.

[0008] The pneumatic tire basically follows a circular shape, whereby a radius of the circular shape and thus of the pneumatic tire originates radially from the axis of rotation and is at a right angle to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire as well as to the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire.

[0009] Pneumatic tires with damping elements are known from the prior art, wherein the damping elements are suitable for reducing noise that can arise inside the pneumatic tire. Both the use of a single damping element and the use of multiple damping elements for noise reduction are known from the prior art. It is also known from the prior art to use sealants as adhesives between the damping elements and the inner surfaces of the tires. The sealant is suitable for sealing a tire at the point of damage in the event of mechanical damage, such as a puncture. The surface of the damping element, between which the sealant is applied as an adhesive and which is used to create an adhesive bond between the damping element and the inner surface of the tires, can be referred to as the bonding surface.

[0010] For example, EP 2 006 125 B1 discloses a vehicle tire in which a sealant exhibits tackiness at least immediately after being applied to the inner surface of the tire. This tackiness is sufficiently high to create a stable adhesive bond between a foam ring located inside the vehicle tire and the inner surface of the tire. The foam ring is intended for sound insulation.

[0011] Furthermore, the state of the art is formed by CN103978852A, DE60209053T2 and JP2007168541A.

[0012] For devices known from the state of the art for damping noise, a certain amount of the sealant acting as an adhesive is necessary below the damping element.

[0013] To ensure a sufficiently stable bond between a damping element and the inner surface of the tire, a specific amount of sealant is always necessary. Using this specific amount of sealant incurs costs and, for example, poses a potential environmental burden when disposing of a used or damaged tire.

[0014] The invention is therefore based on the objective of reducing the amount of sealant used to a necessary minimum in order to save costs and protect the environment, as well as increasing the acoustic effectiveness of the damping element.

[0015] The problem set out in the invention is solved by the fact that the waveform follows a damped function.

[0016] A waveform is a surface shape that resembles a wave. The deflections of this wave extend, for example, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element and, in particular, parallel to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire. A waveform exhibits properties such as a deflection, i.e., an amplitude, and a specific spatial distance between two immediately adjacent deflections. Furthermore, one waveform can be phase-shifted relative to another.

[0017] Furthermore, the propagation direction of the waveform can be parallel, perpendicular, or at an angle between 0° and 90° to the longitudinal axis of the damping element on the sound-interacting surface. The waveform can also correspond to the shape of two simultaneously propagating waves, one of which propagates parallel and the other perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the damping element. The directions of propagation of these two waves can also form an angle between 0° and 90°. These two waves can, in particular, be based on sine functions or Fourier series such that the waves have the same amplitudes and phases.

[0018] By designing the at least one sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface corresponding to at least one waveform, wherein the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern, in particular a random pattern based on a binary number sequence or a binary matrix, and wherein the waveform follows a damped function, it is ensured that the at least one damping element has a sufficiently large sound-interacting surface and simultaneously has a connecting surface such that, in particular, the ratio of the sound-interacting surface to the connecting surface is larger than is the case with damping elements known from the prior art. The damping elements known from the prior art, for example, have a cuboid shape with a flat, non-wave-shaped sound-interacting surface.The smaller the contact area, the less sealant is needed to act as an adhesive.

[0019] The underlying principle is that the waveform of the sound-interacting surface results in a sufficiently large sound-interacting surface area, which is also larger than that of a damping element with a flat, non-waveformed surface. The size of the sound-interacting surface area is crucial for effective noise reduction. A waveform surface, along a given length of the damping element's longitudinal axis, results in a larger surface area interacting with the sound than a flat, non-waveformed surface. Furthermore, the waveform surface leads to greater sound attenuation.The underlying principle is that a parallel projection of the damping element onto a projection plane, where a normal vector of the projection plane is parallel to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, can lead to a larger area of ​​the damping element in the projection plane than would be the case with a cuboid damping element of the same volume but with a flat, non-corrugated surface. This larger area then results in increased sound attenuation.

