Display device

Abstract

Display device comprising: a display panel (100) configured to display an image and extending in a first direction (X) and in a second direction (Y) perpendicular to the first direction (X); at least one vibration module (200) on a back surface of the display panel (100), wherein the at least one vibration module (200) comprises a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) comprising a plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) configured to vibrate the display panel (100), each of the plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) comprising: a plurality of first sections (211) having a piezoelectric characteristic; and a plurality of second sections (212) having flexibility, each of the plurality of second sections (212) being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first sections (211), wherein the plurality of first sections (211) in each of the plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) extend in the first direction (X) on a plane or extend in the second direction (Y), wherein the plurality of first sections (211) in the respective sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) extend partially in different directions.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0037500, filed on March 29, 2019. Background1. Technical area

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a display device. 2. Discussion of the state of the art

[0003] Generally, a display device is widely used as a screen for displaying an image in various electronic products or household appliances, such as a television, a monitor, a notebook computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, an electronic pad, a wearable device, a watchphone, a mobile information device, a navigation device, or a mobile control display device. Generally, the display device may include a display panel for displaying an image and a sound device for outputting sound associated with the displayed image. However, in the case of the general display device, sound output from the sound device propagates to a back or bottom of the display panel, whereby the sound quality may be deteriorated due to interference with sound reflected on a wall or floor.This leads to difficulties in maintaining the accuracy of sound transmission, disrupting the user's immersion.

[0004] For example, the sound device may be an actuator comprising a magnet and a coil. However, if the sound device including the actuator is attached to the display device, it is disadvantageous to the display device in that its thickness increases. Therefore, a piezoelectric device that can realize a thin thickness has attracted considerable attention. Due to the brittle nature of the piezoelectric device, the piezoelectric device is easily damaged by external forces, thereby reducing the reliability of sound reproduction.

[0005] EP 3 364 636 A1 describes a display device with vibration modules.

[0006] US 2013 / 0 167 881 A1 describes a transducer with a vibration module with several sub-modules. Summary

[0007] Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a display device that substantially obviates one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the prior art.

[0008] The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display device that enables expansion of a reproduction frequency band and improves flatness of sound pressure by providing an identical arrangement direction among a plurality of first portions in each of a plurality of sub-modules included in a vibration module or by providing a different arrangement direction among some of the first portions in a plurality of sub-modules included in a vibration module.

[0010] Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display device that enables expansion of a reproduction frequency band and improves the sound pressure of a low-pitch sound reproduction band by reducing a lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency using the piezoelectric characteristic determined based on an arrangement direction of a piezoelectric material in each of a plurality of sub-modules included in a vibration module and a structure of a display panel functioning as a vibration plate.

[0011] Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display device that enables improvement in the flatness of a sound pressure by changing a resonance frequency in each of a plurality of vibration modules using a plate arranged between a display panel and some vibration modules among a plurality of vibration modules.

[0012] Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practicing the inventive concepts provided herein. Other features and aspects of the inventive concepts may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in, or derivable from, the written description and claims herein, as well as the accompanying drawings.

[0013] To achieve these and other aspects of the inventive concepts embodied and generally described, a display device is provided comprising a display panel configured to display an image and at least one vibration module on a backside of the display panel, wherein the at least one vibration module comprises a piezoelectric composite layer comprising a plurality of sub-modules configured to vibrate the display panel, each of the plurality of sub-modules comprising a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first portions, the plurality of first portions in the respective sub-modules being arranged in a same direction or partially arranged in different directions.

[0014] In another aspect, a display device is provided, comprising: a display panel having a first and a second region, the display panel being configured to display an image, and a plurality of vibration modules on a back side of the display panel, the plurality of vibration modules being configured to vibrate the first region and the second region, each of the plurality of vibration modules comprising a piezoelectric composite layer having a plurality of sub-modules, each of the plurality of sub-modules comprising: a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first portions, the plurality of first portions being arranged in a same direction or partially arranged in different directions in the respective sub-modules.

[0015] Other systems, methods, features, and advantages will be or become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following figures and detailed description. All such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages are intended to be included within this description, within the scope of the present disclosure, and protected by the following claims. Nothing in this section should be construed as limiting those claims. Additional aspects and advantages are discussed below in connection with embodiments of the disclosure. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are exemplary and illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed disclosure. Brief description of the drawings

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this detailed description, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain various principles of the disclosure. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a rear view showing the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II' of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a vibration module of the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 5 shows a piezoelectric composite layer of the Fig. 4 shown vibration module. Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration module of Fig. 6 shows. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 10 is a plan view showing a fourth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a plan view showing a fifth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 12 shows a vibration plate on which the vibration module of Fig. 6 is attached. Fig. 13 shows a vibration plate on which the vibration module of Fig. 8 is attached. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 shows the vibration plate. Fig. 15 shows a display device on which the vibration module of Fig. 6 is attached. Fig. 16 shows a display device which can be realized by additionally attaching a vibration module to the display device of Fig. 15 is obtained. Fig. 17 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 shows the vibration plate. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing a sixth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 19 is a plan view showing a seventh embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 20 is a plan view showing an eighth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 21 is a plan view showing a ninth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 22 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level according to a structure of a plate of a Fig. 18 shows the vibration module. Fig. 24 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 25 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 26 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 24 and Fig. 25 shows the display device. Fig. 27 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 28 is a plan view showing a fourth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 29 is a plan view showing a fifth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 30 is a plan view showing a sixth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 31 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 shows the display device. Fig. 32 is a diagram showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 29 and Fig. 30 shows the display device shown. Fig. 33 is a plan view showing a seventh embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 34 is a plan view showing an eighth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 35 is a plan view showing a ninth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 36 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 37 is a plan view showing an eleventh embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 38 is a plan view showing a twelfth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Throughout the drawings and detailed description, unless otherwise noted, the same reference numerals in the drawings should refer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative size and depiction of these elements may be exaggerated for clarity, distinctness, and convenience. Detailed description

[0018] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, where it is determined that a detailed description of well-known functions or configurations associated with this document would obscure the gist of the inventive concept, such detailed description will be omitted. The described sequence of processing steps and / or operations is exemplary; however, the sequence of steps and / or operations is not limited to that set forth herein and may be varied as is known in the art, except for steps and / or operations that must necessarily occur in a particular order. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout.The names of the respective elements used in the following explanations are chosen only for the convenience of writing the description and thus may differ from those used in actual products.

[0019] It should be noted that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements are not intended to be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could also be referred to as a second element, and likewise, a second element could be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0020] The term "at least one" should be understood to include any combination of one or more of the associated listed elements. For example, the meaning of "at least one of a first element, a second element, and a third element" includes the combination of all elements, the combination of two or more of the first element, the second element, and the third element, as well as the first element, the second element, or the third element.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments, when a structure is described as being positioned "on or above" or "below or below" another structure, this description should be understood to include both a case where the structures contact each other and a case where a third structure is interposed. The size and thickness of each element shown in the drawings are provided only for convenience of description, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0022] Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or entirely coupled or combined with one another and may be variously operated and technically controlled with one another, as would be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced independently of one another or may be practiced together in a dependent relationship.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may include a liquid crystal module (LCM) including a display panel and a driver for driving the display panel, an organic light emitting display (OLED) module, and a quantum dot (QD) module. In addition, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include equipment displays including a complete product or final product of an LCM, OLED, or QD module, such as a notebook, a television, a computer monitor, an automotive display, or a vehicle display, and electronic adjustment devices or an adjustment device (adjustment device) such as mobile electronic devices of a smartphone or an electronic pad.

[0024] The display panel used for an embodiment of the present disclosure may be any type of display, such as a liquid crystal display panel, an organic luminescent display panel, a quantum dot display panel, an electroluminescent display panel, etc., but the embodiments are not limited to these types. For example, the display panel may be any panel capable of generating sound using a sound generation actuator in accordance with vibration. Furthermore, the display panel is not limited in its shape and size.

[0025] For example, in the case of the liquid crystal display panel, it may include a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels provided at the respective intersections of the gate lines and data lines. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display panel may include an array substrate including a thin-film transistor corresponding to a switching device for controlling light transmittance for each pixel, an upper substrate including a color filter and / or a black matrix, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the array substrate and the upper substrate.

[0026] In the case of the organic light-emitting display panel, it may include a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels provided at the respective intersections of the gate and data lines. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting display panel may include an array substrate including a thin-film transistor corresponding to a means for selectively applying a voltage to each pixel, an organic light-emitting device layer on the array substrate, and an encapsulation substrate on the array substrate covering the organic light-emitting device layer. The encapsulation substrate protects the thin-film transistor and the organic light-emitting device layer from external shocks and prevents or avoids moisture or oxygen from penetrating the organic light-emitting device layer.In addition, a layer disposed on the array substrate may comprise an inorganic light-emitting layer such as a nanoscale material layer or quantum dot layer, or may comprise a micro-light-emitting diode.

[0027] Hereinafter, a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. By adding reference numerals to the elements of respective drawings, although the same elements are shown in different drawings, like reference numerals may refer to like elements.

[0028] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device can expand the reproduction frequency band and improve the flatness of the sound pressure by providing an identical arrangement direction along a plurality of first sections in each of a plurality of sub-modules included in a vibration module or by providing a different arrangement direction along some first sections in the plurality of sub-modules included in the vibration module.

[0029] The display device can expand the reproduction frequency band and improve the sound pressure of the low sound reproduction band by reducing the lowest sound reproduction frequency using a piezoelectronic characteristic that can be determined based on the arrangement direction of the piezoelectronic material in each of the plurality of sub-modules included in the vibration module and the structure of the display panel functioning as the vibration plate.

[0030] The display device can improve a flatness of the sound pressure by changing the resonance frequency in each of the plurality of vibration modules using a plate between the display panel and some vibration modules among the plurality of vibration modules.

[0031] Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the one display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a rear view showing the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II' of Fig. 2.

[0032] With reference to Fig. 1 to 3, the display device 10 may include a display panel 100, a vibration module 200, a structure 300, a fixing element 400, and a separating element 500. The display panel 100 may display an image and may vibrate according to the control of at least one vibration module 200, directly outputting sound waves (SW) in a front direction (FD). The display panel 100 may vibrate according to the control of at least one vibration module 200 such that an image may not be displayed thereon, thereby directly outputting sound waves (SW) in a front direction (FD). Accordingly, the display panel 100 may function as a vibration plate or a speaker for directly generating sound (SW). For example, when the display panel 100 outputs sound (SW), the display panel 100 may be a vibration plate, a panel speaker, or a flat panel speaker capable of directly generating sound (SW).Thus, the display panel 100 can display an image and can also generate sound (SW).

[0033] The display panel 100 may be any type of display panel or curved display panel, such as a liquid crystal display panel, an organic light-emitting display panel, a quantum dot light-emitting display panel, a micro-light-emitting diode display panel, and an electrophoretic display panel. For example, the display panel 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be any display panel capable of outputting sound waves (or sound) through vibration according to the vibration module 200, or capable of generating haptic feedback in response to a touch, but is not limited to any specific display panel.

