The invention discloses a theme data-based scenario description method and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of determining a simulation target, and framing a simulation theme; analyzing simulation problems, collecting information, extracting various element information, and classifying the element information according to basic information, owner/drill grouping information, resource information and entity information; describing a scenario element through a theme, the theme comprises a theme name and theme data, describing examples of various elements by utilizing the theme data, and storing the theme data in the form of an xml node. A structure template and formal abstraction are combined, conversion between different data sources is supported, existing data can be conveniently converted into simulation scenario data needed by other systems, the method has the advantage of being clear in structure, a computer can be easily used for achieving cutting and retrieval of simulation scenarios, storage, reuse and edition are convenient, and the invention is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Ideal description can be completed through cooperation of multiple parties, and the invention has the advantage of being expandable.