Artificial eye lens with laser-generated birefringent structure and method for producing an artificial eye lens

Abstract

Artificial eye lens (1) with an optical part (2) which has a first optical side (4) viewed in the direction of a main optical axis (A) of the eye lens (1) and an opposite second optical side (5), wherein the optical part (2) is formed with a structure (2a) having birefringence, characterized in that the birefringent structure (2a) in the one-piece optical part (2) is formed as a laser structure.

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to an artificial eye lens comprising an optical part having a first optical side, viewed in the direction of a main optical axis of the artificial eye lens, and an opposite second optical side. The optical part has a birefringent structure that contributes to the optical imaging properties of the optical part. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing such an artificial eye lens using a laser. State of the art

[0002] Multifocal artificial lenses are widely known in the state of the art. In particular, intraocular lenses are implanted to replace the natural lens in the eye.

[0003] US 2015 / 0378065 A1 discloses a method for modifying the refractive index of the optical material of an intraocular lens. This method involves a multilayer system with a GRIN structure.

[0004] In addition, a multifocal diffractive intraocular lens is known from US 2016 / 0220352 A1.

[0005] US 2010 / 0082017 A1 discloses an intraocular lens in which slits are formed in both a haptic part and an optical part to modify the mechanical and structural characteristics of the lens. These elongated slits are formed inside the intraocular lens, in particular using a laser.

[0006] Furthermore, US 2004 / 0032566 A1 discloses a method for marking an intraocular lens using a laser. The laser performs a microperforation of the optical part of the lens.

[0007] Furthermore, US 2014 / 0135920 A1 discloses a manufacturing method for an intraocular lens in which the hydrophilic behavior of the polymer material from which the artificial lens is already made is altered using a laser beam from an ultrashort pulse laser. This alteration of the hydrophilic behavior of the polymer material results in a reduction in the optical refractive index of this polymer material.

[0008] Another well-known manufacturing option is ultra-precision machining. This involves using a monocrystalline diamond tool, which mechanically impacts the plastic from which the lens is to be produced. This technology uses geometrically defined, monocrystalline diamond tools similar to traditional machining processes such as turning or milling. However, these manufacturing processes require very stable machines and consistent environmental conditions. Typically, the production environment is air-conditioned and vibration-damped. Therefore, production is very complex.

[0009] With the help of ultra-precision machining, in addition to the above-mentioned direct machining of the plastic optics, molding tools can also be provided with which the eye lens can then be molded in a casting process, which is also more cost-effective.

[0010] However, the production of very complex profiles on the surface of an optical part is limited, and the creation of optically effective structures inside the optical part is not possible. Laser-generated structures, on the other hand, offer advantages.

[0011] In known artificial eye lenses, especially intraocular lenses, undesirable diffraction orders occur which limit their optical functionality. These undesirable diffraction orders occur to a greater or lesser extent regardless of the known manufacturing processes. Halos and glares in particular are disruptive impairments in this case. Halos are light effects which, through the refraction and reflection of light, create halos around lamps, headlights and other light sources. They also appear as rings of light. Especially at dusk or at night, these are particularly undesirable effects which can also lead to misperception. Especially at dusk and at night, halos occur at relatively sharp light-dark transitions, which not only dazzle one eye but also make vision relatively strenuous for the lens wearer. Glares are dazzling effects.They occur particularly when exposed to direct bright light, for example, at dusk or in the dark, when a bright light source shines toward the observer. Direct or reflected sunlight also produces such glare effects.

[0012] DE 38 55 963 T2 discloses a birefringent intraocular lens whose optical part is constructed from several separate components. This is very complex, and the birefringence functionality is severely limited. Description of the invention

[0013] It is an object of the invention to provide an artificial eye lens and a method for producing an artificial eye lens in which or with which a birefringent structure is formed in a simpler and yet more functional manner.

[0014] One aspect of the invention relates to an artificial eye lens having an optical part by means of which the optical imaging property of the eye lens is characterized. This optical part has a first optical side and, viewed in the direction of the main optical axis of this eye lens, a second optical side opposite it. The artificial eye lens furthermore has, in particular, a haptic. The eye lens is positionally held in an eye by means of the haptic. In addition to or instead of the haptic, the artificial eye lens has a frame which surrounds the optical part at least in regions and is different from the haptic. This frame is then neither a component of the optical part nor is it a component, in particular, of the temples of a haptic if such a haptic is present.