[0034] The display panel 100 may include a pixel circuit on a substrate (e.g., a base substrate) and a pixel array layer (e.g., a display portion) associated with the pixel circuit and including an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a luminescent layer. The display panel 100 may display an image according to a structure of the pixel array layer as a top emission type, a bottom emission type, or a dual emission type. For example, the anode electrode may be referred to as a "first" electrode or a "pixel electrode," but is not limited to these terms. The cathode electrode may be referred to as a "second" electrode or a "common" electrode, but is not limited to these terms.

[0035] Here, in the case of the upward emission type, light generated in the pixel array layer can be emitted in the front direction (FD or front of the display device) of the substrate of the display panel 100, thereby enabling an image to be displayed. In the case of the downward emission type, light generated in the pixel array can be emitted to the outside via a rear direction (or the front of the display device) of the substrate, thereby enabling an image to be displayed.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device 10 may further include a functional film (not shown) attached to the display panel 100, for example, using a transparent adhesive. Herein, the transparent adhesive may include, but is not limited to, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), optically clear adhesive (OCA), or optically clear resin (OCR).

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the functional film may include an anti-reflection layer (or anti-reflective film) capable of reducing or preventing reflection of external light to improve the contrast ratio and outdoor visibility for an image displayed on the display panel 100. For example, the anti-reflection layer may include a circular polarization layer (or circular polarization film) configured to reduce, prevent, or block the outward leakage of light reflected from the thin-film transistor and / or lines arranged in the pixel array layer.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the functional film may include a light path control layer (e.g., a light path control film) capable of controlling a path of light emitted from the pixel array layer of the display panel 100 to the external environment. The light path control layer may include a structure in which a high-refractive layer and a low-refractive layer are alternately formed and can change a light path incident from the pixel array layer 130 to minimize or reduce color shift depending on a viewing angle. For example, the low-refractive layer may be in the uppermost layer of the light path control layer.

[0039] The vibration module 200 may be disposed on a back surface of the display panel 100 to vibrate the display panel 100. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration module 200 may be formed in a film-type material configured to have piezoelectric characteristics, relatively high flexibility, and a thin thickness. For example, a thickness of the vibration module 200 may be smaller than a thickness of the display panel 100, thereby preventing the thickness of the display panel 100 from being greatly increased by the thickness of the vibration module 200.The vibration module 200 that can use the display panel 100 as a vibration plate may be referred to as a "sound generating module," a "sound generating device," a "film actuator," a "film-type composite piezoelectric actuator," a "film speaker," a "film-type piezoelectric speaker," or a "film-type composite piezoelectric speaker," but is not limited to these terms.

[0040] The vibration module 200 can vibrate in response to a sound signal at various frequencies, so that it may be possible to vibrate the display panel 100 at a specific frequency (or natural pitch). For example, the vibration module 200 can vibrate in response to a sound signal synchronized with an image displayed on the display panel 100, thereby vibrating the display panel 100. The sound generated in response to the vibration of the display panel 100 can have improved sound pressure level (SPL) characteristics and an expanded sound reproduction range because a frequency of an input signal can match the natural frequency of the display device 10.According to another embodiment, the vibration module 200 may vibrate according to a haptic feedback signal (or touch feedback signal) that may be synchronized with a user's touch on a touch pad on the display panel 100, thereby vibrating the display panel 100. Accordingly, the display panel 100 may vibrate according to the vibration of the vibration module 200 and may provide at least one audible or haptic feedback to a user (or viewer).

[0041] The vibration module 200 may include a plurality of first sections 201 and a plurality of second sections 202. Each of the plurality of first sections 201 may include a section of inorganic material. The section of inorganic material may include an electroactive material. In the case of the electroactive material, a potential difference may be generated by dielectric polarization in accordance with a relative position change of a positive (+) ion and a negative (-) ion when a compressive or torsional phenomenon is applied to a crystalline structure due to an external force, and vibration may be generated by an electric field in accordance with a reversely applied voltage.

[0042] Each of the plurality of second sections 202 may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first sections 201. The plurality of first sections 201 and the plurality of second sections 202 may be arranged (or deposited) in the same plane (or in the same layer) while being parallel to each other. Each of the plurality of second sections 202 may fill a gap or space between the adjacent two of the first sections 201 and may be connected or fixed to the adjacent first sections 201. Accordingly, by connecting the first section in a unit lattice through the second section 202, the vibration module 200 may have increased vibration energy, thereby improving piezoelectric characteristics and flexibility.In the vibration module 200, the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 may be arranged alternately along a first direction (X) in the same plane, so that it may be possible to form a large-sized composite film (or an organic and inorganic composite film) having a single-layer structure, wherein the large-sized composite film may have flexibility due to the plurality of second portions 202.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of second portions 202 may include portions of organic material. Each of the plurality of second portions 202 may fill a gap or space between respective ones of the inorganic material portions. Since the portion of organic material may be disposed between respective ones of the inorganic material portions, it may be possible to absorb a force exerted on the inorganic material portion (or the first portion) to improve overall durability of the vibration module 200 by relieving mechanical stresses focused on the inorganic material portion and to impart flexibility to the vibration module 200. According to another embodiment, the plurality of first portions 201 may include portions of organic material, and the plurality of second portions 202 may include portions of inorganic material.

[0044] Accordingly, the vibration module 200 of the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the inorganic material portion (first portion) and the organic material portion (second portion) in the same layer, whereby a force transmitted to the inorganic material portion can be absorbed by the organic material portion, thereby reducing, minimizing, or preventing damage to the inorganic material portion by an external force applied to the display device, and further reducing or preventing a vibration function (or sound efficiency) from being degraded by the damage to the inorganic material portion.

[0045] The vibration module 200 of the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may also include a piezoelectric ceramic configured to ensure piezoelectric characteristics, and a polymer material provided within the piezoelectric ceramic to realize flexibility and shock resistance of the piezoelectric ceramic. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite crystal structure, so that the vibration module 200 can vibrate (or exhibit mechanical displacement) in response to an externally applied sound signal.For example, when an alternating current (AC) is applied to the inorganic material portion (first portion), the inorganic material portion can repeatedly contract and expand due to an inverse piezoelectric effect, thereby allowing the vibration module 200 to vibrate through a bending phenomenon with alternately changing a bending direction. Accordingly, since the display panel 100 can vibrate according to the vibration of the vibration module 200, sound or haptic feedback can be delivered to a user.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the vibration module 200 may be attached to a surface of the display panel 100 using an adhesive member 150 (e.g., a module adhesive member). The adhesive member 150 may be located between the vibration module 200 and a back surface of the display panel 100. For example, the adhesive member 150 may be a double-sided adhesive tape or an adhesive that can provide good adhesion and bonding strength to the back surface of the display panel 100 and the vibration module 200. An adhesive layer of the adhesive member 150 may contain epoxy, acrylic, silicon, or urethane. The adhesive layer of the adhesive member 150 may further contain an additive such as a coupling agent, a wax component, or an antioxidant. These additives can prevent or avoid the adhesive member 150 from separating (e.g., peeling off) from the display panel 100 due to the vibration of the vibration module 200.The adhesive may be a rosin derivative, the wax component may be paraffin wax, and the antioxidant may be a phenol-based antioxidant such as thioesters. Embodiments are not limited to these materials. An adhesive strength of the adhesive member 150 over the plurality of second portions 202 is greater than an adhesive strength of the adhesive member over the plurality of first portions 201. This can improve the adhesion between the display panel 100 and the vibration module 200, even when the vibration module 200 or the display panel 100 is bent. Furthermore, the difference in the adhesive strengths can prevent or avoid the adhesive member 150 from separating (e.g., peeling off) from the display panel 100 due to the vibration of the vibration module 200.

[0047] According to another embodiment, the adhesive member 150 may further include a cavity between the display panel 100 and the vibration module 200. The cavity of the adhesive member 150 may provide an air gap between the display panel 100 and the vibration module 200. The air gap may concentrate the sound wave (or sound pressure) according to the vibration of the vibration module 200 on the display panel 100, so that it may be possible to minimize or reduce vibration loss caused by the adhesive member 150, thereby improving the sound pressure level characteristics of the sound generated according to the vibration of the display panel 100.

[0048] The structure 300 may include a first cover portion 310, a second cover portion 330, and a third cover portion 350. The first cover portion 310 may cover an entire first surface (e.g., an entire back surface) of the display panel 100, with a gap (GS) provided therebetween. For example, the first cover portion 310 may be referred to as, but is not limited to, a "support member," a "housing," a "system cover," a "garnish cover," a "back cover," a "cover bottom," a "back frame," or an "enclosure." The back surface of the display panel 100 may be referred to as, but is not limited to, "a" surface, a "first" surface, a "rear" surface, or a "bottom" surface.

[0049] The second cover portion 330 may be connected to one end of the first cover portion 310 and may cover an entire second surface (e.g., an entire side surface) of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the second cover portion 330 may be embodied in an additional center frame to be connected to the first cover portion 310. For example, the second cover portion 330 embodied in the center frame may cover both side surfaces of the first cover portion 310 and side surfaces of the display panel 100. For example, the second cover portion 330 embodied in the center frame may include the same material as that of the first cover portion 310 or include a different material than that of the first cover portion 310.

[0050] The third cover portion 350 may cover a non-display area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the third cover portion 350 may have a frame shape with an opening portion overlapping a display area (AA) of the display panel 100. For example, the third cover portion 350 may be connected to the first cover portion 310 or the center frame to cover the non-display area of the display panel 100, thereby supporting or fixing the display panel 100. Since the third cover portion 350 may be in the front edge or front periphery of the display panel 100, the third cover portion 350 may be directly exposed to a user (or viewer), which may make it difficult to realize a good appearance of the display device in a design aspect, and a bezel width of the display device may be larger.To overcome these problems, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixing member 400 may be provided to connect the display panel 100 and the first cover portion 310 to each other and thus omit (or remove) the third cover portion 350, thereby reducing a bezel width of the display device and realizing a good appearance of the display device in a design aspect.

[0051] However, embodiments are not limited to the above structure. For example, the structure 300 may include the first cover portion 310, the second cover portion 330, and the third cover portion 350, which may be formed as one body.

[0052] The fixation element 400 can connect the first cover portion 310 and the second cover portion 330 to the edge or perimeter of the display panel 100. For example, the fixation element 400 can be located between the rear edge or perimeter of the display panel 100 and the edge or perimeter of the first cover portion 310, allowing the display panel 100 to adhere to the first cover portion 310. According to one embodiment, the fixation element 400 can be a double-sided adhesive tape, a single-sided adhesive tape, or a double-sided pressure-sensitive foam patch, but embodiments are not limited to these types.

