HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE

Abstract

Heat pump system for a vehicle, comprising: a cooling device (10) comprising a radiator (12), a first pump (14), a first valve (V1), a second valve (V2) and a storage tank (16) connected to each other by a coolant line (11) to circulate a coolant in the coolant line (11) to cool at least one electrical component (15) arranged on the coolant line (11); a battery cooling device (20) comprising a battery coolant line (21) connected to the coolant line (11) via the first valve (V1), and a second pump (22) and a battery module (24) connected to each other via the battery coolant line (21) to circulate the coolant in the battery module (24);a refrigeration unit (30) arranged on the battery coolant line (21) between the first valve (V1) and the battery module (24) and connected to a refrigerant line (51) of an air conditioning system (50) via a refrigerant connection line (61) to adjust the temperature of the coolant by performing a heat exchange between the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line (21) and a refrigerant selectively supplied by the air conditioning system (50); a heating device (40) comprising a heating line (41) connected to the coolant line (11) via the second valve (V2) to heat a vehicle interior using a coolant, and a third pump (42) and a heater (52a) arranged on the heating line (41);a branch line (18) having a first end section connected to the coolant line (11) between the second valve (V2) and the radiator (12), and a second end section connected to the first valve (V1); and a refrigeration unit connection line (31) connecting the refrigeration unit (30) and the first valve (V1) separately from the battery coolant line (21); wherein the storage tank (16) is arranged between the radiator (12) and the first valve (V1) on the coolant line (11) and is connected to the coolant line (11) connecting the first valve (V1) and the first pump (14) by a supply line (17) bypassing the first valve (V1); and wherein a condenser (53) encompassed by the air conditioning unit (50) is connected to the heating line (41) to pass on the coolant circulating through the heating device (40).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of invention The present invention relates to a heat pump system for a vehicle. More specifically, the present invention relates to a heat pump system for a vehicle that adjusts the temperature of a battery module by using a refrigeration unit that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant and improves thermal efficiency by utilizing the waste heat generated by an electrical component. Description of the related technology In general, an air conditioning system for a vehicle has an air conditioning system for circulating a coolant to heat or cool the interior of the vehicle. Such an air conditioning system maintains a comfortable interior environment regardless of external temperature changes by keeping the vehicle's interior temperature at a suitable level. This is achieved through heat exchange via a condenser (also called a condenser) and an evaporator (evaporator) during a process in which a refrigerant, delivered by the operation of a compressor, circulates back to the compressor after passing through the condenser, a receiver-drier, an expansion valve, and the evaporator (evaporator). That is, in summer, the air conditioning system condenses a gaseous refrigerant at a high temperature and under high pressure in a cooling mode, which is compressed by the compressor to reduce the temperature and humidity of the vehicle's interior by evaporation in the evaporator through the receiver dryer and the expansion valve. Meanwhile, in recent years, with increased interest in energy efficiency and pollution reduction, there has been a need to develop environmentally friendly vehicles designed to essentially replace internal combustion engine vehicles. These environmentally friendly vehicles are typically fuel cell or electric vehicles powered by electricity, or hybrid vehicles powered by a combination of an engine (e.g., an internal combustion engine and / or electric motor) and a battery. Of the environmentally friendly vehicles, the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle does not use a separate heater, unlike the air conditioning system of a conventional vehicle, and the air conditioning system used in the environmentally friendly vehicle is called a heat pump system. On the other hand, in the case of the electric vehicle, the energy from a chemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen is converted into electrical energy to generate propulsion. In this process, since thermal energy is generated by the chemical reaction in the fuel cell, effective removal of the generated heat is essential to ensure the fuel cell's performance. Furthermore, even in the hybrid vehicle, an electric motor is operated using electricity supplied by the fuel cell or an electric battery, together with an internal combustion engine that runs on ordinary fuel to generate the driving force, and as a result, the performance of the electric motor can only be ensured by effectively removing the heat generated by the fuel cell or battery and the electric motor. As a result, in the hybrid vehicle or the electric vehicle, a battery cooling system with a separate sealing circuit, along with a radiator and the heat pump system, must be designed separately to prevent heat generation in the electric motor and electrical components and the battery, including the fuel cell. Accordingly, the size and weight of a cooling module located in the front of the vehicle increase, and the layout of connecting lines that supply the refrigerant and coolant to the heat pump system, radiator, and battery cooling system in an engine compartment becomes complicated. Furthermore, the battery cooling system, which heats or cools the battery according to the vehicle's condition to ensure optimal battery performance, is provided separately. As a result, a number of valves are used to connect to the corresponding connecting lines, and noise and vibration due to frequent opening and closing of the valves are transmitted to the vehicle's interior, thus reducing driving comfort. The background information included in this section of the present invention is provided solely to enhance understanding of the general background of the present invention and cannot be considered an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that this information represents the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. DE 10 2019 130 748 A1 discloses a heat pump system for a vehicle, comprising a cooling device with a radiator, a first water pump, a first valve and an expansion tank, which are connected by a coolant line and are arranged such that a coolant circulates in the coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling device, which is arranged to have a battery coolant line connected to the expansion tank via a second valve, and a second water pump and a battery module, which are connected via the battery coolant line to circulate the coolant into the battery module; and a heating device, which has a heating line connected to the coolant line via a third valve to heat a vehicle interior using a coolant and a third water pump.which are provided in the heating line, and which has a heating device. DE 10 2020 105 801 A1 discloses a thermal management system and an integrated thermal management module for a vehicle, wherein the thermal management system comprises: a battery line connected to a high-voltage battery core, equipped with a first radiator, and through which coolant is transferred by a first pump; an interior heating line connected to a heating core for interior air conditioning, equipped therein with a hydrothermal heating device, equipped with a second pump for fluid transfer of the coolant, and equipped with a first valve at a downstream point of the heating core; a first and a second battery heating line branched off or connected at the downstream point of the heating core in the interior heating line to connect with the upstream point, respectively.to be connected to the downstream point of the high-voltage battery core, and a refrigerant line equipped with an expansion valve, a cooling core for interior air conditioning, a compressor and a condenser. DE 10 2020 119 339 A1 discloses a heat pump system for a vehicle, comprising: a cooling device comprising a radiator, a first water pump, a first valve and a reservoir, which are connected to each other via a coolant line, wherein the cooling device is configured to circulate a coolant in the coolant line in order to cool at least one electrical component; a battery cooling device comprising a battery coolant line, which is connected to the coolant line via a second valve, and a second water pump and a battery module, which are connected to each other via the battery coolant line; a heating device comprising a heating line, which is connected to the coolant line via a third valve, and a third water pump, which is provided in the heating line; an air conditioning system comprising a condenser, which is connected to the heating line, and a radiator.which is provided in the battery coolant line between the second valve and the battery module. QUICK OVERVIEW The present invention is based on the objective of providing a heat pump system for a vehicle that adjusts the temperature of a battery module using a refrigeration machine that performs a heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant and improves heating efficiency by using waste heat generated by an electrical component. To solve this problem, the invention provides a heat pump system for a vehicle according to claim 1. Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. In other words, the present invention provides a heat pump system for a vehicle, comprising: a cooling device configured to have a radiator, a first water pump, a first valve, a second valve, and a reservoir connected by a coolant line, and circulating a coolant in the coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided on the coolant line; a battery cooling device configured to have a battery coolant line connected to the coolant line via the first valve, and a second water pump and a battery module connected by the battery coolant line to circulate the coolant in the battery module;a refrigeration unit arranged on the battery coolant line between the first valve and the battery module, and connected to an air conditioning refrigerant line via a refrigerant connecting line to adjust the coolant temperature by performing a heat exchange between the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line and a refrigerant selectively supplied by the air conditioning system; a heating device comprising a heating line connected to the coolant line through the second valve to heat a vehicle interior using a refrigerant, and a third water pump and heater arranged on the heating line; a branch line comprising a first end section connected to the coolant line between the second valve and the radiator, and a second end section connected to the first valve;and a refrigeration unit connecting line that connects the refrigeration unit and the first valve separately from the battery coolant line, wherein the reservoir is arranged on the coolant line between the radiator and the first valve and is connected to the coolant line that connects the first valve and the first water pump through the supply line, and wherein a condenser encompassed by the air conditioning system (in other words, contained within the air conditioning system) is connected to the heating line to pass on the coolant circulating through the heating device. The first valve may have: a first port connected to the coolant line connected to the reservoir tank; a second port connected to the coolant line connected to the first water pump; a third port connected to the chiller connection line; a fourth port connected to the branch line; a fifth port connected to the battery coolant line connected to the chiller; and a sixth port connected to the battery coolant line connected to the second water pump. The first valve can be operated to discharge the coolant through a port adjacent to a port into which the coolant is introduced, from the first port, the second port, the third port, the fourth port, the fifth port, and the sixth port. The air conditioning system may include: a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) module designed to include an evaporator connected to it via the refrigerant line and a damper designed to control outside air passing through the evaporator (e.g., flowing through it or being directed through it), so that it is selectively introduced into the heater depending on a cooling mode, a heating mode, and a heating and dehumidifying mode of the vehicle; a condenser (also called a condenser) located on (e.g., in) the heater line between the second valve and the heater to circulate a refrigerant in order to perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and a refrigerant supplied through the refrigerant line; a compressor connected through the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the condenser (e.g.,connected in between); a heat exchanger located on (e.g. in) the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator; a first expansion valve located in the refrigerant line between the heat exchanger and the evaporator; a second expansion valve located in the refrigerant connection line; an accumulator (e.g. a pressure accumulator) located on the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor and connected to the refrigerant connection line; and a third expansion valve located in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can additionally condense or evaporate the refrigerant that has condensed in the condenser through heat exchange with the outside air, depending on the selective operation of the third expansion valve. The second expansion valve can expand the refrigerant that is introduced through the refrigerant connection line so that it flows to the chiller when the battery module is cooled by means of the refrigerant, and the third expansion valve can selectively expand the refrigerant that is introduced into the heat exchanger in the heating mode and a low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle. A first end section of the refrigerant connection line can be connected between the heat exchanger and the first expansion valve with the refrigerant line, and a second end section of the refrigerant connection line can be connected to the accumulator. The refrigeration unit and the condenser can each be a water-cooled heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger can be an air-cooled heat exchanger. The HVAC module may further include an air heater which, with respect to the heater located between the air heater and the evaporator, is positioned on a side facing away from the evaporator