[0015] The optical part of the artificial eye lens is formed as a single piece and thus also manufactured as a single piece. The artificial eye lens has a birefringent structure on or in the single-piece optical part itself, and thus in only one optical part provided as a single part. This structure is also designed as a specific manufacturing structure, namely a laser structure. This minimizes the number of components required for the design of an optical part of an artificial eye lens, yet the birefringent structure is more precise and thus more accurate in terms of its imaging properties. By designing it as a laser structure, it can be formed in a very diverse location on or in the optical part and can also be designed very precisely and even delicately in terms of its shape and / or orientation. This also significantly increases the optical functional flexibility of such a birefringent structure.

[0016] Birefringence is the ability of optically anisotropic media to split a beam of light into two perpendicularly polarized sub-beams. This effect is caused by the different refractive indices depending on the direction of propagation and the polarization of the light. Even isotropic materials can become individually anisotropic and then specifically birefringent through appropriate processing, especially with specific laser beams, namely ultrashort laser pulses.

[0017] The two methods described (pulsed laser operation and ultrashort pulsed laser operation) also allow a particularly precise preferred direction to be incorporated into an artificial eye lens, which otherwise does not change the artificial eye lens but enables very precise polarization-dependent transmission.

[0018] The manufacturing process is also preferably applicable to trifocal artificial lenses, such as intraocular lenses, to make them polarization-dependent. Foci can then be eliminated using polarization filters. These could then be incorporated into eyeglasses, for example. In particular, the birefringent structure is designed such that light distribution is also modulated across at least two different foci of the artificial lens.

[0019] In particular, the material of the optical part into which the birefringent structure is formed is an isotropic material. It is precisely through the design of a laser structure that such a material can also be made birefringent.

[0020] Preferably, the birefringent structure is a linear birefringent structure, at least in some regions. This results in a linearly polarizing effect of this birefringent structure. This allows very specific types of birefringence to be achieved relatively easily, exhibiting precise optical functionality.

[0021] In particular, the birefringent structure is created with a pulsed laser beam in such a way that linear structures in the optical part are heated to just below their melting point. A pulsed laser beam with a pulse length between 1 ns and 1 s, a wavelength between 320 nm and 11 µm, a pulse repetition rate between 0.5 Hz and 1 kHz, and a focus diameter of a few µm is used to briefly heat the material through linear absorption.

[0022] Another possibility, which can be carried out in addition to or instead of this, is to generate ultrashort laser pulses in such a way that these laser pulses generate non-linear interactions within the linear structures in the optical part up to just before the laser disruption threshold.

[0023] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ultrashort laser pulses are used to specifically align the monomer molecules that comprise the artificial lens. This alignment is particularly perpendicular or at an angle to an optical axis of the laser device that emits the ultrashort laser pulses. This alignment can be achieved by irradiating another laser beam into the focus area of ​​the laser device for multiphoton polymerization. Furthermore, an electric field and / or a magnetic field can be used to align the monomer molecules before polymerization occurs.

[0024] In particular, the artificial eye lens is formed with a birefringent structure, so that an at least bifocal artificial eye lens with at least reduced halos and reduced glares is formed.

[0025] In particular, in addition to the birefringent structure, the artificial eye lens preferably has at least one diffractive grating structure that contributes to the optical imaging properties of the optical part. The diffractive grating structure is formed in the optical part of the artificial eye lens. This diffractive grating structure is, in particular, an amplitude grating, which is further formed as a laser structure in the optical part of the artificial eye lens, which is, in particular, formed integrally. An amplitude grating is an absorbing grating. An amplitude grating is designed to modulate the amplitude of the incident light wave. An amplitude grating is an optical grating that partially absorbs incident light.

