Artificial eye lens with diffractive grid structure and method for manufacturing an artificial eye lens

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial eye lens (1) with an optical part (2) having a first optical side (4) and an opposite second optical side (5) viewed in the direction of a principal optical axis (A) of the artificial eye lens (1), wherein the optical part (2) has a diffractive grating structure that contributes to the optical imaging properties of the optical part (2), the diffractive grating structure being an amplitude grating (6) formed as a laser structure in the optical part (2). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such an artificial eye lens (1) using a laser device (17).

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to an artificial eye lens with an optical part comprising a first optical side and an opposite second optical side, the optical part having a diffractive grating structure that contributes to the optical imaging properties of the optical part. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such an artificial eye lens using a laser. State of the art

[0002] Multifocal artificial lenses are known in a wide variety of ways from the state of the art. In particular, intraocular lenses are known that replace the natural lens in the eye and are implanted accordingly.

[0003] From DE 37 40 533 A1 a method and a device for generating coherent electromagnetic waves from incoherent rays incident on an optical imaging system are known.

[0004] From US patent 2015 / 0378065 A1, a method for modifying the refractive index of an optical material of an intraocular lens is known.

[0005] An intraocular lens is known from US 2017 / 00422665 A1.

[0006] Furthermore, an intraocular lens with extended depth of field is known from US 2009 / 0234448 A1.

[0007] US Patent 2010 / 0082017 A1 discloses an intraocular lens in which slits are formed in both a haptic and an optical part to modify the mechanical and structural characteristics of the lens. These elongated slits are formed inside the intraocular lens, particularly using a laser.

[0008] Furthermore, US patent 2004 / 0032566 A1 discloses a method for marking an intraocular lens using a laser. The laser is used to micro-perforate the optical part of the lens.

[0009] Furthermore, US patent 2014 / 0135920 A1 discloses a manufacturing process for an intraocular lens in which the hydrophilic behavior of the polymer material from which the artificial eye lens is already manufactured is altered using a laser beam from an ultrashort pulse laser. This alteration of the hydrophilic behavior of the polymer material results in a reduction of its optical refractive index.

[0010] Another well-known manufacturing method is ultra-precision machining. This process uses a monocrystalline diamond tool, which mechanically acts directly on the plastic from which the lens is to be produced. This technology employs geometrically defined, monocrystalline diamond tools similar to classic machining processes such as turning or milling. However, these manufacturing methods require very stable machines and consistent environmental conditions. Typically, the production environment is climate-controlled and vibration-damped. Therefore, the manufacturing process is very complex.

[0011] In addition to the direct processing of plastic optics mentioned above, ultra-precision machining can also be used to provide molding tools, which can then be used to mold the eye lens in a casting process, which is also more cost-effective.

[0012] However, the production of highly complex profiles on the surface of an optical component is limited, and the creation of optically effective structures inside the optical component is not possible. Structures produced with a laser, on the other hand, offer advantages.

[0013] With known artificial lenses, especially intraocular lenses, undesirable diffraction orders occur that impair their optical functionality. These undesired diffraction orders occur to a greater or lesser degree regardless of the known manufacturing methods. Halos and glares are particularly problematic. Halos are light effects caused by the refraction and reflection of light, creating halos around lamps, headlights, and other light sources. They also appear as rings of light. These are especially undesirable effects at dusk or at night, and can lead to visual disturbances. Halos occur particularly at dusk and at night at relatively sharp light-dark transitions, causing glare and making vision relatively strenuous for the wearer of the artificial lens. Glares are glare effects.They occur particularly when exposed to direct sunlight, for example at dusk or in darkness, when a bright light source shines towards the observer. Direct or reflected sunlight also produces such glare effects. Description of the invention

[0014] The object of the invention is to provide an artificial eye lens and a method for producing an artificial eye lens in which the occurrence of disturbing light effects such as halos and glares is at least reduced.