[0020] Overall, a smaller contact area is created than would be the case with, for example, a cuboid damping element with a flat, non-corrugated surface and the same sound absorption capacity. In particular, a reduction in the volume of the damping element is achieved while maintaining a constant projected cross-sectional area. The projected cross-sectional area is obtained by a parallel projection of the damping element onto a projection plane, where a normal vector of the projection plane is parallel to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0021] By limiting the contact area to the required minimum, the minimum amount of adhesive or sealant required is reduced.

[0022] Overall, this ensures both a sufficiently stable connection between the at least one damping element and the inner tire surface, as well as the largest and most efficient sound-absorbing surface area of ​​the at least one damping element. This guarantees and enables the efficient, and therefore cost-effective, resource-saving, and environmentally friendly, use of the adhesive or sealant for flawless adhesion and sealing.

[0023] The damping element according to the invention can also be arranged on a rim and / or on a rim instead of on the inner surface of the tire. The damping element according to the invention can be arranged on the rim with respect to all embodiments disclosed in the description and arranged on the inner surface of the tire as described.

[0024] The invention further relates in particular to a wheel, preferably a motor vehicle wheel, comprising a pneumatic tire according to the invention.

[0025] Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one damping element is arranged along a complete inner circumference of the tire or a complete circumference of the rim on the inner surface of the tire or the rim. The inner circumference of the tire is the inner circumference of the pneumatic tire that runs along the inner surface of the tire. The rim circumference is the outer circumference of the rim that runs along a rim surface. "Arranged along a complete inner circumference of the tire" thus means, in particular, that the at least one damping element follows a circular shape, the circumference of which corresponds to the inner circumference of the tire.

[0027] Efficient noise reduction is achieved by arranging at least one damping element along the inner surface of the tire along its entire circumference. This arrangement ensures maximum volume of the damping element relative to its circumference. Furthermore, a damping element component is present at every point along the tire's circumference.

[0028] It is also possible, in particular, that the damping element is not arranged along a complete inner circumference of the tire or rim on the inner surface of the tire, and that the two ends of the damping element form a gap in the circumferential direction. This gap has a length of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 10 mm to 30 mm, and even more preferably 20 mm, along the inner surface of the tire in the circumferential direction.

[0029] According to the invention, the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern. In a non-periodic function, for example, the start point and / or end point of a wavelength are laterally distinct. The random pattern can, for example, be based on a binary sequence or a binary matrix. For example, the Fourier series can be based exclusively on odd coefficients.

[0030] Due to the fact that the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern, for example, the amount of porous material is reduced while maintaining the same sound attenuation.

[0031] According to the invention, the waveform follows a damped function.

[0032] Due to the inventive feature whereby the waveform follows a damped function, the damping element can be adapted to the acoustic conditions inside the tire. For example, the areas of the damping element where the waveform has a larger amplitude than those areas where the waveform has a smaller amplitude due to the damping function can be arranged according to the acoustic conditions inside the tire. Thus, for example, the damping elements can be arranged such that areas where the waveform has a relatively larger amplitude, considering the damping element, than in other areas of the damping element are located where the greatest intensity of the sound waves can occur inside the tire.Furthermore, two areas of a damping element or two damping elements with undamped amplitude can be arranged exactly opposite each other on the inner circumference of the tire inside the tire.

[0033] The distance between these two undamped amplitude zones and / or their arrangement within the tire interior can be configured based on a specific spatial mode. The number of undamped amplitude zones is twice the number of the spatial mode. For example, for spatial mode 1: twice the number = 2; for spatial mode 2: twice the number = 4; for spatial mode 5: twice the number = 10. This configuration can be implemented with a single damping element or with multiple damping elements. In each case, two undamped amplitude zones are positioned opposite each other and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the tire's axis of rotation. Thus, the arrangement of the undamped amplitude zones is adapted to the distance between the maxima of the respective spatial mode.

