Blasting media based on granular activated carbon

Abstract

Use of spherical activated carbon as an abrasive for the mechanical abrasion treatment of surfaces of solid objects, preferably as a blasting agent, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 5 Newton to 60 Newton and wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the activated carbon.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of solid objects, and in particular of workpieces (also referred to synonymously as materials). In this context, the present invention relates in particular to the technical field of blasting technology, i.e., the treatment of surfaces of objects or solid workpieces using an abrasive or blasting medium (also referred to synonymously as blasting material).

[0002] Against this background, the present invention relates in particular to the field of blasting technology as a sub-field of surface technology, in which an abrasive or blasting agent is allowed to act on or guided for the purposes of surface treatment with in particular high speed or high kinetic energy onto the surface of an object or workpiece to be treated, for example by means of a (compressed) air jet or the like.

[0003] In particular, the present invention relates to the use of particulate activated carbon as an abrasive or, in particular, as a blasting agent, in particular for the mechanical abrasion treatment (abrasive treatment) of surfaces of solid objects and, in particular, of workpieces or materials, and preferably as a blasting agent or blasting material.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the method for the mechanical abrasion treatment of surfaces of solid objects, in particular workpieces or materials, wherein in the method according to the invention particulate activated carbon is used as an abrasive or blasting agent or is allowed to act on the surfaces to be treated.

[0005] The present invention also relates to the object according to the invention and obtained by the method according to the invention as such, in particular the workpiece (material) according to the invention.

[0006] In the prior art, blasting technology processes are used in particular for the purpose of surface treatment of workpieces or materials or solid objects in order to bring about targeted processing or modification of the surface of the underlying material. In these processes, a blasting medium or blasting material is generally used, whereby this is predominantly solid particles. The blasting medium is guided onto the surface to be treated at high speed or with high kinetic energy using energy carriers such as (compressed) air. The impact of the blasting medium on the surface of the workpiece to be treated is accompanied by a corresponding mechanical action of the blasting medium on the surface, so that the desired effect, such as the removal of contaminants or paint layers, can be achieved.

[0007] In general, the processes of blasting technology (colloquially also referred to as sandblasting) therefore refer to blasting with a solid blasting medium for the purpose of surface treatment of a workpiece by the action of the blasting medium, for example as an abrasive agent or grinding agent against rust, dirt, paint, scale and other contaminants or for surface design, for example by matting, or the like.

[0008] The desired effect of blasting can be, for example, targeted material removal (e.g., of contaminants, rust, paint layers, or the like), roughening or matting of the surface, or hardening or compacting of the treated surface. The desired effect can be determined or influenced, for example, by the selection of the blasting media and other process conditions, such as blasting pressure, exposure time or duration, taking into account the properties of the workpiece to be treated.

[0009] Blasting techniques are generally used to specifically clean, roughen, smooth, deburr, or strengthen the material surfaces of objects. Blasting treatment can also involve targeted material removal from the surface of the workpiece, both with regard to the removal of materials present on the surface of the workpiece (such as layers of paint or varnish, rust film, and other contaminants such as grease or dust ("foreign materials")) and with regard to the removal of the base material itself (e.g., metal in the case of metal-based workpieces, such as cast bodies or the like, or wood in the case of wood-based workpieces ("foreign materials")).

[0010] Blasting techniques are generally used in the construction industry, for example, and especially in the metalworking industry. In addition to removing or ablating layers of paint or varnish, as well as other thin layers or contaminants such as plaster residue or the like, for example, on metal or concrete objects, blasting techniques are also used, for example, in the cleaning of plastics or the reconditioning of wooden objects or structures, as well as in the decorative field, for example, for the purpose of matting glass, stone, or similar solid materials.

[0011] Workpieces processed using blasting technology thus have specifically predefined or adjusted surface properties that enhance the workpiece itself or make it accessible for subsequent processing steps, for example as preparation for appropriate post-processing of the workpiece thus obtained, such as painting, galvanic treatment or the like.

[0012] As previously mentioned, the choice of blasting media has a significant influence on the effect to be achieved by the blasting treatment and the associated (surface) effect of the blasting treatment. In this context, the blasting media can be selected based on its hardness, shape, mass, etc., as well as the surface to be treated and the type of treatment or the desired effect (e.g., roughening the surface or removing contaminants). The specific blasting media used therefore has a significant influence on the surface properties and surface structure of the workpiece after treatment.

[0013] With regard to the blasting media, the state of the art generally uses particulate materials with relatively high mechanical strength and hardness and variable shapes. A variety of different blasting media, each with specific properties, are known in the state of the art. These differ from one another in terms of their chemical composition and underlying physical properties.

[0014] For example, depending on the specific application and the desired effect on the object to be processed, the prior art uses abrasive materials such as corundum, garnet sand, plastic, glass or ceramic beads, glass granules, slag blasting media, and chilled cast iron or cast steel particles. However, these materials also have disadvantages, for example, with regard to their range of applications, disposal, and procurement costs.

[0015] DE 40 03 324 A1 relates to a blasting process in which a blasting agent is accelerated by means of compressed air towards a surface to be treated, with glass beads being used in particular as the blasting agent.

[0016] Furthermore, DE 29 16 131 A1 relates to a device for treating a surface, wherein the device comprises a gun for directing abrasives onto the surface to be ground. The gun is connected to a compressed air source. Grit or grit, for example, can be used as the abrasive.

[0017] In this context, the current state of the art often involves the use of so-called primary materials, such as corundum, as blasting media. These materials are sometimes costly to produce or supply, especially since the use of such primary materials in other technical fields is often associated with higher value. Silicon carbide, used as a blasting media, also has very high acquisition costs.

[0018] Furthermore, state-of-the-art blasting media are often provided by independent manufacturing processes, i.e. by processes that serve exclusively to manufacture the blasting media, which, however, is sometimes economically and ecologically disadvantageous, since independent production lines with independent material and energy input or consumption must be provided.

[0019] Furthermore, state-of-the-art blasting abrasives sometimes have undefined and difficult to reproduce surface properties, making them difficult to handle in order to achieve the desired result of a blasting treatment. For example, corundum can be a blasting abrasive with very sharp edges, which can limit its application and use. Furthermore, state-of-the-art blasting abrasives sometimes have suboptimal application properties, meaning that high levels of dust can be released during blasting processes. For example, the use of quartz sand is problematic because it often releases fine, harmful dust during blasting, which can cause silicosis.In addition, blasting abrasives used in the current state of the art sometimes have less than optimal environmental properties, including with regard to their disposal or, if at all possible, their recycling after use. Disposal or recycling can therefore sometimes be complex and equally costly.

[0020] In summary, it can be stated that the blasting abrasives used in the state of the art for blasting technology processes do not always exhibit optimal application, provision, and disposal properties, and are not always satisfactory from an economic and ecological perspective. However, due to the widespread use of blasting technologies and the diverse possible applications, as well as against the backdrop of increasingly stringent environmental requirements and regulations, and not least from a cost perspective, there is a great need in the state of the art for the provision of blasting abrasives with improved properties. In particular, there is also a great need for the provision of corresponding blasting abrasives with improved sustainability, which also enable a wide range of applications and uses in the field of blasting technology.

[0021] The publication JP 2011-237378 relates to a blasting device for blasting an object to be cleaned in a nuclear facility. This blasting device is intended to use a material made of carbon or coal as the blasting material or blasting agent. However, this is not activated carbon, but rather merely a carbon material as such with overall inconsistent properties that are not reproducible in their entirety with respect to coal as such. There is also no disclosure regarding the shape of the carbon material. Rather, it is a material with an undefined surface or physical configuration. A merely nonspecific grain-shaped configuration, however, leads to overall undefined properties when used as a blasting agent, particularly in conjunction with a non-optimized surface treatment of a workpiece.

[0022] The publication JP 2020-125776 A relates to a surface treatment method for a specific component of a wave gear ("Surface treatment method of gear for wave decelerator"). The component is subjected to a two-stage treatment, in which particles or grains of a carbide material are first applied to the component, followed by particles or grains of another material. Carbide-based grains are to be used; however, carbides are carbon compounds, with silicon compounds being used in particular. The second material to be used in the second process step is also to be made of ceramic materials or, similarly, carbides (as for the first material).

[0023] Finally, US Pat. No. 5,405,648 A relates to a process for coating particles with a polymer coating, wherein the particle material is mixed with water containing a wetting agent; further, a liquid silane is added to the resulting mixture as a polymer coupling agent and the resulting mixture is stirred while a liquid prepolymer urethane is added, thereby forming a polymer urethane coating on the particles. The particles are said to be suitable for use in abrasive blasting processes. However, the focus is necessarily on composite particles, namely coated particles, and in this context, it is expressly provided that the core material of the composite particles is an inert material, such as glass beads.