[0015] One aspect of the invention relates to an artificial eye lens comprising an optical part by which the optical imaging properties of the eye lens are characterized. This optical part has a first optical side and a second optical side opposite the first optical side when viewed along the principal optical axis of this eye lens. The artificial eye lens further comprises a haptic. The haptic holds the artificial eye lens in position within the eye. The artificial eye lens may also have, in addition to or instead of the haptic, a rim that surrounds the optical part, at least partially, and is distinct from the haptic. This rim is neither part of the optical part nor, in particular, a component of any haptic, if such a haptic is present.

[0016] The artificial lens features a diffractive grating structure that contributes to the optical imaging properties of the lens. This diffractive grating structure is integrated into the optical portion of the artificial lens. Specifically, it is an amplitude grating, which is further enhanced by the laser-etched design of the optical portion of the artificial lens, particularly in the single-piece optical section. An amplitude grating is an absorbing grating. It is designed to modulate the amplitude of the incident light wave. An amplitude grating is an optical grating that partially absorbs incident light.

[0017] An amplitude grating can be configured as a transmission grating or a reflection grating. By designing such a specific optical grating as a laser structure, it can be manufactured with extreme precision and, furthermore, it can be generated with high local definition at different locations within the optical component. This specific design of such an amplitude grating allows for the suppression of unwanted diffraction orders of the artificial eye lens. This, in particular, also enables the improvement of contrast in the optical system. Specifically, such a diffractive grating structure, designed as a laser structure, also makes it possible to significantly reduce halos and glares. Unwanted glare and reflection effects, such as those caused by these specific, optically disturbing phenomena, can thus be considerably reduced.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating is formed as a microperforation within the optical element. This is particularly advantageous when such a specific optical grating is generated as a laser structure. Forming an amplitude grating through microperforation allows for highly precise shaping of the individual structural regions of this grating. This results in a particularly advantageous optical effect of the amplitude grating. Furthermore, this design achieves a very sharp contour of the grating's contour regions, ensuring that even at the grating's edges, areas of the optical element not belonging to the grating are not undesirably affected, and their optical imaging properties are therefore not undesirably distorted.The micro-perforation design allows for very finely dosed differences in the structural areas of the amplitude grating, so that very individual optical imaging properties of the amplitude grating can be created within itself.

[0019] By designing the amplitude grating as a microperforation, it is particularly advantageous to create an internal structure for the amplitude grating within the optical component. In this advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating lies entirely within the optical component and therefore does not appear as a surface structure. With this design, the amplitude grating is completely surrounded by the material of the optical component and is only formed by the perforation of the optical component material through the action of the laser radiation. This internal and thus embedded design of the amplitude grating offers the aforementioned advantages to a significant degree and, moreover, protects the amplitude grating from unwanted mechanical influences.Especially during the manufacturing of the artificial eye lens and the subsequent storage before implantation of the artificial eye lens, no direct mechanical influences can be exerted on this amplitude grid, and therefore no damage to this amplitude grid can be caused.

[0020] In a further advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating has a first grating region formed with a first perforation density of microperforation zones and / or with a first dimension of microperforation zones. The amplitude grating particularly has a second grating region formed with a second perforation density of microperforation zones that differs from the first perforation density and / or with a second dimension of microperforation zones that differs from the first dimension of microperforation zones. This allows for the creation of highly precise and thus optically highly functional amplitude grating regions that can also be relatively small and / or individually shaped to specific dimensions.This allows the amplitude grating to be designed with different attenuation levels or gray values, and thus with highly individual absorption values ​​for the incident light. The aforementioned undesirable optical diffraction and reflection effects can thereby be further reduced.