[0034] A spatial mode is a property of a standing acoustic wave. In particular, the spatial mode corresponds to a space-filling mode shape of the wave. The spatial mode number corresponds, for example, to the number of sound wavelengths along the inner circumference of the tire within the space formed by the tire's inner surface; that is, the number of sound wavelengths along a circumference, especially a maximum circumference, of the tire's inner surface or a circumference in the space between the tire's inner surface and a rim.

[0035] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a minimum amplitude or a maximum amplitude of the waveform is a value of an extent of 0% to 2000% of the maximum width or the maximum height of the at least one damping element.

[0036] Due to the inventive feature whereby a minimum or maximum amplitude of the waveform corresponds to a value of 0% to 2000% of the maximum width or maximum height of the at least one damping element, a larger area of ​​the damping element can be generated in the projection plane when the damping element is projected parallel to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This larger area is achieved, for example, in the case of a cuboid damping element with the same volume but a flat, non-corrugated surface. This larger area then leads to increased sound attenuation.

[0037] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is oriented in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. This at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is, in particular, oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim.

[0038] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim. This at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is, in particular, oriented in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim.

[0039] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is oriented in the direction of the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim. Furthermore, the propagation direction of the waveform can be parallel, perpendicular, or at an angle between 0° and 90° to the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire on the sound-interacting surface. This means, in particular, that according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a waveform of the sound-interacting surface oriented in the direction of the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim extends parallel to the axis of rotation or parallel to the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim.

[0040] The inventive feature, whereby at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is oriented in the direction of the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire or the rim, further increases the sound-interacting surface area of ​​the damping element. Furthermore, sound waves reaching the damping element from the direction of the axis of rotation are also dampened.Furthermore, in the case of a parallel projection of the damping element onto a projection plane, where a normal vector of the projection plane is parallel to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, an equally sized representation of the damping elements in the projection plane can be generated compared to, for example, a damping element where, instead of a wave-like sound-interacting surface, a flat, non-wave-like surface of the at least one damping element is oriented towards the axis of rotation. Compared to such a damping element, the damping element with at least one wave-like sound-interacting surface oriented towards the axis of rotation would require less porous material to achieve the same sized representation of the damping elements in the projection plane.

[0041] Furthermore, the sound-interacting surface can be oriented in any spatial direction. For example, if the at least one damping element is arranged on the rim, the wave-shaped sound-interacting surface can be oriented towards the inner surface of the tire or in any spatial direction.

[0042] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an amount of the amplitude of the waveform of the sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is greater or less than the amount of a maximum width or the maximum height of the at least one damping element.

[0043] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum height of the at least one damping element is in a first length ratio of at least 1:30 to 5:1 to the maximum width of the at least one damping element.

[0044] The inventive feature, whereby the maximum height of the at least one damping element is in a first length ratio of at least 1:30 to 5:1 to the maximum width of the at least one damping element, optimizes the contact area, the utilization of the tire interior, and the weight distribution of the damping elements within the tire interior. The rationale behind this optimization is, among other things, that these length ratios provide a damping element with a sufficiently large sound-interacting surface and, at the same time, the smallest possible contact area, for example, with the inner tire surface or the rim.Furthermore, due to these length ratios, in the case of a parallel projection of the damping element into a projection plane, where a normal vector of the projection plane is parallel to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, an area-optimized mapping of the damping elements in the projection plane will be generated.

[0045] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the number of damping elements is 1-100 and in particular 2, 3, 4 or twice the value of a room mode number, for example, for room mode 1: twice the value = 2, for room mode 2: twice the value = 4, for room mode 5: twice the value = 10.

[0046] Because the number of damping elements is 2, 3, 4, or twice the number of a room mode, their use can be precisely tailored to the acoustic characteristics of the pneumatic tire. Depending on the type and operation of the tire, different principal frequencies of noise can occur within the tire. By matching the number of damping elements to the tire's acoustic characteristics and the potentially occurring principal frequencies, the unnecessary use of excess damping elements is avoided. This avoidance of excess damping elements also saves on porous material.

