Residue monitoring

Abstract

Residue management system for an agricultural harvesting machine, wherein the agricultural harvesting machine comprises a chopper with a knife arrangement for shredding crop residues, wherein the residue management system comprises: a sensor arrangement associated with one or more components of the chopper, wherein the sensor arrangement comprises a plurality of sensors arranged on a stationary knife arrangement of the chopper's knife arrangement to measure indicators of a mass throughput of crop residues through the chopper over a width of a stream of crop residues, based on a measurement of forces of the crop residues acting on the stationary knife arrangement.

Description

background

[0001] The need for greater productivity in agricultural harvesting has led to relatively wide headers for agricultural harvesting machines, including grain platforms and corn headers. This concentrates relatively large quantities of crop for processing in the harvesters, which includes a corresponding concentration of crop residues (sometimes referred to as material other than grain (MOG)).

[0002] For various reasons, it can be beneficial to distribute crop residues relatively evenly across a field during harvesting. Appropriate residue management can, for example, help maintain soil productivity through nutrient cycling and erosion prevention. However, the relatively large area that can be covered with crop material in a single pass can pose a challenge when it comes to achieving a suitably even distribution of residues from harvesting machines back onto the field. This can be particularly true in some applications where relatively large, characteristic-sized residues are desired.

[0003] US Patent 3 350 017 A describes a straw chopper and spreader in which the chopper part can be positioned relative to the rotor to adapt to the crop being harvested, and the spreader part is removable and reversible to complement the position of the chopper part.

[0004] A combine harvester comprising a separating device, a straw chopper, and a control unit for an engine is described in DE 102 15 026 A1. The straw chopper is associated with a straw guide device, adjustable by the engine, which is arranged between the separating device and the straw chopper. The control unit is connected to a sensor designed to detect the lateral distribution of the crop, specifically to detect the crop upstream of the discharge outlet.

[0005] German patent DE 10 2013 102 317 A1 describes a combine harvester comprising a receiving device for harvested crops and a threshing unit with two threshing drums, to which the harvested crop taken up by the receiving device is fed. At least one measuring bar extending across the width of the threshing unit is positioned upstream and / or downstream of the first of the two threshing drums, and this bar has several sensors for detecting the distribution of harvested crops across the width of the threshing unit. Summary

[0006] Some embodiments of the invention provide a residue management system for an agricultural harvesting machine comprising a chopper with a measuring arrangement for shredding crop residues. A sensor arrangement can be connected to one or more components of the chopper. The sensor arrangement can be configured to measure indicators of the mass throughput of the crop residues through the chopper based on a measurement of the forces acting on the blade arrangement across a width of a stream of crop residues.

[0007] Some embodiments of the invention provide an agricultural harvesting machine comprising a header configured to introduce crop material, a residue processing system configured to process crop residues separated from the introduced crop material, and a residue management system. The residue management system may include a sensor array connected to one or more components of the residue processing system. The sensor array may be configured to measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues through the residue processing system and may comprise a plurality of sensors distributed across the width of the residue processing system to measure indicators of mass throughput at various locations across the width of the residue processing system.

[0008] Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for managing crop residues for an agricultural harvesting machine, employing one or more processing units. Mass throughput indicators of the crop residues through a chopper can be measured using a sensor arrangement. The distribution of the crop residues within the chopper and / or the total mass throughput of the crop residues through the chopper can be determined based on these mass throughput indicators. Description of the drawings Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic view of a residue management system installed in a combine harvester according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic partial view of the residue management system and a shredding unit of the combine harvester. Fig. 1; Fig. Figure 3 is an isometric view of a sensor arrangement on a stationary cutter bar of a harvesting machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. Figure 4 is an isometric view of the sensor arrangement and the stationary cutter bar. Fig. 3, which are installed in a shredder according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 is an isometric view of an impact sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. Figure 6 is an isometric view of the impact sensor arrangement installed in a chopper of a harvesting machine. Fig. 5 according to one embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 shows isometric views of a shredder / chopper of a harvesting machine with a strain sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention; and Fig. Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a method for managing crop residues according to an embodiment of the invention. Detailed description

[0009] The following discussion is intended to enable a person skilled in the field to manufacture and use embodiments of the invention. Various modifications of the illustrated embodiments are readily apparent to those skilled in the field, and the general principles stated herein can be applied to other embodiments and applications without deviating from the embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention should not be limited to those illustrated, but rather should be allowed the broadest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. The following detailed description should be read with reference to the figures, in which identical elements in different figures have the same reference numerals.The figures, which are not necessarily to scale, represent selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the invention. Skilled craftsmen will recognize that the examples provided herein offer numerous suitable alternatives and fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.