[0021] In particular, it is also possible to define a position and / or a number of opaque grid areas of the amplitude grid depending on these parameters, namely the perforation density of the microperforation zone and / or the dimensions of the microperforation zones. The dimensions of a perforation zone can be an internal dimension and / or a depth. Depending on the shape of such a perforation zone, individual configurations of the amplitude grid can thus be realized.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one perforation zone of the microperforation can be partially filled with a dye. Such an additional material addition allows the amplitude grating to be further improved and realized with different and more finely graduated attenuation levels or gray values. The variability and flexibility of the grating structure are also increased. Furthermore, exceptionally high precision of the grating structures in the micrometer range can be achieved. The optical functionality of the amplitude grating can be individually influenced by specific absorbing dyes. Thus, individual perforation zones can be partially filled with this dye and / or different dyes with varying absorption rates.The primary functionality of an amplitude grating, namely its individual absorption behavior in different regions, can be customized in a highly variable and extremely flexible manner. This is made possible in particular by designing the amplitude grating as a laser structure, as different perforation zone densities and sizes can be created very precisely, thus ensuring accurate positioning and shape. The subsequent individual filling with one or more dyes exhibiting individual absorption properties also allows for the creation of particularly diverse and finely controlled absorption characteristics within the amplitude grating.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the dye is polymerized in at least one perforation zone. This improves the long-term stability of the dye. Polymerization can be achieved, for example, by UV (ultraviolet) light or by multiphoton polymerization with laser light.

[0024] In particular, the position and / or number of opaque grid regions of the amplitude grating depend on the type and / or amount of dye and / or the number and / or position of the perforation zones at least partially filled with dye. This significantly increases the already described high variability and degree of individualization of a producible amplitude grating. This is made possible, in particular, by designing the amplitude grating as a laser structure, since only with a laser can the advantages already described above regarding the fundamental production of such an amplitude grating, as well as its positional accuracy and high optical functionality, be achieved.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating has grating rings that encircle at least a portion of an optical principal axis of the optical part. Such a structuring of the amplitude grating allows for the creation of specifically absorbing ring zones, which then also preferably exhibit a geometrically symmetrical design around the optical principal axis and display a uniform effect with respect to the optical properties in this azimuthal direction.

[0026] In particular, the amplitude grating is completely enclosed within the optical component. This means that it is entirely surrounded by the material of the optical component and is therefore not exposed on the optical sides. The advantages gained from this design have already been mentioned above.

[0027] Using the above-mentioned methods, an individual aperture diaphragm can be created, which increases the depth of field of the eye.

[0028] In an advantageous embodiment, a separate optical grating structure is formed on at least one side of the optical part, distinct from the amplitude grating. The two separate optical grating structures improve the optical imaging properties and, in particular, further suppress interfering optical effects. Specifically, various optical interference effects can be suppressed more effectively.

[0029] In particular, the additional separate optical grating structure is a phase grating. Phase gratings are optical diffraction gratings that influence the phase of the incoming light wave. Unlike an amplitude grating, which is an absorbing optical grating, a phase grating is a waveform grating that reshapes the wavefront of the incoming light source. A phase grating can also be configured as a transmission grating or a reflection grating. Especially in combination with an amplitude grating, the optical imaging properties can be improved, and the aforementioned interfering diffraction or reflection effects can be significantly reduced, particularly the halos and glares mentioned earlier, which can be substantially reduced by the amplitude grating.

[0030] In a further highly advantageous embodiment, this phase grating is achromatized for at least two wavelengths. This maximizes the diffraction efficiency for specific diffraction orders. To achieve this, as much intensity as possible is concentrated into the desired diffraction orders, while it is minimized in the remaining orders, including, for example, the zeroth diffraction order. In this advantageous embodiment, a specific refractive index modification is achieved in specific grating regions of the phase grating to create this achromatization for at least two wavelengths. This refractive index modification is generated using a laser, particularly an ultrashort pulse laser. Achromatization makes the phase difference of the interfering waves independent of the wavelength. In the aforementioned advantageous embodiment, this occurs for at least two different wavelengths.