[0047] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum height and / or the maximum width and / or a maximum length of the at least one damping element and / or an amplitude and / or a phase and / or a frequency and / or the circumstance of whether the waveform follows a periodic or a non-periodic function, of the waveform of the wave-like sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element differ from the maximum height and / or the maximum width and / or a maximum length of at least one other damping element and / or an amplitude and / or a phase and / or a frequency and / or a circumstance of whether the waveform follows a periodic or a non-periodic function, of the waveform of the wave-like sound-interacting surface of the at least one other damping element.

[0048] Furthermore, according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one damping element may have different waveforms on different sides of its sound-interacting surface. These waveforms may differ, for example, with regard to their function, their amplitude, their phase, whether they are damped or undamped, and / or whether they are periodic or non-periodic.

[0049] Furthermore, according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least two different damping elements may differ from each other in such a way that they exhibit different waveforms on different sides of their sound-interacting surfaces. These waveforms of the different damping elements may differ, for example, with regard to their function, their amplitude, their phase, whether the function is damped or undamped, and / or whether the function is periodic or non-periodic.

[0050] The maximum length of the at least one damping element is a maximum extension of the at least one damping element that extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the at least one damping element.

[0051] Due to the inventive circumstance that the maximum height and / or the maximum width and / or a maximum length of at least one damping element differs from the maximum height and / or the maximum width and / or a maximum length of at least one other damping element, the amount of porous material of the damping element can be adapted to the acoustic conditions in the interior of the pneumatic tire.

[0052] The rationale behind this adaptation is that for certain spatial modes occurring within the interior of the pneumatic tire, only a specific number of damping elements with a predetermined maximum height, width, and / or length are necessary for damping. For other spatial modes occurring within the interior of the pneumatic tire, damping elements with, for example, a lower maximum height are sufficient.

[0053] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a first maximum distance between at least one first damping element and at least one second damping element immediately adjacent to it in the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire along the inner surface of the tire or the rim is 0 mm to 2000 mm.

[0054] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first maximum distance differs from a second maximum distance. The second maximum distance is a distance in the direction of rotation of the pneumatic tire along the inner surface of the tire between the at least one first damping element and an at least one third damping element immediately adjacent to it. The at least one first damping element is spatially arranged along the inner surface of the tire between the at least one second damping element and the at least one third damping element.

[0055] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first maximum distance differs from a second maximum distance. The second maximum distance is a distance in the circumferential direction of the rim along a rim surface between the at least one first damping element and an at least one third damping element immediately adjacent to it. The at least one first damping element is spatially arranged along the rim surface between the at least one second damping element and the at least one third damping element. The rim surface is, in particular, a surface of the rim that points radially away from the axis of rotation of the rim and is opposite the inner surface of the tire if the pneumatic tire is mounted on the rim.

[0056] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of at least two maximum distances between damping elements follows a random pattern, preferably a Monte Carlo-based random pattern. The inventive advantage of sufficiently attenuating noises with high acoustic frequencies, which can occur in higher room modes, is achieved by the fact that the ratio of at least two maximum distances between damping elements follows a random pattern, preferably a Monte Carlo-based random pattern. Furthermore, different room modes can be attenuated simultaneously in this way.

[0057] Furthermore, tire concentricity can be improved by distributing the damping elements. The reason for this improvement is that the damping elements can be positioned at points within the tire's inner surface where the tire may exhibit local mass deficits. These mass deficits relate to the mass of the tire itself. The mass of the damping elements is used to compensate for these mass deficits.

[0058] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a number N of damping elements are arranged in groups. In particular, the ratio between a distance X in cm between the individual damping elements within a group and a distance K in cm between two immediately adjacent groups of damping elements is as follows: (N−1)×X:K=A:B

[0059] In this case, A and B take on the values ​​A = 3 and B = 17, respectively. Alternatively, A and B can each be prime numbers. The fact that the distance X in cm between individual damping elements within a group of damping elements follows the ratio K in cm between two immediately adjacent groups, as described above, ensures that a large number of modes arising inside the tire are suppressed.

[0060] For example, the distance X in cm can also be set in the following ratio to the maximum width of at least one damping element in cm: (Maximum width of at least one damping element): X=1:3.