[0010] It is further understood that the language and terminology used herein serve descriptive purposes and are not to be considered limiting. The use of "including," "comprehensive," or "with," and variations thereof, is intended to encompass the objects listed below and their equivalents, as well as additional objects. Unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "fastened," "connected," "held," and "coupled," and variations thereof, are used broadly and include both direct and indirect fastenings, connections, supports, and couplings. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified or limited, "connected" and "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.

[0011] Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as systems and / or methods that include computer-implemented procedures. Some embodiments of the invention may include (or utilize) a device consistent with the following discussion, such as a specialized or general-purpose computer with various computer hardware, software, firmware, etc.

[0012] In some implementations, aspects of the invention, which include computer-based implementations of methods according to the invention, can be implemented as a system, method, device, or article using standard programming and / or engineering techniques for producing software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof for controlling a computer- or processor-based device for implementing aspects discussed in detail herein. Unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "article" as used herein shall include a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier (e.g., non-volatile signals), or medium (e.g., non-volatile media). Computer-readable media may include, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., a drive, a floppy disk, a magnetic stripe, etc.), optical discs (e.g.,These include CDs, DVDs, etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., a card, a USB stick). It is also noted that a carrier wave can be used to transport computer-readable electronic data, such as that used when sending and receiving emails or accessing a network, such as the internet or a local area network (LAN). Experts in the field will recognize that numerous modifications can be made to these embodiments without altering the scope or concept of the claimed subject matter.

[0013] In the context of a computer-based implementation of the embodiments of the invention, the terms "component," "system," "module," and the like, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall refer to aspects of a computer-related system, which may include hardware, software, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. A component or module of a computer-based implementation may, for example, be a processor device, a process running on a processor device, a programming object, an executable file, an execution stream, a program, and / or a computer. For example, both an application running on a computer and the computer itself may be a component or module.In some implementations, one or more components, systems, or modules may be located in a process and / or execution stream, confined to a single computer, distributed across two or more computers or processors, and / or contained within another component, system, or module.

[0014] Some embodiments of the invention may include methods with multiple operations. Unless otherwise specified or limited (i.e., unless essential), the sequences of operations set forth herein for certain embodiments are intended only as examples.

[0015] As mentioned above, it can be advantageous to distribute crop residues from harvesting machines with a suitable degree of uniformity. Some conventional residue management approaches allow for precise control of harvesting machine operating parameters, even during active operation. For example, operators can adjust residue distribution systems to account for environmental factors such as wind speed and direction, sloping terrain, and so on. However, conventional systems may lack accurate information regarding the actual distribution of crop residues within the relevant harvesting machine, which could provide meaningful guidance for system adjustments. Among other advantages, the embodiments of the invention can expediently perform monitoring and other tasks to address this problem.

[0016] In some embodiments, for example, systems or methods according to the invention can expediently determine the spatial distribution of crop residues (e.g., left-right distribution) in a relevant harvesting machine. This spatial distribution can then be used, if necessary, to more effectively monitor and control the scattering of residues from a harvesting machine onto a field. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention can, for example, help to support an improved spatial distribution of crop residues on a field and thereby help to ensure suitably uniform coverage and protection of the soil surface.

[0017] As discussed above, embodiments of the invention may include a sensor arrangement configured to measure indicators of a crop residue mass flow rate within a harvesting machine. For example, one or more load, torque, or strain sensors may be connected to a component (e.g., a shredder) of a harvesting machine's residue processing system to measure a load, torque, or strain as an indicator of the mass throughput of crop residue through the shredder. Based on the measured indicators, a processor may then determine a lateral distribution of crop residue in the residue management system, a main or local mass flow rate of crop residue in the shredder, or other related measurements.

[0018] Other embodiments of the invention can be implemented with respect to other types of harvesting machines. Fig. Figure 1 shows, for example, a crop residue management system 20 installed for use with a combine harvester 22 according to one embodiment of the invention. Generally, a header 24 of the combine harvester 22 can bring crop from a field and guide it into the body of the combine harvester 22 for processing. This allows the crop to be separated into a retained portion (e.g., grain) and crop residues (e.g., MOG). The crop residues are conveyed by an internal mechanism of the combine harvester 22 to a residue management system comprising a chopper 26, which is generally configured to cut the crop residues into pieces with a suitable size distribution.

[0019] Using a variety of sensors, such as load sensors, torque sensors, strain sensors, impact sensors, etc., the crop residue management system 20 can measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residue passing through the chopper 26. Advantageously, in some embodiments, the crop residue management system 20 can measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residue at several discrete or continuous points across a width (e.g., a full width) of the crop residue mass flow. In this way, for example, the distribution of crop residue over a relevant area can be determined, and adjustments can be made to other residue distribution systems if necessary.