[0053] The separator 500 may be located between the display panel 100 and the first cover portion 310, whereby the separator 500, which may be provided at a certain interval or distance from the vibration module 200, may surround the vibration module 200. The separator 500 may block the sound generated by the vibration module 200, and the sound may propagate in a direction opposite to the display panel 100. Accordingly, the vibration generated by the vibration module 200 may be focused onto the display panel 100 by the separator 500.

[0054] For example, the separator 500 may include, but is not limited to, polyurethane or polyolefin. According to another example, the separator 500 may include a single-sided tape or a double-sided tape. In another example, the separator 500 may include materials with elasticity.

[0055] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vibration module of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 5 shows a piezoelectric composite layer of the Fig. 4 shown vibration module.

[0056] With reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the vibration module 200 may have flexibility, allowing the vibration module 200 to bend and vibrate in response to an audio signal. For example, the vibration module 200 may vibrate in response to the audio signal, which may be synchronized with an image displayed on the display panel 100, to thereby vibrate the display panel 100. According to another embodiment, the vibration module 200 may vibrate in response to a haptic feedback signal (or touch feedback signal), which may be synchronized with a user's touch on a touch pad on the display panel 100, or may be provided in the display panel 100 to thereby vibrate the display panel 100. Accordingly, the display panel 100 may vibrate in response to the vibration of the vibration module 200 and may provide audible and / or haptic feedback to a user (or a viewer).

[0057] The vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), a first electrode layer 203, and a second electrode layer 204. The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include a plurality of first portions 201 and a plurality of second portions. According to one embodiment, each of the plurality of first portions 201 may be a line pattern having a first length (d1), and the plurality of first portions 201 may be provided at a fixed interval or pitch corresponding to a second length (d2) along the first direction (X), and may be parallel to a second direction (Y) perpendicular to the first direction (X).

[0058] According to one embodiment, the first length (d1) in each of the plurality of first sections 201 and the second length (d2) in each of the plurality of second sections 202 may be changed according to a position of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). For example, the second length (d2) in each of the plurality of second sections 202 may gradually decrease from the central portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) to the edge or periphery of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL).

[0059] For example, as the first length (d1) in each of the plurality of first sections 201 increases, a proportion of the first sections 201 in the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may increase. As the second length (d2) in each of the plurality of second sections 202 increases, a proportion of the first sections 201 in the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may decrease. As the first length (d1) in each of the plurality of first sections 201 increases, the sound pressure level characteristic of the vibration module 200 can be improved. As the second length (d2) in each of the plurality of second sections 202 increases, the flexibility of the vibration module 200 can be improved.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 201 may have the same size, e.g., area, extent, or volume, within a manufacturing error range (or allowable error range) generated for a manufacturing process. According to another embodiment, the plurality of first sections 201 may have different sizes, e.g., area, extent, or volume.

[0061] According to one embodiment, each of the plurality of first portions 201 may include an inorganic material or a piezoelectric material capable of vibrating in response to an electric field through the piezoelectric effect (or piezoelectric characteristic). For example, each of the plurality of first portions 201 may be referred to as an "electroactive" portion, an "inorganic material portion," a "piezoelectric material portion," or a "vibrating portion," but embodiments are not limited to these terms.

[0062] According to one embodiment, each of the plurality of first sections 201 may contain the electroactive material. In the case of the electroactive material, a potential difference is generated by dielectric polarization according to a relative position change of a positive (+) ion and a negative (-) ion when a compressive or torsional phenomenon is applied to a crystal structure due to an external force, and vibration may be generated by an electric field according to a reversely applied voltage.

[0063] For example, the portion of inorganic material included in each of the plurality of first portions 201 may include at least one of the following: lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb). However, embodiments are not limited to these materials. According to another embodiment, the portion of inorganic material included in each of the plurality of first portions 201 may include one or more of the following: a PZT (lead zirconium titanate)-based material including lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti), or a PZNN (lead zirconate nickel niobate)-based material including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb), but embodiments are not limited to these materials.The inorganic material portion may also include calcium titanate (CaTiO3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and / or strontium titanate (SrTiO3), which do not contain lead (Pb). However, embodiments are not limited to these materials.

[0064] Each of the plurality of second sections 202 may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first sections 201. The plurality of first sections 201 and the plurality of second sections 202 may be arranged (or deposited) in the same plane (or in the same layer) and at the same time be parallel to each other. Each of the plurality of second sections 202 may fill a gap or space between the adjacent two of the first sections 201 and may be connected to or attached to the adjacent first sections 201. For example, each of the plurality of second sections 202 may be a line pattern with a second length (d2), and the plurality of second sections 202 may be parallel to each other, such that each first section 201 may be located between respective pairs of the second sections 202. According to one embodiment, the plurality of second sections 202 may have the same size, e.g.Area, extent, or volume within a manufacturing error range (or allowable error range) generated for a manufacturing process. According to another embodiment, the plurality of second portions 202 may have different sizes, such as area, extent, or volume.

[0065] In the vibration module 200 of the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inorganic material portion (first portion) and the organic material portion (second portion) may be located in the same layer, whereby an external force for the display device can be absorbed by the organic material portion, thereby reducing, minimizing, or preventing damage to the inorganic material portion by an external force applied to the display device, and further reducing or preventing a decrease in a vibration function (or sound power level) by damage to the inorganic material portion.

[0066] The second section 202 may be identical to or different from the first section 201. For example, a size in the first section 201 and the second section 202 may each be determined based on the vibration characteristics of the vibration module 200 and / or desired conditions such as flexibility.

[0067] Compared to the inorganic material portion of the first portion 201, the organic material portion of each of the plurality of second portions 202 may include an organic material having flexibility or an organic polymer having flexibility. For example, each of the plurality of second portions 202 may include an organic material, an organic polymer, an organic piezoelectric material, or an organic non-piezoelectric material. For example, each of the plurality of second portions 202 may be referred to as an "adhering portion" having flexibility, a "flexible" portion, a "flexing portion," a "damping portion," or an "elastic" portion. However, embodiments are not limited to these terms.Since a respective portion of organic material may be located between each pair of inorganic material portions, it may be possible to absorb a force applied to the inorganic material portion (or the first portion) to improve overall durability of the vibration module 200 by relieving mechanical stresses focused on the inorganic material portion and to impart flexibility to the vibration module 200.

[0068] Accordingly, the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may be formed in a thin film type formed by alternately bonding the first portion 201 of the inorganic material having a piezoelectric characteristic and the second portion 202 of the organic material having flexibility, wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may have a size corresponding to the size of the display panel 100 of the display device or may have a size capable of realizing the sound characteristics or vibration characteristics preset in the display panel 100.

[0069] According to an embodiment, when the vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is realized in a pattern form of the organic material portion and the organic material portion, the size (or area) of the vibration module 200 can be expanded to any desired extent, whereby it may be possible to increase a panel coverage of the vibration module 200 for the display panel 100, thereby improving the sound characteristics corresponding to the vibration of the display panel 100. It may be possible to achieve slenderness of the vibration module 200, whereby it may be possible to reduce or prevent the increase in the drive voltage.The vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may also be realized in the form of a thin film comprising the inorganic material portion and the organic material portion, whereby the vibration module 200 can be integrated into the display device or mounted without any disturbance to the other elements and / or the structure of the display device.

[0070] The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) can be polarized by a constant voltage applied to the first electrode layer 203 and the second electrode layer 204 under a constant temperature atmosphere. The first electrode layer 203 can be located on a first surface (or front surface) of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) and can be electrically connected to a first surface in each of the plurality of first sections 201. According to one embodiment, the first electrode layer 203 can include a transparent conductive material, a semi-transparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, the transparent or semi-transparent conductive material can include indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). However, embodiments are not limited to these materials.The opaque conductive material may include aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), and / or their alloys. However, embodiments are not limited to these materials.

[0071] The second electrode layer 204 may be located on a second surface (or back surface) opposite the first surface of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) and may be electrically connected to a second surface in each of the plurality of first sections 201. According to one embodiment, the second electrode layer 204 may include a transparent conductive material, a semitransparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, the second electrode layer 204 may include the same material as the first electrode layer 203.

[0072] The vibration module 200 may further include a first protective film 205 and a second protective film 206. The first protective film 205 may be disposed on the first electrode layer 203 to thereby protect the first surface of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) or the first electrode layer 203. For example, the first protective film 205 may be a polyimide (PI) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, but embodiments are not limited to these materials.

[0073] The second protective film 206 may be disposed on the second electrode layer 204 to thereby protect the second surface of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) or the second electrode layer 204. For example, the second protective film 206 may be a polyimide film (PI film) or polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film), but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0074] Fig. 6 is a plan view illustrating a first embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration module of Fig. 6 represents.

[0075] With reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, at least one vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), a first electrode layer 203, and a second electrode layer 204. The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include a plurality of sub-modules. Each of the plurality of sub-modules may include a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, wherein each of the plurality of second portions may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first portions.

[0076] The first electrode layer 203 may be located on a first surface (or front surface) of the plurality of sub-modules and may be electrically connected to a first surface in the plurality of first sections 201 in each of the plurality of sub-modules. For example, the first electrode layer 203, formed as a body, may supply an audio signal to the plurality of first sections in each of the plurality of sub-modules. According to another embodiment, the first electrode layer 203 may include a plurality of first electrode layers, each corresponding to the plurality of sub-modules, and each of the plurality of first electrode layers may supply the audio signal to the plurality of first sections in each of the plurality of sub-modules.

[0077] The second electrode layer 204 may be located on a second surface (or back surface) opposite the first substrate in the plurality of sub-modules and may be electrically connected to the second surface in the plurality of first portions provided in each of the plurality of sub-modules. For example, the second electrode layer 204 may include a common electrode as a body.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The first sub-module 210 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The first sub-module 210 may include a plurality of first portions 211 having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions 212 having flexibility, wherein each of the plurality of second portions may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first portions.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Each of the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may be located between respective pairs of the first sections 211, and the plurality of second sections 212 may be parallel to the plurality of first sections 211. Accordingly, the plurality of second sections in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X).

[0080] The second sub-module 220 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The second sub-module 220 may include a plurality of first portions 221 having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions 222 having flexibility, wherein each of the plurality of second portions 222 may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first portions 221.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210.

[0082] The third sub-module 230 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 230 may include a plurality of first portions 231 having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions 232 having flexibility, wherein each of the plurality of second portions 232 may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first portions 231.

[0083] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 and 221 in the first and second sub-modules 210 and 220.

[0084] The fourth sub-module 240 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The fourth sub-module 240 may include a plurality of first portions 241 having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions 242 having flexibility, wherein each of the plurality of second portions 242 may be located between respective pairs of the plurality of first portions 241.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, and 231 in the first, second, and third sub-modules 210, 220, and 230.

[0086] Accordingly, each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may include the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to realize the same piezoelectric characteristic and complement the vibration generated in another sub-module. As a result, the vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to expand a vibration range of the display panel 100 and realize a stereophonic sound effect.The display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of sub-modules additionally arranged in the first direction (X) or the second direction (Y) of the vibration module 200, whereby it may be possible to realize a large-sized vibration module for a large-sized display device.