[0061] This exemplary pattern applies to a group of two damping elements at spatial mode 5. According to this example, at least one damping element has a maximum length of 20 mm. Therefore, the spacing X = 6 cm. With a spacing X, a group of two damping elements has a total length of 10 cm along the inner tire surface in the direction of rotation. In the case A = 3 and B = 17, the spacing K is then 34 cm. Thus, according to this example, there are 5 groups of two damping elements with a circumference of 2 m for the inner tire surface. Furthermore, according to another possibility, particularly in the case of a non-equidistant arrangement of the groups of damping elements or of the damping elements within the groups, the spacings X and K can be varied.

[0062] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first maximum distance is 0% to 5000% greater than the second maximum distance. The effect of the damping elements is optimized when a maximum distance between the damping elements corresponds to a wavelength of a harmonic wave. For example, a first maximum distance is selected based on the smallest room mode to be damped, and a second maximum distance is selected based on the highest room mode to be damped.

[0063] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one damping element is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the pneumatic tire or rim with respect to a central circumferential line.

[0064] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is at least partially designed according to a first waveform and at least partially designed according to a second waveform, wherein the first waveform follows at least a first function and the second waveform follows at least a second function, and wherein the at least one first function is different from the at least one second function.

[0065] Due to the fact that the wave-shaped sound-interacting surface of the at least one damping element is at least partially designed according to a first waveform and at least partially designed according to a second waveform, wherein the first waveform follows at least a first function and the second waveform follows at least a second function and wherein the at least one first function is different from the at least one second function, the damping element can be designed for different room modes occurring simultaneously.

[0066] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one first function differs from the at least one second function by a frequency, an amplitude, whether it is a periodic or non-periodic function, whether it is a damped or undamped function, and / or whether the function is based on a binary matrix.

[0067] The porous material from which the at least one damping element is formed can be, for example, standard ContiSilent® foam and / or polyurethane or polyester with a density of 30 to 35 kg / m³. 3 and a hardness of 6.5 kilopascals. Other possible porous materials consist of a mixture of polyurethane and / or polyester and / or polyether, or polyurethane foams based on a polyether or polyester base with a density of 30–35 kg / m³. 3and a hardness of 6.5 kilopascals, any porous, sound-absorbing material mixture, for example glass or rock wool, loop pile or high-pile or non-woven materials or cork. Other possible porous materials suitable for use as a damping element are, for example, melamine resin foam or construction foam.

[0068] Furthermore, the porous material of the damping element has a density of, for example, up to 100 kg / m³. 3 and / or a compression hardness of, for example, 1.5 kilopascals.

[0069] Preferably, the porous material of at least one damping element can differ from the porous material of at least one other damping element with respect to its material composition. In particular, groups of damping elements can differ from other groups of damping elements with respect to their porous materials, the properties associated with them, and their compositions.

[0070] For example, individual damping elements or groups of damping elements can be tuned to absorption maxima, depending on the room mode present. The absorption maxima refer to the absorption of sound waves associated with the room modes within the interior of the tire.

[0071] Furthermore, at least one damping element can be made of different porous materials.

[0072] The at least one damping element is attached to the inner surface of the tire, in particular by means of a sealant. This sealant is, for example, a polyurethane gel or a butyl rubber-based sealant.

[0073] The sealant is in particular a polyurethane gel or a butyl rubber-based sealant in combination with an adhesive tape and / or with a silicone-based adhesive and / or with a two-component adhesive and / or with a construction adhesive and / or with a polyurethane adhesive and / or with a rubber-based adhesive and / or with a tire repair adhesive and / or with a superglue and / or in combination with an adhesive based on cyanoacrylate and / or based on a water-based acrylic system with a polyethylene terephthalate structure and / or based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in conjunction with a formaldehyde resin dissolved in acetone and / or based on a silane polyether and / or based on a polybutene cross-linked with butyl rubber and / or based on an alkoxy silicone.