[0024] Against this background, one object of the present invention is to find or provide a further material with a view to use as a blasting agent and to use it in the technical field of surface treatment or blasting technology, whereby the previously described disadvantages of the prior art are to be at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.

[0025] In particular, the present invention seeks to find or provide a further blasting agent which has a broad range of applications in the field of blasting technology and improved or defined handling or use properties and which can thus be used for a variety of possible processing objectives in blasting technology (such as surface cleaning, derusting, paint removal from the surface, surface hardening, surface roughening or the like).

[0026] Likewise, the material provided according to the invention should be tailored or individually designed, in particular with regard to the respective application or usage background (for example with regard to a desired effect of targeted decoating, cleaning, roughening, matting or the like of an underlying workpiece or material).

[0027] Furthermore, a further object of the present invention is to provide a blasting agent or to supply a material for use in blasting technology processes, which overall also leads to improved cost efficiency and thus to improved economics, also with regard to its provision and disposal.

[0028] In particular, within the scope of a further object underlying the present invention, the sustainability of blasting processes or of blasting media provided or used in this regard is to be increased, both with regard to the provision or production of such materials and their disposal or recycling (i.e. with regard to a targeted technical use of residual or waste materials), so that an improved environmental balance and thus an improved ecology is also to be achieved.

[0029] A further object of the present invention is also to provide corresponding materials or pieces or objects as such which, as a result of treatment by means of blasting technology, have improved or specifically adjusted or developed surface properties and thus overall optimized product properties.

[0030] In this context, a further object of the present invention is to be seen in particular in making preferably particulate production residues from, in particular, industrial or chemical production processes further and efficiently usable and to provide them for further use, in particular also from the aspect of improving the economic efficiency and ecology not only of processes associated with the further use.

[0031] As the applicant has now discovered in a completely surprising way, the problem stated above and underlying the present invention can be solved in an unexpected way by providing, within the scope of the present invention, a special use of particulate, namely spherical, activated carbon with properties as defined below and in the patent claims, namely as an abrasive, in particular for the mechanical abrasive treatment of surfaces of solid objects, in particular materials or pieces, and preferably as a blasting agent (blasting material), in particular in the field of blasting technology or related blasting technology processes, such as compressed air blasting or the like.

[0032] As explained in more detail below, it can also be provided within the scope of the present invention that the activated carbon or the abrasive or blasting agent is in the form of an activated carbon production residue, as is particularly the case during the production of activated carbon as part of the related carbonization or activation in corresponding devices. In this context, DE 10 2006 052 377 A1 relates to a rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon based on carbonization and activation. During the production of activated carbon in this way, activated carbon production residues sometimes arise during the production process involving carbonization and activation, in particular insofar as activated carbon particles are discharged from the device by being entrained or carried along, so to speak, by the production or air stream as it is formed in connection with the carbonization or activation atmospheres used.Such activated carbon production residues have not yet been put to any further technical use, particularly due to the existing inhomogeneities and the wide range of absorptive properties, which preclude the actual use of activated carbon as an adsorptive agent. Instead, they have been largely disposed of through time-consuming and costly measures.

[0033] In particular, the applicant has equally and completely surprisingly discovered that the present problem can also be solved by providing a special process, defined in the relevant process patent claims, for the mechanical abrasion treatment of surfaces of solid objects using activated carbon as an abrasive or blasting agent.

[0034] In a corresponding manner, the above object is also achieved by an object or workpiece obtained by means of the method according to the invention.

[0035] To achieve the above-described object, the present invention thus proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - the inventive use of particulate, namely spherical, activated carbon as an abrasive for the mechanical abrasive treatment of surfaces of solid objects, preferably as a blasting agent, according to claim 1. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the inventive use are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

[0036] A further subject matter of the present invention—according to a second aspect of the present invention—is the inventive method for mechanical abrasion treatment (abrasive treatment) of surfaces of solid objects, in particular workpieces, according to the related independent claim relating to the method according to the invention. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the inventive method are the subject matter of the related subclaims.

[0037] Furthermore, a further subject matter of the present invention—according to a third aspect of the present invention—is also the object, in particular the workpiece, according to the invention, which is obtained by the method according to the invention, according to the independent claim in this regard. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the object or workpiece according to the invention are the subject matter of the related subclaim.

[0038] It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such configurations, embodiments, advantages, examples or the like which are explained below - for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition - only with regard to a single aspect of the invention, naturally also apply accordingly with regard to the other aspects of the invention, without the need for express mention.

[0039] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers, and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, depending on the individual case or application, deviations from the specified ranges or specifications may occur without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, all values ​​or parameter specifications or the like mentioned below can generally be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination procedures or, alternatively, using determination or measurement methods that are familiar to a person skilled in the art.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be noted that with all relative or percentage quantities, particularly weight-related quantities, listed below, these quantities must be selected or combined by the person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the total – optionally including other components or ingredients, in particular as defined below – always amounts to 100% or 100% by weight. However, this is self-evident to the person skilled in the art.

[0042] With that in mind, the present invention will be described in more detail below.

[0043] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention thus relates to the use of particulate, namely spherical, activated carbon as an abrasive for the mechanical abrasion treatment (abrasive treatment) of surfaces of solid objects, in particular workpieces, preferably as a blasting agent (blasting material), wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 5 Newton to 60 Newton and wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the activated carbon.

[0044] In this regard, the present invention is particularly directed to a related use of the activated carbon in or for blasting technology processes, such as compressed air blasting processes or the like.

[0045] A fundamental idea of ​​the present invention is therefore to be seen in particular in the fact that, according to the invention, activated carbon is used specifically as an abrasive or blasting agent for the technical field of surface treatment of workpieces and in particular for the field of blasting technology.

[0046] In this context, the applicant has discovered, quite surprisingly, that activated carbon is exceptionally suitable for the inventive use as an abrasive or blasting agent, both from a technical and economic and environmental perspectives. Thus, the activated carbon used as a blasting agent according to the invention is a material with defined properties that are associated with particularly good handling with regard to the inventive use as an abrasive or blasting agent.

[0047] The activated carbon used in the invention, or the activated carbon-based abrasive according to the invention, is a material with excellent flow properties and also exhibits high and defined mechanical strengths and hardnesses. This allows, on the one hand, controlled and high pressure application during blasting processes and, on the other hand, ensures a defined interaction of the activated carbon acting as a blasting agent upon impact with the surfaces of solid objects or workpieces to be treated, so that the desired effects on the surface can also be specifically specified.

[0048] Due to the high mechanical stability of the activated carbon, a high kinetic energy of the blasting material can also be achieved in this context, which can correspondingly enhance the interaction or effect of the activated carbon on the surface. Furthermore, the activated carbons used according to the invention as abrasive or blasting media also exhibit defined surface properties, particularly with regard to the spherical shape or structure of the activated carbon used according to the invention, which leads to a further defined and optimized interaction with the surface to be treated.

[0049] Furthermore, the activated carbons employed or used in the present invention exhibit particularly narrow particle or grain size distributions, while also exhibiting defined specific densities. Particularly in combination with the granular or spherical shape of the activated carbon, this results in a gentle and easily adjustable and controllable interaction with the surface of the workpieces to be treated.

[0050] Due to the aforementioned properties, excessive abrasiveness can be avoided when used as an abrasive or blasting agent in corresponding blasting processes.

[0051] Due to its high hardness, it also reduces abrasion and dust formation when used as an abrasive or blasting agent, which is also considered positive in terms of health and environmental aspects. Within the scope of the present invention, high environmental compatibility is also ensured by the fact that the activated carbon used is fundamentally non-toxic.

[0052] Another key advantage of the activated carbon used is that it is at least essentially chemically inert, thus avoiding or reducing unwanted reactions with the surface to be treated. Furthermore, the activated carbon used in the invention offers simple and, overall, ecologically advantageous disposal, since the activated carbon can be thermally disposed of or recycled after use, which further contributes to overall sustainability. Recycling is also possible in principle.

[0053] Furthermore, activated carbon as such is at least essentially chemically inert, particularly with regard to the workpieces to be treated. Consequently, no undesirable chemical surface modifications of the workpiece occur during the blasting treatment of surfaces due to the activated carbon. Rather, according to the invention, as explained below, the treated workpiece is coated with a thin, particularly continuous, carbon layer on the surface, in the manner of or in the form of a protective or passive layer, by using activated carbon as a special abrasive or blasting agent. This also provides protection for the treated workpiece against environmental influences.