[0087] Fig. 8 is a plan view illustrating a second embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0088] With reference to Fig. 8, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The first sub-module 210 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The first sub-module 210 may comprise a plurality of first portions 211 and a plurality of second portions 212.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Each of the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may be located between respective pairs of the first sections 211, and the plurality of second sections 212 may be parallel to the plurality of first sections 211. Accordingly, the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y).

[0090] The second sub-module 220 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The second sub-module 220 may include a plurality of first portions 221 and a plurality of second portions 222.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210.

[0092] The third sub-module 230 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 230 may include a plurality of first portions 231 and a plurality of second portions 232.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 and an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220.

[0094] The fourth sub-module 240 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The fourth sub-module 240 may include a plurality of first portions 241 and a plurality of second portions 242.

[0095] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, and 231 in the first, second, and third sub-modules 210, 220, and 230.

[0096] Accordingly, each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may include the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to realize the same piezoelectric characteristic and complement the vibration generated in another sub-module. As a result, the vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to expand a vibration range of the display panel 100 and realize a stereophonic sound effect.The display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of sub-modules additionally arranged in the first direction (X) or the second direction (Y) of the vibration module 200, whereby it may be possible to realize a large-sized vibration module for a large display device.

[0097] Fig. 9 is a plan view illustrating a third embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0098] With reference to Fig. 9, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230 and 240.

[0099] The first sub-module 210 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The first sub-module 210 may include a plurality of first portions 211 and a plurality of second portions 212.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Each of the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may be located between respective pairs of the first sections 211, and the plurality of second sections 212 may be parallel to the plurality of first sections 211. Accordingly, the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X).

[0101] The second sub-module 220 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The second sub-module 220 may include a plurality of first portions 221 and a plurality of second portions 222.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210.

[0103] The third sub-module 230 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 230 may include a plurality of first portions 231 and a plurality of second portions 232.

[0104] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 and may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220.

[0105] The fourth sub-module 240 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The fourth sub-module 240 may include a plurality of first portions 241 and a plurality of second portions 242.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220. The arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 and 231 in the first and third sub-modules 210 and 230.

[0107] Accordingly, a piezoelectric characteristic in the first and third sub-modules 210 and 230, which include the plurality of first portions 211 and 231 arranged in the second direction (Y), may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the second and fourth sub-modules 220 and 240, which include the plurality of first portions 221 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X). For example, a natural frequency (or natural pitch) in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 230, which include the plurality of first portions 211 and 231 arranged in the second direction (Y), are attached may differ from a natural frequency (or natural pitch) in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 220 and 240, which include the plurality of first portions 221 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X), may be attached.Accordingly, the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 230 including the plurality of first portions 211 and 231 arranged in the second direction (Y) are attached, and the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 220 and 240 including the plurality of first portions 221 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X) are attached can receive the same input signal and can output sounds with different frequency characteristics. For example, the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 230 including the plurality of first portions 211 and 231 arranged in the second direction (Y) may be attached, and the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 220 and 240 including the plurality of first portions 221 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X) may be attached may have peak values at different frequencies.Accordingly, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240, the first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 of which may be arranged in different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0108] Fig. 10 is a plan view illustrating a fourth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] with reference to Fig. 10, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The first sub-module 210 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The first sub-module 210 may comprise a plurality of first portions 211 and a plurality of portions 212.

[0110] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Each of the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may be located between respective pairs of the first sections 211, and the plurality of second sections 212 may be parallel to the plurality of first sections 211. Accordingly, the plurality of second sections in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X).

[0111] The second sub-module 220 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The second sub-module 220 may include a plurality of first portions 221 and a plurality of second portions 222.

[0112] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210.

[0113] The third sub-module 230 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 230 may include a plurality of first portions 231 and a plurality of second portions 232.

[0114] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 and 221 in the first and second sub-modules 210 and 220.

[0115] The fourth sub-module 240 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The fourth sub-module 240 may include a plurality of first portions 241 and a plurality of second portions 242.

[0116] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230. The arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 and 221 in the first and second sub-modules 210 and 220.

[0117] Accordingly, a piezoelectric characteristic in the first and second sub-modules 210 and 220, which include the plurality of first sections 211 and 221 arranged in the second direction (Y), may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the third and fourth sub-modules 230 and 240, which include the plurality of first sections 231 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X). For example, a natural frequency (or natural pitch) in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 220, which include the plurality of first sections 211 and 221 arranged in the second direction (Y), may be attached may have a different natural frequency (or natural pitch) than the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 230 and 240, which include the plurality of first sections 231 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X), may be attached.Accordingly, the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 220 including the plurality of first portions 211 and 221 arranged in the second direction (Y) may be mounted, and the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 230 and 240 including the plurality of first portions 231 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X) may be mounted, can receive the same input signal and can output sound with the different frequency characteristics. For example, the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-module 210 and 220 including the plurality of first portions 211 and 221 arranged in the second direction (Y) may be attached, and the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-module 230 and 240 including the plurality of first portions 231 and 241 arranged in the first direction (X) may be attached may have peak values at the different frequencies.Accordingly, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240, the first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 of which may be arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0118] Fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating a fifth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0119] With reference to Fig. 11, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The first sub-module 210 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The first sub-module 210 may comprise a plurality of first portions 211 and a plurality of second portions 212.

[0120] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Each of the plurality of second sections 212 in the first sub-module 210 may be located between respective pairs of the first sections 211, and the plurality of second sections 212 may be parallel to the plurality of first sections 211. Accordingly, the plurality of second sections in the first sub-module 210 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X).

[0121] The second sub-module 220 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The second sub-module 220 may include a plurality of first portions 221 and a plurality of second portions 222.

[0122] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210.

[0123] The third sub-module 230 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 230 may include a plurality of first portions 231 and a plurality of second portions 232.

[0124] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may extend on the plane in the first direction (X) and be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (Y). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 231 in the third sub-module 230 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210 and may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 in the second sub-module 220.

[0125] The fourth sub-module 240 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The fourth sub-module 240 may include a plurality of first portions 241 and a plurality of second portions 242.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may extend on the plane in the second direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). Thus, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211 in the first sub-module 210. The arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 241 in the fourth sub-module 240 may differ from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 221 and 231 in the second and third sub-modules 220 and 230.

[0127] Accordingly, a piezoelectric characteristic in the first and fourth sub-modules 210 and 240, which include the plurality of first sections 211 and 241 arranged in the second direction (Y), may be different from a piezoelectric characteristic in the second and third sub-modules 220 and 230, which include the plurality of first sections 221 and 231 arranged in the first direction (X). For example, a natural frequency (or natural pitch) in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 240, which include the plurality of first sections 211 and 241 arranged in the second direction (Y), may be attached may be different from that in the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 220 and 230, which include the plurality of first sections 221 and 231 arranged in the first direction (X), may be attached.Accordingly, the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 210 and 240 including the plurality of first sections 211 and 241 arranged in the second direction (Y) are mounted, and the display panel 100 to which the sub-modules 220 and 240 230 including the plurality of first sections 221 and 231 arranged in the first direction (X) are mounted can receive the same input signal and output sound having the different frequency characteristics. For example, the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-module 210 and 240 including the plurality of first sections 211 and 241 arranged in the second direction (Y) may be attached, and the sound pressure in the display panel 100 to which the sub-module 220 and 230 including the plurality of first sections 221 and 231 arranged in the first direction (X) may be attached, have peak values at different frequencies.Accordingly, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240, the first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 of which may be arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0128] Fig. 12 shows a vibration plate on which the Fig. 6 shown vibration module is attached.

[0129] With reference to Fig. 12, the vibration plate 20a can receive the vibration of the vibration module 200 and output sound. Herein, the vibration plate 20a can include, but is not limited to, polyacrylate. The vibration plate 20a can include any material that has rigidity and elasticity and is capable of absorbing the vibration and outputting the sound at a sound pressure above a certain level. For example, the display panel 100 of the display device can function as the vibration plate capable of absorbing the vibration of the vibration module 200 and directly generating sound (SW).

[0130] According to one embodiment, the vibration plate 20a may have a short side parallel to the first in-plane direction (X) and a long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may be attached to a back surface of the vibration plate 20a, which includes the long side parallel to the second direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240.

[0131] An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230 and 240 may be the same as that of the first embodiment of the vibration module 200 shown in Fig. 6. Thus, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be parallel to the long side direction of the vibrating plate 20a.

[0132] Fig. 13 shows a vibration plate on which the Fig. 8 shown vibration module is attached.

[0133] Herein, a structure of the vibration plate 20b of Fig. 13 with a structure of the vibration plate 20a of Fig. 12. Thus, the shape, structure, material and natural frequency of the vibration plate 20b can be Fig. 13, to which the vibration module is not attached, should be the same as for the vibration plate 20a of Fig. 12, where the vibration module is not attached.

[0134] With reference to Fig. 13, the vibration plate 20b can receive the vibration of the vibration module 200 and output sound. Herein, the vibration plate 20b can include, but is not limited to, polyacrylate. The vibration plate 20b can include any material that has rigidity and elasticity and is capable of absorbing the vibration and outputting the sound at a sound pressure above a certain level. For example, the display panel 100 of the display device can function as the vibration plate capable of absorbing the vibration of the vibration module 200 and directly generating sound (SW).

[0135] According to one embodiment, the vibration plate 20b may have a short side parallel to the first in-plane direction (X) and a long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may be attached to a back surface of the vibration plate 20b, which includes the long side parallel to the second direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240.

[0136] An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230 and 240 may be the same as that of the second embodiment of the vibration module 200 shown in Fig. 8. Thus, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be parallel to the short side direction of the display panel 100.

[0137] If that in Fig. 8 shown vibration module 200 at the in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b is attached, a natural frequency of the vibration plate shown in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b from the natural frequency of the Fig. 12. For example, the sound pressure level characteristic of the vibration plate can be determined based on the structural properties of the vibration plate and the arrangement direction of the piezoelectric material in the vibration module 200. Accordingly, the sound pressure level characteristic may differ from the Fig. 13, from the sound pressure level characteristic curve output by the vibration plate 20b shown in Fig. 12 shown vibration plate 20a. For example, the signals shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 have different arrangement directions in the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 of the vibration module 200, whereby the sound pressure level characteristic of the vibration plates 20a and 20b shown in Fig. 12 may be different from the sound pressure level characteristic of the vibration plate 20a shown in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b.

[0138] Fig. 14 is a graph showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 shows the scoreboard.

[0139] In Fig. 14, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 14, the arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 differs in the vibration module 200, which is based on the Fig. 12, from the arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 in the vibration module 200 applied to the vibration plate 20a shown in Fig. 13 is applied, whereby the sound pressure level characteristic of the vibration plate 20b shown in Fig. 12 shown vibration plate 20a from the sound pressure level characteristic of the Fig. 13 can be distinguished from the vibration plate 20b shown.