[0074] In particular, a different sealant or adhesive may be used for at least one damping element than for at least one other damping element. The choice of sealant may depend on the geometry and / or mass of the porous material of the respective damping element. The choice of sealant relates in particular to its chemical composition. Furthermore, the thickness of the sealant or adhesive layer may be varied.

[0075] Furthermore, for example, a damping element with a completely flat, non-wavy sound-interacting surface can be arranged spatially next to a damping element with a sound-interacting surface that is wavy.

[0076] Further features, advantages and details, to which the scope of the invention is not limited, will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0077] It shows: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of the cross-section through an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element in radial section view; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 6 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of an area of ​​an air tire according to the invention with at least one damping element according to a further embodiment; Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a wheel.

[0078] In the Fig. Figure 1 shows a pneumatic tire 12 according to a first embodiment, schematically depicted in radial section. The pneumatic tire 12 has a tread 1, sidewalls 2, bead areas 3, bead cores 4, a multi-layered belt 5, and a carcass ply 6. The pneumatic tire 12 has an inner surface 7. At least one damping element 8 is arranged on the inner surface 7. The at least one damping element 8 is made of a porous material and is suitable for reducing noise. The noise refers to noise that can occur in an interior space 13 of the pneumatic tire 12 formed by the inner surface 7. The pneumatic tire 12 preferably has a sealant 10. The sealant 10 is arranged on the inner surface 7 to protect the pneumatic tire 12 from punctures.The sealant 10 is able to self-seal in the event of a puncture or other mechanical damage to the pneumatic tire 12. The sealant 10 also serves to create an adhesive bond between the at least one damping element 8 and the inner surface of the tire 7. This adhesive bond can also be created by means of an adhesive, for example, an adhesive. Rim 11 is designated as such. The rim 11 is not a component of the pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention. The pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention can be mounted on the rim 11. At least one damping element can be mounted on the rim 11, unlike in the illustration in this [reference]. Fig. 1, additionally also arranged on the rim 11. The pneumatic tire 12 rotates about the axis of rotation R. One direction of rotation U of the pneumatic tire 12 is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation R of the pneumatic tire 12. The direction of rotation U is particularly related to the circular rotational movement of the pneumatic tire 12 about the axis of rotation R.

[0079] The at least one damping element 8 has at least one sound-interacting surface 18 and a maximum width B and a maximum height H. The at least one sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8 is designed as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface 18 corresponding to at least one waveform.

[0080] In the Fig. Figure 2 shows a pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 8 according to a further advantageous embodiment, schematically depicted in a cross-section. According to the illustration in the Fig. 2 the at least one damping element 8 is arranged along a complete inner tire circumference 9 on the inner tire surface 7.

[0081] In the Fig. 3 A region of an air tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 8 according to a further advantageous embodiment is shown schematically. According to the illustration in the Fig. 3 The at least one sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8 is designed as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface 18 corresponding to at least one waveform. The deflections of the waveform are oriented perpendicular to the direction of rotation U of the pneumatic tire 12 and, in particular, parallel to the axis of rotation R of the pneumatic tire 12.

[0082] In particular, a circular center circumference line 24 runs along the inner surface of the tire 7. The at least one damping element 8 can be arranged asymmetrically with respect to the center circumference line 24 on the inner surface of the tire 7 and can be arranged at different distances from the center circumference line 24.

[0083] In the Fig. Figure 4 schematically shows a region of a pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 8 according to a further advantageous embodiment. According to the illustration in the Fig. Figure 4 shows an amplitude 23 of the waveform of the sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8. The amplitude 23 can, for example, be a value of 0% to 2000% of the maximum width B or the maximum height H of the at least one damping element 8. A longitudinal axis 14 of the at least one damping element 8 is shown as a dashed line.

[0084] In the Fig. Figure 5 is a region of a pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 8 according to a further advantageous embodiment, shown schematically. According to the illustration in the Fig. Figure 5 shows a minimum amplitude 20 and a maximum amplitude 21 of the waveform of the sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8. The minimum amplitude 20 or the maximum amplitude 21 of the waveform corresponds, for example, to a range of 0% to 2000% of the maximum width B or the maximum height H of the at least one damping element 8.