[0054] As explained in more detail below, the activated carbon used according to the invention as an abrasive or blasting agent can in particular also be activated carbon which is present as an activated carbon production residue arising from the manufacture of activated carbon. Consequently, the activated carbon used according to the invention can, so to speak, be surplus material arising from the manufacture of activated carbon - i.e. a residual amount - which has not yet been subjected to any further sustainable technical recycling or use and which has so far had to be disposed of in a time-consuming and costly manner. Within the scope of the inventive use as an abrasive or blasting agent.Blasting media can thus, for the first time, provide for further utilization of such activated carbon, which is accompanied by corresponding economic advantages and also leads to improved ecological and economic sustainability of the underlying processes or methods of activated carbon production itself, since activated carbon production residues can be further and efficiently utilized.

[0055] With regard to the terms "surfaces" and "objects" or "workpieces" as used in the context of the present invention, these terms also include the respective singular and thus refer in particular to (at least) one surface or (at least) one object or (at least) one workpiece as such. Thus, the present invention also relates to the use of particulate, in particular granular, preferably spherical, activated carbon as an abrasive agent, in particular for the mechanical abrasive treatment (abrasive treatment) of (at least) one surface of an object or workpiece.

[0056] In the context of the present invention, the terms “abrasive” or “blasting medium” or “blast material” refer, with regard to the inventive use of activated carbon and with regard to the underlying function, in particular to all effects which preferably occur as a result of an interaction with the surface of an object to be treated, as are caused in particular by an impact of the abrasive or blasting medium, in particular in the context of the relevant application in blasting processes, such as compressed air blasting or the like. This includes, for example and in a non-limiting manner, the removal or ablation of body or type-specific surface material of the underlying workpiece (e.g. in the context of roughening the surface or the like), but also body orforeign surface material of the underlying material (such as paint layers, contaminants, rust film, or the like). Likewise, the terms in question also refer, in a non-limiting manner, to surface compaction or strengthening, as well as the finishing or provision of the surface with carbon, as explained below.

[0057] With regard to the activated carbon particles, activated carbon grains, or activated carbon spheres (here also referred to simply as activated carbon) according to the invention as such, the parameters listed for this purpose are determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination procedures or methods familiar to the person skilled in the art. In particular, the parameters relating to the characterization of porosity (or pore size distribution and other adsorption properties) generally result from the corresponding nitrogen sorption isotherms of the activated carbon in question or the measured products. In addition, the pore distribution, in particular with regard to the content of pores of a defined size in relation to the total pore volume, can be determined, in particular based on DIN 66135-1.

[0058] As far as the activated carbon used in the context of the use according to the invention is concerned, this has a defined particle size: Thus, it is provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has an absolute particle size, in particular an absolute particle diameter, in the range from 0.05 mm to 2.3 mm, in particular in the range from 0.07 mm to 2.1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.09 mm to 2.0 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.8 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 1.6 mm, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm. In this regard, it can be provided in particular that at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 99 wt.%, very particularly preferably 100 wt.-% of the activated carbon particles, in particular the activated carbon grains, preferably the activated carbon spheres, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, within the aforementioned ranges. The weight specifications in question refer in particular to the total quantity or mass of the activated carbon particles.

[0059] According to the invention, it is equally provided that the activated carbon has an average particle size, in particular an average particle diameter, in the range from 0.06 mm to 2.2 mm, in particular in the range from 0.08 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 1.7 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.4 mm.

[0060] In addition, it is provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has an average particle size (D50), ie an average particle diameter (D50), in the range from 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.8 mm, preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.6 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.4 mm, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.35 mm to 1.3 mm.

[0061] Regarding the aforementioned absolute particle sizes or the aforementioned average particle sizes or particle diameters, the relevant values ​​can be determined, in particular, by sieve analysis or according to the method according to ASTM D2862-97 / 04. For spherical activated carbon, the particle diameters refer to the spherical diameter of the underlying activated carbon particles or spheres.

[0062] The activated carbon used according to the invention as an abrasive or blasting agent preferably has a narrow grain or particle size distribution. This leads, in particular, to a uniform or defined interaction during blasting with the surface to be treated, accompanied by a uniform or consistent treatment of the underlying surface. This also leads to corresponding products or treated objects with improved (surface) properties.

[0063] In addition, the activated carbon used according to the invention is characterized in particular by a high mechanical strength and hardness: Thus, it has proven advantageous according to the invention if the activated carbon has an abrasion resistance (ball pan hardness) of at least 90%, in particular at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, particularly preferably at least 99.5%, very particularly preferably at least 99.9%, further preferably 100%.

[0064] Abrasion resistance or abrasion hardness can be determined using the method specified in ASTM D3802-05 or CEFIC (European Council of Chemical Manufacturers' Federations, Avenue Louise 250, Bte 71, B - 1050 Brussels, November 1986, European Council of Chemical Manufacturers' Federations, Test Methods for Activated Carbons, Section 1.6 "Mechanical Hardness," pages 18 / 19). Abrasion resistance or abrasion hardness can generally be determined according to ASTM D3802-05 or CEFIC.

[0065] Thus, the activated carbon used according to the invention is further characterized by excellent mechanical properties, which is also reflected in the high abrasion resistance.

[0066] The high mechanical stability of the activated carbon used according to the invention is also associated with a high compressive and / or bursting strength (weight load capacity per activated carbon grain): In this context, it is intended that the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength (weight load capacity) per activated carbon particle, in particular per activated carbon grain, preferably per activated carbon bead, of at least 5 Newtons, in particular at least 10 Newtons, preferably at least 15 Newtons, preferably at least 20 Newtons, particularly preferably at least 22.5 Newtons.In particular, the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength (weight load-bearing capacity) per activated carbon particle, in particular per activated carbon grain, preferably per activated carbon bead, in the range from 5 Newtons to 60 Newtons, in particular in the range from 10 Newtons to 50 Newtons, preferably in the range from 15 Newtons to 45 Newtons, preferably in the range from 20 Newtons to 40 Newtons, particularly preferably in the range from 22.5 Newtons to 35 Newtons. The compressive or bursting strength can be determined in a manner known per se to the person skilled in the art, in particular by determining the compressive or bursting strength on individual particles by applying force using a punch until the respective particle bursts.

[0067] Furthermore, it is preferred if the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Mohs hardness, of at least 1.5, in particular at least 1.75, preferably at least 2, preferably at least 2.25, particularly preferably at least 2.5. In particular, in this context, the activated carbon can have a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Mohs hardness, in the range from 1.5 to 7, in particular in the range from 1.75 to 6, preferably in the range from 2 to 5.5, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 5.25, particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 to 5.

[0068] Furthermore, it is preferred if the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Vickers hardness, of at least 20 HV, in particular at least 30 HV, preferably at least 40 HV, preferably at least 50 HV, particularly preferably at least 60 HV. In this context, it can equally be provided that the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Vickers hardness, in the range from 20 HV to 1,500 HV, in particular in the range from 30 HV to 1,000 HV, preferably in the range from 40 HV to 800 HV, preferably in the range from 50 HV to 650 HV, particularly preferably in the range from 60 HV to 500 HV.

[0069] The Vickers hardness values ​​specified according to the invention can be determined in particular in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507, in particular when carried out in the macro range and / or in particular with a test force in the range of 1 N to 500 N and / or in particular with an exposure time in the range of 5 s to 30 s and / or at a test temperature in the range of 10 °C to 35 °C.

[0070] Activated carbon as an abrasive or blasting agent with the aforementioned mechanical strengths or hardnesses is particularly suitable for the use according to the invention, namely in particular in that it ensures a high efficiency of the action on or processing of surfaces of underlying workpieces during the blasting application, without causing damage or excessive or uneven material removal on the workpiece.

[0071] In addition, the activated carbon can have a tapped density in the range from 100 g / l to 1,500 g / l, in particular in the range from 125 g / l to 1,000 g / l, preferably in the range from 150 g / l to 800 g / l, more preferably in the range from 200 g / l to 600 g / l, particularly preferably in the range from 225 g / l to 500 g / l, very particularly preferably in the range from 250 g / l to 400 g / l, further preferably in the range from 255 g / l to 395 g / l. In addition, the activated carbon can have a bulk density in the range of 150 g / l to 1,000 g / l, in particular in the range of 250 g / l to 700 g / l, preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 600 g / l, preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 550 g / l. The tapped density can be determined in particular according to DIN 53194. The bulk density can be determined in particular according to ASTM B527-93 / 00.