[0140] For example, in the case of Fig. 12, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241, which are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating plate 20a, may be attached thereto. In the Fig. In the case of the vibrating plate 20b shown in Fig. 13, the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231 and 241 arranged in the short side direction of the vibrating plate 20b may be attached thereto.

[0141] For example, in a frequency band from 2 kHz to 4 kHz, there may be a frequency of a first peak (Spitzel) of a sound pressure (SPL) that is determined by the Fig. 12, is outputted (shown as a solid line) from a frequency of a second peak (Peak2) of a sound pressure (SPL) generated by the vibration plate 20a shown in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b (shown as a dotted line). In a frequency band of 9 kHz to 11 kHz, a frequency of a third peak (Peak3) of a sound pressure (SPL) output from the vibration plate 20b shown in Fig. 12, from a frequency of a fourth peak (Peak4) of a sound pressure (SPL) output from the vibration plate 20a shown in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b. Thus, the vibration plates 20a and 20b shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, which have mutually different arrangement directions in the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 of the vibration module 200, whereby the frequency characteristics of the Fig. 12 may be different from the frequency characteristics of the vibration plate 20a shown in Fig. 13 shown vibration plate 20b.

[0142] Fig. 15 shows a display device on which the Fig. 6 shown vibration module is attached.

[0143] With reference to Fig. 15, the display device 10a can receive the vibration of the vibration module 200 and output sound. Here, the display device 10a can be a mobile electronic device such as a smartphone or an electronic pad, but is not limited to these devices. For example, the display device 10a can be an electronic accessory device or an accessory device (accessory device) capable of receiving the vibration and outputting the sound with a sound pressure above a certain level. For example, the display device 10a can function as a vibration plate capable of receiving the vibration of the vibration module 200 and directly generating the sound (SW).

[0144] According to one embodiment, the display device 10a may have a short side parallel to the first in-plane direction (X) and a long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may be attached to a back surface (or back surface of a back cover) of the display device 10a, which includes the long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240.

[0145] An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230 and 240 may be the same as that of the first embodiment of the Fig. 6. Thus, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be parallel to the long side direction of the display device 10a.

[0146] Fig. 16 shows a display device which can be realized by additionally attaching a vibration module to the display device of Fig. 15 is obtained.

[0147] Here, a structure of the display device 10b of Fig. 16 with a structure of the display device 10a of Fig. 15. Thus, the shape, structure, material and natural frequency of the display device 10b can be Fig. 16, to which the vibration module is not attached, be the same as in the display device 10a of Fig. 15, where the vibration module is not attached.

[0148] With reference to Fig. 16, the display device 10b can receive the vibration of the vibration module 200 and output the sound. Here, the display device 10b can be a mobile electronic device such as a smartphone or an electronic pad, but is not limited to these devices. For example, the display device 10b can be an electronic accessory device or an accessory device (accessory device) capable of receiving the vibration of the vibration module 200 and outputting the sound with a sound pressure above a certain level. For example, the display device 10b can function as a vibration plate capable of receiving the vibration of the vibration module 200 and directly generating the sound (SW).

[0149] According to one embodiment, the display device 10b may have a short side parallel to the first in-plane direction (X) and a long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may be attached to a back surface (or back surface of a back cover) of the display device 10b, which includes the long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y). The vibration module 200 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may include first to sixth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260.

[0150] According to one embodiment, the fifth sub-module 250 may be located on a first surface of the first sub-module 210, and the sixth sub-module 260 may be located on a first surface of the second sub-module 220. According to another embodiment, the fifth sub-module 250 may be located on a second surface of the third sub-module 230, and the sixth sub-module 260 may be located on a second surface of the fourth sub-module 240. The fifth sub-module 250 or the sixth sub-module 260 may be adjacent to at least one of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240, but their positions are not limited to the above.

[0151] An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231 and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230 and 240 may be the same as that of the first embodiment of the Fig. 6. Thus, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be parallel to the long side direction of the display device 10b.

[0152] An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 251 and 261 in each of the fifth and sixth sub-modules 250 and 260 may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. Thus, the plurality of first sections 251 and 261 in each of the fifth and sixth sub-modules 250 and 260 may be parallel to the short side direction of the display panel 100.

[0153] Accordingly, the Fig. 16 shown display device 10b in addition to the one in Fig. 15, the display device 10a comprise the fifth and sixth sub-modules 250 and 260 and the Fig. The display device 10b shown in Fig. 16 may include the first to sixth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260 including the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, 241, 251, and 261 arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0154] Fig. 17 is a graph showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 shows the display devices.

[0155] In Fig. 17, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 17 can the Fig. 16 shown display device 10b in addition to the one in Fig. 15 may further comprise the fifth and sixth sub-modules 250 and 260. Accordingly, a natural frequency (or a natural pitch) in the display device 10a, which includes the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, may differ from a natural frequency (or a natural pitch) in the display device 10b, of which some first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 are arranged in the other direction than the other first sections 251 and 261. Accordingly, the Fig. 15 shown display device 10a and the one in Fig. 16 receive the same input signal and may have different frequency characteristics.

[0156] For example, the Fig. 15 can output sound (shown as a solid line) with a relatively high sound pressure in a frequency band of less than 1 kHz, but can output sound with a relatively low sound pressure in a frequency band of more than 1 kHz. Fig. The display device 10b shown in Figure 16 can detect sound (shown as a dotted line) with a similar sound pressure as the one shown in Fig. 15, the display device 10a can output sound in a frequency band of less than 1 kHz and can output sound with a sound pressure much higher than that of the sound of the display device 10a shown in Fig. 15, in a frequency band of more than 1 kHz.

[0157] With reference to the above Fig. 14, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 parallel to the long-side direction of the display device 10b can output sound with different frequency characteristics than the plurality of first sections 251 and 261 parallel to the short-side direction of the display device 10b. Thus, the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 parallel to the long-side direction of the display device 10b and the plurality of first sections 251 and 261 parallel to the short-side direction of the display device 10b can receive the same input signal and have different frequency characteristics.Accordingly, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of sub-modules 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, and 260 including the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, 241, 251, and 261 arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0158] Fig. 18 is a plan view illustrating a sixth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0159] With reference to Fig. 18, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be the same as that of the first embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 6 shown vibration module 200 be identical.

[0160] In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration module according to the sixth embodiment may include a plate 290 in addition to the vibration module 200 according to the first embodiment. The plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. According to an embodiment, the plate 290 may be connected to the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200, e.g., by an adhesive member. The plate 290 may transmit the vibration of the vibration module 200 to the display panel 100.Thus, the plate 290 can reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest sound range (or the lowest sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band. Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290, thereby improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0161] For example, the plate 290 may include a material including one or more of the following elements: stainless steel, aluminum (Al), a magnesium alloy (Mg alloy), a magnesium-lithium alloy, an aluminum alloy, and polycarbonate (PC). However, embodiments are not limited to these materials. As a result, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can realize the enlarged vibration range of the display panel 100 and the improved stereophonic sound effect by the plurality of first portions 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, and can improve the flatness of the sound pressure by expanding the reproduction frequency band through the use of the plate 290.

[0162] Fig. 19 is a plan view illustrating a seventh embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] With reference to Fig. 19, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be identical to that of the second embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 8 shown vibration module 200.

[0164] In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration module according to the seventh embodiment may include a plate 290 in addition to the vibration module 200 according to the second embodiment. The plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. The plate 290 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band.Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290, thereby improving the flatness of the sound pressure. As a result, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can realize the enlarged vibration range of the display panel 100 and the improved stereophonic sound effect by the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the same direction, and can improve the flatness of the sound pressure by expanding the reproduction frequency band by using the plate 290.

[0165] Fig. 20 is a plan view illustrating an eighth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0166] With reference to Fig. 20, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be identical to that of the third embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 9 shown vibration module 200.

[0167] In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the vibration module 200 according to the third embodiment, the vibration module according to the eighth embodiment may include a plate 290. The plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. The plate 290 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band.Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290 to thereby improve the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0168] As a result, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by complementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure in each of the plurality of sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include the plate 290, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by lowering the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch and expanding the reproduction frequency band.

[0169] Fig. 21 is a plan view illustrating a ninth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0170] With reference to Fig. 21, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be the same as that of the fourth embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 10 shown vibration module 200 be identical.

[0171] In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the vibration module 200 according to the fourth embodiment, the vibration module according to the ninth embodiment may include a plate 290. The plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. The plate 290 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band.Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290 to thereby improve the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0172] As a result, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by complementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure in each of the plurality of sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include the plate 290, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by lowering the lowest-pitched sound reproduction frequency and expanding the reproduction frequency band.

[0173] Fig. 22 is a plan view illustrating a tenth embodiment of a vibration module in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0174] With reference to Fig. 22, at least one vibration module 200 may comprise a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), wherein the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) may comprise first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. An arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be identical to that of the fifth embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 11 shown vibration module 200.

[0175] In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration module according to the tenth embodiment may include a plate 290 in addition to the vibration module 200 according to the fifth embodiment. The plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. The plate 290 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band.Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290 to thereby improve the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0176] As a result, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first sections 211, 221, 231, and 241 arranged in the different directions, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by complementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure in each of the plurality of sub-modules 210, 220, 230, and 240. The display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include the plate 290, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by lowering the lowest sound reproduction frequency and expanding the reproduction frequency band.

[0177] Fig. 23 is a graph showing a sound pressure level according to a structure of the plate in the Fig. 18 shows the vibration module.

[0178] In Fig. 23, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 23, the plate 290 may be located between the display panel 100 and at least one vibration module 200. The plate 290 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the vibration module 200, so that it may be possible to lower the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the lowest-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band. Accordingly, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the vibration module 200 with the plate 290, thereby improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0179] For example, a first plate 290a may have a first thickness and may include aluminum (Al). A second plate 290b may have a second thickness, which may be twice the first thickness, and may include polycarbonate (PC).

[0180] Thus, the second plate 290b can improve the mass of the vibration module 200 compared to the first plate 290a and can lower the resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 200 attached thereto. Thus, as the mass of the vibration module 200 increases, the display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can lower the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch and expand the reproduction frequency band. Sound output using the first plate 290a is shown as a solid line, and sound output using the second plate 290b is shown as a dotted line.

[0181] Fig. 24 is a plan view illustrating a first embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0182] With reference to Fig. 24, a display panel 100 may include first to third regions (A1, A2, A3). For example, the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 may correspond to a left-side region, the second region (A2) may correspond to a right-side region, and the third region (A3) may correspond to a central region. The first region and the second region (A1, A2) may be bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the central portion of the display panel 100 or the third region (A3).

[0183] The plurality of vibration modules may be located on a back surface of the display panel 100 and may vibrate the first region and the second region (A1, A2) of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the plurality of vibration modules may include first to fourth vibration modules 600, 700, 800, and 900. The first to fourth vibration modules 600, 700, 800, and 900 may include a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) comprising a plurality of sub-modules, a first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer.