[0085] In the Fig. Figure 6 schematically shows a region of a pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 8 according to a further advantageous embodiment. According to the illustration in the Fig. 6 is at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8 oriented in direction 22 of the axis of rotation R. The direction 22 points from the damping element 8 to the axis of rotation R.

[0086] In the Fig. Figure 7 is a region of a pneumatic tire 12 according to the invention with at least one damping element 801, 802 and 803 according to a further advantageous embodiment, shown schematically in oblique view. According to the Fig. In the schematically depicted embodiment 7, three damping elements 801, 802, and 803 are arranged on the inner surface 7 of the tire. A1 and A2 denote maximum distances between the damping elements 801, 802, and 803. The first maximum distance A1 is the distance between a first damping element 801 and the immediately adjacent second damping element 802 in the direction of rotation U of the pneumatic tire 12 along the inner surface 7 of the tire. The second maximum distance A2 is the distance between the at least one first damping element 801 and the immediately adjacent third damping element 803 in the direction of rotation U of the pneumatic tire 12 along the inner surface 7 of the tire.

[0087] According to the invention, the maximum distances A1 and A2 can be the same or different from each other. The damping elements 801, 802, and 803 have maximum heights H101, H102, and H103, respectively. The maximum heights H101, H102, and H103 of the damping elements 801, 802, and 803, and / or maximum lengths L101, L102, and L103 of the damping elements 801, 802, and 803, respectively, can be the same or different from each other.

[0088] Preferably, the maximum height H101 and / or the maximum width B101 and / or the maximum length L101 of the damping element 801 can differ from the maximum height H102, H103 and / or the maximum width B102, B103 and / or the maximum length L102, L103 of the other damping elements 802, 803.

[0089] In the Fig. Figure 8 is a region of an air tire 12 according to the invention, with at least one damping element 8, as shown schematically in a further advantageous embodiment. According to the illustration in the Fig. 8 is the at least one sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8 configured according to at least one waveform, wherein the waveform follows a random pattern with respect to its properties. These properties include, among others, the periodicity, the amplitude, whether the wavefunction follows a damped function, or a phase relationship. The random pattern arises, for example, from a superposition of several waves, such as according to a Fourier series. In addition, the at least one damping element 8 can have different heights, widths, and / or shapes in the direction of rotation U and / or be made of different materials. Furthermore, the waveform of the sound-interacting surface 18 of the at least one damping element 8 can have different frequencies and / or amplitudes in the direction of rotation U.These differences in the waveform and / or the damping element as a whole occur particularly along the damping element 8 in the direction of rotation U.

[0090] In the Fig. Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a wheel 25 according to the invention. The wheel 25 has a pneumatic tire 12 and a rim 11 according to the invention. The at least one damping element 8 can be part of the pneumatic tire 12 and / or the rim 11. Reference symbol list 1 tread 2 side walls 3 bulge areas 4 bead cores 5 Multi-layer belt bandage 6 Carcass insert 7 Tire inner surface 8 damping element 801 Damping element 802 Damping element 803 Damping element 9 inner tire circumference 10 sealants 11 rim 12 pneumatic tires 13 Interior 14 Longitudinal axis 15 Height extension of the at least one damping element 16 Maximum length of the at least one damping element 17. Width of the at least one damping element 18 Sound-interacting surface 20 Minimal Amplitude 21 Maximum Amplitude 22. Direction pointing from the damping element to the axis of rotation 23 Amplitude 24 Mid-circumference line 25 wheel B Maximum width B101 Maximum width B102 Maximum width B103 Maximum width H Maximum height H101 Maximum height H102 Maximum height H103 Maximum height L Maximum length L101 Maximum length L102 Maximum length L103 Maximum length A1 Maximum distance A2 Maximum distance R axis of rotation U Direction of rotation