[0072] The aforementioned densities also lead to further improved properties of activated carbon as an abrasive or blasting agent. In particular, this also allows for the type and severity of the effects achieved during surface treatment to be controlled. In this context, the activated carbon used according to the invention can have comparatively low densities, which leads to gentle yet equally efficient material treatment, especially in combination with the other special properties of the activated carbon used according to the invention.

[0073] In particular, it can also be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 350 m 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially in the range of 400 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably in the range of 500 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 600 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferably in the range of 700 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, more preferably in the range of 800 m 2 / g up to 2,250 m 2 / g.

[0074] The determination of the specific surface area according to BET is basically known as such to those skilled in the art, so that no further details need to be given in this regard. All BET surface area data refer to the determination according to ASTM D6556-04. In the context of the present invention, the BET surface area is determined - in general and unless expressly stated otherwise - using the so-called MultiPoint BET determination method (MP-BET) in a partial pressure range p / p0 of 0.05 to 0.1. For further details on the determination of the BET surface area and the BET method, reference can be made to the aforementioned ASTM D6556-04 as well as to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York, keyword: “BET method”, including the literature cited therein, and to Winnacker-Küchler (3rd edition), volume 7, pages 93 ff. and to Z. Anal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968).

[0075] Likewise, the activated carbon can have a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.1 cm 3 / g up to 4 cm 3 / g, especially in the range of 0.2 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.4 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g.

[0076] Regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, this is a measurement / determination method well known to those skilled in the art. For further details regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, reference can be made, for example, to L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Russ. 47, 805, as well as to S. Lowell et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pages 111 ff. In particular, the pore volume of the activated carbon can be determined based on the Gurvich rule according to the formula V P = W a / ρ l be determined, where W a the adsorbed amount of an underlying adsorbate and ρ l represents the density of the adsorbate used (see also formula (8.20) according to page 111, chapter 8.4.) by S. Lowell et al.).

[0077] In addition, the activated carbon can also have an average pore diameter in the range of 0.5 nm to 100 nm, in particular in the range of 0.75 nm to 90 nm, preferably in the range of 1 nm to 80 nm, preferably in the range of 1.5 nm to 70 nm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.75 nm to 60 nm.

[0078] The mean pore diameter can be calculated from the quotient of four times the volume value of a liquid (adsorbate) absorbed or adsorbed by the activated carbon with completely filled pores (V gesamt ) on the one hand and the BET surface area (BET) on the other hand (pore diameter d = 4 · V gesamt / BET). In this regard, reference can be made to the relevant explanations according to RW Magee (loc. cit.), in particular to the formula representation (15) on page 71 of the reference in question.

[0079] The activated carbons used in the context of the invention can thus have a defined porosity or a defined pore system. This also leads to positive properties with regard to use as an abrasive or blasting agent in blasting applications. In particular, the aforementioned pore system configurations also lead to a further characterization of the structural properties of the activated carbon, not least with regard to strength, mass, or density.

[0080] According to the invention, it has also proven advantageous if the activated carbon has a water content or moisture content in the range from 0.05 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in particular in the range from 0.1 wt.% to 4 wt.%, preferably in the range from 0.15 wt.% to 3 wt.%, preferably in the range from 0.2 wt.% to 2 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 wt.% to 1.5 wt.%, based on the activated carbon.

[0081] The relevant determination is made in particular in accordance with ASTM D2862-97 / 04.

[0082] The defined water or moisture content of the activated carbon used according to the invention also involves further characterization of the activated carbon with regard to its underlying physical properties, for example, with regard to its mass (e.g., pore coverage or filling). The aforementioned value ranges regarding the water or moisture content also involve further chemical inerting, since the relatively low moisture content reduces the potentially adverse effects of moisture on the surface of a workpiece to be treated.

[0083] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous in the context of the present invention if the activated carbon has an ash content of at most 1.5 wt.%, in particular at most 1 wt.%, preferably at most 0.9 wt.%, preferably at most 0.8 wt.%, particularly preferably at most 0.7 wt.%, very particularly preferably at most 0.5 wt.%, further preferably at most 0.3 wt.%, based on the activated carbon. In this context, the activated carbon can have an ash content in the range from 0.005 wt% to 1.5 wt%, in particular in the range from 0.01 wt% to 1 wt%, preferably in the range from 0.02 wt% to 0.9 wt%, more preferably in the range from 0.03 wt% to 0.8 wt%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 wt% to 0.7 wt%, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.06 wt% to 0.5 wt%, further preferably in the range from 0.08 wt% to 0.3 wt%, and based on the activated carbon.The ash content can be determined, in particular, according to ASTM D2866-94 / 04. The low ash content leads to both improved physical integrity and stability of the activated carbon and reduced dust formation during use.

[0084] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has a fractal dimension of the open porosity of at most 2.9 (ie ≤ 2.9), in particular at most 2.89, preferably at most 2.85, preferably at most 2.8, particularly preferably at most 2.75, very particularly preferably at most 2.7. In this context, it can equally be provided within the scope of the present invention that the activated carbon has a fractal dimension of the open porosity in the range from 2.2 to 2.9, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 2.89, preferably in the range from 2.3 to 2.85, particularly preferably in the range from 2.35 to 2.8, very particularly preferably in the range from 2.4 to 2.75, further preferably in the range from 2.45 to 2.7.

[0085] Regarding the fractal dimension of open porosity as a measure of roughness, by general definition, a material is rougher the closer the value of the fractal dimension is to 3. Accordingly, smaller values ​​indicate a lower surface roughness of the activated carbon.

[0086] For further details on determining the fractal dimension of the activated carbon used according to the invention, reference can be made to the documents DE 102 54 241 A1, WO 2004 / 046033 A1, EP 1 562 855 B1 and to US 2006 / 148645 A1, which belongs to the same patent family, in particular to exemplary embodiment 4 cited in the respective documents. The respective content of the cited documents is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. As previously stated, the aforementioned fractal dimensions lead to further improved properties. The fractal dimension of the activated carbon used according to the invention can be determined in particular using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill method (FHH method). Reference can be made, for example, to P. Pfeiffer, YJ Wu, MW Cole and J. Krim, Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, 1997 (1989) and on AV Neimark, Ads. Sci. Tech., 7, 210 (1991) as well as on P. Pfeiffer, J. Kennter, and MWCole, Fundamentals of Adsorption (Edited by AB Mersmann and SE Sholl), Engineering Foundation, New York, 689 (1991).

[0087] Consequently, it can be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has a relatively low roughness, whereby the properties of the activated carbon can be further adjusted with regard to its use as an abrasive or blasting agent (for example with regard to a desired abrasiveness or a desired material protection).

[0088] With regard to the activated carbon used in the context of the use according to the invention, it can be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon is obtainable by carbonization and optionally subsequent activation of a starting material, in particular a synthetic and / or non-natural product-based starting material, preferably based on organic polymers. In this regard, the activated carbon can be obtained from a starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, more preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material. In this context, the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material can be in the range from 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, more preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.-%, based on the starting material. In particular, the starting material can be an ion exchange resin, in particular one containing sulfonic acid groups, particularly a gel-type resin. According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) is used as the activated carbon and / or that the activated carbon is a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

[0089] Such activated carbon, which can be obtained from synthetic or non-natural starting materials, exhibits particularly defined properties, which are associated with further advantages for the use according to the invention. For example, such activated carbons exhibit high homogeneity combined with high hardness and strength and a defined pore system. Furthermore, such activated carbons often exhibit an ideal spherical shape.

[0090] Within the scope of the inventive use, a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSC) is particularly suitable as an abrasive or blasting agent, as such activated carbon exhibits particularly defined properties with regard to its shape, since it produces nearly ideal spherical particles or bodies. Furthermore, a polymer-based spherical activated carbon exhibits high mechanical strength and stability and a low dust content.