[0031] The phase lattice mentioned above can, for example, be a blaze lattice.

[0032] It may be provided that at least one optical side of the optical part, as mentioned above, is spherical or aspherical. A toric design, and thus a toric surface profile, may be formed on at least one of these optical sides. Other optical surface profiles may also be formed on such an optical side of the optical part. For example, ring-shaped zones may be formed here, which may be part of another diffractive element. These ring-shaped zones are then formed on this optical side and are therefore external and thus exposed optical structural elements.

[0033] In particular, an ultrashort pulse laser from a laser device is used to process the optical part of the artificial eye lens in such a way that the amplitude grating and, if necessary, at least one further optical grating are generated. Specifically, the parameters of the laser device are set so that laser disruption occurs at the focal point of the laser beam in the transparent plastic of the optical part of the artificial eye lens, just above the threshold value. Increasing the intensity of the laser beam creates larger volumes of damage in this plastic. The laser disruptions, which usually appear as bubble formation in the plastic, can be generated in a single pulse with sufficient energy, for example, in the microjoule range, or with low energy density in the nanojoule range by a high repetition rate in the kilohertz to megahertz range.

[0034] In an advantageous embodiment, the artificial eye lens may also have a further optical grating structure, which is configured as a holographic grating. In an advantageous embodiment, this grating structure may comprise a first holographic grating and a second holographic grating. In particular, a moiré pattern can be generated by these two holographic gratings. Preferably, the distance between the two holographic gratings, measured along the principal optical axis, is smaller than the distance between the first and second optical sides, also measured along the principal optical axis. In particular, at least one holographic grating is located entirely within the optical part of the artificial eye lens, between the optical sides of the optical part.

[0035] It may be provided that at least one coating is applied to the first optical side or the second optical side of the optical part, and that at least one holographic grating is formed in this coating. The optical part may have at least one laminated area, and at least one holographic grating is formed in this laminated area.

[0036] In particular, this holographic grating is also designed as a laser structure in the optical part.

[0037] By specifically designing a grating structure, particularly with at least two different, separate holographic gratings that are specifically superimposed, an individual refractive power of the eye lens can be generated. To create this optically active grating structure, preferably a moiré structure, within the coherence length of light, at least two such diffracting structures in the form of holographic gratings are produced as a laser structure using a laser, particularly within correspondingly adjacent layers of an optical part of the eye lens. This process can generate both a positive and a negative change in the refractive index of the plastic.

[0038] The artificial eye lens is, in particular, a multifocal, and especially at least trifocal, artificial eye lens. The artificial eye lens is, in particular, an intraocular lens. Specifically, the optical part of the artificial eye lens is formed in one piece. The optical part preferably has a diameter greater than 2 mm, and in particular greater than or equal to 3 mm. The amplitude grating in the optical part is formed at a radial distance of greater than or equal to 1 mm from the principal optical axis.

[0039] Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing a multifocal artificial lens according to the aspects mentioned above, in which an optically effective structure is produced with a laser device and a pulsed laser beam with a pulse length between 100 fs and 20 ps, ​​a wavelength between 320 nm and 1,100 nm, a pulse repetition rate between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, a focus diameter of less than 5 µm, in particular less than 2 µm, and a power density of greater than 10 6 W / cm 2 , is generated and acts on the material of the artificial eye lens. Preferably the pulse length is 300 fs and the wavelength is preferably 1060 nm, 532 nm, or 355 nm. Through disruptive processing, a wavelength of 256 nm, and preferably 213 nm, can be provided, particularly for ablative processing.

[0040] Further features of the invention are evident from the claims, the figures, and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as those subsequently mentioned in the description of the figures and / or shown in the figures alone, are not only usable in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, embodiments that are not explicitly shown and explained in the figures, but which can be derived and generated from the explained embodiments by separate combinations of features, are also to be considered as encompassed and disclosed by the invention. Embodiments and combinations of features that do not exhibit all the features of an originally formulated independent claim are also to be considered disclosed.Furthermore, embodiments and combinations of features, in particular those set out above, are to be considered disclosed which go beyond or deviate from the combinations of features set out in the cross-references of the claims.