[0184] The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) of the first vibration module 600 may include first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640. Each of the first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 may include a plurality of first portions 611, 621, 631, and 641 having piezoelectric characteristics and a plurality of second portions 612, 622, 632, and 642 having flexibility.

[0185] The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) of the second vibration module 700 may include first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740. Each of the first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740 may include a plurality of first portions 711, 721, 731, and 741 having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions 712, 722, 732, and 742 having flexibility.

[0186] The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) of the third vibration module 800 may include first to fourth sub-modules 810, 820, 830, and 840. Each of the first to fourth sub-modules 810, 820, 830, and 840 may include a plurality of first portions 811, 821, 831, and 841 having piezoelectric characteristics and a plurality of second portions 812, 822, 832, and 842 having flexibility.

[0187] The piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) of the fourth vibration module 900 may include first to fourth sub-modules 910, 920, 930, and 940. Each of the first to fourth sub-modules 910, 920, 930, and 940 may include a plurality of first portions 911, 921, 931, and 941 having piezoelectric characteristics and a plurality of second portions 912, 922, 932, and 942 having flexibility.

[0188] The first vibration module 600 and the second vibration module 700 may overlap the first region (A1) of the display panel 100. The first vibration module 600 and the second vibration module 700 may vibrate the first region (A1) of the display panel 100, whereby the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 may be used as the vibration plate to thereby generate sound (SW) or haptic feedback.

[0189] The third vibration module 800 and the fourth vibration module 900 may overlap the second region (A2) of the display panel 100. The third vibration module 800 and the fourth vibration module 900 may vibrate the second region (A2) of the display panel 100, whereby the second region (A2) of the display panel 100 may be used as the vibration plate to thereby generate sound (SW) or haptic feedback.

[0190] According to one embodiment, the display device 10 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 in the left-side region of the rear surface of the display panel 100, and the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 in the right-side region of the rear surface of the display panel 100, so that it may be possible to output two-channel stereo sound by separating the left-side sound and the right-side sound from each other. Accordingly, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may output the left-side sound, and the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 may output the right-side sound.

[0191] According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 and the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 may be bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the central portion of the display panel 100. For example, an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 included in the first vibration module 600 may be identical to an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 811, 821, 831, and 841 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 810, 820, 830, and 840 included in the third vibration module 800.An arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740 included in the second vibration module 700 may be identical to an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 911, 921, 931, and 941 in each of the first to fourth sub-modules 910, 920, 930, and 940 included in the fourth vibration module 900. Thus, a structure of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 will be described below, and a structure of the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 will be omitted.

[0192] For example, the first sub-module 610 and 710 in each of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be located in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), and the second sub-module 620 and 720 in each of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be located in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). The third sub-module 630 and 730 in each of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be located in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL), and the fourth sub-module 640 and 740 in each of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be located in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL).

[0193] The first vibration module 600 may overlap the first area (A1) of the display panel 100, and the second vibration module 700 may be adjacent to the first vibration module 600 in the first on-plane direction (X). The plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in the first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second on-plane direction (Y) and may be spaced from each other in the first direction (X). The plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 in the first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second on-plane direction (Y) and may be spaced from each other in the first direction (X).

[0194] Accordingly, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, 641, 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to realize the same piezoelectric characteristic and complement the vibration generated in another sub-module. As a result, the vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, 641, 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the same direction, so that it is possible to expand a vibration range of the display panel 100 and realize a stereophonic sound effect.The display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of sub-modules additionally arranged in the first direction (X) or the second direction (Y) of the vibration module 200, whereby it may be possible to realize a large-sized vibration module for a large-sized display device.

[0195] According to one embodiment, the display device 10 may further include a partition member 500 surrounding the plurality of vibration modules. The partition member 500 may include a first partition member 510 surrounding the first region (A1) of the display panel 100, a second partition member 520 surrounding the second region (A2) of the display panel 100, and a third partition member 530 surrounding the third region (A3) of the display panel 100.

[0196] The first separating element 510 may surround the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 and simultaneously be separated from the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700. The second separating element 520 may surround the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900. The third separating element 530 may be located between the first separating element 510 and the second separating element 520.Accordingly, the first separating element 510 can focus the vibration generated in the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 on the first area (A1) of the display panel 100, the second separating element 520 can focus the vibration generated in the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 on the second area (A2) of the display panel 100, and the third separating element 530 can reduce, prevent, or block the interference between the vibration generated in the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 and the vibration generated in the third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900.

[0197] Fig. 25 is a plan view illustrating a second embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0198] Here, apart from an arrangement of a first and second vibration module, which is Fig. 25 shown display device in its structure with the one in Fig. 24, which is why a description for the same parts is given only briefly or omitted.

[0199] With reference to Fig. 25, a first vibration module 600 may overlap a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and a second vibration module 700 may be adjacent to the first vibration module 600 in the second on-plane direction (Y). A plurality of first portions 611, 621, 631, and 641 in the first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second on-plane direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). A plurality of first portions 711, 721, 731, and 741 in the first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second on-plane direction (Y) and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X).

[0200] Accordingly, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, 641, 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the same direction, so that it may be possible to realize the same piezoelectric characteristic and complement the vibration generated in another sub-module. Consequently, the vibration module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, 641, 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the same direction, so that it is possible to expand a vibration range of the display panel 100 and realize a stereophonic sound effect.The display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of sub-modules additionally arranged in the first direction (X) or the second direction (Y) of the vibration module 200, whereby it may be possible to realize a large-sized vibration module for a large-sized display device.

[0201] Fig. 26 is a graph showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 24 and Fig. 25 shows the display devices.

[0202] In Fig. 26, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 26, an arrangement direction of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 differs in the Fig. 24, from an arrangement direction of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 in the Fig. 25, whereby they have different sound pressure level characteristics.

[0203] According to one embodiment, the first vibration module 600 and the second vibration module 700 can output sound such that the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 surrounded by the first partition member 510 can be used as the vibration plate. Here, the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 surrounded by the first partition member 510 can include a short side parallel to the first in-plane direction (X) and a long side parallel to the second in-plane direction (Y).

[0204] For example, in Fig. 24, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be mounted parallel to the short side direction of the first region (A1) on the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 surrounded by the first partition member 510. In the display device 10c shown in Fig. 25, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be mounted parallel to the long side direction of the first region (A1) on the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 surrounded by the first partition member 510.

[0205] At the Fig. 24, the long side of the first area (A1) of the display panel 100 may be parallel to the second direction (Y), and the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be parallel to the direction of the short side of the first area (A1) of the display panel 100. In the display device 10c shown in Fig. 25, the long side of the first area (A1) of the display panel 100 may be parallel to the second direction (Y), and the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be parallel to the long side direction of the first area (A1) of the display panel 100.

[0206] Accordingly, a vibration range of the first area (A1) in the Fig. 24 compared to a vibration range of the first area (A1) in the display device 10c shown in Fig. 23 shown display device 10d can be relatively enlarged and the flatness of the sound pressure can be increased at the Fig. 24. Here, the sound pressure level characteristics of the display devices 10c and 10d can be determined based on the structural properties of the first region (A1) of the display panel 100, which functions as a vibration plate, and the arrangement direction of the piezoelectric material in the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700. As a result, in a frequency band of 1 kHz or more than 1 kHz, the flatness of the sound pressure can be increased at the Fig. 24 compared to the flatness of the sound pressure in the display device 10c shown in Fig. 25. A sound output using the display device 10c shown is shown as a solid line, and a sound output using the display device 10d is shown as a dotted line.

[0207] Fig. 27 is a plan view illustrating a third embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0208] With reference to Fig. 27, a display device 10e may include a first vibration module 600 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100 and a third vibration module 800 overlapping a second area (A2) of the display panel 100. A plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). An arrangement direction in a plurality of first sections 811, 821, 831 and 841 of the third vibration module 800 may be identical to an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631 and 641 of the first vibration module 600.

[0209] Fig. 28 is a plan view illustrating a fourth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0210] Referring to Fig. 28, a display device 10f may include a first vibration module 600 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100 and a third vibration module 800 overlapping a second area (A2) of the display panel 100. The display device 10f may include, in addition to the vibration module shown in Fig. 27 may further comprise plates 650 and 850.

[0211] The plate 650 may be located between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the first vibration module 600. The plate 650 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the vibration module 600 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the first vibration module 600, so that it may be possible to reduce the lowest-pitch sound range (or the lowest-pitch sound reproduction frequency), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the first vibration module 600 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band. Accordingly, the display device 10f according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the first vibration module 600 with the plate 650, thereby improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0212] Fig. 29 is a plan view illustrating a fifth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0213] With reference to Fig. 29, a display device 10g may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area (A2) of the display panel 100. The first vibration module 600 may overlap the first area (A1) of the display panel 100, and the second vibration module 700 may overlap the first area (A1) of the display panel 100 and, at the same time, be arranged alternately or diagonally with the first vibration module 600.

[0214] A plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in first to fourth sub-modules 610, 620, 630, and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). A plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 in first to fourth sub-modules 710, 720, 730, and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane and be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (X). For example, a left-side upper vertex of the first sub-module 710 of the second vibration module 700 may be in contact with a right-side lower vertex of the fourth sub-module 640 of the first vibration module 600.According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged along a diagonal of the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y), whereby it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first region (A1) of the display device 10g and improve the sound pressure level characteristic of the display device 10g.

[0215] According to one embodiment, the Fig. 24, the display device 10c comprises the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 arranged in the first direction (X) and which are shown in Fig. 25 includes the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 arranged in the second direction (Y). Accordingly, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700, which have a parallel arrangement structure, can increase the vibration range in the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and improve the sound pressure level characteristic of the low-pitched sound reproduction range of the display panel 100 shown in Fig. 24 and Fig. 25 shown display devices 10c and 10d.

[0216] The Fig. The display device 10g shown in Figure 29 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 arranged diagonally in the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y). Compared to the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the parallel arrangement structure, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure can realize a larger vibration area in the first region (A1) of the display panel 100. Thus, the vibration area shown in Fig. 29, the display device 10g has an improved sound pressure level characteristic compared to the Fig. 24 and Fig. 25. The diagonal arrangement structure of the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 can achieve similar efficiency compared to the multiple vibration modules arranged in a 2×2 structure of the first area (A1) of the display panel 100. Accordingly, the number of vibration modules provided to vibrate the first area (A1) of the display panel 100 can be reduced by half.

[0217] Fig. 30 is a plan view illustrating a sixth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0218] With reference to Fig. 30, a display device 10h may comprise first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area (A2) of the display panel 100. The display device 10h may, in addition to the Fig. 29 further comprise plates 750 and 950.

[0219] The plate 750 may be located between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700. The plate 750 may lower a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the second vibration module 700, so that it may be possible to lower the sound range with the lowest pitch (or the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch), enabling reproduction of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and expanding the reproduction frequency band.