[0091] As far as the activated carbon used according to the invention is concerned in general, it is also commercially available in the specificities specified here, in particular from Blücher GmbH. For further details on the activated carbon used according to the invention, particularly with regard to the carbonization and activation process steps, reference can be made to international patent application WO 98 / 07655 A1 and to patent applications DE 196 53 238 A1, DE 196 50 414 A1, EP 0 952 960 A1 and US 6 300 276 B1 belonging to the same patent family, the respective disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference. Furthermore, reference can be made to DE 43 04 026 A1 and to US 6 184 177 B1 belonging to the same patent family, the respective disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.In addition, reference can also be made to the international patent application WO 2017 / 097447 A1 as well as to the parallel patent applications DE 10 2016 101 215 A1, EP 3 362 407 A1 and US 2019 / 177170 A1, the respective disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

[0092] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the activated carbon is present, used, and / or formed as a carbonizate or activated carbon. In this regard, the invention can, in particular, also be such that activated carbon based on products of the respective underlying carbonization or activation can be used within the scope of the invention. These can, for example, be activated carbon production residues or the like, such as arise, for example, from the above-mentioned production processes or starting materials.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the activated carbon is formed from activated carbon production residues, in particular from activated carbon production residues arising during activated carbon production, preferably carbonization and / or activation, preferably in particularly open activated carbon production devices, such as belt furnaces or rotary kilns.

[0094] In other words, the invention can provide for the activated carbon to be an activated carbon production residue, specifically an activated carbon production residue arising during activated carbon production. For example, the activated carbon used according to the invention can be an activated carbon production residue arising during carbonization and / or activation, preferably in open activated carbon production devices, such as belt furnaces or rotary kilns.

[0095] The activated carbon production residue may, for example, be activated carbon material discharged from the production device during the activated carbon production or the underlying carbonization and / or activation, which is, for example, led out of the production device or entrained in a particularly unintentional manner via the air or gas flow (which is particularly related to the carbonization or activation atmosphere used).

[0096] In this context, it is equally surprising within the scope of the present invention that such activated carbon is also suitable for targeted and purposeful use as an abrasive or blasting agent for blasting applications. The downstream use of the activated carbon production residues in question also significantly improves the sustainability of the activated carbon production itself, both economically and ecologically. In particular, the usual disposal of such activated carbon production residues during the production of activated carbon is also eliminated. Thus, corresponding activated carbon production residues can be efficiently repurposed, as is the case within the scope of the present invention. This also leads, as previously stated, to improved economic viability and efficiency of the underlying production process for activated carbon itself.

[0097] In this context, it is also noteworthy that up to 10% or more of activated carbon production residues can be generated during activated carbon production. This also demonstrates that, within the scope of the present invention, increased sustainability is achieved with regard to such production processes, since corresponding activated carbon production residues can be further used, namely within the scope of the inventive use as an abrasive or blasting agent.

[0098] In general, the invention provides that the activated carbon can originate from or be extracted from all process stages of activated carbon production. Within the scope of the present invention, all activated carbon materials or activated carbon production residues discharged during the production process can thus be used within the scope of the inventive use.

[0099] Due to its outstanding properties and its outstanding suitability for blasting applications, the underlying activated carbon can be used as an abrasive or blasting agent for a wide variety of workpieces or objects, whereby a variety of effects and surface modifications can be achieved in this context. In particular, the underlying objects or workpieces can be made of, for example, metal, plastic, glass, wood, stone, concrete, or similar materials, or comprise these materials.

[0100] Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the objects or workpieces are present as metal objects, plastic objects, glass objects, wooden objects, stone objects or concrete objects or are designed in a corresponding manner.

[0101] Within the scope of the use according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the surfaces of the objects are treated in regions or sections or completely or over the entire surface.

[0102] Likewise, with regard to the use according to the invention, it can be provided that the activated carbon is allowed to act on the surfaces of the object by means of an energy carrier, in particular under pressure, in particular by being guided or directed onto the surfaces of the objects. According to the invention, in this context, the energy carrier can be selected from the group of gaseous energy carriers, preferably air, and liquid energy carriers, preferably water. According to the invention, it is preferred if the energy carrier is a gaseous energy carrier, preferably air. This is particularly the case for (compressed) air jet processes.

[0103] As for the energy source, this represents the medium through which the activated carbon, as a blasting agent, is directed onto the surface of the object or workpiece to be treated. The blasting material is accelerated by the energy source and thus exhibits a correspondingly high kinetic energy. Upon impact, the blasting agent then exerts a corresponding effect on the surface of the object to be treated.

[0104] According to the invention, the mechanical abrasion treatment can be carried out using compressed air blasting, in particular high-pressure air blasting or low-pressure air blasting. Within the scope of the present invention, the activated carbon acts as a solid blasting medium or blasting material.

[0105] In order to ensure efficient surface treatment, the pressures listed below can be used, depending on the specific type of blasting agent used (activated carbon), the nature of the object to be treated and the desired effect.

[0106] Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, at a pressure, in particular jet pressure, of at least 1 bar, in particular at least 1.5 bar, preferably at least 2 bar, preferably at least 2.5 bar, particularly preferably at least 3 bar.

[0107] In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, at a pressure, in particular jet pressure, of at most 20 bar, in particular at most 15 bar, preferably at most 12 bar, preferably at most 10 bar, particularly preferably at most 8 bar.

[0108] Thus, against this background, it can be provided within the scope of the present invention that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects with a pressure, in particular jet pressure, in the range from 1 bar to 20 bar, in particular in the range from 1.5 bar to 15 bar, preferably in the range from 2 bar to 12 bar, preferably in the range from 2.5 bar to 10 bar, particularly preferably in the range from 3 bar to 8 bar, is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects.

[0109] Likewise, the treatment duration (beam duration) can vary widely, whereby the specific selection of the treatment duration can equally depend on the factors mentioned here.

[0110] Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the activated carbon is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time of at least 1 s, in particular at least 5 s, preferably at least 10 s, preferably at least 15 s, particularly preferably at least 30 s.

[0111] Likewise, it can be provided that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time of at most 45 minutes, in particular at most 30 minutes, preferably at most 20 minutes, preferably at most 15 minutes, particularly preferably at most 10 minutes.

[0112] In this context, it can thus be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time in the range from 1 s to 45 min, in particular in the range from 5 s to 30 min, preferably in the range from 10 s to 20 min, preferably in the range from 15 s to 15 min, particularly preferably in the range from 30 s to 10 min.

[0113] The use according to the invention can in particular serve or be used for removing impurities or undesirable deposits and / or layers on the surfaces of the objects.

[0114] In particular, the use according to the invention can serve or be used for adjusting, in particular increasing or reducing, the surface roughness of the objects.

[0115] Likewise, the use according to the invention can serve or be used for adjusting, in particular enhancing, matting and / or structuring the surfaces of the objects.

[0116] The use according to the invention can also serve or be used for cleaning, descaling, derusting, deburring, stripping and / or removing coatings from the surfaces of the objects.

[0117] In addition, the use according to the invention can equally serve or be used for core removal and / or sand removal from the surfaces of the objects, in particular where the objects are in the form of castings or casting molds.

[0118] In addition, the invention according to the invention can also be used or intended for strengthening and / or compacting the surfaces of the objects or for smoothing the surfaces of the objects.

[0119] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that the use according to the invention serves or is intended for equipping, in particular covering and / or coating and / or doping and / or providing, the surfaces of the objects with carbon. In this context, it can be provided according to the invention that the carbon is provided by the activated carbon or released or transferred by the activated carbon, preferably upon contact, in particular upon impact, of the activated carbon with the surfaces of the objects.

[0120] Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided that the surface of the objects to be treated is provided with carbon in a targeted and purposeful manner. This allows the surface properties of the treated objects to be further adjusted or modified. For example, the treatment of the surface with carbon can be accompanied by a closure of small pores or defects on the surface in particular, so that a further homogenization of the surface can occur. Furthermore, the targeted treatment of the surface with carbon or a carbon layer can also lead to protection against external influences or environmental influences, such as moisture, chemical substances or the like. This can, for example, prevent subsequent corrosion of the treated surface.

[0121] The carbon may in particular be present in layered form and / or in the form of a layer on the surface of the material, in particular as a passive coating and / or protective layer.

[0122] Overall, the present invention thus focuses for the first time on an abrasive or blasting agent based on or in the form of activated carbon, whereby corresponding activated carbon production residues can also be used in this context. As previously explained, the relevant materials exhibit excellent properties with regard to their use as abrasive or blasting agents, while also significantly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of corresponding blasting processes and, moreover, also of production processes for the production of activated carbon.

[0123] Furthermore, for further explanations of the present aspect, reference can also be made to the following explanations of the further aspects of the invention, whereby the relevant explanations apply accordingly in the present case.

[0124] A further subject matter of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is also a method for the mechanical abrasion treatment (abrasive treatment) of surfaces of solid objects, in particular workpieces, wherein in the method particulate, namely spherical, activated carbon is used as an abrasive agent or is allowed to act on the surfaces to be treated, namely under pressure-generated acceleration and / or movement of the particulate activated carbon and impact on the surfaces to be treated, preferably by means of compressed air jets, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 5 Newton to 60 Newton and wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the activated carbon.