[0041] The specific parameter values ​​and information on parameter ratios or parameter values ​​specified in the documents for defining exemplary embodiments of the eye lens are also to be considered as included within the scope of the invention, even in the case of deviations, for example due to measurement errors, system errors, DIN tolerances, etc., which also includes explanations relating to essentially corresponding values ​​and information. Brief description of the drawings

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings. These show: Fig. 1a a perspective schematic and simplified representation of a first embodiment of an artificial eye lens according to the invention; Fig. 1b a perspective schematic and simplified representation of a further embodiment of an artificial eye lens according to the invention; Fig. 2 a top view of an embodiment of an optical part of an artificial eye lens with a specific first amplitude grating; Fig. 3 a top view of an embodiment of an optical part of an artificial eye lens with a specific second amplitude grating; Fig. 4 a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an artificial eye lens with a phase grating in the optical part; and Fig. 5 A simplified representation of a laser device for manufacturing an artificial eye lens. Preferred embodiments of the invention

[0043] In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements are given the same reference symbols.

[0044] In Fig. Figure 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an artificial eye lens 1, which here is an intraocular lens. The artificial eye lens 1, hereinafter referred to as eye lens 1, has an optical part 2 and a haptic 3. The eye lens 1 is multifocal, in particular trifocal. The eye lens 1 is foldable and can be inserted into an eye through a small incision. The optical part 2, which is essential for the optical imaging properties of the eye lens 1, comprises a principal optical axis A. Furthermore, the optical part 2, viewed in the direction of this principal optical axis A, has a first optical surface or optical side 4, which can be a front, and opposite it, a second optical surface or optical side 5, which can be a back.In the implanted state of the eye lens 1, the front side faces the cornea, whereas the back side faces away from the cornea.

[0045] In Fig. Figure 1b shows a further embodiment of an artificial eye lens 1 designed as an intraocular lens in a perspective view. It differs from the embodiment in Fig. 1a through the different haptics 3. By means of the haptics 3, the eye lens 1 is held in the eye.

[0046] Optical faces 4 and 5 are uneven in their design, specifically convex and curved. A diffractive profile is formed on at least one optical face 4 or 5 on this convex basic shape.

[0047] In principle, differently shaped and designed haptics 3 can also be provided.

[0048] In Fig. Figure 2 shows a simplified representation of the optical part 2 with a view to the optical side 4. The eye lens 1 could additionally or instead be configured accordingly with a view to the optical side 5. In the exemplary embodiment, a diffractive grating or a diffractive grating structure, which is an amplitude grating 6, is preferably formed inside the optical part 2, which is preferably disc-shaped. The amplitude grating 6 is configured as a laser structure. The amplitude grating 6 is, in particular, arranged completely within the optical part 2 and generated by a laser. The amplitude grating 6 is therefore completely surrounded by the remaining material of the optical part 2 and thus completely enclosed by this material.

[0049] The optical part 2 is a single piece and is therefore formed from a single part.

[0050] In particular, the amplitude grating 6 can also be formed as a microperforation 7 in the optical part 2.

[0051] The amplitude grid 6 has a first grid region 8, which is formed with a first perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 and / or with a first dimension of perforation zones of this microperforation 7. The amplitude grid 6 preferably has a separate second grid region 9, which is formed with a second perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 that differs from the first perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 and / or with a second dimension of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 that differs from the first dimension of perforation zones of the microperforation 7.In particular, it is provided that the amplitude grid 6 may also have at least a third grid area 10, which is formed with a third perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 that differs from the first and second perforation density of perforation zones and / or dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation 7.