[0220] According to one embodiment, the second vibration module 700 including the plate 750 may have a relatively increased mass, thereby relatively reducing the resonant frequency of the display panel 100. The first vibration module 600 without the plate may have a relatively reduced mass, thereby relatively increasing the resonant frequency of the display panel 100. Thus, the piezoelectric characteristic in the first vibration module 600 without the plate may differ from the piezoelectric characteristic in the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750. For example, the first vibration module 600 without the plate may improve the sound pressure of a high-pitch audio reproduction tape, and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750 may improve the sound pressure of the low-pitch audio reproduction tape.Thus, the first vibration module 600 without a plate and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750 can receive the same input signal and output sound with different frequency characteristics. Accordingly, the display device 10h according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 with different piezoelectric characteristics, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by complementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0221] Fig. 31 is a graph showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 shown display device.

[0222] In Fig. 31, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 31 can be Fig. 28, in addition to the display device 10f shown in Fig. 27, the display device 10e may further comprise the plate 650, whereby the sound pressure level characteristic curve at the Fig. 28 shown display device 10f of the sound pressure level characteristic at the Fig. 27. For example, since the plate may not be in the position shown in Fig. 27, the mass of the first vibration module 600 can be relatively reduced, so that it may be possible to relatively increase the resonance frequency of the display device 10e. Since the plate 650 in the Fig. 28, the mass of the first vibration module 600 may be relatively increased, so that it may be possible to relatively decrease the resonance frequency of the display device 10f.

[0223] According to one embodiment, the Fig. 27 shown display device 10e and the one in Fig. 28 can receive the same input signal and output sound with different frequency characteristics. For example, the difference (DV1) between the maximum sound pressure and the minimum sound pressure at the Fig. 27, the display device 10e of the difference (DV2) between the maximum sound pressure and the minimum sound pressure at the Fig. 28. Accordingly, a piezoelectric characteristic may be similar to the display device 10f shown in Fig. 27 shown display device 10e of a piezoelectric characteristic in the Fig. 28, so that it may be possible to supplement the frequency characteristics. A sound output using the display device 10f is shown as a solid line, and a sound output using the display device 10 is shown as a dotted line.

[0224] Fig. 32 is a graph showing a sound pressure level of the Fig. 29 and Fig. 30 shown display device.

[0225] In Fig. 32, the x-axis is the frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the y-axis is the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB). With reference to Fig. 32 can be found in Fig. 30 shown display device 10h in addition to the one in Fig. 29 further comprise the plates 750 and 950, whereby the sound pressure level characteristic curve at the Fig. 30 shown display device 10h of the sound pressure level characteristic at the Fig. 29. According to one embodiment, the display device 10g shown in Fig. 29 may comprise the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having a diagonal arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first region (A1) of the display device 10. Thus, the vibration range shown in Fig. 29, the display device 10g can realize a similar effect using a small number of vibration modules as in the case of a large number of vibration modules.

[0226] For example, the Fig. 29 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to measure the sound pressure in the entire frequency band compared to the display devices 10e and 10f shown in Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 and comprise only one of the first vibration module 600. Thus, the Fig. 29, the indicator device 10g can output sound which has a relatively high sound pressure and other frequency characteristics compared to the Fig. 27 and Fig. 28. The difference (DV3) between the maximum sound pressure and the minimum sound pressure at the Fig. However, the display device 10g shown in Fig. 29 can be assigned to the difference (DV1, DV2) between the maximum sound pressure and the minimum sound pressure in each of the Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 may be similar to the display devices 10e and 10f shown.

[0227] To output sound which is compared to that in each of the display devices 10e, 10f and 10g shown in Fig. 27 to 29, has a relatively higher flatness, the Fig. Thus, the display device 10h shown in FIG. 30 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure, and may further include the plate 750 between the first region (A1) of the display panel and the second vibration module 700. Accordingly, the second vibration module 700 including the plate 750 may have a relatively increased mass, so that it may be possible to relatively reduce the resonance frequency of the display panel 100. Meanwhile, the first vibration module 600 without the plate may have the relatively reduced mass, so that it may be possible to relatively increase the resonance frequency of the display panel 100. For example, the first vibration module 600 without the plate may improve the sound pressure of the high-pitch sound reproduction band, and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750 may improve the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band.Accordingly, the display device 10h according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 arranged in the diagonal, and may further include the plate 750 arranged between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0228] As a result, the difference (DV4) of the maximum sound pressure and the minimum sound pressure at the Fig. 30 compared to the difference (DV1, DV2 and DV3) between the maximum sound pressure and minimum sound pressure in each of the display devices 10e, 10f and 10g shown in Fig. 27 to 29, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure. A sound output using the display device 10h is shown as a solid line, and a sound output using the display device 10 is shown as a dotted line.

[0229] Fig. 33 is a plan view illustrating a seventh embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0230] With reference to Fig.33, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged in a diagonal of the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y), so that it may be possible to enlarge a vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10, thereby improving the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0231] A plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 in the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane. Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the first vibration module 600, which includes the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 arranged in the second direction (Y), may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the second vibration module 700, which includes the plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0232] Thus, the Fig. 33 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first area (A1). Thus, the display device 10 shown in Fig. 33, which uses a small number of vibration modules, can achieve a similar effect to the case where a large number of vibration modules are used. In the display device shown in Fig. 33, an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 included in the first vibration module 600 may be different from an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 included in the second vibration module 700, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0233] Fig. 34 is a plan view illustrating an eighth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] With reference to Fig. 34, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area (A2) of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged in the second direction (Y), so that it may be possible to enlarge a vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10, thereby improving the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0235] A plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 in the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 in the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane. Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the first vibration module 600, which includes the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 arranged in the second direction (Y), may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the second vibration module 700, which includes the plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0236] Thus, the Fig. 34 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the parallel arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first region (A1). Thus, the display device 10 shown in Fig. 34, which uses a small number of vibration modules, can achieve a similar effect to the case where a large number of vibration modules are used. Fig. 34, an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 611, 621, 631, and 641 included in the first vibration module 600 may be different from an arrangement direction in the plurality of first sections 711, 721, 731, and 741 included in the second vibration module 700, so that it may be possible to improve the flatness of the sound pressure by supplementing the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure.

[0237] Fig. 35 is a plan view illustrating a ninth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0238] With reference to Fig. 35, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged in the second direction (Y), so that it may be possible to enlarge a vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10, thereby improving the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0239] According to one embodiment, a plurality of first sections 611 and 631 in first and third sub-modules 610 and 630 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711 and 731 in first and third sub-modules 710 and 730 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane. A plurality of first sections 621 and 641 in second and fourth sub-modules 620 and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 721 and 741 in the second and fourth sub-modules 720 and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane.Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711 and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721 and 741 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0240] The display device 10 may further include a plate 750 between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700. The plate 750 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the second vibration module 700.

[0241] Thus, the Fig. 35 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the parallel arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first area (A1). Thus, the display device 10 shown in Fig. 35, which uses a small number of vibration modules, can achieve a similar effect to the case where a large number of vibration modules are used. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Figure 35 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711, and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) and the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721, and 741 arranged in the first direction (X), so that it may be possible to complement the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Fig. 35 may further include the first vibration module 600 without the plate and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750, whereby it may be possible to lower the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0242] Fig. 36 is a plan view illustrating a tenth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0243] With reference to Fig. 36, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged in the first direction (X), so that it may be possible to enlarge a vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10, thereby improving the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0244] According to one embodiment, a plurality of first sections 611 and 631 in first and third sub-modules 610 and 630 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711 and 731 in first and third sub-modules 710 and 730 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane. A plurality of first sections 621 and 641 in second and fourth sub-modules 620 and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 721 and 741 in second and fourth sub-modules 720 and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane.Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711 and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721 and 741 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0245] The display device 10 may further include a plate 750 between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700. The plate 750 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the second vibration module 700.

[0246] Thus, the Fig. 36 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the parallel arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first region (A1). Thus, the display device 10 shown in Fig. 36, which uses a small number of vibration modules, can achieve a similar effect to the case where a large number of vibration modules are used. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Fig. 36 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711, and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) and the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721, and 741 arranged in the first direction (X), so that it may be possible to supplement the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Fig. 36 may further include the first vibration module 600 without the plate and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750, whereby it may be possible to lower the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0247] Fig. 37 is a plan view illustrating an eleventh embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0248] With reference to Fig. 37, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged along a diagonal of the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y), whereby it may be possible to increase the vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10 and improve the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0249] According to one embodiment, a plurality of first sections 611 and 641 in first and fourth sub-modules 610 and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711 and 741 in first and fourth sub-modules 710 and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane. A plurality of first sections 621 and 641 in second and third sub-modules 620 and 630 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 721 and 731 in second and third sub-modules 720 and 730 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane.Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 611, 641, 711 and 741 arranged in the second direction (Y) may be different from the piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 621, 631, 721 and 731 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0250] The display device 10 may further include a plate 750 between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700. The plate 750 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the second vibration module 700.

[0251] Thus, the Fig. 37 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first area (A1). Thus, the Fig. 37, the display device shown can realize the similar effect as in the case of using a small number of vibration modules. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Figure 37 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 641, 711, and 741 arranged in the second direction (Y) and the plurality of first sections 621, 631, 721, and 731 arranged in the first direction (X), so that it may be possible to complement the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Fig. 37 may also include the first vibration module 600 without the plate and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750, whereby it may be possible to lower the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0252] Fig. 38 is a plan view illustrating a twelfth embodiment of a plurality of vibration modules in a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0253] With reference to Fig. 38, a display device 10 may include first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 overlapping a first area (A1) of a display panel 100, and third and fourth vibration modules 800 and 900 overlapping a second area of the display panel 100. According to one embodiment, the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 may be arranged along a diagonal of the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y), whereby it may be possible to increase the vibration area in the first area (A1) of the display device 10 and improve the sound pressure level characteristics of the display device 10.

[0254] According to one embodiment, a plurality of first sections 611 and 631 in first and third sub-modules 610 and 630 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 711 and 731 in first and third sub-modules 710 and 730 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the second direction (Y) on the plane. A plurality of first sections 621 and 641 in the second and fourth sub-modules 620 and 640 of the first vibration module 600 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane, and a plurality of first sections 721 and 741 in the second and fourth sub-modules 720 and 740 of the second vibration module 700 may extend in the first direction (X) on the plane.Thus, a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711 and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) may differ from a piezoelectric characteristic in the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721 and 741 arranged in the first direction (X).

[0255] The display device 10 may further include a plate 750 between the first region (A1) of the display panel 100 and the second vibration module 700. The plate 750 may reduce a resonance frequency of the display panel 100 with the second vibration module 700 attached thereto by increasing a mass of the second vibration module 700.