[0125] With regard to the process according to the invention, the activated carbon used as an abrasive or blasting agent can have defined particle sizes, as listed below: - According to the invention, the activated carbon has an absolute particle size, in particular an absolute particle diameter, in the range from 0.05 mm to 2.3 mm, in particular in the range from 0.07 mm to 2.1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.09 mm to 2.0 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.8 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 1.6 mm, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm. In this context, the activated carbon can in particular have at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 99 wt.%, very particularly preferably 100 wt.%, of the activated carbon particles particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges. - In addition, the activated carbon has an average particle size, in particular an average particle diameter, in the range from 0.06 mm to 2.2 mm, in particular in the range from 0.08 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.9 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 1.7 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm, most preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.4 mm. - According to the invention, the activated carbon has an average particle size (D50), ie an average particle diameter (D50), in the range from 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.8 mm, preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.6 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.4 mm, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.35 mm to 1.3 mm.

[0126] As previously stated, the corresponding particle sizes refer to the sizes determined by sieve analysis or according to the ASTM D2862-97 / 04 method. Furthermore, the particle diameters stated refer to the sphere diameter of the underlying activated carbon.

[0127] Likewise, the process according to the invention also requires that the activated carbon used has a high mechanical strength or hardness: - In particular, the activated carbon can have an abrasion resistance (ball pan hardness) and / or abrasion hardness of at least 90%, in particular at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, particularly preferably at least 99.5%, very particularly preferably at least 99.9%, further preferably 100%. For the relevant determination according to the method according to ASTM D3802-05 or the CEFIC method, reference can also be made to the above statements. - In addition, the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength (weight load-bearing capacity) per activated carbon particle, in particular per activated carbon grain, preferably per activated carbon bead, of at least 5 Newtons, in particular at least 10 Newtons, preferably at least 15 Newtons, preferably at least 20 Newtons, particularly preferably at least 22.5 Newtons. Likewise, the activated carbon has a compressive or bursting strength (weight load-bearing capacity) per activated carbon particle, in particular per activated carbon grain, preferably per activated carbon bead, in the range from 5 Newtons to 60 Newtons, in particular in the range from 10 Newtons to 50 Newtons, preferably in the range from 15 Newtons to 45 Newtons, preferably in the range from 20 Newtons to 40 Newtons, particularly preferably in the range from 22.5 Newtons to 35 Newtons. Reference can also be made to the above statements in this regard. - According to the invention, it can also be provided that the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Mohs hardness, of at least 1.5, in particular at least 1.75, preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 2.25, particularly preferably at least 2.5. Likewise, the activated carbon can have a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Mohs hardness, in the range from 1.5 to 7, in particular in the range from 1.75 to 6, preferably in the range from 2 to 5.5, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 5.25, particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 to 5. - In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Vickers hardness, of at least 20 HV, in particular at least 30 HV, preferably at least 40 HV, more preferably at least 50 HV, particularly preferably at least 60 HV. In addition, the activated carbon can have a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Vickers hardness, in the range from 20 HV to 1,500 HV, in particular in the range from 30 HV to 1,000 HV, preferably in the range from 40 HV to 800 HV, preferably in the range from 50 HV to 650 HV, particularly preferably in the range from 60 HV to 500 HV. With regard to the determination methods used, reference can likewise be made to the above explanations.

[0128] In addition, the activated carbon can have a defined density, as defined below: - Thus, the activated carbon can have a tapped or tamped density in the range from 100 g / l to 1,500 g / l, in particular in the range from 125 g / l to 1,000 g / l, preferably in the range from 150 g / l to 800 g / l, more preferably in the range from 200 g / l to 600 g / l, particularly preferably in the range from 225 g / l to 500 g / l, very particularly preferably in the range from 250 g / l to 400 g / l, further preferably in the range from 255 g / l to 395 g / l.

[0129] Likewise, the activated carbon may have a bulk density in the range of 150 g / l to 1,000 g / l, in particular in the range of 250 g / l to 700 g / l, preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 600 g / l, more preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 550 g / l.

[0130] In this regard, reference can also be made to the above statements regarding the determination methods used.

[0131] In addition, the activated carbons used according to the invention can have special properties with regard to porosity: - It can be intended that the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 350 m 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially in the range of 400 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably in the range of 500 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 600 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferably in the range of 700 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, more preferably in the range of 800 m 2 / g up to 2,250 m 2 / g. - In addition, the activated carbon can have a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.1 cm 3 / g up to 4 cm 3 / g, especially in the range of 0.2 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.3 cm3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.4 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g. - In particular, the activated carbon can have an average pore diameter in the range from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, in particular in the range from 0.75 nm to 90 nm, preferably in the range from 1 nm to 80 nm, preferably in the range from 1.5 nm to 70 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 1.75 nm to 60 nm.

[0132] With regard to the determination of the specific surface area, the total pore volume and the average particle diameter, reference can also be made to the above statements.

[0133] In addition, the activated carbon used in the process according to the invention can also have the following properties: - Thus, the activated carbon can have a water content and / or moisture content in the range from 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, in particular in the range from 0.1 wt% to 4 wt%, preferably in the range from 0.15 wt% to 3 wt%, preferably in the range from 0.2 wt% to 2 wt%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.25 wt% to 1.5 wt%, based on the activated carbon. - In addition, the activated carbon can have an ash content of at most 1.5 wt.%, in particular at most 1 wt.%, preferably at most 0.9 wt.%, more preferably at most 0.8 wt.%, particularly preferably at most 0.7 wt.%, very particularly preferably at most 0.5 wt.%, further preferably at most 0.3 wt.%, in particular determined according to ASTM D2866-94 / 04 and based on the activated carbon. In this regard, the activated carbon can have an ash content in the range from 0.005 wt.% to 1.5 wt.%, in particular in the range from 0.01 wt.% to 1 wt.%, preferably in the range from 0.02 wt.% to 0.9 wt.%, more preferably in the range from 0.03 wt.% to 0.8 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 wt.% to 0.7 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.06 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%, further preferably in the range from 0.08 wt.% to 0.3 wt.%, in particular determined according to ASTM D2866-94 / 04 and based on the activated carbon. - According to the invention, it is also possible for the activated carbon to have a fractal dimension of the open porosity in the range of at most 2.9 (ie ≤ 2.9), in particular at most 2.89, preferably at most 2.85, preferably at most 2.8, particularly preferably at most 2.75, very particularly preferably at most 2.7. In particular, the activated carbon can have a fractal dimension of the open porosity in the range from 2.2 to 2.9, in particular in the range from 2.2 to 2.9, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 2.89, preferably in the range from 2.3 to 2.85, particularly preferably in the range from 2.35 to 2.8, very particularly preferably in the range from 2.4 to 2.75, further preferably in the range from 2.45 to 2.7.

[0134] With regard to the determination of the aforementioned parameters, reference can also be made to the above explanations.

[0135] With regard to the activated carbon used in the process according to the invention, the activated carbon can be obtained by carbonization and, if appropriate, subsequent activation of a starting material, in particular a synthetic and / or non-natural product-based starting material, preferably based on organic polymers. In this regard, the activated carbon can be obtained from a starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, more preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material. In this regard, too, the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material can be in the range from 1% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular 1% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably 1.5% by weight to 12.5% ​​by weight, more preferably 2% by weight to 10% by weight.-%, based on the starting material. In particular, the starting material can be an ion exchange resin, in particular one containing sulfonated and / or sulfonic acid groups, in particular of the gel type. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) is used as the activated carbon, or that the activated carbon is a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

[0136] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the activated carbon is present, used, or formed as a carbonizate or activated product. This results, in particular, from the fact that the activated carbon can originate from or be removed from all process stages of the production. In particular, all activated carbon materials discharged from an activated carbon production process, in particular during carbonization or activation, in particular from a production plant or production device used for this purpose, such as a belt furnace or a rotary kiln, can be used in the process according to the invention.

[0137] In particular, it can be provided in this context that the activated carbon is formed from activated carbon production residues, in particular from activated carbon production residues arising during activated carbon production, preferably carbonization and / or activation, preferably in open activated carbon production devices, such as belt furnaces or rotary kilns.

[0138] With regard to the method according to the invention, the objects are present and / or formed as metal objects, plastic objects, glass objects, wooden objects, stone objects, or concrete objects. Thus, the objects can generally be made of metal, plastic, glass, wood, stone, concrete, or the like.