in order to selectively heat the outside air passing through the heater (e.g., flowing through it or being directed through it). The air heater can be operated to increase the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater when the temperature of a coolant supplied to the heater is lower than a target temperature for internal heating. When the battery module is cooled in the vehicle's cooling mode, the coolant in the cooling unit can be circulated in the coolant line by operating the first water pump, and the supply line can be opened; the branch line and the chiller connection line can be closed by operating the first valve; the coolant line and the battery coolant line can form independent closed circuits by operating the first valve; in the battery cooling unit, the coolant passing through the chiller can be supplied to the battery module along the battery coolant line by operating the second water pump; in the heating unit, the coolant line and the heating line can be connected by operating the second valve, so that coolant is supplied from the cooling unit;In the air conditioning system, when the refrigerant connection line is open by operation of the second expansion valve, the refrigerant can circulate along the refrigerant line and the refrigerant connection line; the first and second expansion valves can expand the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator and the chiller accordingly; and the third expansion valve can allow the refrigerant supplied from the condenser to flow into the heat exchanger. The heating device can supply the coolant supplied by the cooling device to the condenser by operating the third water pump, and the condenser can condense the refrigerant through heat exchange with the coolant, and the heat exchanger can additionally condense the refrigerant supplied by the condenser through heat exchange with the outside air. When waste heat from an external heat source and the electrical component is recovered in the vehicle's heating mode, the branch line and the chiller connection line can be opened by operating the first valve, and the supply line can be opened; in the cooling device, a section of the coolant lines connected to the radiator and the reservoir can be closed due to the branch line, and the coolant passing through the electrical component can circulate along the open branch line and an open section of the coolant line by operating the first water pump, without passing through the radiator; the coolant introduced into the first valve through the branch line can be introduced into the chiller along a section of the battery coolant line connecting the chiller and the first valve;The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit can be introduced into the first valve along the open refrigeration unit connection line and can then circulate in the refrigerant line connected to the electrical component via the first valve; the refrigerant line and the heating line can form independent closed circuits through appropriate operation of the second valve; in the heating device, the refrigerant can circulate along the heating line through operation of the third water pump; in the air conditioning system, the refrigerant line connecting the condenser and the evaporator can be closed by operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant connection line can be opened by operation of the second expansion valve;The second expansion valve can expand a refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant connection line and supply the expanded refrigerant to the refrigeration unit; and the third expansion valve can expand the refrigerant supplied from the condenser to be supplied to the heat exchanger. When waste heat from an external heat source and the battery module is recovered in the vehicle's heating mode, the branch line and the chiller connection line can be closed by operating the first valve, and the supply line can be closed; the cooling device can be deactivated; in the battery cooling device, the battery coolant line can be prevented from connecting to the coolant line by operating the first valve, and the coolant passing through the battery module can be supplied to the chiller by operating the second water pump; in the heating device, the heating line can be prevented from connecting to the coolant line by operating the second valve, and the coolant can circulate along the heating line by operating the third water pump;In the air conditioning system, the refrigerant line connecting the condenser and the evaporator can be closed by operating the first expansion valve; the refrigerant connection line can be opened by operating the second expansion valve; the second expansion valve can expand refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant connection line and supply the expanded refrigerant to the refrigeration unit; and the third expansion valve can expand the refrigerant supplied from the condenser to be supplied to the heat exchanger. When the vehicle is operating in a low-temperature dehumidification mode, the branch line and the chiller connection line can be opened by operating the first valve, and the supply line can be opened; in the cooling device, due to the branch line, a section of the coolant lines connected to the radiator and the reservoir can be closed, and the coolant passing through the electrical component can circulate along the opened branch line and an open section of the coolant line by operating the first water pump, without passing through the radiator; the coolant introduced through the branch line into the first valve can be introduced into the chiller along a section of the battery coolant line connecting the chiller and the first valve;The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit can be introduced into the first valve along the open refrigeration unit connecting line and can then circulate in the refrigerant line connected to the electrical component through the first valve; the refrigerant line and the heating line can form corresponding independent closed circuits by operating the second valve; in the heating device, the refrigerant can circulate along the heating line by operating the third water pump; in the air conditioning system, the refrigerant can circulate along the refrigerant line and the refrigerant connecting line, which are opened by operating the first and second expansion valves, respectively; the first and second expansion valves can expand the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator and the refrigeration unit accordingly;The third expansion valve can expand the refrigerant supplied from the condenser to be fed to the heat exchanger. When the electrical component and the battery module are cooled by using the coolant, the branch line can be closed by operating the first valve; the chiller connection line can be opened by operating the first valve, and the supply line can be opened; a section of the battery coolant line connecting the chiller and the first valve can be closed by operating the first valve; the coolant line connecting the reservoir and the first valve can be connected to the battery coolant line by operating the first valve; the coolant being cooled in the radiator can pass from the first valve along the battery coolant line to the battery module by operating the first and second water pumps;The coolant passing through the battery module can be introduced from the chiller along the open chiller connection line into the first valve and can then be supplied to the electrical component as it flows along the coolant line connected to the first water pump. When the vehicle's heating mode utilizes waste heat from the electrical components without operating the air conditioning system, the branch line and the chiller connection line can be opened by operating the first valve; in the cooling system, the coolant line connected to the radiator, the reservoir, and the first valve can be closed via the branch line; the supply line can be opened; the battery coolant line, except for the battery coolant line connected to the chiller, can be closed by operating the first valve; in the heating system, the heating line can be connected to the coolant line by operating the second valve;The coolant, which has reached a temperature that has increased while passing the electrical component due to the operation of the first water pump, can be fed to the heater line, which is connected to the open coolant line, without passing through the radiator; the coolant introduced into the heater line can be supplied to the heater by operating the third water pump; the coolant delivered by the heater can be introduced into the first valve along the open coolant line and the open branch line; the coolant introduced into the first valve can be reintroduced into the first valve along the open chiller connection line after passing through the chiller along the open section of the battery coolant line;and the coolant, which is reintroduced into the first valve, can be supplied to the electrical component along the open coolant line. When the vehicle's heating mode utilizes waste heat from the electrical component without operating the air conditioning, and cooling of the electrical component is required, the branch line and the chiller connection line can be closed by operating the first valve; in the cooling device, the coolant line can be opened; the supply line can be opened; the battery cooling device can be deactivated; in the heating device, the heating line can be connected to the coolant line by operating the second valve; the coolant, which has reached the temperature it gained while passing through the electrical component via the operation of the first water pump, can be supplied to the heating line connected to the coolant line; the coolant supplied to the heating line can be delivered to the heater by operating the third water pump.and the coolant delivered by the heater can be cooled while passing through the radiator along the coolant line by the operation of the first water pump, and can then recover waste heat from the electrical component while passing through the electrical component and cooling the electrical component at the same time. The first valve can be a 6-way valve and the second valve can be a 4-way valve. The electrical component may include an Electric Power Control Unit (EPCU), an electric motor, an inverter, an autonomous driving control system, or an on-board charger (OBC). The supply line can be connected to the coolant line when the coolant is circulated to the coolant line by the operation of the first water pump. The battery cooling device may further include a first coolant heater, which is arranged on the battery coolant line between the battery module and the refrigeration unit. When the battery module is heated, the first coolant heater can be operated to heat a coolant that is supplied to the battery module along the battery coolant line. As described above, in accordance with the heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the battery module can be adjusted depending on the mode of the vehicle using a chiller to carry out a heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant, and the interior of the vehicle can be heated using the coolant, thereby simplifying the entire system. In accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to improve the heating efficiency by recovering waste heat from the electronic component and waste heat from the battery module and using this for internal heating. Furthermore, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to improve the performance of the battery module by efficiently controlling the temperature of the battery module and to increase the overall travel range of the vehicle through efficient management of the battery module. Furthermore, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the coolant heater used in the heating device can be used to heat the battery module or to assist in internal heating of the vehicle, thereby reducing costs and weight. Furthermore, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, heat from the outside air and waste heat from an electrical component and a battery module are selectively used in a heating mode of the vehicle, thereby improving heating efficiency. Furthermore, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the cooling performance can be improved and the energy consumption of a compressor can be reduced by increasing the condensation or evaporation performance of the refrigerant using a condenser and a heat exchanger. The methods and devices of the present invention have other features and advantages, which will become apparent with reference to or are continued in greater detail in the accompanying drawings included herein and the following detailed description, which together serve to explain certain principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling electrical components and a battery module using a radiator in the heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 4 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling a battery module using a refrigerant in a vehicle cooling mode in the heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 5 illustrates an operating state diagram for recovering waste heat from external heat sources and an electrical component, depending on a heating mode, in a heat pump system for a vehicle, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6 illustrates an operating state diagram for recovering waste heat from external heat sources and a battery module, depending on a heating mode, in a heat pump system for a vehicle, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Figure 7 illustrates an operating state diagram for implementing the heating mode that utilizes waste heat from an electrical component in a heat pump system for a vehicle, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 8 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling an electrical component during operation of the heating mode using waste heat from the electrical component in a vehicle heating pump system in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Figure 9 illustrates an operating state diagram in accordance with a low-temperature dehumidification mode in a vehicle heating pump system in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the attached drawings are not necessarily to scale, but rather present a simplified representation of various features that illustrate the basic principles of the present invention. The specific design features of the present invention, as included herein, including, for example, specific sizes, orientations, positions, and shapes, will be determined in part by the intended application and environment of use. In the figures, reference numerals refer to identical or equivalent parts of the present invention across multiple figures of the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. To clarify the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and identical elements or correspondences are referred to across the description by the same reference numerals. The size and thickness of each element are shown arbitrarily in the drawings, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and in the drawings the thicknesses of layers, films, panels, areas, etc. are exaggerated for clarity. Beyond the description and claims that follow, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "include" or variations such as "indicates" or "indicating" shall be understood to imply the inclusion of the elements mentioned, but not the exclusion of any other elements. Furthermore, the terms “...unit”, “...mechanism”, “...section”, “...element”, etc. used herein refer to a unit of inclusive components that perform at least one or more functions or operations. Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention and Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of Fig. 1 . The heat pump system for the vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention can adjust the temperature of a battery module 24 by using a refrigeration machine 30 in which a refrigerant and a coolant exchange heat, and can recover waste heat (in other words: recover or regenerate, e.g. utilize) generated by an electrical component 15 and a battery module 24 for use in internal heating. Such a heat pump system can be used in electric vehicles. Referring to Fig. 1, the heat pump system can include a cooling device 10, a battery cooling device 20, a refrigeration machine 30 and a heating device 40. Firstly, the cooling device 10 has a radiator 12 which is connected to a coolant line 11, a first water pump 14, a first valve V1, a second valve V2 and a storage tank 16. The radiator 12 is located (e.g., mounted) at the front of the vehicle and a cooling fan 13 is located (e.g., mounted) behind the radiator 12, so that the coolant is cooled by operation of the cooling fan 13 and heat exchange with the outside air. Furthermore, the electrical component 15 can include an Electric Power Control Unit (EPCU), or a motor (e.g. an electric motor), or an inverter, or an autonomous driving control system, or an on-board charger (OBC). The electrical component 15, which is designed as described above, can be arranged on the coolant line 11 (e.g. in thermal contact with it) in order to be cooled in a water-cooled manner. Accordingly, if the waste heat of the electrical component 15 is recovered in the vehicle's heating mode, the heat generated by the EPCU, or the electric motor, or the inverter, or the autonomous driving control, or the OBC can be recovered. Furthermore, the storage tank 16 is arranged on the coolant line 11 between the radiator 12 and the first water pump 14. This cooling device 10 can circulate the coolant in the coolant line 11 by operating the first water pump 14, so that the coolant is supplied to the electrical component 15 which is located on the coolant line 11 (e.g. in thermal contact with the coolant line 11). Meanwhile, the storage tank 16 can be connected to the coolant line 11 via a supply line 17, which connects the first valve V1 and the first water pump 14. The supply line 17 can be connected to the coolant line 11 if the coolant is circulated to the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first water pump 14. That is, when the first water pump 14 is operated, the reservoir tank 16 can always allow some of the stored coolant to flow through the supply line 17 into the coolant line 11. Accordingly, when the first water pump 14 is operated, the occurrence of cavitation in the first water pump 14 can be prevented. Furthermore, damage to the first water pump 14 due to cavitation can be prevented in advance. Furthermore, the cooling device 10 may also have a branch line 18. A first end section of the branch line 18 is connected to the coolant line 11 between the second valve V2 and the radiator 12. A second end section of the branch line 18 can be connected to the first valve V1. When the waste heat of the electrical component 15 is recovered, the branch line 18 can be selectively opened or closed by operating the first valve V1, so that the coolant that has passed through the electrical component 15 (e.g. flowed through it or was passed through it) is returned to the electrical component 15 without passing through the cooler 12 (e.g. without flowing through it or being passed through it). In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the battery cooling device 20 has a battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the coolant line 11 via the first valve V1, and a second water pump 22 and the battery module 24, which are connected to the battery coolant line 21. The battery cooling device 20 can selectively circulate the coolant in the battery module 24 by operating the second water pump 22. The first and second water pumps can be 14 and 22 electric water pumps. Meanwhile, the battery cooling device 20 can further comprise a first coolant heater 26, which is arranged between the battery module 24 and the first valve V1 on the battery coolant line 21. If it is necessary to increase the temperature of the battery module 24, the first coolant heater 26 is switched on to heat the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line 21, so that the coolant, whose temperature has been increased, can be supplied to the battery module 24. The first coolant heater 26 can be an electric heater that operates in accordance with a supply of electrical energy. That is, the first coolant heater 26 is operated when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the battery module 24 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line 21 can be heated. Accordingly, the coolant, which has an increased temperature while passing through the first coolant heater 26 (e.g., flowing through it or being guided through it), can be supplied to the battery module 24 to increase the temperature of the battery module 24. That is, the first coolant heater 26 can act selectively when the temperature of the battery module 24 is increased. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration machine 30 is arranged between the first valve V1 and the battery module 24 on the battery coolant line 21. The refrigeration unit 30 is connected via a refrigerant connection line 61 to a refrigerant line 51 of an air conditioning unit 50. That is, the refrigeration unit 30 can be a water-cooled heat exchanger into which a refrigerant flows. In this case, the refrigeration unit 30 can be connected to the first valve V1 via a refrigeration unit connection line 31. That is, the refrigeration unit connection line 31 can connect the refrigeration unit 30 and the first valve V1 separately from the battery coolant line 21 by means of the operation of the first valve V1. Accordingly, the refrigeration unit 30 can regulate the temperature of the coolant by carrying out a heat exchange between the coolant that is selectively supplied to the battery coolant line 21 and the refrigeration unit connection line 31, and the refrigerant that is selectively supplied by the air conditioning unit 50. Here, a first end section of the refrigeration unit connection line 31 is connected to the first valve V1. A second end section of the refrigeration unit connection line 31 can be connected to the refrigeration unit 30. The refrigeration unit connection line 31 can connect the refrigeration unit 30 to the first valve V1 in accordance with the operation of the first valve V1. The heating device 40 can have a heating line 41 which can be selectively connected to the coolant line 11 by a second valve V2 in order to heat a vehicle interior using the coolant, and a third water pump 42 and a heater 52a which are provided on the heating line 41. When the interior of the vehicle is heated, the heating device 40 can connect the coolant line 11 and the heating line 41, which are connected to the electrical component 15, by operating the second valve V2, so that the high-temperature coolant that has passed through the electrical component 15 is supplied to the heating line 41. Accordingly, the high-temperature coolant can be supplied to the heater 52a along the heating line 41. That is, the heating device 40, which is constructed as described above, supplies, in the heating mode of the vehicle, the high-temperature coolant (in other words, the coolant which has a high temperature) which is introduced from the cooling device 10 into the heating line 41, or the coolant whose temperature is increased while circulating through the heating line 41, to the heater 52a by means of an operation of the third water pump 42, thereby heating the vehicle interior. The third water pump 42 can be an electric water pump. Meanwhile, the heater 52a can be arranged in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) module 52, which is contained in the air conditioning unit 50. In this case, a second coolant heater 43 can be arranged between the third water pump 42 and the heater 52a on the heating line 41 in order to selectively heat the coolant circulating in the heating line 41. The second coolant heater 43 is operated in switched-on mode (in other words, is operated in such a way that it is "on") when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater 52a in the vehicle's heating mode is less than a target temperature to heat the coolant circulating in the heating line 41, thereby causing the coolant, whose temperature is increased, to flow into the heater 52a. The second coolant heater 43 can be an electric heater that operates (works) in accordance with the power supply. On the other hand, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is described that the second coolant heater 43 is arranged on (e.g. in) the heating line 41, but it is not limited to this, and an air heater 45 to increase the temperature of the outside air flowing into the interior of the vehicle can be used instead of the second coolant heater 43. The air heater 45 can be arranged (e.g. mounted) on the rear of the heater 52a towards the interior of the vehicle in the HVAC module 52 to selectively heat the outside air passing through the heater 52a. That means any of the second coolant heater 43 and the air heater 45 can be used with the heating device 40. The heating device 40, which is designed as described above, supplies the high-temperature coolant (in other words, the coolant with the high temperature) supplied by the cooling device 10, or the coolant whose temperature is increased as it circulates through the heating line 41, to the heater 52a by means of an operation of the third water pump 42, thereby heating the vehicle interior in the heating mode of the vehicle. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioning system 50 comprises: the HVAC module 52, a condenser 53, a heat exchanger 54, a first expansion valve 55, an evaporator 56, an accumulator 57 and a compressor 59, which are connected to each other via the refrigerant line 51. Firstly, the HVAC module 52 has the evaporator 56, which is connected to it via the refrigerant line 51, and an opening and closing flap 52b for controlling the outside air passing through the evaporator 56 in such a way that it is selectively introduced into the heater 52a depending on a cooling mode, a heating mode and a heating and dehumidifying mode of the vehicle. That is, the opening and closing flap 52b opens to allow the outside air passing through the evaporator 56 to be introduced into the heater 52a in the vehicle's heating mode. In contrast, in the vehicle's cooling mode, the opening and closing flap 52b closes the heater 52a, so that the outside air, which is cooled as it passes through the evaporator 56, flows directly into the vehicle. In this case, if the second coolant heater 43 is not arranged in the heating device 40, the air heater 45, which is arranged in the HVAC module 52, can be arranged on an opposite side of the evaporator 56, with the heater 52a arranged in between. The air heater 45 can be operated to increase the temperature of the outside air flowing into the heater 52a when the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heater 52a is lower than a target temperature for internal heating. On the other hand, the air heater 45 can be located in the HVAC module 52 if the second coolant heater 43 is not located on the heating line 41. That is, in the heat pump system in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it may be that only either the second coolant heater 43 or the air heater 45 is used. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the condenser 53 is connected to the refrigerant line 51 to allow the refrigerant to pass through it. The condenser 53 is arranged between the second valve V2 and the heater 52a on (e.g., in) the heating line 41, so that the refrigerant circulating in the heating device 40 passes through it. This condenser 53 can condense the refrigerant through heat exchange with the coolant circulating in the heating line 41. That is, the condenser 53 can be a water-cooled heat exchanger into which the coolant flows. The condenser 53, which is designed as described above, can perform a heat exchange between the refrigerant supplied by the compressor 59 and the coolant supplied by the heating device 40 in order to condense the refrigerant. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger 54 can be arranged between the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56 on (e.g. in) the refrigerant line 51. The first expansion valve 55 is located between the heat exchanger 54 and the evaporator 56 in the refrigerant line 51. The first expansion valve 55 receives the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 54 in order to expand it. The accumulator 57 is arranged between the evaporator 56 and the compressor 59 on the refrigerant line 51 and is connected to the refrigerant connection line 61. This accumulator 57 improves the efficiency and durability of the compressor 59 by supplying only the gaseous refrigerant to the compressor 59. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first end section of the refrigerant connection line 61 between the heat exchanger 54 and the first expansion valve 55 is connected to the refrigerant line 51. The second end section of the refrigerant connection line 61 can be connected to the accumulator 57. In this process, the accumulator 57 can supply the gaseous refrigerant of the refrigerant, which is supplied through the refrigerant connection line 61, to the compressor 59. On the other hand, the refrigerant connection line 61 is equipped with a second expansion valve 63 and the refrigerant line 51 between the condenser 53 and the heat exchanger 54 may be equipped with a third expansion valve 65. The second expansion valve 63 can expand the coolant that has flowed in through the refrigerant connection line 61 to flow into the chiller 30 when the battery module 24 is cooled with the refrigerant. In this process, the second expansion valve 63 is operated when the waste heat from the electrical component 15 or the battery module 24 is recovered in the heating mode and the heating and dehumidifying mode of the vehicle. The second expansion valve 63 can selectively expand the refrigerant that is introduced through the refrigerant connection line 61 to flow into the refrigeration machine 30. That is, the second expansion valve 63 can introduce the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 54 into the refrigeration machine 30 in a state where the temperature of the refrigerant has been reduced by expanding the refrigerant, in order to further reduce the temperature of the coolant passing through the interior of the refrigeration machine 30. As a result, the coolant, which has a temperature that is reduced as it passes through the chiller 30, is introduced into the battery module 24, which is cooled more efficiently. The third expansion valve 65 can selectively expand the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger 54 in the heating mode and a low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle. In this process, the heat exchanger 54 can further condense or evaporate the refrigerant condensed by the condenser 53 through heat exchange with the outside air, depending on the selective operation of the third expansion valve 65. In other words, the heat exchanger 54 is arranged (e.g., attached) upstream of the radiator 12 to exchange heat between the refrigerant flowing into it and the outside air. The heat exchanger 54 can be an air-cooled heat exchanger for condensing the refrigerant using outside air. Meanwhile, when the heat exchanger 54 condenses the refrigerant, the heat exchanger 54 can further condense the refrigerant that is condensed in the condenser 53 to enhance subcooling of the refrigerant, thereby improving a coefficient of performance (COP), which is a coefficient of cooling capacity relative to the energy required by the compressor (e.g., the coefficient describes the ratio of cooling capacity to energy required by the compressor). The compressor 59 is connected to the evaporator 56 and the condenser 53 via the refrigerant line 51. This compressor 59 can compress the gaseous refrigerant and supply the compressed refrigerant to the condenser 53. The first, second and third expansion valves 55, 63 and 65 can be electronic expansion valves that selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling a flow of the coolant through the refrigerant line 51 or the refrigerant connecting line 61. Furthermore, the first valve V1 can be a 6-way valve and the second valve V2 can be a 4-way valve. This section describes the structure of the first valve V1 in greater detail with reference to Fig. 2. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first valve V1 can have a first, a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth and a sixth port P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6. The first connection P1 is connected to the coolant line 11, which is connected to the storage tank 16. The second connection P2 is connected to the coolant line 11, which is connected to the water pump 14. Here, the supply line 17 can be connected to the coolant line 11, which connects the second connection P2 and the first water pump 14. The third connection P3 is connected to the chiller connection line 31 and the fourth connection P4 is connected to the branch line 18. The fifth terminal, P5, is connected to the battery coolant line 21, which is connected between the chiller 30 and the first valve V1 of the chiller 30. The sixth terminal, P6, is connected to the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the second water pump 22. Herein the first valve V1 can be operated to discharge the coolant through a port from the first port, the second port, the third port, the fourth port, the fifth port and the sixth port P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6, which is adjacent to the port into which the coolant is introduced. For example, the coolant introduced into the first port P1 can be discharged through the second port P2 or the sixth port P6, which are located adjacent to the first port P1, in accordance with the operation of the first valve V1. That is, the first valve V1 is designed to simplify the structure, and for the sake of simplicity of valve control, when two adjacent ports are closed, the remaining four ports are open, so that two adjacent ports are connected to each other, thereby controlling the flow of coolant. The operation and function of the heat pump system for the vehicle, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention and designed as described above, are described in detail below with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 to Fig. 9. First, an operation of a case of cooling the electrical component 15 and the battery module 24 using the cooler 12 in the heat pump system for the vehicle in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 3 is described. Fig. 3 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling electrical components and a battery module using a cooler in the heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 3, the branch line 18 is closed by operation of the first valve V1. The refrigeration unit connection line 31 is opened by operation of the first valve V1. The supply line 17 is open. This means that some of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can circulate through the open supply line 17 along the coolant line 11. In this case, a section of the battery coolant line 21, which connects the refrigeration unit 30 and the first valve V1, is closed by operation of the first valve V1. Furthermore, the battery coolant line 21 is connected to the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first valve V1. The coolant line 11, which connects the storage tank 16 and the first valve V1, is connected to the battery coolant line 21 by operation of the first valve V1. In the present state, the first water pump 14 is operated in the cooling device 10 to cool the electrical component 15. In the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 22 is operated to cool the battery module 24. Accordingly, the coolant, which is cooled in the radiator 12 and stored in the reservoir tank 16, is supplied to the battery module 24, while it circulates through the battery coolant line 21 due to the operation of the first valve V1 and the second water pump 22. That is, the coolant, which is introduced through the first port P1 from the reservoir tank 16 into the first valve V1, is introduced through the sixth port P6 into the battery coolant line 21. The coolant, which is introduced into the battery coolant line 21, passes through the battery module 24 and is introduced into the chiller 30. Accordingly, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 is introduced by the chiller 30 into the first valve V1 along the open chiller connection line 31. Subsequently, the coolant can be supplied to the electrical component 15 as it flows along the coolant line 11, which is connected to the first water pump 14, by means of the operation of the first water pump 14. That is, the coolant supplied by the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31 into the third port P3 of the first valve V1 and is discharged through the second port P2 to the coolant line 11, which is connected to the first water pump 14. In this way, a portion of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. That is, the coolant, which is cooled in the radiator 12 and stored in the reservoir 16, circulates through the coolant line 11 and the battery coolant line 21 by means of the operation of the first and second water pumps 14 and 22 respectively, in order to efficiently cool the electrical component 15 and the battery module 24. The air conditioning system 50 is not operating because the vehicle's cooling mode is deactivated. On the other hand, although in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention it was described that the electrical component 15 and the battery module 24 are cooled, the present invention is not limited thereto, and if the electrical component 15 or the battery module 24 are cooled separately, the first and second water pumps 14 and 22 and the first valve V1 can be operated selectively. Operation of the case of cooling the battery module 24 in the cooling mode of the vehicle is described with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling a battery module using a refrigerant in a cooling mode of a vehicle in the heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 4, in the cooling device 10 the coolant is circulated in the coolant line 11 by means of the operation of the first water pump 14. At the same time the supply line 17 is open. That is, a portion of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. In this, the branch line 18 and the refrigeration machine connection line 31 are closed by operation of the first valve V1. Accordingly, the coolant, which is introduced from the storage tank 16 through the first port P1 into the first valve V1, can be introduced through the second port P2 into the coolant line 11. In the battery cooling device 20, the second water pump 22 is operated to cool the battery module 24. Accordingly, in the battery cooling device 20, the coolant can be circulated in the battery coolant line 21 by means of the operation of the second water pump 22. In this arrangement, the cooling device 10 and the battery cooling device 20 can each form an independent closed circuit, through which each coolant is circulated separately by means of the operation of the first valve V1. That is, due to the operation of the first valve V1, the battery cooling device 20 is not connected to the coolant line 11. In the present state, the battery cooling device 20 can form a closed circuit through which the coolant in the battery coolant line 21 is circulated independently by means of the operation of the second water pump 22. That is, the coolant line 11 and the battery coolant line 21 form corresponding independent closed circuits through the operation of the first valve V1. Accordingly, in the battery cooling device 20, the coolant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 can be supplied to the battery module 24 along the battery coolant line 21 by operating the second water pump 22. The coolant, which is introduced into the battery coolant line 21, is routed through the battery module 24 and is introduced into the chiller 30. Accordingly, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 is introduced by the refrigeration unit 30 into the first valve V1 along the open battery coolant line 21. Subsequently, the coolant can be supplied to the battery module 24 by means of the operation of the second water pump 22, as it flows along the battery coolant line 21. That is, the coolant supplied by the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced along the battery coolant line 21 into the fifth port P5 of the first valve V1 and is supplied to the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the second water pump 22, through the sixth port P6. Meanwhile, in the heating device 40, the heating line 41 is connected to the coolant line 11 by operating the second valve V2. In the present state, the coolant supplied by the cooling device 10 is circulated in the heating line 41 by operation of the third water pump 42. Accordingly, the coolant, which is cooled in the radiator 12, can be supplied to the condenser 53 by operating the first and third water pumps 14 and 22, after it has passed the electrical component 15. In the air conditioning system 50, each constituent element acts to cool the vehicle's interior. Accordingly, the refrigerant is circulated along the refrigerant line 51. In this process, the refrigerant line 51, which connects the heat exchanger 54 and the evaporator 56, is opened by operating the first expansion valve 55. The refrigerant connection line 61 is opened by operating the second expansion valve 63. Accordingly, the refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 54 can be circulated along the refrigerant line 51 and the refrigerant connecting line 61. Here, the first and second expansion valves 55 and 63 can expand the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 56 and the refrigeration unit 30, respectively. The third expansion valve 65 can allow the refrigerant supplied by the condenser 53 to flow into the heat exchanger 54 without expanding it. Meanwhile, the heating device 40 supplies the coolant, which is supplied by the cooling device 10, to the condenser 53 by operating the third water pump 42. The condenser 53 condenses the refrigerant using the coolant flowing along the heating line 41. The heat exchanger 54 can also further condense the refrigerant introduced by the condenser 53 through operation of the third expansion valve 65 by means of heat exchange with the outside air. The coolant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is circulated in the battery coolant line 21 by operation of the second water pump 22 to cool the battery module 24. The refrigerant passing through the chiller 30 is cooled by a heat exchanger with the expanded refrigerant supplied to the chiller 30. The cooled refrigerant in the chiller 30 is then supplied to the battery module 24. Accordingly, the battery module 24 is cooled by the cooled refrigerant. That is, the second expansion valve 63 expands part of the coolant by means of the heat exchanger 54 in order to supply the expanded coolant to the refrigeration unit 30, and opens the refrigerant connection line 61. Accordingly, the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 54 is expanded by operation of the second expansion valve 63 to assume a low temperature and low pressure condition and flows into the refrigeration machine 30, which is connected to the refrigerant connection line 61. Subsequently, the refrigerant flowing into the refrigeration machine 30 undergoes a heat exchange with the coolant and is then introduced into the compressor 59 after passing through the accumulator 57 via the refrigerant connection line 61. In other words, the coolant with the elevated temperature from cooling the battery module 24 is cooled by a heat exchange with the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant in the chiller 30. The cooled coolant is then returned to the battery module 24 via the battery coolant line 21. That is, the coolant can efficiently cool the battery module 24 while the process described above is repeated. On the other hand, the remaining refrigerant, which is discharged from the heat exchanger 54, flows through the refrigerant line 51 to cool the interior of the vehicle, passing successively through the first expansion valve 55, the evaporator 56, the compressor 59 and the condenser 53. In this system, the outside air flowing into the HVAC module 52 is cooled by the low-temperature refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 56 as it passes through the evaporator 56. In this case, a section of the heater 52a, through which the cooled outside air passes, is closed by means of the opening and closing flap 52b, so that the outside air does not pass through the heater 52a. Accordingly, the cooled outside air flows directly into the interior of the vehicle, thus cooling the vehicle interior. On the other hand, the refrigerant, which has a proportion of condensate that is increased as it sequentially passes through the condenser 53 and the heat exchanger 54, can be expanded and fed to the evaporator 56, thus enabling the refrigerant to evaporate to a lower temperature. As a result, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the condenser 53 condenses the refrigerant and the heat exchanger 54 further condenses the refrigerant, which is advantageous in forming the subcooling of the refrigerant. Furthermore, since the subcooled refrigerant in the evaporator 56 can be evaporated to a lower temperature, the temperature of the outside air passing through the evaporator 56 can be further reduced, thereby improving cooling performance and efficiency. In the vehicle's cooling mode, the refrigerant can cool the vehicle's interior while the processes described above are repeated, and at the same time, it can cool the coolant through heat exchange as it passes through the refrigeration unit 30. The low-temperature refrigerant (in other words, the refrigerant that has a low temperature) that was cooled in the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced into the battery module 24. Accordingly, the battery module 24 can be efficiently cooled by means of the low-temperature refrigerant supplied to it. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the operation for the case of recovering the waste heat from the external heat source and the electrical component 15 in the heating mode of the vehicle is described with reference to Fig. 5. Fig. 5 illustrates an operating state diagram for heat recovery from external heat and an electrical component depending on a heating mode in a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 5, the heat pump system can absorb the external heat from the outside air together with the waste heat from the electrical component 15 during an initial start-up idle state (IDLE) of the vehicle or during an initial driving state in which the waste heat from the electrical component 15 is insufficient. First, the first water pump 14 in the cooling device 10 is operated to circulate the coolant. The supply line 17 is open. Therefore, some of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. In this process, the branch line 18 and the refrigeration unit connection line 31 are opened by operating the first valve V1. Accordingly, by operation of the first valve V1 due to the branch line 18, a section of the coolant line 11 which is connected to the radiator 12 and a section of the coolant line 11 which connects the radiator 12 and the storage tank 16 are closed. In the present state, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 can circulate along the open branch line 18 and an open section of the coolant line 11 by operating the first water pump 14, without passing through the radiator 12. In this way, the coolant, which is introduced into the first valve V1 through the branch line 18, can be introduced into the refrigeration machine 30 along a section of the battery coolant line 21, which connects the refrigeration machine 30 and the first valve V1. The refrigerant passing through the chiller 30 is introduced into the first valve V1 along the open chiller connection line 31. Subsequently, the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the electrical component 15 via the first valve V1. Meanwhile, the second water pump 22 in the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated. Therefore, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 circulates continuously along the coolant line 11, the branch line 18, an open section of the battery coolant line 21, and the chiller connection line 31, without passing through the radiator 12, and absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15, thus increasing its temperature. The coolant with the increased temperature can be supplied to the chiller 30, which is located on the battery coolant line 21. That is, the waste heat generated by the electrical component 15 increases the temperature of the coolant supplied to the chiller 30. The coolant, which is introduced from the branch line 18 through the fourth port P4 into the first valve V1, is introduced through the fifth port P5 into the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the chiller 30. The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is then introduced along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31 into the third port P3 of the first valve V1. The refrigerant introduced into the third port P3 is discharged through the second port P2, which is connected to the third port P3, to the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the first water pump 14. As such a process is repeated, the coolant absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15 and can increase the temperature. Meanwhile, the coolant circulates in the heating device 40 along the heating line 41 by operation of the third water pump 42. The coolant line 11 and the heating line 41 can form the corresponding independent closed circuit by operating the second valve V2. Therefore, the coolant circulating through the heating line 41 can be supplied to the condenser 53 by operating the third water pump 42, after passing the heater 52a. In this arrangement, the second coolant heater 43 is operated when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the heating line 41 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 can be heated. On the other hand, if the air heater 45 is used instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 operates when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a is lower than the target temperature, and the outside air introduced into the interior of the vehicle can be heated. In the air conditioning system 50, each constituent element acts to heat the vehicle interior. Therefore, the refrigerant circulates along the refrigerant line 51. In this process, the refrigerant line 51, which connects the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56, is closed by operating the first expansion valve 55. The refrigerant connection line 61 is opened by operation of the second expansion valve 63. The second expansion valve 63 of the refrigeration machine 30 can supply the refrigerant to this point by expanding the refrigerant supplied by the heat exchanger 54 of the refrigerant connection line 61. The third expansion valve 65 can also supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 54 by expanding the refrigerant supplied by the condenser 53. Therefore, the heat exchanger 54 recovers the external heat while evaporating the expanded refrigerant through heat exchange with the outside air. The coolant, which absorbs the waste heat of the electrical component 15 and whose temperature is thereby increased, is recovered (in other words, the heat energy of the coolant is recovered) by increasing the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the refrigeration machine 30 during its passage through the refrigeration machine 30 by operation of the first water pump 14. That is, the refrigeration machine 30 receives the refrigerant, which is supplied by the heat exchanger 54 and expanded by operation of the second expansion valve 63, through the refrigerant connection line 61 and evaporates the supplied refrigerant by heat exchange with the coolant, whose temperature is increased as it passes the electrical component 15, thereby recovering (in other words, recycling) the waste heat of the electrical component 15. Subsequently, the refrigerant passing through the refrigeration machine 30 is fed to the accumulator 57 along the refrigerant connection line 61. The refrigerant supplied to the accumulator 57 is separated into gas and liquid. The gaseous refrigerant, separated into gas and liquid, is then supplied to the compressor 59. The refrigerant, which is compressed at high temperature / high pressure by the compressor 59 (e.g. the compressed gaseous refrigerant at high temperature and high pressure), flows into the condenser 53. Here, the refrigerant supplied to the condenser 53 can increase the temperature of the coolant by means of heat exchange with the coolant circulating through the heating line 41. The coolant with the increased temperature is supplied to the heater 52a. Meanwhile, the opening and closing flap 52b is opened, so that the outside air, which is introduced into the HVAC module 52 and passes through the evaporator 56, passes through the heater 52a. As a result, the outside air entering from the outside flows into the interior at an uncooled temperature when it passes through the evaporator 56, which is not supplied with refrigerant. The introduced outside air is then heated to a high temperature as it passes through the heater 52a before being introduced into the vehicle's interior, thus heating the vehicle's interior. That is, the heat pump system in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention absorbs the external heat from the heat exchanger 54 when heating is required in the initial start-up idle (IDLE) state of the vehicle or during an initial driving state, and is used to increase the temperature of the refrigerant using the waste heat of the electrical component 15, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the compressor 59 and improving the cooling efficiency. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the operation for the case of recovering the waste heat from the external heat source and the battery module 24 in the heating mode of the vehicle is described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 illustrates an operating state diagram for the recovery of waste heat from external heat and from a battery module depending on a heating mode in a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 6, the heat pump system can absorb the external heat from the outside air together with the waste heat from the battery module 24 in an initial start-idle state (IDLE) of the vehicle or during an initial driving state where the waste heat from the electrical component 15 is insufficient. First, the cooling device 10 is deactivated. Furthermore, the branch line 18 and the refrigeration machine connection line 31 are closed by operation of the first valve V1 and the supply line 17 is closed. In the battery cooling device 20, the battery coolant line 21 is not connected to the coolant line 11 by the operation of the first valve V1. In the present state, the second water pump 22 is operated to circulate the coolant through the battery coolant line 21. Accordingly, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 is supplied to the chiller 30. Here, the coolant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced along the battery coolant line 21 into the third port P3 of the first valve V1. Subsequently, the coolant is introduced through the sixth port P6, which is connected to the third port P3, into the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the second water pump 22. That is, the coolant passing through the battery module 24 can circulate in the battery coolant line 21 by operating the second water pump 22. Accordingly, the coolant circulating along the battery coolant line 21 absorbs the waste heat from the battery module 24 and its temperature may increase. The coolant with the increased temperature can be supplied to the chiller 30, which is arranged on the battery coolant line 21. That is, the waste heat generated by the battery module 24 increases the temperature of the coolant supplied to the chiller 30. Meanwhile, the coolant circulates in the heating device 40 by operation of the third water pump 42 along the heating line 41. In this case, the heating line 41 is not connected to the coolant line 11 due to the operation of the second valve V2. Therefore, the coolant circulating through the heating line 41 can be supplied to the condenser 53 by operating the third water pump 42, after passing the heater 52a. In this arrangement, the second coolant heater 43 is operated when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the heating line 41 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 can be heated. On the other hand, if the air heater 45 is used instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 will operate if the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a is lower than the target temperature, and the outside air introduced into the interior of the vehicle can be heated. In the air conditioning system 50, each constituent element acts to heat the vehicle interior. Therefore, the refrigerant circulates along the refrigerant line 51. In this process, the refrigerant line 51, which connects the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56, is closed by operating the first expansion valve 55. The refrigerant connection line 61 is opened by operation of the second expansion valve 63. Herein, the second expansion valve 63 can supply the refrigerant to the refrigeration machine 30 by expanding the refrigerant supplied by the heat exchanger 54 to the refrigerant connection line 61. The third expansion valve 65 can also supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 54 by expanding the refrigerant supplied by the condenser 53. Therefore, the heat exchanger 54 recovers the external heat while evaporating the expanded refrigerant through heat exchange with the outside air. The coolant, which absorbs the waste heat of the battery module 24 and whose temperature is thereby increased, is recovered (in other words, the heat stored in the coolant at the increased temperature is recycled) by increasing the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the chiller 30 during its passage through the chiller 30 by operation of the second water pump 22. That is, the refrigeration unit 30 receives the refrigerant supplied by the heat exchanger 54 and expanded by operation of the second expansion valve 63 through the refrigerant connection line 61 and evaporates the supplied refrigerant by heat exchange with the coolant, whose temperature is increased as it passes the battery module 24, thereby recovering (in other words, reusing) the waste heat of the battery module 24. Subsequently, the refrigerant passing through the refrigeration machine 30 is fed to the accumulator 57 along the refrigerant connection line 61. The refrigerant supplied to the accumulator 57 is separated into gas and liquid. The gaseous refrigerant is then supplied to the compressor 59. The refrigerant, which is compressed at high temperature / high pressure by the compressor 59 (in other words, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor at high temperature and high pressure), flows into the condenser 53. Here, the refrigerant supplied to the condenser 53 can increase the temperature of the coolant by means of heat exchange with the coolant circulating through the heating line 41. The coolant with the increased temperature is supplied to the heater 52a. Meanwhile, the opening and closing flap 52b is opened, so that the outside air flowing into the HVAC module 52 and passing through the evaporator 56 passes through the heater 52a. As a result, the outside air, which has entered from the outside, flows into the interior at an uncooled temperature when it passes through the evaporator 56, which is not supplied with refrigerant. The introduced outside air is then heated to a high temperature as it passes through the heater 52a before being introduced into the vehicle's interior, thus heating the vehicle's interior. That is, the heat pump system in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention absorbs the external heat from the heat exchanger 54 when heating is required in the initial start-up idle (IDLE) state of the vehicle or during an initial driving state, and is used to increase the temperature of the refrigerant using the waste heat from the battery module 24, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the compressor 59 and improving cooling efficiency. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a process is described in the case of using the waste heat of the electrical component 15 without operating the air conditioning system in the heating mode of the vehicle with reference to Fig. 7. Fig. 7 illustrates an operating state diagram for carrying out the heating mode using waste heat from an electrical component in a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 7, the heat pump system can heat the interior of the vehicle using waste heat from the electrical component 15, without operating the air conditioning 50. First, the first water pump 14 in the cooling device 10 is operated to circulate the coolant. In this case, the air conditioning 50 is deactivated. Here, the branch line 18 and the chiller connection line 31 are opened by operating the first valve V1. The supply line 17 is open. Therefore, some of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. Accordingly, due to the branch line 18, a section of the coolant line 11, which is connected to the radiator 12, and a section of the coolant line 11, which connects the radiator 12 and the storage tank 16, are closed by operation of the first valve V1. That is, due to the branch line 18, the sections of the coolant line 11, which are connected to the radiator 12, the reservoir tank 16 and the first valve V1, can be closed. Furthermore, the battery coolant line 21 is closed except for the battery coolant line 21 which is connected to the refrigeration unit 30 by operation of the first valve V1. In the present case, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 can circulate along the open branch line 18 and an open section of the coolant line 11 by operating the first water pump 14, without passing through the radiator 12. In this case, the coolant, which is introduced into the first valve V1 through the branch line 18, can be introduced into the refrigeration machine 30 along a section of the battery coolant line 21, which connects the refrigeration machine 30 and the first valve V1. The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced into the first valve V1 along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31. Subsequently, the refrigerant is circulated through the first valve V1 in the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the electrical component 15. Meanwhile, the second water pump 22 in the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated. That is, the battery coolant line 21, which connects the second water pump 22 and the battery module 24, is closed and the operation of the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated (e.g. discontinued). Therefore, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 circulates continuously along the coolant line 11, the branch line 18, an open section of the battery coolant line 21, and the chiller connection line 31, without passing through the radiator 12, and absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15, thus increasing its temperature. That is, the coolant introduced from branch line 18 through the fourth port P4 into the first valve V1 is introduced through the fifth port P5 into the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the refrigeration unit. The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is then introduced along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31 into the third port P3 of the first valve V1. The refrigerant introduced into the third port P3 is discharged through the second port P2, which is connected to the third port P3, to the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the first water pump 14. As such a process is repeated, the coolant absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15 and its temperature may increase. In the heating device 40, the heating line 41 is connected to the coolant line 11 via an operation of the second valve V2. In the present state, the coolant, whose temperature has increased while passing through the electrical component 15 by the operation of the first water pump 14, is supplied to the heating line 41, which is connected to the open coolant line 11, without passing through the radiator 12. The coolant introduced into the heating line 41 can be supplied to the heater 52a by operating the third water pump 42. The coolant supplied by the heater 52a passes through the second valve V2 and is introduced into the first valve V1 along the open section of the coolant line 11 and the open branch line 18. The coolant introduced into the first valve V1 is again introduced into the first valve V1 along the open chiller connection line 31 after passing the chiller 30 along the open section of the battery coolant line 21. The coolant, which is reintroduced into the first valve V1, is fed along the open coolant line 11 to the electrical component 15. That is, the coolant that has passed the electrical component 15 continues to circulate along the open coolant line 11, the branch line 18, the open section of the battery coolant line 21, and the chiller connection line 31 without passing through the radiator 12, and absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15, so that the temperature of the same (the coolant) increases. The coolant, which has reached the increased temperature, is introduced into the heating line 41, which is connected to the coolant line 11, without passing through the radiator 12. The coolant introduced into the heating line 41 can pass through the heater 52a by operating the third water pump 42. In this case, the second coolant heater 43 is operated when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the heating line 41 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 can be heated. On the other hand, if the air heater 45 is used instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 can be operated selectively depending on the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a. That is, the air heater 45 can be operated when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a is lower than a target temperature, thereby heating the outside air flowing into the interior of the vehicle. The air heater 45 is operated when the temperature of the outside air, which has completed the heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant while passing through the heater 52a, is lower than a predetermined temperature or a target heating temperature. When the air heater 45 is operated, the outside air can be heated as it passes through the air heater 45 to be introduced into the vehicle interior in a state where the temperature is elevated. Meanwhile, the high-temperature coolant (in other words, the high-temperature coolant) supplied to the heater 52a undergoes a heat exchange with the outside air and is then introduced into a section of the coolant line 11, which is connected to the heater line 41 via the second valve V2. The coolant is then introduced into the first valve V1 along the open branch line 18, without passing through the radiator 12. The coolant introduced into the first valve V1 passes sequentially through the open battery coolant line 21, the chiller 30 and the chiller connecting line 31, and is reintroduced into the coolant line 11, which is connected to the electrical component 15. Meanwhile, the opening and closing flap 52b is opened, so that the outside air flowing into the HVAC module 52 passes the heater 52a. As a result, the outside air entering the interior flows into the vehicle at an uncooled temperature when it passes through the evaporator 56, which is not supplied with refrigerant. The introduced outside air is then heated to a high temperature as it passes through the heater 52a before being introduced into the vehicle's interior, thus heating the vehicle's interior. In other words, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to recover the waste heat generated in the electrical component 15 during the process described above and to use the waste heat for internal heating, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving overall heating efficiency. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a process of the case in which the waste heat of the electrical component 15 is used in the heating mode of the vehicle without operating the air conditioning 50, and cooling of the electrical component 15 is required, is described with reference to Fig. 8. Fig. 8 illustrates an operating state diagram for cooling an electrical component while the heating mode is carried out, which uses waste heat from the electrical component, in a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 8, the heat pump system can heat the interior of the vehicle using waste heat from the electrical component 15 without operating the air conditioning 50, and cool the electrical component 15 at the same time. Referring to Fig. 8, the first water pump 14 is operated in the cooling device 10 to circulate the coolant. In this scenario, branch line 18 and chiller connection line 31 are closed by operation of the first valve V1. Supply line 17 is open. Therefore, some of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. The battery coolant line 21, which connects the second water pump 22 and the battery module 24, is closed and the operation of the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated (e.g. discontinued). Meanwhile, in the heating device 40, the heating line 41 is connected to the coolant line 11 by operating the second valve V2. In the present state, the coolant, which has the temperature that has risen while passing through the electrical component 15 by the operation of the first water pump 14, is supplied to the heating line 41, which is connected to the open coolant line 11. The coolant introduced into the heating line 41 can be supplied to the heater 52a by operating the third water pump 42. The coolant supplied by the heater 52a is introduced through the second valve V2 into the open coolant line 11. Subsequently, the coolant introduced into the coolant line 11 is cooled as it passes through the radiator 12 and is reintroduced into the electrical component 15 along the coolant line 11 by operation of the first water pump 14. That is, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15, so that its temperature increases, and is supplied to the heater 52a through the heating line 41, which is connected to the coolant line 11. In this process, the coolant, whose temperature is increased due to the absorption of waste heat from the electrical component 15, circulates through the heating device 40. Subsequently, the coolant is cooled as it passes through the radiator 12 due to the operation of the first water pump 14. The coolant, which has been fully cooled, can recover waste heat as it passes through the electrical component 15, and can at the same time efficiently cool the electrical component 15. Meanwhile, the coolant, whose temperature has increased as it passes through the electrical component 15, circulates in the heating device 40 due to the operation of the third water pump 42 along the heating line 41. Accordingly, the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 is supplied to the condenser 53 after passing the heater 52a due to the operation of the third water pump 42. In this arrangement, the second coolant heater 43 is operated when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the heating line 41 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 can be heated. On the other hand, if the air heater 45 is used instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 can be operated selectively depending on the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a. That is, the air heater 45 can be operated when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a is lower than a target temperature, thereby heating the outside air flowing into the interior of the vehicle. The air heater 45 is operated when the temperature of the outside air, which has completed a heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant while passing through the heater 52a, is lower than a predetermined temperature or a target heating temperature. When the air heater 45 is operated, the outside air can be heated as it passes through the air heater 45 in order to be introduced into the vehicle interior in a state where the temperature is increased. In this case, the opening and closing flap 52b is opened so that the outside air flowing into the HVAC module 52 passes the heater 52a. As a result, the outside air flowing in from outside (the vehicle) enters the interior at an uncooled temperature when it passes through the evaporator 56, which is not supplied with refrigerant. The introduced outside air is then heated to a high temperature as it passes through the heater 52a before being introduced into the vehicle's interior, thus heating the vehicle's interior. On the other hand, the coolant supplied by the heater 52a is cooled as it passes through the radiator 12 along the coolant line 11 due to the operation of the first water pump 14. Subsequently, the cooled coolant can recover (e.g., absorb) waste heat from the electrical component 15 as it passes through the electrical component 15, and at the same time cool the electrical component 15. As a result, the coolant, which is cooled in the cooler 12, can be supplied to the electrical component 15, thus preventing the electrical component 15 from overheating. In other words, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to recover the waste heat generated in the electrical component 15 during the process described above and to use the waste heat for internal heating, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving overall heating efficiency. Furthermore, in various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the coolant that has passed through the heating device 40 is cooled in the cooler 12 and supplied to the electrical component 15, and the coolant can recover waste heat while passing through the electrical component 15, and at the same time efficiently cool the electrical component 15. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, operation in accordance with a low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle is described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 illustrates an operating state diagram in accordance with a low-temperature dehumidification mode in a heat pump system for a vehicle in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In this context, the low-temperature dehumidification mode is a mode that operates (in other words, runs; e.g., is operated) when dehumidification is required in the vehicle interior during the vehicle's heating mode. Referring to Fig. 9, if the waste heat from the electrical component 15 is sufficient, the heat pump system can recover the waste heat from the electrical component 15 and use it for internal heating of the vehicle. First, the first water pump 14 in the cooling device 10 is operated to circulate the coolant. At the same time, the supply line 17 is open. Therefore, some of the coolant stored in the reservoir tank 16 can be circulated along the coolant line 11 through the open supply line 17. In this process, the branch line 18 and the refrigeration unit connection line 31 are opened by operating the first valve V1. Accordingly, due to the branch line 18, a section of the coolant line 11, which is connected to the radiator 12, and a section of the coolant line 11, which connects the radiator 12 and the storage tank 16, are closed by operation of the first valve V1. In the present state, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 can circulate along the open branch line 18 and an open section of the coolant line 11 by operating the first water pump 14, without passing through the radiator 12. In this way, the coolant, which is introduced into the first valve V1 via the branch line 18, can be introduced into the refrigeration machine 30 along a section of the battery coolant line 21, which connects the refrigeration machine 30 and the first valve V1. The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is introduced into the first valve V1 along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31. Subsequently, the refrigerant is circulated via the first valve V1 in the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the electrical component 15. Meanwhile, the water pump 22 in the battery cooling device 20 is deactivated. Therefore, the coolant passing through the electrical component 15 circulates continuously along the coolant line 11, the branch line 18, an open section of the battery coolant line 21, and the chiller connection line 31, without passing through the radiator 12, and absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15, thus increasing its temperature. The coolant with the increased temperature can be supplied to the chiller 30, which is located on the battery coolant line 21. That is, the waste heat generated by the electrical component 15 increases the temperature of the coolant supplied to the chiller 30. The coolant, which is introduced from the branch line 18 through the fourth port P4 into the first valve V1, is introduced through the fifth port P5 into the battery coolant line 21, which is connected to the chiller 30. The refrigerant passing through the refrigeration unit 30 is then introduced along the open refrigeration unit connection line 31 into the third port P3 of the first valve V1. The refrigerant introduced into the third port P3 is discharged via the second port P2, which is connected to the third port P3, to the refrigerant line 11, which is connected to the first water pump 14. As such a process is repeated, the coolant absorbs the waste heat from the electrical component 15 and can increase its temperature. Meanwhile, in the heating device 40, the coolant circulates along the heating line 41 by operation of the third water pump 42. The coolant line 11 and the heating line 41 can each form an independent closed circuit by operating the second valve V2. Therefore, the coolant circulating through the heating line 41 can be supplied to the condenser 53 by operating the third water pump 42, after it has passed the heater 52a. As a result, the condenser 53 condenses the refrigerant supplied by the compressor 59, using the coolant circulating along the heating line 41. At this point, the temperature of the coolant circulating in heating line 41 is increased due to heat exchange with the refrigerant as it passes through the condenser 53. The coolant with the increased temperature can be supplied to the heater 52a along heating line 41. In this case, the second coolant heater 43 is operated when the temperature of the coolant circulating along the heating line 41 is lower than the target temperature, so that the coolant circulating in the heating line 41 can be heated. On the other hand, if the air heater 45 is used instead of the second coolant heater 43, the air heater 45 operates (works) when the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater 52a is lower than the target temperature, and the outside air introduced into the interior of the vehicle can be heated. The air heater 45 is operated when the temperature of the outside air, which has completed the heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant while passing through the heater 52a, is lower than a predetermined temperature or a target heating temperature. When the air heater 45 is operated, the outside air can be heated as it passes through the air heater 45 in order to be introduced into the vehicle interior in a state where the temperature is increased. Meanwhile, in the air conditioning system 50, each constituent element acts in such a way as to heat and dehumidify the interior of the vehicle. Accordingly, the refrigerant is circulated along the refrigerant line 51. In this, the refrigerant line 51, which connects the condenser 53 and the evaporator 56, is opened by operating the first expansion valve 55. The refrigerant connection line 61 is opened by operation of the second expansion valve 63. Here, the first and second expansion valves 55 and 63 can expand the refrigerant supplied by the heat exchanger 54 to the refrigerant connection line 61 and the refrigerant line 51, so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 56 or the refrigeration machine 30. The third expansion valve 65 can also supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 54 by expanding the refrigerant supplied by the condenser 53. Therefore, the heat exchanger 54 recovers the external heat while evaporating the expanded refrigerant through heat exchange with the outside air. The coolant, which absorbs the waste heat of the electrical component 15 and whose temperature increases, is recovered (e.g. its temperature is lowered again) by increasing the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the chiller 30, while it passes through the chiller 30 due to the operation of the first water pump 14. That is, the refrigeration machine 30 receives the refrigerant, which is supplied by the heat exchanger 54 and expanded by operation of the second expansion valve 63, through the refrigerant connection line 61 and evaporates the supplied refrigerant by heat exchange with the coolant, whose temperature is increased as it passes the electrical component 15, thereby recovering (in other words, recycling) the waste heat of the electrical component 15. Subsequently, the refrigerant passing through the refrigeration machine 30 is fed to the accumulator 57 along the refrigerant connection line 61. The refrigerant supplied to the accumulator 57 is separated into gas and liquid. The gaseous refrigerant, separated into gas and liquid, is then supplied to the compressor 59. The refrigerant, which is compressed at high temperature / high pressure by the compressor 59 (in other words, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor at high temperature / high pressure), flows into the condenser 53. Here, the refrigerant supplied to the condenser 53 can increase the temperature of the coolant by means of heat exchange with the coolant circulating through the heating line 41. The coolant with the increased temperature is supplied to the heater 52a. On the other hand, the expanded refrigerant, which is supplied to the evaporator 56 by operation of the first expansion valve 55, is supplied to the compressor 59 via the accumulator 57 along the refrigerant line 51, after a heat exchange with the outside air that passes through the evaporator 56. That is, the refrigerant that passes through the evaporator 56 can be supplied to the compressor 59 together with the refrigerant that is introduced into the accumulator 57 through the refrigerant connection line 61. The refrigerant, which is compressed by the compressor 59 at high temperature and high pressure (in other words, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor at high temperature and high pressure), is then introduced into the condenser 53. Here, the opening and closing flap 52b is open, so that the outside air, which is introduced into the HVAC module 52 and passes through the evaporator 56, passes through the heater 52a. That is, the outside air introduced into the HVAC module 52 is dehumidified by the refrigerant in its low-temperature state as it passes through the evaporator 56. Next, the outside air is converted to a high-temperature state as it passes through the heater 52a and is introduced into the vehicle interior, thus heating and dehumidifying the vehicle interior. That is, the heat pump system in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention selectively absorbs the external heat, depending on the interior temperature of the vehicle, together with the waste heat generated by the electrical component 15, in the low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle, by using this (i.e., the external heat and the waste heat of the electrical component) to increase the temperature of the refrigerant, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the compressor 59 and improving the heating efficiency. Therefore, when the heat pump system for the vehicle is applied in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention as described above, the temperature of the battery module 24 can be adjusted depending on the mode of the vehicle using one (e.g. only one) refrigeration unit 30 to carry out a heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant, and the interior of the vehicle can be heated using the refrigerant, thereby simplifying the entire system. In accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to improve the heating efficiency by recovering waste heat from the electrical component 15 and waste heat from the battery module 24 and using the same for internal heating. Furthermore, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to optimize the performance of the battery module 24 by efficiently controlling the temperature of the battery module 24 and to increase the total driving distance (e.g., total range) of the vehicle by efficiently managing the battery module 24. Furthermore, the present invention can use the second coolant heater 43, which is used in the heating device 40, to heat the battery module 24 or to assist in internal heating of the vehicle, thereby reducing costs and weight. Furthermore, the present invention selectively uses the external heat and the waste heat from the electrical component 15 and the battery module 24 in the heating mode of the vehicle, thereby improving the heating efficiency. The present invention also improves the condensation or evaporation performance of the refrigerant using the condenser 53 and the heat exchanger 54, thereby improving the cooling performance and reducing the energy consumption of the compressor 59. Furthermore, the entire system can be simplified, thus reducing manufacturing costs and weight and improving space utilization. In various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a control system is connected to at least one of the elements of the heat pump system in order to control its functions. Additionally, the terms "controller," "control unit," or "control device" refer to a hardware device comprising a memory and a processor configured to execute one or more steps, which are interpreted as an algorithmic structure. The memory stores algorithmic steps, and the processor executes the algorithmic steps to carry out one or more processes of a method in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.The control system, in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, can be implemented by a non-volatile memory configured to store algorithms for controlling functions of various components of a vehicle or data about software instructions for executing the algorithms, and by a processor configured to perform a function described above using the data stored in the memory. The memory and the processor can be separate chips. Alternatively, the memory and the processor can be integrated into a single chip. The processor can be implemented as one or more processors. The controller or control unit can be at least one microprocessor operated by a predetermined program which may include a series of instructions for executing the methods disclosed in the various exemplary embodiments of the present invention mentioned above. The invention mentioned above can also be implemented as computer-readable code on a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium is any data storage device capable of storing data that can subsequently be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable storage media include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), silicon-based drives (SDDs), read-only memory (ROMs), random-access memory (RAMs), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, etc., and implementations as carrier waves (for example, transmission over the internet). In various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, each function described above can be performed by a controller, and the controller can be formed by several controllers or an integrated single controller. To simplify explanation and provide accurate definitions in the appended claims, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "above," "below," "upward," "downward," "front," "back," "rear," "inside," "outside," "inward," "outward," "interior," "surroundings," "internal," "external," "inner," "outer," "forward," and "backward" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with respect to the positions of these features as shown in the figures. It will further be understood that the term "connect" or its derivatives refer to a direct and indirect connection.