[0026] An amplitude grating can be designed as a transmission grating or as a reflection grating. By designing such a specific optical grating as a laser structure, it can be manufactured with extreme precision, while also being able to be generated locally in a very defined manner at different points on the optical part. The specific design of such an amplitude grating can suppress unwanted diffraction orders of the artificial eye lens. This also enables, in particular, the contrast improvement of the optical system. In particular, by designing a diffractive grating structure as an amplitude grating, which is designed as a laser structure, it is also possible to at least significantly reduce halos and glares in a particularly advantageous manner. Undesired glare and reflection effects, which occur due to these specific, optically disruptive effects, can thus be significantly reduced.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating is formed as a microperforation in the optical part. This is a particularly advantageous embodiment when such a specific optical grating is produced as a laser structure. If an amplitude grating is designed using microperforation, this enables a highly precise configuration of the individual structural regions of this amplitude grating. This achieves the optical effect of the amplitude grating in a particularly advantageous manner. On the other hand, such a configuration achieves a very sharp contour design of the contour regions of the amplitude grating, so that, especially at the edge regions of the amplitude grating, regions of the optical part no longer belonging to the amplitude grating are not undesirably impaired, and their optical imaging properties are therefore not undesirably distorted.It is precisely the micro-perforation design that allows very finely tuned differences to be created in the structural areas of the amplitude grating, so that very individual optical imaging properties of the amplitude grating can be created in itself.

[0028] By designing the amplitude grating as a microperforation, the amplitude grating can also be particularly advantageously embedded within the optical part. With such an advantageous design, the amplitude grating is thus located entirely within the optical part and therefore does not appear as a surface structure. This design means that the amplitude grating, even in isolation, is completely surrounded by the material of the optical part and is first formed by polymerization of the material of the optical part under the influence of laser radiation. This internal and thus embedded design of the amplitude grating enables the aforementioned advantages to a particularly high degree and, moreover, also creates the situation where the amplitude grating is protected from unwanted mechanical influences.Especially during the production of the artificial eye lens and during further storage before implantation of the artificial eye lens, no direct mechanical effects can occur on this amplitude grid and thus no damage to this amplitude grid can be caused.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating has a first grating region formed with a first perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation and / or with a first dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation. The amplitude grating has, in particular, a second grating region formed with a second perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation that differs from the first perforation density of perforation zones and / or with a second dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation that differs from the first dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation. This allows the creation of highly precise and thus optically highly functional amplitude grating regions, which can also be designed to be relatively small and / or individually shaped to a specific shape.This allows the amplitude grating to be designed with different attenuation levels or gray values, thus providing completely individual absorption values ​​for the incident light. The aforementioned undesirable optical diffraction and reflection effects can thus be further reduced.

[0030] In particular, it is also possible to design a layer and / or a number of opaque grating areas of the amplitude grating depending on these parameters, namely the perforation density of the perforation zone of the microperforation and / or the dimensions of the perforation zones of the microperforation. The dimensions of a perforation zone can be an internal dimension and / or a depth. Depending on the shape of such a perforation zone, which can be bubble-shaped, individual designs of the amplitude grating can be realized.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that at least one perforation zone of the microperforation is at least partially filled with a dye. By adding additional material in this way, the amplitude grating can be further improved and realized with different and more finely graded degrees of attenuation or gray values. The variability and flexibility of the grating structure is also increased. Last but not least, a particularly high precision of the grating structures in the micrometer range can be achieved. Using specific absorbing dyes, the optical functionality of the amplitude grating can be individually influenced. Thus, individual perforation zones can be filled, at least partially, with this dye and / or different dyes that absorb differently.The primary functionality of an amplitude grating, namely individual absorption behavior in different areas, can be customized in a highly variable and extremely flexible manner. This is made possible in particular by designing the amplitude grating as a laser structure, as different perforation zone densities and sizes of the perforation zones can be designed very precisely and thus with precise positioning and shape. The subsequent, optionally individual filling with one or more dyes that exhibit individual absorption behavior also enables the creation of particularly diverse and finely tuned absorption behaviors of an amplitude grating.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, the dye is polymerized in at least one perforation zone. This improves the dye's long-term stability. Polymerization can be achieved, for example, by UV (ultraviolet) light or by multiphoton polymerization with laser light.