[0139] In particular, the surfaces of the objects can be treated in areas or sections or completely or over the entire surface within the scope of the method according to the invention.

[0140] According to the invention, the activated carbon can be allowed to act on the surfaces of the object by means of an energy carrier, in particular under pressure, in particular by being guided or directed onto the surfaces of the objects. In this context, the energy carrier can be selected from the group of gaseous energy carriers, preferably air, and liquid energy carriers, preferably water, as well as combinations thereof. According to the invention, it is preferred that the energy carrier is a gaseous energy carrier, preferably air. In particular, the mechanical abrasion treatment can be carried out as compressed air jets, in particular as high-pressure air jets or low-pressure air jets.

[0141] With regard to the method according to the invention, the following pressures can be used in particular: - In particular, it can be provided that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, at a pressure, in particular jet pressure, of at least 1 bar, in particular at least 1.5 bar, preferably at least 2 bar, preferably at least 2.5 bar, particularly preferably at least 3 bar. - Likewise, it can be provided that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, at a pressure, in particular jet pressure, of at most 20 bar, in particular at most 15 bar, preferably at most 12 bar, more preferably at most 10 bar, particularly preferably at most 8 bar. - In this context, the activated carbon can be allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular be directed and / or guided or allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, for treating the surfaces of the objects with a pressure, in particular jet pressure, in the range from 1 bar to 20 bar, in particular in the range from 1.5 bar to 15 bar, preferably in the range from 2 bar to 12 bar, preferably in the range from 2.5 bar to 10 bar, particularly preferably in the range from 3 bar to 8 bar.

[0142] As far as the method according to the invention is concerned, the duration of the treatment (blasting treatment) can vary in particular in the following ranges: - In particular, the activated carbon can be allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of at least 1 s, in particular at least 5 s, preferably at least 10 s, preferably at least 15 s, particularly preferably at least 30 s. - In particular, the activated carbon can be allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time of at most 45 minutes, in particular at most 30 minutes, preferably at most 20 minutes, preferably at most 15 minutes, particularly preferably at most 10 minutes. - According to the invention, it can thus be provided that the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time in the range from 1 s to 45 min, in particular in the range from 5 s to 30 min, preferably in the range from 10 s to 20 min, preferably in the range from 15 s bar to 15 min, particularly preferably in the range from 30 s to 10 min.

[0143] According to the invention, the process according to the invention can also be as follows: - In particular, the process can be carried out to remove impurities or undesirable deposits and / or layers present on the surfaces of the objects. - Similarly, the process can be carried out to adjust, in particular to increase or decrease, the surface roughness of the objects. - In particular, the process can be carried out for adjusting, in particular enhancing, the matting and / or structuring of the surfaces of the objects. - According to the invention, it can also be provided that methods for cleaning, descaling, derusting, deburring, stripping and / or decoating the surfaces of the objects are carried out. - The process can also be carried out for core removal and / or sand removal from the surfaces of the objects. In this regard, the objects can be in the form of castings or molds, for example. In particular, the method according to the invention can be used to solidify or compact the surfaces of the objects. Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also be used to smooth the respective surfaces.

[0144] According to the invention, the method for equipping, in particular covering and / or coating and / or doping and / or providing, the surfaces of the objects with carbon can be carried out. In this context, the carbon can be provided by the activated carbon or released or transferred by the activated carbon, preferably upon contact, in particular upon impact, of the activated carbon with the surfaces of the objects. Thus, the method according to the invention can also be used to appropriately equip or provide the surface of an object to be treated with carbon, for example in the form of a passive layer or protective layer.

[0145] With regard to the method according to the invention, reference can also be made to the statements on the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly with regard to the method according to the invention.

[0146] Furthermore, the subject matter of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - is also the object, in particular the workpiece, which is obtained by the method according to the invention, as described above.

[0147] In this regard, the object according to the invention can be designed as a metal object, a plastic object, a glass object, a wooden object, a stone object, or a concrete object.

[0148] In addition, the object according to the invention can be equipped with carbon on its surface, in particular coated or doped or provided with it.

[0149] With regard to further embodiments of the object or workpiece according to the invention, reference can also be made to the statements on the further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly.

[0150] Further embodiments, modifications and variations as well as advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent and achievable to a person skilled in the art upon reading the description, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0151] The following embodiments serve only to illustrate the present invention, but without limiting the present invention thereto. EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION: 1. Provision of activated carbon: With regard to the abrasive or blasting agent used for the following investigations, an activated carbon production residue is used, such as that which arises, for example, in a manufacturing process with corresponding carbonization and activation of a starting material according to WO 98 / 07655 A1 or DE 43 04 026 A1 or WO 2017 / 097447 A1. In this regard, in particular a rotary kiln, as described in DE 10 2006 052 377 A1, is used with appropriate atmosphere or gas input, whereby a special carbonization atmosphere and special activation atmosphere are present. As part of the process, activated carbon production residues are continuously discharged from the rotary kiln, whereby the amount in this regard can be up to 10%. The activated carbon production residues are in particular mixed with the atmosphere orThey are entrained by the air stream and trapped, for example, in the area of ​​heat exchangers or other equipment in the production facility. The resulting activated carbon production residue can be collected and subsequently used as an abrasive or blasting agent in corresponding blasting applications or processes. The extracted and subsequently used activated carbon is spherical and has an average particle diameter D50 of approximately 0.9 mm. Its abrasion resistance is almost 100%. Furthermore, the activated carbon exhibits a compressive or bursting strength in the range of 22.5 Newtons to 35 Newtons, a tapped density in the range of 255 g / l to 395 g / l, and a specific BET surface area in the range of 800 m². 2 / g up to 2,250 m 2 / g, a total pore volume according to Gurvich in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, an average pore diameter in the range of 1.75 nm to 60 nm, a water content or moisture content in the range of 0.25 wt% to 1.5 wt%, an ash content in the range of 0.08 wt% to 0.3 wt% and a fractal dimension of the open porosity in the range of 2.2 to 2.9. 2. Use of activated carbon as a blasting agent in corresponding blasting applications: The above-mentioned activated carbon is being investigated for its suitability as an abrasive or blasting agent, based on a compressed air blasting treatment of corresponding objects or workpieces, as listed below: a) A total of 10 metal test pieces (workpieces) bearing deposits of rust film, grease, and dust are subjected to a blasting treatment using the aforementioned activated carbon as an abrasive or blasting agent, at a blasting pressure of approximately 4 bar. The test pieces treated in this way exhibit a permanently cleaned surface, i.e., free of rust film, grease, and dust, without excessive material removal or excessive surface roughening. Microscopic examination of the surface also shows that, after blasting, the surface has a thin carbon layer (which is not visible to the naked eye). b) Furthermore, 10 metal samples (workpieces) with a painted coating are subjected to a corresponding blasting treatment (pressure applied at approximately 5 bar). This also demonstrates efficient removal of the applied paint, resulting in treated workpieces with paint-free surfaces. The surfaces in question are generally smooth, and there is no excessive material removal. A layered adhesion of carbon can be observed under the microscope. c) Furthermore, five wood samples, which show traces of old varnish and resin residue, are subjected to a corresponding blasting treatment (at approximately 3 bar pressure). This also results in optimal removal of the corresponding varnish and resin components without damaging the wood itself. The abrasive or blasting agent used in the form of activated carbon can then be subjected to thermal disposal or recycling. Overall, the above statements demonstrate the excellent suitability of activated carbon, even in the form of activated carbon production residues, such as those arising during production as part of the carbonization and activation process, as an abrasive or blasting agent for blasting applications, whereby a wide variety of materials can be treated in a surface- and material-friendly manner.

[0152] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient and sustainable concept for blasting applications using activated carbon as a blasting agent, while also improving the economic efficiency and sustainability of underlying activated carbon production processes.