[0020] In other embodiments, choppers and other components of crop residue management systems can be designed in a variety of ways. In the combine harvester 22, the chopper 26 is, as also in Fig. Figure 2 shows a rotary flail chopper with a rotating knife assembly 28, which is configured as a chopper rotor with a rotating arrangement of knives 32. Accordingly, a stationary knife assembly 30 is configured as a stationary bar of knives that interlock with the knives of the chopper rotor. Rotation of the knives 32 of the chopper rotor past the knives of the stationary knife assembly 30 can thus cause the crop residues to be cut into suitable sizes (e.g., sliced, crushed, bent, broken, etc.). Furthermore, the movement of the chopper rotor or other components can propel the crop residues backwards so that they are dispersed across a field by a residue distribution system of the combine harvester 22.

[0021] In some embodiments, the stationary knife assembly 30 can be retracted from the crop residue stream, which may be advantageous for field crops such as corn or in other contexts. In some embodiments, the stationary knife assembly 30 can be adjusted to any number of positions relative to the rotating knife assembly 28 or other components. For example, the stationary knife assembly 30 can be adjusted so that it protrudes into the path of the knives 32 of the rotating knife assembly 28 to a desired degree, between a maximum and a minimum extension position.

[0022] Certain details of the crop residue management system 20 are in Fig. Figure 2 shows the specific configuration of the chopper 26. In other embodiments, the crop residue management system 20 or another similar system can be used together with choppers or harvesting machines of different configurations.

[0023] At the in Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the residue management system comprises a sensor arrangement 40, which is generally configured to detect indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues passing through the chopper 26. In other embodiments, a sensor arrangement may be configured to detect other types of indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues. In some embodiments, the sensor arrangement 40 may be configured to measure forces acting on the stationary knife assembly 30 or on a section of a housing 42 of the chopper 26. As also discussed below, for example, loads acting on the knives of the stationary knife assembly 30, impacts on plates of the housing 42, or strain or deformation of the housing 42 may be measured as indicators of the mass throughput of the crop residue stream.

[0024] In some embodiments, a sensor arrangement 40a, which may resemble or be part of the sensor arrangement 40, may be configured to measure indicators of a mass flow of crop residues across the rotating knife arrangement 28. As also discussed below, for example, loads or impacts acting on knives of the stationary knife arrangement 30, a torque or other load acting on sections of the rotor of the rotating knife arrangement 28, or a strain or deformation of other components of the rotating knife arrangement 28 may be measured as indicators of a mass throughput of the crop residue stream.

[0025] In some embodiments, indicators of the mass flow of crop residues across the width (e.g., full width) of the chopper 26 or other system can be measured at multiple locations. For example, the sensor arrangement 40 or the sensor arrangement 40a can be configured to measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues at one or more central locations, one or more locations on the right side, and one or more locations on the left side with respect to the chopper 26. This can be useful, for example, to help determine the relative scale of the mass throughput of crop residues passing through different parts of the chopper 26.Furthermore, in some embodiments, measurements of the mass throughput of crop residues carried out at several points in a chopper can be combined to provide an estimate of the total mass flow of crop residues through the chopper.

[0026] In some embodiments, an electronic processing unit can be used to analyze data collected by a relevant sensor array. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, for example, a processor 44 with an associated memory 46 can be configured to communicate with the sensor array 40 (or other sensor arrays). In this way, the processor 44 can, for example, receive signals from the sensor array 40 (or others) corresponding to the measured indicators and perform suitable calculations based on the received signals (e.g., based on previously calibrated correlations) to determine the mass throughput of the crop residues.

[0027] In some embodiments, the processor unit 44 can be contained within the combine harvester 22, and communication between sensor arrangements and the processor unit 44, as well as between the sensor arrangements and the processor unit 44 and various other devices, can be wired or wireless. Wireless communication can be advantageous, for example, in onboard configurations of the processor unit 44, to generally increase reliability and also to simplify the communication architecture in configurations where a sensor arrangement is mounted on a rotating component, such as the rotating blade arrangement 28. In some embodiments, the processor unit 44 can be located remotely from the combine harvester 22, and communication with the processor unit 44 can be at least partially wireless.