[0052] It is possible for at least one grating region 8, 9, 10 to be repeated in the radial direction to the principal optical axis A, which is perpendicular to the plane of the figure. An alternating arrangement of at least two grating regions 8, 9, 10 in this radial direction to the principal optical axis A is also possible.

[0053] In the version shown according to Fig. 2. The individual perforation zones of the microperforation 7 are designed as ring zones, which in particular are formed completely around the principal optical axis A. An embodiment may also be provided in which at least one grating region 8, 9, 10 is only partially formed around the principal optical axis A.

[0054] As can be seen, the radial thickness of a lattice region 8, 9, 10 is also different.

[0055] In particular, it is provided that at least one dye is contained in at least one perforation zone, preferably in several perforation zones, of at least one grid region 8, 9, 10. The absorption behavior of the amplitude grid 6 can thus be adjusted differently.

[0056] It may be provided that at least one absorbing dye is polymerized in at least one perforation zone.

[0057] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that an additional optical grating structure is formed on the optical side 4 and / or on the optical side 5, and thus externally, as a separate grating structure from the amplitude grating 6. This additional grating structure is designed as a separate optical grating and, in particular, as a phase grating 11. For the sake of clarity, this phase grating 11 is shown in Fig. 2 not explicitly shown structurally, but merely indicated with a reference sign.

[0058] For a possible embodiment of the phase grid 11, reference is made to the very simplified and schematic representation in Fig. Reference is made to Figure 4. There, a section of the optical part 2 is shown, and a very simplified cross-sectional view through the optical part 2 is shown, with the principal optical axis A lying in this cross-sectional plane.

[0059] As an example, phase grating 11 is shown here as a blaze grating. In particular, optical side 4 and optical side 5 are each unevenly formed, especially curved, whereby a spherical or aspherical curvature can be formed. In the highly magnified cross-sectional view in Fig. 4 is the optical side 4, not curved, but simplified and shown in a flat state.

[0060] In Fig. Figure 4 shows an example in which the phase grating 11 is formed on the optical side 4. This phase grating 11 is also designed as a laser structure and generated with the laser device described below. The phase grating 11 has several grating regions 12, 13, 14, and 15. The number and individual shapes of grating regions 12 to 15 are shown only as examples and are schematic, not exhaustive. The grating regions 12 to 15 are designed as stepped zones relative to each other. It is preferably provided that the phase grating 11 is achromatized for at least two wavelengths.

[0061] In particular, it is provided that the grating region 12 has a first subregion 12a and a second subregion 12b. The two subregions 12a and 12b have different refractive indices. This is achieved by applying a laser beam to the material of the optical part 2. Advantageously, the phase grating 11 is made of the same material as the optical part 2. When exposed to a laser beam, the outer subregion 12b is affected in such a way that its refractive index changes. This change in the material configuration is caused by the laser beam, resulting in the change in the refractive index. Subregion 12a, on the other hand, retains the same refractive index as the material of the optical part 2. As in the embodiment in [reference to embodiment], which is also not to be understood as restrictive, Fig. As can be seen in Figure 4, the outer section 12b, whose refractive index has been altered by the action of the laser beam, is triangular in shape in this cross-sectional view. Viewed from a zone tip 12c, it widens towards the adjacent second grating section 13, and it exhibits its greatest widening, in particular, at the preferably formed junction with the adjacent grating section 13.

[0062] In particular, a corresponding design is also formed in at least one further grid area 13 to 15, as is also shown in Fig. 4 is indicated.