Claims

Heat pump system for a vehicle, comprising: a cooling device (10) comprising a radiator (12), a first pump (14), a first valve (V1), a second valve (V2) and a storage tank (16) connected to each other by a coolant line (11) to circulate a coolant in the coolant line (11) to cool at least one electrical component (15) arranged on the coolant line (11); a battery cooling device (20) comprising a battery coolant line (21) connected to the coolant line (11) via the first valve (V1), and a second pump (22) and a battery module (24) connected to each other via the battery coolant line (21) to circulate the coolant in the battery module (24);a refrigeration unit (30) arranged on the battery coolant line (21) between the first valve (V1) and the battery module (24) and connected to a refrigerant line (51) of an air conditioning system (50) via a refrigerant connection line (61) to adjust the temperature of the coolant by performing a heat exchange between the coolant circulating in the battery coolant line (21) and a refrigerant selectively supplied by the air conditioning system (50); a heating device (40) comprising a heating line (41) connected to the coolant line (11) via the second valve (V2) to heat a vehicle interior using a coolant, and a third pump (42) and a heater (52a) arranged on the heating line (41);a branch line (18) having a first end section connected to the coolant line (11) between the second valve (V2) and the radiator (12), and a second end section connected to the first valve (V1); and a refrigeration unit connection line (31) connecting the refrigeration unit (30) and the first valve (V1) separately from the battery coolant line (21); wherein the storage tank (16) is arranged between the radiator (12) and the first valve (V1) on the coolant line (11) and is connected to the coolant line (11) connecting the first valve (V1) and the first pump (14) by a supply line (17) bypassing the first valve (V1); and wherein a condenser (53) encompassed by the air conditioning unit (50) is connected to the heating line (41) to pass on the coolant circulating through the heating device (40). Heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein the first valve (V1) has: a first port (P1) connected to the coolant line (11) connected to the storage tank (16); a second port (P2) connected to the coolant line (11) connected to the first pump (14); a third port (P3) connected to the chiller connection line (31); a fourth port (P4) connected to the branch line (18); a fifth port (P5) connected to the battery coolant line (21) connected to the chiller (30); and a sixth port (P6) connected to the battery coolant line (21) connected to the second pump (22). Heat pump system according to claim 2, wherein the first valve (V1) is configured to be operated to discharge the coolant through a port adjacent to a port into which the coolant is introduced, from the first port (P1), the second port (P2), the third port (P3), the fourth port (P4), the fifth port (P5) and the sixth port (P6). Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air conditioning system (50) comprises: a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) module (52) comprising an evaporator (56) connected thereto via the refrigerant line (51) and a flap (52b) configured to control outside air passing through the evaporator (56) so that it is selectively introduced into the heater (52a) depending on a cooling mode, a heating mode and a heating and dehumidifying mode in the vehicle; the condenser (53) arranged on the heating line (41) between the second valve (V2) and the heater (52a) to circulate a coolant therein to perform heat exchange between the coolant and a refrigerant supplied through the refrigerant line (51); a compressor (59) connected through the refrigerant line (51) between the evaporator (56) and the condenser (53);a heat exchanger (54) arranged between the condenser (53) and the evaporator (56) in the refrigerant line (51); a first expansion valve (55) arranged between the heat exchanger (54) and the evaporator (56) in the refrigerant line (51); a second expansion valve (63) arranged in the refrigerant connection line (61); an accumulator (57) arranged in the refrigerant line (51) between the evaporator (56) and the compressor (59) and connected to the refrigerant connection line (61); and a third expansion valve (65) arranged between the condenser (53) and the heat exchanger (54) in the refrigerant line (51). Heat pump system according to claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger (54) additionally condenses or evaporates the refrigerant that is condensed in the condenser (53) by means of a heat exchange with the outside air depending on a selective operation of the third expansion valve (65). Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the second expansion valve (63) expands the refrigerant introduced through the refrigerant connection line (61) to flow to the chiller (30) when the battery module (24) is cooled by means of the refrigerant, and wherein the third expansion valve (65) selectively expands the refrigerant introduced into the heat exchanger (54) in the heating mode and a low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle. Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a first end section of the refrigerant connection line (61) between the heat exchanger (54) and the first expansion valve (55) is connected to the refrigerant line (51), and wherein a second end section of the refrigerant connection line (61) is connected to the accumulator (57). Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the heat exchanger (54) is an air-cooled heat exchanger and the refrigeration machine (30) and the condenser (53) are each a water-cooled heat exchanger. Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the HVAC module (52) further comprises an air heater (45) which is arranged on a side facing away from the evaporator (56) with respect to the heater (52a) which is arranged between the air heater (45) and the evaporator (56) in order to selectively heat the outside air which passes through the heater (52a). Heat pump system according to claim 9, wherein the air heater (45) is configured to operate to increase the temperature of the outside air passing through the heater (52a) when the temperature of a coolant supplied to the heater (52a) is lower than a target temperature for internal heating. Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 10, wherein, when the battery module (24) is cooled in the vehicle's cooling mode, the coolant in the cooling device (10) is circulated in the coolant line (11) by means of operation of the first pump (14) and the supply line (17) is open; the branch line (18) and the chiller connection line (31) are closed by operation of the first valve (V1); the coolant line (11) and the battery coolant line (21) form independent closed circuits by operation of the first valve (V1); in the battery cooling device (20), the coolant passing through the chiller (30) is supplied to the battery module (24) along the battery coolant line (21) by operation of the second pump (22);In the heating device (40), the coolant line (11) and the heating line (41) are connected by operation of the second valve (V2), so that the coolant is supplied from the cooling device (10); in the air conditioning system (50), in a state in which the refrigerant connection line (61) is open by operation of the second expansion valve (63), the refrigerant circulates along the refrigerant line (51) and the refrigerant connection line (61); the first and second expansion valves (55, 63) expand the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator (56) and the refrigeration unit (30) accordingly; and the third expansion valve (65) allows the refrigerant supplied from the condenser (53) to flow into the heat exchanger (54). Heat pump system according to claim 11, wherein the heating device (40) is configured to supply the coolant supplied by the cooling device (10) to the condenser (53) by operating the third pump (42), and wherein the condenser (53) condenses the refrigerant by heat exchange with the coolant and the heat exchanger (54) additionally condenses the refrigerant supplied by the condenser (53) by heat exchange with the outside air. Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 12, wherein, when waste heat from an external heat source and the at least one electrical component (15) is recovered in the vehicle's heating mode, the branch line (18) and the chiller connection line (31) are opened by operation of the first valve (V1) and the supply line (17) is open; in the cooling device (10), due to the branch line (18), a section of the coolant line (11) connected to the radiator (12) and the storage tank (16) is closed, and the coolant passing through the at least one electrical component (15) circulates along the open branch line (18) and an open section of the coolant line (11) by operation of the first pump (14), without passing through the radiator (12);the coolant, which is introduced into the first valve (V1) through the branch line (18), is introduced into the refrigeration unit (30) along a section of the battery coolant line (21) that connects the refrigeration unit (30) and the first valve (V1); the coolant, which passes through the refrigeration unit (30), is introduced into the first valve (V1) along the open refrigeration unit connecting line (31) and is then circulated via the first valve (V1) in the coolant line (11) which is connected to the at least one electrical component (15); the coolant line (11) and the heating line (41) each form an independent closed circuit through operation of the second valve (V2); in the heating device (40), the coolant is circulated along the heating line (41) through operation of the third pump (42);In the air conditioning system (50), the refrigerant line (51) connecting the condenser (53) and the evaporator (56) is closed by operation of the first expansion valve (55); the refrigerant connection line (61) is opened by operation of the second expansion valve (63); the second expansion valve (63) expands a refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant connection line (61) and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the refrigeration unit (30); the third expansion valve (65) expands the refrigerant supplied by the condenser (53) to be supplied to the heat exchanger (54). Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 13, wherein, when waste heat from an external heat source and the battery module (24) is recovered in the vehicle's heating mode, the branch line (18) and the chiller connection line (31) are closed by operation of the first valve (V1) and the supply line (17) is closed; the cooling device (10) is deactivated; in the battery cooling device (20), the battery coolant line (21) is not connected to the coolant line (11) by operation of the first valve (V1), and the coolant passing through the battery module (24) is supplied to the chiller (30) by operation of the second pump (22); in the heating device (40), the heating line (41) is not connected to the coolant line (11) by operation of the second valve (V2), and the coolant circulates along the heating line (41) by operation of the third pump (42);In the air conditioning system (50), the refrigerant line (51) connecting the condenser (53) and the evaporator (56) is closed by operation of the first expansion valve (55); the refrigerant connection line (61) is opened by operation of the second expansion valve (63); the second expansion valve (63) expands a refrigerant that is supplied to the refrigerant connection line (61) and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the refrigeration unit (30); and the third expansion valve (65) expands the refrigerant supplied from the condenser (53) to be supplied to the heat exchanger (54). Heat pump system according to one of claims 4 to 14, wherein, when a low-temperature dehumidification mode of the vehicle is performed, the branch line (18) and the refrigeration unit connection line (31) are opened by operation of the first valve (V1) and the supply line (17) is open; in the cooling device (10) due to the branch line (18) a section of the coolant line (11) which is connected to the radiator (12) and the storage tank (16) is closed and the coolant passing through the at least one electrical component (15) circulates along the open branch line (18) and an open section of the coolant line (11) by operation of the first pump (14) without passing through the radiator (12);the coolant, which is introduced into the first valve (V1) through the branch line (18), is introduced into the refrigeration unit (30) along a section of the battery coolant line (21) that connects the refrigeration unit (30) and the first valve (V1); the coolant, which passes through the refrigeration unit (30), is introduced into the first valve (V1) along the open refrigeration unit connecting line (31) and is then circulated through the first valve (V1) in the coolant line (11) which is connected to the at least one electrical component (15); the coolant line (11) and the heating line (41) each form an independent closed circuit through operation of the second valve (V2); in the heating device (40), the coolant is circulated along the heating line (41) through operation of the third pump (42);In the air conditioning system (50), the refrigerant is circulated along the refrigerant line (51) and the refrigerant connecting line (61) by operation of the first and second expansion valves (55, 63), respectively; the first and second expansion valves (55, 63) expand the refrigerant so that the expanded refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator (56) and the refrigeration unit (30) accordingly; the third expansion valve (65) expands the refrigerant supplied by the condenser (53) to be supplied to the heat exchanger (54). Heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, when the at least one electrical component (15) and the battery module (24) are cooled using the coolant, the branch line (18) is closed by operation of the first valve (V1); the chiller connection line (31) is open by operation of the first valve (V1) and the supply line (17) is open; a section of the battery coolant line (21) connecting the chiller (30) and the first valve (V1) is closed by operation of the first valve (V1); the coolant line (11) connecting the storage tank (16) and the first valve (V1) is connected to the battery coolant line (21) by operation of the first valve (V1); the coolant, which is cooled in the radiator (12), is pumped from the first valve (V1) along the battery coolant line (21) by operation of the first and second pumps (14, 22) to the battery module (24) happened;the coolant, passing through the battery module (24), is introduced from the chiller (30) along the open chiller connection line (31) into the first valve (V1) and is then supplied to the at least one electrical component (15) while flowing through the coolant line (11) which is connected to the first pump (14). Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, when waste heat from the at least one electrical component (15) is used in a heating mode of the vehicle without operating the air conditioning system (50), the branch line (18) and the refrigeration unit connection line (31) are open by operation of the first valve (V1); in the cooling device (10), the coolant line (11) connected to the radiator (12), the storage tank (16) and the first valve (V1) is closed due to the branch line (18); the supply line (17) is open; the battery coolant line (21), except for the battery coolant line (21) connected to the refrigeration unit (30), is closed by operation of the first valve (V1); in the heating device (40), the heating line (41) is connected to the coolant line (11) by operation of the second valve (V2);the coolant, which has a temperature that has increased while passing the at least one electrical component (15) due to operation of the first pump (14), is fed to the heating line (41) which is connected to the open coolant line (11) without passing through the radiator (12); the coolant introduced into the heating line (41) is supplied to the heater (52a) by operation of the third pump (42); the coolant discharged from the heater (52a) is introduced into the first valve (V1) along the open coolant line (11) and the open branch line (18); the coolant introduced into the first valve (V1) is reintroduced into the first valve (V1) along the open chiller connection line (31) after passing through the chiller (30) along the open section of the battery coolant line (21);and the coolant, which is reintroduced into the first valve (V1), is supplied along the open coolant line (11) to the at least one electrical component (15). Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, when in a heating mode of the vehicle waste heat from the at least one electrical component (15) is used without operating the air conditioning system (50), and cooling of the at least one electrical component (15) is required, the branch line (18) and the refrigeration unit connection line (31) are closed by operation of the first valve (V1); in the cooling device (10) the coolant line (11) is open; the supply line (17) is open; the battery cooling device (20) is deactivated; in the heating device (40) the heating line (41) is connected to the coolant line (11) by operation of the second valve (V2); the coolant, which has a temperature that has risen while passing through the at least one electrical component (15) by operation of the first pump (14), is supplied to the heating line (41) which is connected to the coolant line (11);the coolant introduced into the heating line (41) is supplied to the heater (52a) by operation of the third pump (42); and the coolant discharged from the heater (52a) is cooled while passing through the radiator (12) along the coolant line (11) by operation of the first pump (14), and then recovers waste heat from the at least one electrical component (15) while passing through the at least one electrical component (15), and at the same time cools the at least one electrical component (15). Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the supply line (17) is connected to the coolant line (11) when the coolant is circulated to the coolant line (11) due to the operation of the first pump (14). Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the battery cooling device (20) further comprises a first coolant heater (26) arranged in the battery coolant line (21) between the battery module (24) and the refrigeration machine (30), and the first coolant heater (26) is operated to heat the coolant supplied to the battery module (24) along the battery coolant line (21) when the battery module (24) is heated.

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