[0028] In some embodiments, the memory 46 can be used to store data relevant for analyzing signals from the sensor arrangement 40 or for analyzing other relevant data, which can be entered, for example, via an external user interface. In some cases, for example, information relating to the type of crop being harvested, the expected (or actual) moisture content of the crop, operating conditions of the combine harvester 22, environmental conditions, or other factors can be used to correlate measurements of impact forces, strains, torques, cutting loads, etc., with actual mass flow rates of the relevant crop residue stream.In this context, it can sometimes be useful to store, for example, lookup tables or other data structures for use in combination with signals from the sensor array 40 in memory 46 to improve the accuracy with which the mass throughput of crop residue mass flows can be determined. In some implementations, other relevant factors may include, for example, the number of knives installed in a stationary or rotating knife array, the operating hours of a knife set or other components, calibration data of various components, etc.

[0029] In other embodiments, a processor unit can be configured to determine the distribution of crop residues over a relevant width of a chopper in various ways. In some embodiments, the processor unit 44 can be configured to determine a relative distribution of a crop residue flow based on the relative scale (e.g., strength) of the signals received by the sensor arrangement 40. In some embodiments, as also mentioned above, the measurements represented by the signals can be converted into scalar values ​​(e.g., absolute values) of the crop residue mass flow rate. In some embodiments, scalar values ​​of a crop residue mass flow rate can be combined (e.g., added with a suitable weighting) to determine a total mass flow rate or mass throughput of crop residues over the entire relevant width of the chopper 26.

[0030] In some embodiments, the processor unit 44 can be configured to calculate an effective center of a crop residue mass flow based on the mass throughput indicators measured by the plurality of sensors within a relevant width. For example, the processor unit 44 can calculate a weighted mean of measured forces, strains, or other factors with respect to an origin position (e.g., a midpoint) along the relative width. The position of the weighted mean with respect to the origin can then be provided as a relative indicator of the equilibrium (or disequilibrium) or uniformity of the crop residue mass flow distribution over the relevant width.

[0031] Fig. 3 and Fig. Figure 4 shows a residue management system 60 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is also installed in a shredder 62 (see Fig. 4) In the illustrated embodiment, the shredder 62 resembles the shredder 26 (see Fig. 1) and has a stationary knife arrangement 64 and a rotating knife arrangement 66. Accordingly, the residue management system 60 can in some cases, for example, be combined with the combine harvester 22 (see Fig. 1) can be used with a similar combine harvester. Other configurations are possible with other designs.

[0032] In the illustrated embodiment, the full cutting width of a cutter bar of the stationary cutter assembly 64 is divided into three separate segments 68a, 68b, 68c. Each of the segments 68a, 68b, 68c comprises a subset of stationary cutter blades 78, is supported independently of a frame 70, and is rotatably connected to the frame 70 by a pivot beam assembly 72. Furthermore, a set of load cells 74a, 74b, 74c is attached to the frame 70, with the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c being aligned with each other and in operative contact with one of the respective segments 68a, 68b, 68c.

[0033] The load cells 74a, 74b, 74c are arranged in this manner to measure the shear force acting on the stationary knife blades 78 of the segments 68a, 68b, 68c. Accordingly, the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c can, when the stationary knife blades 78 are, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the blades are extended to contact a stream of crop residues and measure the effects of the shear force on segments 68a, 68b, and 68c as an indicator of the mass throughput of the crop residues past the stationary knife arrangement 64. The measured forces can then be further analyzed (e.g., as described above) to determine useful information regarding the crop residue mass throughput.

[0034] In the illustrated embodiment, the specific design of the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c can generally maximize the lever arm between a force acting on the stationary knife blades 78 and the measuring point of the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c. This can be advantageous, for example, to increase the force acting on the knife blades, which is measured by the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c, while simultaneously reducing the effects of vibrations on the relevant measurements. However, other configurations are possible in other embodiments.

[0035] Other variations are also possible. For example, a different number of load cells can be used with the same or a different number of segments of the stationary knife arrangement 64. Likewise, in some embodiments, a different type of sensor can be used to measure forces acting on the stationary knife arrangement 64.

[0036] In the illustrated embodiment, the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c and the segments 68a, 68b, 68c are configured to extend across the full lateral cutting width of the stationary knife assembly 64. This can be useful, for example, to provide measurements of crop residue mass flow rates across the entire working width of the stationary knife assembly 64, which can be helpful for accurately determining the distribution of the crop residue mass flow rate within the chopper 62 and the total mass flow of crop residue through it. In some embodiments, a larger or smaller number of sensors or segments can be used. In some embodiments, sensors do not necessarily need to be configured to detect loads across the full width of the stationary knife assembly 64.Sensors can, for example, be configured to measure loads acting on non-adjacent segment sets or segments that do not extend collectively to the outer side edges of the stationary knife arrangement 64.