[0033] In particular, a layer and / or a number of opaque grating regions of the amplitude grating are formed depending on the type of dye and / or depending on the amount of dye and / or depending on the number of perforation zones at least partially filled with dye and / or depending on the position of the perforation zones at least partially filled with dye. The high variability and degree of customization of a producible amplitude grating already outlined above are thereby significantly increased. This is made possible in particular by the design of the amplitude grating as a laser structure, since the advantages already extensively outlined above regarding the fundamental production of such an amplitude grating as well as its positional accuracy and high optical functionality are only achieved with a laser.

[0034] In an advantageous embodiment, the amplitude grating comprises grating rings as grating regions, at least in some areas surrounding a main optical axis of the optical part. Structuring the amplitude grating in this way allows the creation of specifically absorbing ring zones, which then also have a preferably geometrically symmetrical configuration around the main optical axis and exhibit a uniform effect with respect to the optical properties in this azimuthal direction.

[0035] In particular, the amplitude grating is completely internal to the optical part. This means that it is completely surrounded by the material of the optical part and is therefore not externally and thus exposed on the optical sides of the optical part. The advantages achieved in this way have already been mentioned above.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, an optical grating structure separate from the amplitude grating is formed on at least one side of the optical part. Two separate optical grating structures can improve the optical imaging properties and, in particular, suppress disruptive optical effects even more effectively. In particular, different optical interference effects can be suppressed more effectively in this case.

[0037] In particular, the additional separate optical grating structure is a phase grating. Phase gratings are optical diffraction gratings that influence the phase of the incoming light wave. In contrast to an amplitude grating, which is an absorbing optical grating, a phase grating is a wave-conversion grating that transforms the wavefront of the incoming light source. A phase grating can also be designed as a transmission grating or a reflection grating. Especially in combination with an amplitude grating, the optical imaging properties can be improved, and the aforementioned disruptive diffraction or reflection effects can be reduced. In particular, various disruptive diffraction and reflection effects, such as the halos and glares mentioned above, can be significantly reduced, and these can be significantly reduced by the amplitude grating.

[0038] In a further advantageous embodiment, this phase grating is achromatized for at least two wavelengths. This maximizes the diffraction efficiency for certain diffraction orders. To this end, as much intensity as possible is concentrated in specific desired diffraction orders, while minimizing the intensity in the remaining diffraction orders, for example, including the zeroth diffraction order. This advantageous embodiment achieves a specific refractive index modification in specific grating regions of this phase grating in order to achieve this achromatization for at least two wavelengths. This refractive index modification is generated using a laser, in particular an ultrashort pulse laser. Achromatization makes the phase difference of the interfering waves independent of the wavelength. In the aforementioned advantageous embodiment, this occurs for at least two different wavelengths.

[0039] The phase grating mentioned above can, for example, be a blaze grating.

[0040] It can be provided that at least one optical side of the optical part, as mentioned above, is spherical or aspherical. A toric configuration and thus a toric surface profile can be formed on at least one of these optical sides. Other optical surface profiles can also be formed on such an optical side of the optical part. For example, annular zones can be formed here, which can be part of another diffractive element. These annular zones are then formed on this optical side and are thus external and thus exposed optical structural elements.

[0041] In particular, the optical part of the artificial eye lens is processed using an ultrashort pulse laser of a laser device in such a way that the amplitude grating and, if appropriate, at least one additional optical grating are generated. In particular, the parameters of the laser device are adjusted so that laser disruption occurs in the transparent plastic of the optical part of the artificial eye lens at the focal point of the laser beam just above the threshold value. Increasing the intensity of the laser beam creates larger volumes of damage in this plastic. The laser disruptions, which usually appear as blistering in the plastic, can occur in a single shot with sufficient energy, for example, in the microjoule range, or can be generated with a low energy density in the nanojoule range using a high repetition rate in the kilohertz to megahertz range.

[0042] In an advantageous embodiment, it can also be provided that the artificial eye lens has a further optical grating structure which is designed as a holographic grating. It can be provided that, in an advantageous embodiment, this grating structure has a first holographic grating and a second holographic grating. In particular, a moiré structure can be generated by these two holographic gratings. Preferably, a distance measured in the direction of the main optical axis between the two holographic gratings is smaller than the distance measured in the direction of the main optical axis between the first optical side and the second optical side. In particular, at least one holographic grating is formed in the optical part of the artificial eye lens, lying completely inside between the optical sides of the optical part.