[0256] Thus, the Fig. 38 may include the first and second vibration modules 600 and 700 having the diagonal arrangement structure, so that it may be possible to enlarge the vibration range in the first area (A1). Thus, the display device 10 shown in Fig. 38, which uses a small number of vibration modules, can achieve a similar effect to the case where a large number of vibration modules are used. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Figure 38 may include the plurality of first sections 611, 631, 711, and 731 arranged in the second direction (Y) and the plurality of first sections 621, 641, 721, and 741 arranged in the first direction (X), so that it may be possible to supplement the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure. Fig. The display device 10 shown in Fig. 38 may also include the first vibration module 600 without the plate and the second vibration module 700 with the plate 750, whereby it may be possible to lower the sound reproduction frequency with the lowest pitch, thereby improving the sound pressure of the low-pitch sound reproduction band and improving the flatness of the sound pressure.

[0257] The display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to a mobile device, a videophone, a smartwatch, a watchphone, a wearable device, a foldable device, a rollable device, a bendable device, a flexible device, a transparent display device, a curved device, an electronic notebook, an electronic book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an MP3 player, a mobile medical device, a desktop PC, a laptop PC, a netbook computer, a wearable computer, a workstation, a navigation, a vehicle navigation, a vehicle display device, a television, a wallpaper, a signage device, a game device, a lighting device, a notebook, a monitor, a camera, a camcorder, and a home appliance.Embodiments are not limited to these examples.

[0258] A display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described as follows.

[0259] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device may include: a display panel configured to display an image; and at least one vibration module on a back surface of the display panel, wherein the at least one vibration module comprises: a piezoelectric composite layer including a plurality of sub-modules configured to vibrate the display panel, each of the plurality of sub-modules including a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first portions. The plurality of first portions in the respective sub-modules may be arranged in the same direction or may be partially arranged in different directions.

[0260] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first sections may include an inflexible inorganic material, and the plurality of second sections may include a flexible organic material. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the flexible organic material may be configured to absorb shock applied to the inflexible inorganic material or to the display device.

[0261] For example, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further comprise an adhesive member between the display panel and the at least one vibration module, and an adhesive strength of the adhesive member over the plurality of second portions may be greater than an adhesive strength of the adhesive member over the plurality of first portions. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first portions in each of the plurality of sub-modules may extend in a first on-plane direction or may extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0262] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of sub-modules may include a first sub-module, a second sub-module, a third sub-module, and a fourth sub-module, and the first to fourth sub-modules may be arranged in a 2x2 arrangement. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first sections in the first to fourth sub-modules may be arranged in the same direction. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the first and second sub-modules may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the third and fourth sub-modules.For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the first and third sub-modules may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the second and fourth sub-modules. For example, the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plate between the display panel and the at least one vibration module.

[0263] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device may include: a display panel having a first and a second region, the display panel configured to display an image, and a plurality of vibration modules on a back surface of the display panel, the plurality of vibration modules configured to vibrate the first region and the second region, each of the plurality of vibration modules comprising a piezoelectric composite layer comprising a plurality of sub-modules, each of the plurality of sub-modules comprising a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first portions.The plurality of first sections in the respective sub-modules may be arranged in the same direction or may be partially arranged in different directions.

[0264] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration modules may include a first vibration module overlapping the first region, a second vibration module overlapping the first region and arranged alternately or diagonally with the first vibration module, a third vibration module overlapping the second region, and a fourth vibration module overlapping the second region and arranged alternately or diagonally with the third vibration module.For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the third vibration module, and an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module may be identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the fourth vibration module.

[0265] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in each of the first and second vibration modules may be arranged in the same direction. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the first to fourth vibration modules may include a first sub-module in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a second sub-module in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a third sub-module in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, and a fourth sub-module in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.

[0266] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the first and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the second and third sub-modules in the first vibration module. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

[0267] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration modules may include a first vibration module overlapping the first region and a second vibration module adjacent to the first vibration module in a vertical direction on the plane, a third vibration module overlapping the second region and a fourth vibration module adjacent to the third vibration module in a vertical direction on the plane.

[0268] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the first to fourth vibration modules may include a first sub-module in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a second sub-module in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a third sub-module in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, and a fourth sub-module in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

[0269] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration modules may include a first vibration module overlapping the first region and a second vibration module adjacent to the first vibration module in a horizontal direction on the plane, a third vibration module overlapping the second region and a fourth vibration module adjacent to the third vibration module in a horizontal direction on the plane.For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the first to fourth vibration modules may include a first sub-module in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a second sub-module in a right-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, a third sub-module in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer, and a fourth sub-module in a right-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer. For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module may be different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

[0270] For example, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration modules may include a first vibration module overlapping the first region, a second vibration module, a third vibration module overlapping the second region, and a fourth vibration module. A plate may be disposed between the display panel and each of the second to fourth vibration modules.

[0271] The various embodiments described above may be combined to create further embodiments."

[0272] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the technical spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover the modifications and variations of the disclosure, provided they fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

[1] Display device comprising: a display panel (100) configured to display an image and extending in a first direction (X) and in a second direction (Y) perpendicular to the first direction (X); at least one vibration module (200) on a back surface of the display panel (100), wherein the at least one vibration module (200) comprises a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) comprising a plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) configured to vibrate the display panel (100), each of the plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) comprising: a plurality of first sections (211) having a piezoelectric characteristic; and a plurality of second sections (212) having flexibility, each of the plurality of second sections (212) being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first sections (211), wherein the plurality of first sections (211) in each of the plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) extend in the first direction (X) on a plane or extend in the second direction (Y), wherein the plurality of first sections (211) in the respective sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) extend partially in different directions. [2] A display device according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of first sections (211) contain an inflexible inorganic material, and the plurality of second sections (212) contain a flexible organic material. [3] The display device of claim 2, wherein the flexible organic material is configured to absorb shocks applied to the inflexible inorganic material or to the display device. [4] The display device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, further comprising an adhesive member (150) between the display panel (100) and the at least one vibration module (200), wherein an adhesive strength of the adhesive member (150) over the plurality of second portions (212) is greater than an adhesive strength of the adhesive member (150) over the plurality of first portions (211). [5] The display device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) comprise a first sub-module (210); a second sub-module (220); a third sub-module (230); and a fourth sub-module (240), the first to fourth sub-modules (210, 220, 230, 240) being in a 2×2 arrangement. [6] The display device according to claim 5, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (211) in the first and second sub-modules (210, 220) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (211) in the third and fourth sub-modules (230, 240); or wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (211) in the first and third sub-modules (210, 230) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (211) in the second and fourth sub-modules (220, 240). [7] A display device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a plate (20a) between the display panel (100) and the at least one vibration module (200). [8] Display device comprising: a display panel (100) having a first and a second area (A1, A2), the display panel (100) being adapted to display an image; and a plurality of vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) on a back surface of the display panel (100), wherein the plurality of vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) are configured to vibrate the first region and the second region (A1, A2), wherein each of the plurality of vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) comprises a piezoelectric composite layer (PCL) each comprising a plurality of sub-modules (610, 620, 630, 640), wherein the plurality of sub-modules (610, 620, 630, 640) comprise: a plurality of first sections (611) having a piezoelectric characteristic; and a plurality of second sections (612) having flexibility, each of the plurality of second sections (612) being located between a respective pair of the plurality of first sections (611), wherein the plurality of first sections (611) in the respective sub-modules (610, 620, 630, 640) are arranged in the same direction or partially in different directions; wherein the plurality of vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) comprise: a first vibration module (600) overlapping the first region (A1); a second vibration module (700) overlapping the first region (A1) and arranged alternately or diagonally with the first vibration module (600); a third vibration module (700) overlapping the second region (A2); and a fourth vibration module (800) overlapping the second region (A2) and arranged alternately or diagonally with the third vibration module (700). [9] A display device according to claim 8, wherein: an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611) in the plurality of sub-modules (610) in the first vibration module (600) is identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (811) in the plurality of sub-modules (810) in the third vibration module (800); and an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (711) in the plurality of sub-modules (710) in the second vibration module (700) is identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (911) in the plurality of sub-modules (910) in the fourth vibration module (900). [10] The display device according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of first sections (611, 711) in the plurality of sub-modules (610, 710) in each of the first and second vibration modules (600, 700) are arranged in the same direction. [11] A display device according to claim 8, 9, or 10, wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) comprises: a first sub-module (610, 710, 810, 910) in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL); a second sub-module (620, 720, 820, 920) in a right-hand upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL); a third sub-module (630, 730, 830, 930) in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL); and a fourth sub-module (640, 740, 840, 940) in a right-hand lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer (PCL). [12] The display device according to claim 8, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 641) in the first and fourth sub-modules (610, 640) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (621, 631) in the second and third sub-modules (620, 630) in the first vibration module (600); or an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 631) in the first and third sub-modules (610, 630) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (621, 641) in the second and fourth sub-modules (620, 640) in the first vibration module (600). [13] The display device according to claim 8, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 621, 631, 641) in the plurality of sub-modules (610, 620, 630, 640) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (711, 721, 731, 741) in the plurality of sub-modules (710, 720, 730, 740) in the second vibration module (700). [14] Display device according to claim 8, wherein the second vibration module (700) is arranged adjacent to the first vibration module (600) in a vertical direction on the plane; wherein the fourth vibration module (900) is arranged adjacent to the third vibration module (800) in a vertical direction on the plane. [15] The display device according to claim 14, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 621, 631, 641) in the plurality of sub-modules (610, 620, 630, 640) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (711, 721, 731, 741) in the plurality of sub-modules (710, 720, 730, 740) in the second vibration module (700). [16] The display device according to claim 14, wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) comprises: a first sub-module (610, 710, 810, 910) in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; a second sub-module (620, 720, 820, 920) in a right-hand upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; a third sub-module (630, 730, 830, 930) in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; and a fourth sub-module (640, 740, 840, 940) in a right-hand lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer. [17] The display device according to claim 16, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 631) in the first and third sub-modules (610, 630) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (621, 641) in the second and fourth sub-modules (620, 640) in the first vibration module (600). [18] Display device according to claim 8, wherein the second vibration module (700) is arranged adjacent to the first vibration module (600) in a horizontal direction on the plane; wherein the fourth vibration module (900) is arranged adjacent to the third vibration module (800) in a horizontal direction on the plane. [19] The display device according to claim 18, wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules (600, 700, 800, 900) comprises: a first sub-module (610, 710, 810, 910) in a left-side upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; a second sub-module (620, 720, 820, 920) in a right-hand upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; a third sub-module (630, 730, 830, 930) in a left-side lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; and a fourth sub-module (640, 740, 840, 940) in a right-hand lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer. [20] The display device according to claim 19, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (611, 631) in the first and third sub-modules (610, 630) in the first vibration module (600) is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first sections (621, 641) in the second and fourth sub-modules (620, 640) in the first vibration module (600). [21] The display device according to claim 8, wherein a plate (750, 950) is disposed between the display panel (100) and each of the second to fourth vibration modules (700, 900).

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