[0037] As also mentioned above, in some embodiments a sensor arrangement may be configured to measure forces acting on a rotating knife arrangement. For example, load cells or other sensors, such as torque sensors 76a, 76b, 76c (see Fig. 4) between adjacent segments (not shown) of the rotating knife assembly 66. A mass throughput of crop residues through the chopper 62 can then be determined, for example, based on a measurement of a torque between the segments of the rotating knife assembly 66, which can be correlated with forces acting on the knives 58 of the rotating knife assembly 66. In some embodiments, this arrangement can be used instead of, or in combination with, an arrangement in which sensors are configured to measure forces acting on the stationary knife assembly 64, as also shown, for example, in Fig. 4 shown.

[0038] As a further example, in some embodiments, loads acting on the knives 58 of the rotating knife assembly 66 can be measured relatively directly. For instance, instrumented force-measuring bolts (not shown) can be used to attach one or more of the knives 58 of the rotating knife assembly 66 to the rotor. Other sensors can also be positioned similarly. The force-measuring bolts or other sensors can then be used to measure the shear force on the knives 58 during operation for processing crop residues.

[0039] In some embodiments, the analysis of signals from the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c, the torque sensors 76, or other sensors in a relevant sensor arrangement can be modulated based on environmental or other factors. As mentioned above, for example, a determination of the mass throughput of crop residues can be based in part on information relating to the type of crop, its moisture content, or other factors. Similarly, a determination of the mass throughput of crop residues can be based, for example, on how far the stationary knife arrangement 64 extends into the crop residue stream, on the dullness of the relevant knives (estimated, for example, based on the total operating time and the type of crop), or on other factors.

[0040] In some embodiments, other components may be included. For example, the load cells 74a, 74b, 74c, the torque sensors 76a, 76b, 76c, or other sensors (not shown) may be combined with one of the processor units 44 (see Fig. 2) are related to a similar processor setup.

[0041] Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows a crop residue management system 90 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is also installed in a forage harvester 92 (see Fig. 6) In the illustrated embodiment, the shredder 92 resembles the shredder 26 (see Fig. 1) and features a stationary knife arrangement (not shown) and a rotating knife arrangement 96. Accordingly, the residue management system 90 can, in some cases, for example, be combined with the combine harvester 22 (see Fig. 1) Similar combine harvesters can be used. Other configurations are possible with other designs.

[0042] In the illustrated embodiment, a set of impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c is supported independently of one another by a frame 100, each of which is rotatably connected to the frame 100 via a pivot beam arrangement 102. Furthermore, a set of impact sensors 104a, 104b, 104c is attached to the frame 100, each of which is aligned with the others and in operative contact with one of the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c.

[0043] In some embodiments, the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c can be supported in relation to the frame 100 in a different manner. For example, instead of or in addition to the connection via the pivot beam arrangement 102, the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c can be connected to the frame 100 (or another component) via a film or bending hinge or another arrangement.

[0044] In the illustrated embodiment, the impact sensors 104a, 104b, 104c are force transducers connected to the associated impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c by rigid force transmission bolts 106a, 106b, 106c. Other embodiments may have different configurations. In some embodiments, a force can be transmitted from the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c to the associated sensor via other connections. In some embodiments, a different type of sensor can be used. In some configurations, as schematically shown in Fig. Figure 6 shows, for example, that a spring 110 and a displacement measuring device 112 are connected to each of the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c, wherein the displacement measuring device 112, such as a potentiometer or pressure sensor, can be configured to measure a displacement of the springs 110 (or of the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c). In this way, for example, an impact force of the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c can be measured using known relationships between force and spring displacement.

[0045] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c are arranged downstream of the rotating knife assembly 96 along a housing 108 of the chopper 92. Since the rotating knife assembly 96 accelerates crop residues backwards in the relevant harvesting machine, different parts of the crop residues may tend to impact a specific deflector plate 98a, 98b, 98c at a particular point and with a force that may depend on the type of crop residues, their lateral position in the chopper 92, and the speed at which they exit the rotating knife assembly 96. Consequently, by appropriate calibration for specific crop types, operating characteristics and environmental factors, impact measurements by the impact sensors 104a, 104b, 104c can each be correlated with the mass throughput of crop residues over each of the impact plates 98a, 98b, 98c.