[0063] In Fig. Figure 3 shows a simplified representation of the optical part 2 of another embodiment of the artificial eye lens 1. In contrast to the representation according to Fig. 2. Here, it is provided that the configuration of the amplitude grating 6, which is an additional feature of the birefringent structure 2a, is not formed with circumferential rings as grating regions 8, 9, 10, but rather that it is generated by several individual local regions spaced apart in the direction of rotation around the principal optical axis A and preferably equidistant from one another. Here, too, the individual local regions are formed by several perforation zones, which can also be filled, at least partially, with one or more dyes. As can be seen here, grating region 8 has several local regions which, in an individual configuration, are designed differently from local regions of, for example, the more inwardly located grating region 10. In particular, it can also be provided that a grating region, here grating region 9, is configured according to the configuration in Fig. 2 is realized. Likewise, another alternative can be formed by, for example, the grid area 8 being accordingly in Fig. 2 is formed and only the lattice area 10 according to the representation in Fig. 3 is formed. It can also be provided that the grid area 10 is designed according to the configuration in Fig. 2 is realized and only the grid area 8 corresponds to the design in Fig. 3 is realized. It can also be provided that grid area 9 is designed with corresponding breaks in individual local areas, as is the case with the designs in Fig. 3 is intended for grid areas 8 and 10.

[0064] In addition to the amplitude grating 6 and additionally or instead of the phase grating 11, if present, another optically effective grating structure 16 can also be used ( Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) be formed on or in the optical part 2. This further separate optical grating structure 16 has at least one holographic grating. This further optical grating structure 16 is preferably designed as a laser structure and in particular with the laser device as described below. Fig. 5 is explained, generated.

[0065] Preferably, this optical structure 16 comprises two separate holographic gratings, a first holographic grating and a second holographic grating. Preferably, the distance between the two holographic gratings, measured along the principal optical axis A, is smaller than the distance between the first optical side 4 and the second optical side 5, also measured along the principal optical axis A. In an advantageous embodiment, the at least two holographic gratings are superimposed, and in particular, superimposed such that a moiré pattern is formed. In particular, this optical structure 16 is configured as a central circular zone around the principal optical axis A of the optical part 2.

[0066] In Fig.Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a laser device 17, which is designed for the production of a multifocal artificial eye lens 1. In particular, this laser device 17 enables the generation of the amplitude grating 6 and / or the phase grating 11 and / or at least one further optical grating structure 16. The laser device 17 comprises at least one laser 18, which is an ultrashort pulse laser. This laser device 17 includes a scanner 19, which is adjustable in three dimensions, by means of which a pulsed laser beam of the laser 18 can be adjusted. Furthermore, the laser device 17 includes a focusing optic 20, which is arranged downstream of the scanner 19 in the beam path.The laser device 17 also has a receptacle 21 on which the artificial eye lens 1 is mounted, so that the desired structuring can then be applied with the laser beam 22 focused by the focusing optics 20. The pulsed laser beam 22 with its laser pulses is operated in particular with a pulse duration between 100 fs and 20 ps, ​​in particular with a wavelength between 200 nm and 1,100 nm, in particular with a pulse repetition rate between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, in particular with a focus diameter of less than 5 µm and in particular with a power density greater than 10. 8 W / cm 2This generates a multiphoton absorption effect. The focusing optics 20 can have a numerical aperture greater than 0.1, preferably greater than 0.3, and particularly greater than 0.5. The laser device 17 also makes it possible to generate focus diameters of less than 5 µm, particularly less than 2 µm. A power density of the focused laser beam greater than 10⁻⁶ is achieved. 10 W / cm 2 This is useful to achieve optical breakthrough (photodisruption) of the polymer material of the artificial eye lens, for example, if linear absorption of the polymer material does not support this effect. To achieve only a non-linear interaction in the polymer material of the artificial eye lens 1, a power density of less than 10 is also sufficient. 10 W / cm 2The process is designed to prevent photodisruption but can alter optical and / or mechanical, and consequently hygroscopic, material properties. To ensure high processing efficiency of the artificial eye lens, a repetition rate of the ultrashort laser pulses of laser beam 22 in the range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz is advantageous. Pulse energies in the sub-gJ range are used. Particularly at repetition rates greater than 1 MHz, a pulse energy of less than 1 µJ is also possible due to cumulative interaction effects.

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