[0043] It can be provided that at least one coating is applied to the first optical side or to the second optical side of the optical part, and at least one holographic grating is formed in this coating. The optical part can have at least one laminated region, and at least one holographic grating is formed in this laminated region.

[0044] In particular, this holographic grating is also designed as a laser structure in the optical part.

[0045] By such a specific design of a grating structure, in particular with at least two different, separate holographic gratings, which are specifically superimposed, an individual refractive power of the eye lens can be generated. In order to generate this optically active grating structure, preferably a moiré structure, within the coherence length of the light, at least two such diffractive structures in the form of holographic gratings are generated as a laser structure using a laser, in particular within correspondingly adjacent layers of an optical part of the eye lens. This can generate both a positive and a negative change in the refractive index in the plastic.

[0046] The artificial eye lens is, in particular, a multifocal, or at least a trifocal, artificial eye lens. The artificial eye lens is, in particular, an intraocular lens.

[0047] Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing a multifocal, artificial eye lens according to the above-mentioned aspects, in which an optically effective structure is produced with a laser device and a pulsed laser beam with a pulse length between 100 fs and 20 ps, ​​a wavelength between 320 mm and 1,100 mm, a pulse repetition rate between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, a focus diameter of less than 5 µm, in particular less than 2 µm, and a power density of greater than 10 6 W / cm 2 , and acts on the material of the artificial eye lens. The pulse length is preferably 300 fs, and the wavelength is preferably 1,060 nm, 532 nm, or 355 nm. Disruptive processing can preferably provide a wavelength of 256 nm, and preferably 213 nm, particularly for ablative processing.

[0048] Further features of the invention emerge from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, embodiments are to be regarded as encompassed and disclosed by the invention that are not explicitly shown and explained in the figures, but which emerge and can be produced by separate combinations of features from the explained embodiments. Embodiments and combinations of features are also to be regarded as disclosed that therefore do not have all the features of an originally formulated independent claim.Furthermore, embodiments and combinations of features are to be regarded as disclosed, in particular by the embodiments set out above, which go beyond or deviate from the combinations of features set out in the reliances of the claims.

[0049] The concrete values ​​of parameters and information on ratios of parameters or parameter values ​​for defining exemplary embodiments of the eye lens stated in the documents are to be considered as being included in the scope of the invention, even in the case of deviations, for example due to measurement errors, system errors, DIN tolerances, etc., which also includes explanations that refer to essentially corresponding values ​​and information. Short description of the drawings

[0050] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings. They show: Fig. 1a a perspective schematic and simplified representation of a first embodiment of an artificial eye lens according to the invention; Fig. 1b a perspective schematic and simplified representation of another embodiment of an artificial eye lens according to the invention; Fig. 2 a plan view of an embodiment of an optical part of an artificial eye lens with a specific birefringent structure; Fig. 3 a plan view of an embodiment of an optical part of an artificial eye lens with an additional specific first amplitude grating; Fig. 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of an optical part of an artificial eye lens with an additional specific second amplitude grating; Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an artificial eye lens with an additional phase grating in the optical part; and Fig. 6 a simplified representation of a laser device for producing an artificial eye lens. Preferred embodiments of the invention

[0051] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0052] In Fig. Figure 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an artificial eye lens 1, which in this case is an intraocular lens. The artificial eye lens 1, referred to below as the eye lens 1, has an optical part 2 and an adjoining haptic 3. The eye lens 1 is multifocal, in particular trifocal. The eye lens 1 is foldable and can be inserted into an eye through a small incision. The optical part 2, which is essential for the optical imaging properties of the eye lens 1, comprises a main optical axis A. Viewed in the direction of this main optical axis A, the optical part 2 further has a first optical surface or optical side 4, which can be a front side, and opposite it has a second optical surface or optical side 5, which can be a back side.In the implanted state of the eye lens 1 in the eye, the front side faces the cornea, whereas the back side faces away from this cornea.

[0053] In Fig. Figure 1b shows a perspective view of another embodiment of an artificial eye lens 1 designed as an intraocular lens. It differs from the embodiment in Fig. 1a by the different haptics 3. By means of the haptics 3 the eye lens 1 is held in the eye.