Claims

[1] Use of spherical activated carbon as an abrasive for the mechanical abrasion treatment of surfaces of solid objects, preferably as a blasting agent, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 5 Newton to 60 Newton and wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the activated carbon. [2] Use according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.8 mm, preferably in the range from 0.25 mm to 1.6 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.4 mm, most particularly preferably in the range from 0.35 mm to 1.3 mm. [3] Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the activated carbon has an abrasion resistance and / or abrasion hardness of at least 90%, in particular at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, particularly preferably at least 99.5%, very particularly preferably at least 99.9%, further preferably 100%. [4] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 10 Newtons to 50 Newtons, preferably in the range of 15 Newtons to 45 Newtons, preferably in the range of 20 Newtons to 40 Newtons, particularly preferably in the range of 22.5 Newtons to 35 Newtons. [5] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Mohs hardness, in the range from 1.5 to 7, in particular in the range from 1.75 to 6, preferably in the range from 2 to 5.5, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 5.25, particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 to 5. [6] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a particle hardness, in particular grain hardness, determined as Vickers hardness, in the range from 20 HV to 1,500 HV, in particular in the range from 30 HV to 1,000 HV, preferably in the range from 40 HV to 800 HV, preferably in the range from 50 HV to 650 HV, particularly preferably in the range from 60 HV to 500 HV. [7] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a tapped density in the range from 100 g / l to 1,500 g / l, in particular in the range from 125 g / l to 1,000 g / l, preferably in the range from 150 g / l to 800 g / l, preferably in the range from 200 g / l to 600 g / l, particularly preferably in the range from 225 g / l to 500 g / l, very particularly preferably in the range from 250 g / l to 400 g / l, further preferably in the range from 255 g / l to 395 g / l. [8] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a bulk density in the range of 150 g / l to 1,000 g / l, in particular in the range of 250 g / l to 700 g / l, preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 600 g / l, preferably in the range of 300 g / l to 550 g / l. [9] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 350 m 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially in the range of 400 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably in the range of 500 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 600 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferably in the range of 700 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, more preferably in the range of 800 m 2 / g up to 2,250 m 2 / g. [10] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.1 cm 3 / g up to 4 cm 3 / g, especially in the range of 0.2 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.4 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g. [11] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has an average pore diameter in the range of 0.5 nm to 100 nm, in particular in the range of 0.75 nm to 90 nm, preferably in the range of 1 nm to 80 nm, preferably in the range of 1.5 nm to 70 nm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.75 nm to 60 nm. [12] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.1 wt% to 4 wt%, preferably in the range of 0.15 wt% to 3 wt%, preferably in the range of 0.2 wt% to 2 wt%, particularly preferably in the range of 0.25 wt% to 1.5 wt%, based on the activated carbon. [13] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has an ash content in the range from 0.005 wt% to 1.5 wt%, in particular in the range from 0.01 wt% to 1 wt%, preferably in the range from 0.02 wt% to 0.9 wt%, preferably in the range from 0.03 wt% to 0.8 wt%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 wt% to 0.7 wt%, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.06 wt% to 0.5 wt%, further preferably in the range from 0.08 wt% to 0.3 wt%, based on the activated carbon. [14] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon has a fractal dimension of the open porosity in the range of 2.2 to 2.9, in particular in the range of 2.2 to 2.9, preferably in the range of 2.25 to 2.89, preferably in the range of 2.3 to 2.85, particularly preferably in the range of 2.35 to 2.8, very particularly preferably in the range of 2.4 to 2.75, further preferably in the range of 2.45 to 2.

7. [15] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is obtainable by carbonization and optionally subsequent activation of a starting material, preferably based on organic polymers. [16] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is obtained from a starting material based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material. [17] Use according to claim 16, wherein the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material is in the range of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, in particular 1 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 1.5 wt% to 12.5 wt%, preferably 2 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the starting material. [18] Use according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the starting material is a sulfonated and / or sulfonic acid group-containing ion exchange resin, in particular of the gel type. [19] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is a polymer-based spherical activated carbon. [20] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is present and / or used and / or formed as a carbonizate and / or activated carbon. [21] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is formed from activated carbon production residues, in particular from activated carbon production residues arising during the production of activated carbon, preferably carbonization and / or activation, preferably in particular open activated carbon production devices. [22] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the objects are present and / or designed as metal objects, plastic objects, glass objects, wooden objects, stone objects or concrete objects. [23] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surfaces of the objects are treated in regions and / or sections or completely and / or over the entire surface. [24] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is allowed to act on the surfaces of the object by means of an energy carrier under pressure, in particular is guided and / or directed onto the surfaces of the objects, in particular wherein the energy carrier is selected from the group of gaseous energy carriers, preferably air, and liquid energy carriers, preferably water, and combinations thereof; and / or wherein the mechanical abrasion treatment is carried out as compressed air blasting, in particular as high-pressure air blasting or low-pressure air blasting. [25] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for treating the surfaces of the objects with a pressure, in particular jet pressure, in the range from 1 bar to 20 bar, in particular in the range from 1.5 bar to 15 bar, preferably in the range from 2 bar to 12 bar, preferably in the range from 2.5 bar to 10 bar, particularly preferably in the range from 3 bar to 8 bar. [26] Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time in the range from 1 s to 45 min, in particular in the range from 5 s to 30 min, preferably in the range from 10 s to 20 min, preferably in the range from 15 s bar to 15 min, particularly preferably in the range from 30 s to 10 min. [27] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, to remove impurities or undesirable deposits and / or layers on the surfaces of the objects; and / or to adjust, in particular to increase or decrease, the surface roughness of the objects; and / or for adjusting, in particular enhancing, the matting and / or structuring of the surfaces of the objects; and / or for cleaning, descaling, derusting, deburring, stripping and / or removing coatings from the surfaces of the objects; and / or for removing the cores and / or sand from the surfaces of the objects; and / or to solidify and / or compact the surfaces of the objects. [28] Use according to one of the preceding claims, for equipping, in particular covering and / or coating and / or doping and / or providing, the surfaces of the objects with carbon, in particular wherein the carbon is provided by the activated carbon and / or released and / or transferred by the activated carbon, preferably upon impact of the activated carbon on the surfaces of the objects. [29] Process for the mechanical abrasion treatment of surfaces of solid objects, wherein the method uses spherical activated carbon as an abrasive and / or is allowed to act on the surfaces to be treated, namely under pressure-generated acceleration and / or movement of the particulate activated carbon and allowing it to impact on the surfaces to be treated, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 0.08 mm to 2.1 mm, wherein the activated carbon has a compressive and / or bursting strength per activated carbon bead in the range of 5 Newton to 60 Newton and wherein the activated carbon has a water content and / or moisture content in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the activated carbon. [30] Method according to claim 29, wherein the objects are present and / or formed as metal objects, plastic objects, glass objects, wooden objects, stone objects or concrete objects. [31] Method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the surfaces of the objects are treated in regions and / or sections or completely and / or over the entire surface. [32] Method according to one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the activated carbon is allowed to act on the surfaces of the object by means of an energy carrier, in particular under pressure, in particular is guided and / or directed onto the surfaces of the objects, in particular wherein the energy carrier is selected from the group of gaseous energy carriers, preferably air, and liquid energy carriers, preferably water, and combinations thereof; and / or wherein the mechanical abrasion treatment is carried out as compressed air blasting, in particular as high-pressure air blasting or low-pressure air blasting. [33] Method according to one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, at a pressure, in particular jet pressure, in the range from 1 bar to 20 bar, in particular in the range from 1.5 bar to 15 bar, preferably in the range from 2 bar to 12 bar, preferably in the range from 2.5 bar to 10 bar, particularly preferably in the range from 3 bar to 8 bar. [34] Method according to one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the activated carbon for treating the surfaces of the objects is allowed to act on the surfaces of the objects, in particular is directed and / or guided onto the surfaces of the objects, for a period of time in the range from 1 s to 45 min, in particular in the range from 5 s to 30 min, preferably in the range from 10 s to 20 min, preferably in the range from 15 s bar to 15 min, particularly preferably in the range from 30 s to 10 min. [35] Method according to one of claims 29 to 34, wherein the process is carried out to remove impurities or undesirable deposits and / or layers on the surfaces of the objects; and / or wherein the method is carried out to adjust, in particular to increase or decrease, the surface roughness of the objects; and / or wherein the method is carried out for adjusting, in particular enhancing, the matting and / or structuring of the surfaces of the objects; and / or wherein the process is carried out for cleaning, descaling, derusting, deburring, stripping and / or decoating the surfaces of the objects; and / or wherein the process is carried out for core removal and / or desanding the surfaces of the objects; and / or wherein the process is carried out to solidify and / or compact the surfaces of the objects. [36] Method according to one of claims 29 to 35, wherein the method is carried out for equipping, in particular covering and / or coating and / or doping and / or providing, the surfaces of the objects with carbon, in particular wherein the carbon is provided by the activated carbon and / or released and / or transferred by the activated carbon, preferably upon impact of the activated carbon on the surfaces of the objects. [37] Object, in particular workpiece, obtained by a method according to one of claims 29 to 36. [38] Article according to claim 37, wherein the object is present and / or designed as a metal object, plastic object, glass object or wooden object; and / or wherein the object is equipped with carbon on its surface, in particular coated and / or doped and / or provided.