[0046] As also in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c can project at a slight angle into the closed housing of the chopper 92, which is generally defined by the casing 108. This can be useful, for example, to allow the deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c to shift upon impact with crop residue, thus enabling appropriate impact measurements without crop residue escaping through the casing 108 at the deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c. This can also be useful, for example, to enable reasonably accurate measurement of crop residue throughput without deflecting the crop residue to such an extent that it significantly and adversely affects the redistribution of crop residue by other components of the relevant harvesting machine.In some embodiments, an optimization analysis can be performed to determine a suitable angle of a set of baffle plates relative to a housing, in order to achieve adequate measurement accuracy from the associated sensors along with a suitably small adverse deflection of crop residues by the baffle plates. In some embodiments, the baffle plates must, unlike the one in . Fig. The example shown in point 6 does not necessarily have to protrude at an angle or otherwise into the closed casing of a shredder.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c extend substantially across the full lateral width of the chopper 92. This can be useful, for example, to provide measurements of crop residue mass flow rates through the entire chopper 92 in order to more accurately determine the uniformity of the throughput and the total mass flow of crop residue through the chopper 92. In some embodiments, a larger or smaller number of deflector plates may be used. In some embodiments, deflector plates need not necessarily extend across the full width of a chopper or other system. For example, a considerable distance may be provided between adjacent deflector plates or between deflector plates and the lateral boundaries of a relevant enclosure.

[0048] In some embodiments, one of the features in Fig. 5 and Fig. The similar deflector plate arrangement shown in Figure 6 may be located elsewhere in a relevant harvesting machine. For example, an arrangement similar to that shown for deflector plates 98a, 98b, 98c may be located at an inlet of a distribution side panel (not in Fig. 5 and Fig. (shown in section 6) or located elsewhere in a residue processing system of the harvester (which includes a header). Depending on the specific location, such an arrangement may still allow for the measurement of crop residue mass throughputs by a relevant chopper, although the arrangement does not necessarily have to be located within the chopper itself.

[0049] In some embodiments, the analysis of signals from the impact sensors 104a, 104b, 104c, or other sensors in a relevant impact detection arrangement can be modulated based on environmental or other factors. As mentioned above, for example, a determination of the mass throughput of crop residues can be based in part on information relating to the type of crop or its moisture content. Similarly, a determination of the mass throughput of crop residues can be based, for example, on how far a particular baffle plate protrudes into the crop residue stream, on the size or stiffness of the baffle plate or associated structures, or on other factors such as the chopper speed.

[0050] Some embodiments may include other components. For example, the impact sensors 104a, 104b, 104c or other sensors (not shown) may be combined with one of the processor units 44 (see Fig. 2) are related to a similar processor setup.

[0051] Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 shows a crop residue management system 120 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is installed in a chopper 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the chopper 122 resembles the chopper 26 (see Figure 8). Fig. 1) and features a stationary knife arrangement (not shown) and a rotating knife arrangement 126. Accordingly, the residue management system 90 can, in some cases, for example, be combined with the combine harvester 22 (see Fig. 1) Similar combine harvesters can be used. Other configurations are possible with other designs.

[0052] In the illustrated embodiment, a set of strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c is arranged downstream of the rotating knife assembly 126 along the width of a housing 130 of the chopper 122. Since the rotating knife assembly 126 accelerates crop residues backwards in the relevant harvesting machine, the crop residues may tend to impact the housing 130 closer to a specific strain gauge 128a, 128b, 128c. The crop residues can thus generate a counterforce in the housing 130 at a specific location and of a certain magnitude, which may depend on the type of crop residues, their lateral position in the chopper 122, and the speed at which they exit the rotating knife assembly 126.Consequently, by appropriate calibration for specific crop types, operating and construction characteristics as well as environmental factors, a measurement of a local strain or deformation of the housing 130 obtained by the strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c can be correlated with a local (or other) mass throughput of crop residues in the housing 130.

[0053] In the illustrated embodiment, the strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c are attached to the housing 130 via a precision-machined strain plate 132, which is installed in place of a section of the usual (e.g., original) sheet metal cladding of the housing 130. This can be advantageous, for example, to effectively isolate strain measurement areas from vibration noise or other interference noises originating from or transmitted through other sections of the housing 130. In some embodiments, however, the strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c can be attached directly to continuous sheet metal sections of the housing 130 or at another location within a residue processing system. In some embodiments, strain gauges can be attached to the rotating knife assembly 126, as shown by strain gauges 134a, 134b, 134c, to measure strain acting on the rotating knife assembly 126 during operation.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment, the strain plate 132 extends substantially across the full lateral width of the chopper 122. This can be useful, for example, to provide measurements of crop residue mass flow rates through the entire chopper 112, helping to accurately determine the distribution of crop residue throughput and the total mass flow of crop residue through the chopper 122. In some embodiments, a strain plate or other mounting arrangement of a greater or lesser width may be used. In some embodiments, a strain plate or other component to which strain gauges are attached need not necessarily extend across the full width of a chopper or other system.For example, a significant distance can be provided between adjacent expansion plates or between one or more expansion plates and the lateral boundaries of a relevant cladding.