[0054] In the embodiments, the optical sides 4 and 5 are unevenly curved, in particular convexly curved. A diffractive profile is formed on this convex basic shape on at least one optical side 4, 5.

[0055] In principle, haptics 3 of other shapes and designs can also be provided.

[0056] In Fig. Figure 2 shows a simplified and schematic plan view of the one-piece optical part 2 of an artificial eye lens 1. The optical part 2 is thus manufactured as a single part, and in particular is therefore not permanently assembled from several individual parts in a non-destructive manner. A birefringent structure 2a is formed in particular inside the optical part 2 and thus completely embedded in the material of the optical part 2 or surrounded by this material. The birefringent structure 2a is formed as a laser structure. This design, in particular, makes it possible to create such a structure inside the optical part 2, in particular only after the one-piece molding of the base body of the optical part 2 has been completed.Furthermore, the design as a laser structure fundamentally enables a specific shape precision of the entire birefringent structure 2a and structural elements, here the lines 2b, with high precision and with individual, even minimal spacing, as well as, to a special degree, with consistent straightness and parallelism. The optical functionality of the birefringent structure 2a is particularly high due to the design as a laser structure. The birefringent structure 2a is, in particular, a linear birefringent structure. The birefringent structure 2a has, in particular, a plurality of lines 2b that are parallel and spaced from one another.

[0057] The birefringent structure 2a is in the Fig. 2, it is formed on the entire surface of the optical part 2. It can also be formed only in a reduced surface area. The surface area can then have a variety of surface shapes and thus also have any desired free-form surface.

[0058] In Fig. 3 shows a simplified representation of a further exemplary embodiment in which the optical part 2 is shown with a view of the optical side 4. The eye lens 1 could additionally or instead also be designed accordingly with a view of the optical side 5. In the exemplary embodiment, in particular in addition to the birefringent structure 2a, preferably in the interior of the optical part 2, which is preferably disc-shaped, at least one diffractive grating or at least one diffractive grating structure is formed, which here is in particular an amplitude grating 6. The amplitude grating 6 is designed as a laser structure. The amplitude grating 6 is in particular arranged entirely within the optical part 2 and generated by a laser. The amplitude grating 6 is therefore completely surrounded by the remaining material of the optical part 2 and thus completely enclosed by this material.

[0059] The optical part 2 is one-piece and thus formed from a single part.

[0060] In particular, the amplitude grating 6 can also be formed as a microperforation 7 in the optical part 2.

[0061] The amplitude grating 6 has a first grating region 8, which is formed with a first perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 and / or with a first dimensioning of perforation zones of this microperforation 7. The amplitude grating 6 preferably has a separate second grating region 9, which is formed with a second perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 that differs from the first perforation density of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 and / or with a second dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation 7 that differs from the first dimensioning of perforation zones of the microperforation 7.In particular, it is provided that the amplitude grating 6 can also have at least one third grating region 10 which is formed with a third perforation density of perforation zones and / or dimensioning of perforation zones of the micro-perforation 7 that is different from the first and second perforation density of perforation zones of the micro-perforation 7 and / or with a third perforation density of perforation zones and / or dimensioning of perforation zones of the micro-perforation 7 that is different from the first and second dimensioning of perforation zones of the micro-perforation 7.

[0062] It can be provided that at least one grating region 8, 9, 10 is repeated in the radial direction relative to the main optical axis A, which is perpendicular to the plane of the figure. An alternating arrangement of at least two grating regions 8, 9, 10 in this radial direction relative to the main optical axis A can also be provided.

[0063] In the version shown according to Fig. 3, the individual perforation zones of the microperforation 7 are designed as ring zones, which in particular are formed completely circumferentially around the main optical axis A. A configuration can also be provided in which at least one grating region 8, 9, 10 is formed only partially circumferentially around the main optical axis A.

[0064] As can be seen, the radial thickness of a grating area 8, 9, 10 is also different.

[0065] In particular, it is provided that at least one dye is contained in at least one perforation zone, preferably in several perforation zones, of at least one grating region 8, 9, 10. The absorption behavior of the amplitude grating 6 can thus be adjusted differently.