Claims

[1] Pneumatic tire (12) with at least one damping element (8), wherein the at least one damping element (8) is located in an interior space (13) of the pneumatic tire (12) on an inner surface (7) of the tire opposite a tread (1) of the pneumatic tire (12), and wherein the at least one damping element (8) is at least partially made of a porous material and is designed to reduce noise, and wherein the at least one damping element (8) is bonded to the inner surface (7) of the tire, and wherein the pneumatic tire (12) is rotatable about an axis of rotation (R) in a direction of rotation (U), and wherein the at least one damping element (8) has at least one sound-interacting surface (18) and a maximum width (B) and a maximum height (H), wherein a maximum width (B) of the at least one damping element (8) is an extension of the at least one damping element (8),which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (14) of the at least one damping element (8) and preferably parallel to the axis of rotation (R) of the pneumatic tire (12), and wherein a maximum height (H) of the at least one damping element (8) is such an extension of the at least one damping element (8) that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (14) of the at least one damping element (8) and parallel to a radius of the pneumatic tire (12) and perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R) of the pneumatic tire (12), wherein the at least one sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is designed as a wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) according to at least one waveform, wherein the waveform follows a non-periodic function or a random pattern, in particular a random pattern based on a binary number sequence or a binary matrix, , characterized bythat the waveform follows a damped function [2] Pneumatic tires (12) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the at least one damping element (8) is arranged along a complete inner circumference (9) of the tire on the inner surface (7). [3] Pneumatic tire (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a minimum amplitude (20) or a maximum amplitude (21) of the waveform is the value of an extent of 0% to 2000% of the maximum width (B) or the maximum height (H) of the at least one damping element (8). [4] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is oriented in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation (R). [5] Pneumatic tire (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of rotation (U). [6] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is oriented in the direction (22) of the axis of rotation (R). [7] Pneumatic tire (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that an amount of an amplitude (23) of the waveform of the sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is greater or less than the amount of a maximum width (B) or the maximum height (H) of the at least one damping element (8). [8] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the maximum height (H) of the at least one damping element (8) is in a first length ratio of at least 1:30 to 5:1 to the maximum width (B) of the at least one damping element (8). [9] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 or 2 to 8 , characterized by, that the maximum height (H101) and / or the maximum width (B101) and / or a maximum length (L101) of at least one damping element (801) and / or an amplitude and / or a phase and / or a frequency and / or a circumstance as to whether the waveform follows a periodic or a non-periodic function, the waveform of the wave-like sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (801) differs from the maximum height (H102, H103) and / or the maximum width (B102, B103) and / or a maximum length (L102, L103) of at least another damping element (802, 803) and / or an amplitude and / or a phase and / or a frequency and / or a circumstance as to whether the waveform follows a periodic or a non-periodic function, the waveform of the wave-like sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least are different from another damping element (802, 803). [10] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 or 2 to 9, characterized by , that a first maximum distance (A1) between at least one first damping element (801) to a second damping element (802) immediately adjacent to it in the direction of rotation (U) of the pneumatic tire (12) along the inner surface (7) of the tire is different from a second maximum distance (A2), wherein the second maximum distance (A2) is a distance in the direction of rotation (U) of the pneumatic tire (12) along the inner surface (7) of the tire between the at least one first damping element (801) and a third damping element (803) immediately adjacent to it. [11] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one damping element (8) is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation (R) on the inner surface of the tire (7) with respect to a central circumferential line (24). [12] Pneumatic tires (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wave-shaped sound-interacting surface (18) of the at least one damping element (8) is at least partially designed according to a first waveform and at least partially designed according to a second waveform, wherein the first waveform follows at least one first function and the second waveform follows at least one second function and wherein the at least one first function is different from the at least one second function. [13] Pneumatic tires (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized by, that the at least one first function differs from the at least one second function by a frequency, an amplitude, a circumstance of whether it is a periodic or non-periodic function, a circumstance of whether it is a damped or an undamped function, and / or a circumstance of whether the function is based on a binary matrix. [14] Wheel (25) comprising a pneumatic tire (12) according to one of the preceding claims

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