[0055] In some embodiments, one of the features in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. A similar strain gauge arrangement shown may be located elsewhere in a relevant harvesting machine. For example, an arrangement similar to that shown for strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c may be located at an inlet of a distribution side panel (not in Fig. 7 and Fig. (shown in Figure 8) or located elsewhere in a residue processing system. Depending on the specific location, such an arrangement may still allow for the measurement of crop residue mass throughputs by a relevant chopper, although the arrangement does not necessarily have to be located within the chopper itself.

[0056] In some embodiments, the analysis of signals from the strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c, or other sensors in a relevant strain sensing arrangement can be modulated based on environmental or other factors. As mentioned above, for example, a determination of crop residue mass throughput can be based in part on information relating to the type of crop or its moisture content. Similarly, a determination of crop residue mass throughput can be based, for example, on properties relating to how a particular strain plate configuration or other component responds to certain types of impact or other factors.

[0057] In some embodiments, other components may be included. For example, the strain gauges 128a, 128b, 128c or other sensors (not shown) may be combined with one of the processor units 44 (see Figure 1). Fig. 2) are related to a similar processor setup.

[0058] In some embodiments, which include relatively close variants of those expressly discussed above, different types of sensors can be used. For example, in some embodiments, a mechanical component on which a force is to be measured can be connected to a piston extending within a fluid-filled cylinder. Furthermore, one or more sensors can be arranged to measure the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder. By measuring the pressure of the fluid, the force applied to the piston can be determined, and thus also relevant forces exerted by the crop residue moving through a harvesting machine.As another example, speed sensors on a rotating knife assembly or other moving component may be configured to measure indicators of impact energy, or position sensors on a stationary knife assembly or other component may be configured to measure other relevant indicators.

[0059] Some embodiments of the invention may include methods for monitoring crop residues in a harvesting machine, including via computer-implemented operations. Fig. Figure 9 shows an exemplary method 200 according to the invention. In some implementations, the method 200 (or aspects thereof) can be implemented with respect to arrangements expressly discussed above. In some implementations, the method 200 can be used with other arrangements, or the arrangements expressly discussed above can be operated using other methods.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the method 200 comprises measuring 202 indicators of the mass throughput of the crop residues by the chopper. In some implementations, the measurement 202 can be performed using a sensor arrangement 204, such as an arrangement of load cells, strain gauges, torque sensors, impact sensors, or other sensors, which may be configured to transmit sensor data to a processor.

[0061] Once the relevant indicators 202 have been measured, corresponding signals can be received. For example, a processor unit in a central control unit of a harvesting machine, a sensor package, or a remote (e.g., cloud-enabled) control system can receive signals from a sensor (or sensors) 210 indicating the force or other indicator measured by the sensor array 204 202.

[0062] After receiving the appropriate signals, a processor can then determine a distribution of crop residues over a relevant area. In some embodiments, as discussed above, a crop residue distribution in a chopper can be determined based on sensor data collected in the chopper. In some embodiments, sensor data can be collected elsewhere in a residue processing system, so that the data do not necessarily directly indicate the crop residue mass flow in a chopper, although the data may nevertheless generally correspond to the crop residue mass flow passing through the chopper.

[0063] In some embodiments, determining 220 a distribution of crop residues may first involve determining 222 indicators of a mass flow of crop residues at several locations and then calculating 224 an effective center of mass throughput of crop residues based on the determined 222 mass flow of crop residues. For example, weight averages of an absolute or relative mass flow of crop residues over a width (e.g., a full width) of a chopper may be determined in a greater or lesser number of cases, generally corresponding to an orientation of the mass throughput of crop residues toward a particular area of ​​the chopper. Therefore, determining 220 a distribution of crop residues may, for example, involve calculating 224 an indicator of the lateral distribution or general uniformity of the mass flow.

[0064] In some embodiments, a total mass throughput of crop residues 230 can be determined. Through suitable calibration, for example, measured indicators of mass throughput of crop residues 202 can be correlated with absolute mass throughputs of crop residues instead of with relative mass throughputs of crop residues, which are measured comparatively between different areas of a harvesting machine. As also mentioned above, suitable calibration may in some cases depend on factors including the type of crop, the moisture content, operating parameters of the relevant harvesting machine, other environmental factors, etc.

[0065] As also described above, in some embodiments, sensor arrangements can be configured to measure indicators of the mass flow of crop residues at various parts of a residue processing system. For example, sensor arrangements can be configured to measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues at a chopper or a downstream component, such as a side-mounted spreader. In some embodiments, sensor arrangements can be configured to measure indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues upstream of a chopper in a residue processing system.