[0066] It can be provided that the at least one absorbing dye is polymerized in at least one perforation zone.

[0067] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that on the optical side 4 and / or on the optical side 5 and thus externally, a further optical grating structure is formed as a separate grating structure from the amplitude grating 6. This further grating structure is designed as a separate optical grating and in particular as a phase grating 11. For the sake of clarity, this phase grating 11 is shown in Fig. 2 is not explicitly shown structurally, but merely indicated with a reference symbol.

[0068] For a possible embodiment of the phase grating 11, reference is made to the very simplified and schematic representation in Fig. 5. This shows a section of the optical part 2 and a very simplified sectional view through the optical part 2, with the main optical axis A lying in this sectional plane.

[0069] As an example, the phase grating 11 is shown here as a blaze grating. In particular, the optical side 4 and the optical side 5 are each uneven, in particular curved, whereby a spherical or aspherical curvature can be formed. In the greatly enlarged cross-sectional view in Fig. 5, the optical side 4 is not curved, but is shown in a simplified flat state.

[0070] In Fig. 5 shows an example in which the phase grating 11 is formed on the optical side 4. This phase grating 11 is also designed as a laser structure and produced with the laser device explained below. The phase grating 11 has a plurality of grating regions 12, 13, 14, and 15. The number and individual shape of the grating regions 12 to 15 are to be understood merely as examples and schematically, and not exhaustively. The grating regions 12 to 15 are formed as stepped zones relative to one another. It is preferably provided that the phase grating 11 is achromatized for at least two wavelengths.

[0071] In particular, it is provided that the grating region 12 has a first partial region 12a and a second partial region 12b. The two partial regions 12a and 12b have different refractive indices. This is produced by the action of a laser beam on the material of the optical part 2. In principle, the phase grating 11 is advantageously made of the same material as the optical part 2. Under the action of a laser beam, in particular the outermost partial region 12b is influenced in such a way that the refractive index changes, wherein this laser beam produces a change in the material configuration, resulting in the change in the refractive index. The partial region 12a, on the other hand, has in particular the unchanged refractive index corresponding to the material of the optical part 2. As in the embodiment in FIG. 1, which is also not to be understood as limiting, Fig. As can be seen in Figure 5, the outer subregion 12b, whose refractive index is altered by the action of the laser beam, is triangular in this cross-sectional view. Viewed from a zone tip 12c, it widens toward the adjacent second grating region 13 and, in particular, exhibits its greatest widening at the preferably formed junction with the adjacent grating region 13.

[0072] In particular, a corresponding design is also provided for at least one further grating area 13 to 15, as is also shown in Fig. 5 is indicated.

[0073] In Fig. 4 shows a simplified representation of the optical part 2 of a further embodiment of the artificial eye lens 1. In contrast to the representation according to Fig. 3, it is provided here that the design of the amplitude grating 6, which is additional to the birefringent structure 2a, is not formed with circumferential rings as grating regions 8, 9, 10, but that it is produced by a plurality of individual local regions which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction around the main optical axis A and are preferably equidistant from one another. Here, too, the individual local regions are each formed by a plurality of perforation zones which can also be filled, in particular, with one or more dyes, at least in regions. As can be seen here, the grating region 8 has a plurality of local regions which, in an individual design, are designed differently from local regions of the grating region 10 which is located further inside, for example. In particular, it can also be provided that a grating region, here the grating region 9, corresponds to the design in Fig. 3. Likewise, a further alternative can be designed such that, for example, the grid area 8 is correspondingly Fig. 3 and only the grid area 10 as shown in Fig. 4. It can also be provided that the grid area 10 is designed according to the design in Fig. 3 is realized and only the grid area 8 according to the design in Fig. 4. It can also be provided that the grid area 9 is designed to be interrupted in individual local areas, as is the case with the embodiments in Fig. 4 is intended for grid areas 8 and 10.

[0074] In addition to the amplitude grating 6 and in addition to or instead of the phase grating 11 which may be present, a further optically effective grating structure 16 ( Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) on or in the optical part 2. This further separate optical grating structure 16 has at least one holographic grating. This further optical grating structure 16 is preferably designed as a laser structure and in particular with the laser device as described below. Fig. 6 is explained.

[0075] This optical structure 16 preferably has two separate holographic gratings, a first holographic grating and a second holographic grating. Preferably, a distance between the two holographic gratings, measured in the direction of the main optical axis A, is smaller than the distance between the first optical side 4 and the second optical side 5, measured in the direction of the main optical axis A. In an advantageous embodiment, the at least two holographic gratings are superimposed and, in particular, superimposed in such a way that a moiré structure is formed. In particular, this optical structure 16 is designed as a central circular zone around the main optical axis A of the optical part 2.

[0076] In Fig.6 shows a schematic representation of a laser device 17 designed to produce a multifocal, artificial eye lens 1. In particular, this laser device 17 enables the generation of the amplitude grating 6 and / or the phase grating 11 and / or the at least one further optical grating structure 16. The laser device 17 has at least one laser 18, which is an ultrashort pulse laser. This laser device 17 has a scanner 19, which is in particular three-dimensionally adjustable, by means of which a pulsed laser beam of the laser 18 can be adjusted. Furthermore, the laser device 17 has a focusing optics 20, which is arranged downstream of the scanner 19 in the beam path.The laser device 17 further comprises a holder 21 onto which the artificial eye lens 1 is applied, in order to then allow the desired structuring to take place using the laser beam 22 focused by the focusing optics 20. The pulsed laser beam 22 with its laser pulses is generated, in particular, with a pulse length between 100 fs and 20 ps, ​​in particular a wavelength between 200 nm and 1,100 nm, in particular a pulse repetition rate between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, in particular a focus diameter of less than 5 µm, and in particular a power density of greater than 10. 8 W / cm 2generated. In particular, multiphoton absorption is enabled here. The focusing optics 20 can have a numerical aperture of greater than 0.1, preferably greater than 0.3, and in particular greater than 0.5. With the laser device 17, it is also possible to generate focus diameters of less than 5 µm, in particular less than 2 µm. A power density of the focused laser beam of greater than 10 10 W / cm 2 useful to achieve an optical breakthrough (photodisruption) of the polymer material of the artificial eye lens, for example, if no linear absorption of the polymer material supports this effect. To achieve only a non-linear interaction in the polymer material of the artificial eye lens 1, a power density of less than 10 10 W / cm 2This does not lead to photodisruption, but can alter optical and / or mechanical, or associated hygroscopic, material properties. To ensure high processing efficiency of the artificial eye lens, a repetition rate of the ultrashort laser pulses of laser beam 22 in the range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz is advantageous. Pulse energies in the sub-µJ range are used. Particularly at a repetition rate greater than 1 MHz, a pulse energy of less than 1 µJ is also provided due to cumulative interaction effects.

Claims

[1] Artificial eye lens (1) with an optical part (2) having a first optical side (4) viewed in the direction of a principal optical axis (A) of the eye lens (1) and an opposite second optical side (5), wherein the optical part (2) is formed with a birefringent structure (2a), characterized by , that the birefringent structure (2a) in the one-piece optical part (2) is designed as a laser structure. [2] Artificial eye lens (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the optical part (2) is made of an isotropic material. [3] Artificial eye lens (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the birefringent structure (2a) is a linear structure. [4] Artificial eye lens (1) according to claim 3, characterized by , that the birefringent structure (2a) has straight lines (2b). [5] Artificial eye lens (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the optical part (2) has at least one further diffractive grating structure separate from the birefringent structure (2a) as a laser structure. [6] Artificial eye lens (1) according to claim 5, characterized by , that the diffractive lattice structure has an amplitude lattice (6). [7] Artificial eye lens (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by , that the diffractive lattice structure has a phase lattice (11). [8] Artificial eye lens (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterized by , that the diffractive lattice structure has at least one holographic lattice (16). [9] Method for producing an artificial eye lens (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the birefringent structure (2a) is produced with a laser device (17), and a pulsed laser beam with a pulse length between 100 fs and 20 ps, ​​a wavelength between 320 nm and 1100 nm, a pulse repetition rate between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, a focus diameter of less than 5 µm and a power density of greater than 10 6 W / cm 2 is generated and acts on the optical part (2).

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