[0066] Therefore, embodiments of the invention can provide improved systems and methods for monitoring a flow of crop residues through harvesting machinery. This can be useful, for example, to improve erosion control, prevent clogging of tillage or seeding equipment, improve crop establishment, ensure uniform germination, and support no-till or direct seeding applications. Furthermore, leaving crop residues on a field, particularly with a suitably uniform distribution, can offer significant advantages over alternatives such as baling or tillage. These advantages include better snow retention and water infiltration, reduced moisture evaporation, increased soil organic matter content, improved soil structure and plant nutrient cycling, and lower overall production costs.

[0067] It is understood by those skilled in the field that, although the invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily limited thereto and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications, and deviations from the embodiments, uses, and applications are intended to be encompassed by the accompanying claims. The entire disclosure of each patent and publication cited herein is acknowledged by reference as if each such patent or publication were individually acknowledged herein by reference.

[0068] Various features and advantages of the invention are set out in the following claims.

Claims

[1] Residue management system for an agricultural harvesting machine, wherein the agricultural harvesting machine comprises a chopper with a knife arrangement for shredding crop residues, wherein the residue management system comprises: a sensor arrangement associated with one or more components of the chopper, wherein the sensor arrangement comprises a plurality of sensors arranged on a stationary knife arrangement of the chopper's knife arrangement to measure indicators of a mass throughput of crop residues through the chopper over a width of a stream of crop residues, based on a measurement of forces of the crop residues acting on the stationary knife arrangement. [2] Residue management system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors are distributed across the width of the shredder along the stationary knife arrangement to measure indicators of mass throughput at different points across the width of the shredder. [3] Residue management system according to claim 2, further comprising: a processor device that is connected to the sensor assembly; the processor device is set up for this purpose: to receive signals corresponding to the mass throughput indicators measured by the multitude of sensors; and to determine the distribution of crop residues across the width of the chopper based on mass throughput indicators. [4] Residue management system according to claim 3, comprising determining the distribution of crop residues across the width of the chopper: Calculating an effective center of mass flow of crop residues within the width of the chopper based on the mass throughput indicators measured by the multitude of sensors. [5] Residue management system according to claim 1, wherein the multiple sensors arranged on the stationary knife arrangement are connected to multiple knives of the stationary knife arrangement. [6] Residue management system according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of sensors arranged on the stationary knife arrangement comprises a plurality of force transducers connected to the plurality of knives of the stationary knife arrangement. [7] Residue management system according to claim 1, wherein the knife arrangement further comprises a rotating knife arrangement. [8] Residue management system according to claim 7, wherein the sensor arrangement further comprises a plurality of torque sensors distributed over the width of the rotating knife arrangement. [9] Residue management system according to claim 1, further comprising: one or more baffle plates that extend at least partially into a flow path of the crop residues, the sensor arrangement is further configured to measure impact forces of the crop residues on one or more impact plates as additional indicators of mass throughput. [10] Residue management system according to claim 9, wherein the sensor arrangement further comprises one or more springs coupled to the one or more impact plates and one or more displacement measuring devices configured to measure a displacement of the one or more springs. [11] Residue management system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor arrangement further comprises one or more strain gauges configured to measure the strain caused by the movement of the crop residues by the chopper. [12] Residue management system according to claim 11, wherein the chopper comprises a housing, wherein one or more strain gauges are configured to measure the strain of the housing caused by the crop residues. [13] Method for managing crop residues for an agricultural harvesting machine using one or more processor devices, wherein the agricultural harvesting machine comprises a chopper with a knife arrangement for chopping crop residues and a sensor arrangement associated with the chopper, the method comprising: Measuring indicators of the mass throughput of crop residues through the chopper using the sensor array; Determine, using one or more processor devices, based on mass throughput indicators, a distribution of crop residues within the chopper; and / or a total mass throughput of crop residues through the chopper, wherein the knife arrangement of the shredder comprises a stationary knife arrangement and the sensor arrangement comprises a plurality of sensors arranged on the stationary knife arrangement. [14] The method according to claim 13 further comprises: Determination of the total mass throughput based on the determination of the distribution of crop residues. [15] Method according to claim 13, wherein determining the distribution of crop residues within the chopper comprises: Identifying an indicator of the mass throughput of crop residues at each of several points along the stationary knife arrangement within the chopper using one or more processor devices; and Calculating an effective center of mass throughput within the chopper based on the crop residue mass throughput indicator at each of several locations along the stationary knife arrangement within the chopper using one or more processor devices.

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