Burner unit for fire simulations and methods for conducting fire simulations

Abstract

Burner unit (1) for fire simulations, comprising: - a frame body (2) which forms a first fuel receiving chamber (3) for receiving a liquid fuel and closes it off from the external environment of the burner unit (1); and - a second fuel receiving chamber (4) for receiving a gaseous fuel; o wherein the second fuel receiving space (4) is formed at least partially by the frame body (2) and a burner plate (6) as well as a support surface (11) opposite the burner plate (6), - wherein the frame body (2) rests at least partially on the support surface (11) in a functional state of a fire simulation; - wherein the frame body (2) has a filling device (9) for filling the first fuel receiving space (3) with liquid fuel, - wherein the first and the second fuel receiving chamber (3; 4) are connected to one another via at least one connecting opening (5), wherein the connecting opening (5) is a throttle which is designed so that liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving chamber (3) expands into the second fuel receiving chamber (4) to form a gaseous fuel, - wherein the second fuel receiving chamber (4) has at least one outlet opening (8) through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment and be ignited.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a burner unit for fire simulations during fire-fighting exercises or fire scenarios, wherein the burner unit has a first fuel receiving chamber and a second fuel receiving chamber. The first fuel receiving chamber is designed to receive a liquid fuel and to delimit it from an external environment, wherein the liquid fuel can expand from the first fuel receiving chamber into a gaseous fuel in the second fuel receiving chamber. The burner unit according to the invention is characterized in particular in that, in a functional state of a fire scenario, it does not have to be cooled, but rather the burner unit at least partially cools itself through the expansion of the liquid fuel into a gaseous fuel. Furthermore, the present invention comprises a method for carrying out a fire scenario. State of the art

[0002] A multitude of fire, firefighting, operational, and emergency training facilities are known, in which a wide variety of fire and other training scenarios are used. Such scenarios, which form the core of a training facility, represent, for example, burning single-family homes, high-rise buildings, industrial facilities, aircraft, warehouses, ships, (petro)chemical plants, or mines. The training scenarios can thus represent fire and smoke scenarios, explosions, extinguishing, rescue scenarios, and similar. Examples include fires, deflagrations, explosions, leaks, hazardous materials scenarios, smoldering fires, smoke walls, and gas accidents.

[0003] Such systems often depict fire scenarios involving horizontal or vertical quantities of flammable and / or propellant materials that have caught fire. These include so-called fuel spill scenarios, which play a very important role in aircraft firefighting (ARFF = Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting) and must be regularly practiced by airport fire departments to meet national and international safety and training standards. Another category of depicted fires involves burning surfaces of flammable objects.

[0004] To simulate these fire scenarios, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has become established worldwide. LPG is comparatively inexpensive, burns extremely environmentally friendly, is easy to obtain and store, and the fire training scenario it simulates can be interrupted and stopped at the push of a button.

[0005] The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consisting of pure propane or butane, or a mixture of these, is particularly common. However, other liquefied gases are also used, such as natural gas, town gas, acetylene, hydrogen, etc. For fire scenarios with very powerful flames and high energy and / or large-scale fires, these liquefied gases are preferably supplied to the fire simulator in their liquid form due to their high energy content in the liquid state.

[0006] Burner units, particularly liquid-phase burners, are known from the prior art. DE 691 28 358 T2 discloses a fire service training facility with a training device that has a burning area arranged in a pit. This allows so-called fuel spill simulations with a burning area below ground level to be created as part of aircraft firefighting training. The burning area arranged in the pit structure is typically covered with a metal grid, making it accessible for walking or driving over. This also allows the extinguishing agent used to drain away from the surface.

[0007] DE 10 2004 058 190 A1 and EP 1 261 397 B1 disclose a fire simulation system in which the liquid gas outlet nozzles for the fuel are arranged above a fire-resistant surface, while the fuel supply system is located below the fire-resistant surface. The walkable, fire-resistant surface consists of a grid-like structure or is made of sand, gravel, or stone paving. The liquid gas outlet nozzles are then mounted at a higher elevation than the surface, which poses, among other things, a tripping hazard for participants.

[0008] With the known designs, flames arise near or on the surface or working surface of the fire simulation. Over a longer burning time, this surface experiences very significant heat. If the surface or working surface is formed by a metal grid, the temperature of the metal parts can rise above 450 °C. The heat radiated by these parts poses a significant safety risk for training participants and maintenance personnel.

[0009] DE 10 2017 008 009 B3 discloses a fire tray for a burner for simulation flames in fire simulation systems. The fire tray has a pressure chamber with a gap through which gas can escape and burn. The flame height is controlled by a comb plate inserted into the gap.

[0010] It is difficult and even laborious to keep the metal mesh at an operating temperature that maintains its structural properties for walking or driving over it. Furthermore, excessive heat exposure can lead to harmful deformation of the metal components, even posing the risk of stress fractures in metal parts and welds. This is especially true when the surface is simultaneously exposed to the sudden cooling effect of applied extinguishing agents, which leads to significant thermal cycling. If sand, gravel, or paving slabs form the upper or working surface, these materials also heat up considerably over extended periods of burning and cool down very slowly – their intense heat therefore poses a significant hazard long after the fire has been extinguished.

[0011] In order to avoid heating of the surface, EP 0 535 279 A1 and US 5 888 072 A propose to at least partially cool the working surface or the elements of the burner in a coolant such as water, wherein the liquid fuel is fed into the burner below the coolant surface.

[0012] There is therefore still a great need for burners or burner units that can be used in fire scenarios. In particular, there is a great need for a burner unit that can be used for fire scenarios in general or for specific fire scenarios such as aircraft fires or similar, which improves the problem of cooling the surfaces of burners used and ideally reduces the design effort previously known from the state of the art. Object of the invention

[0013] It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a burner unit for fire simulations in fire extinguishing exercises (fire scenarios), which is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to transport and which can be arranged or installed quickly and easily at a location to be used, without additional extensive means being required to operate the burner unit, in particular no additional cooling of the work surface is necessary during a functional fire scenario, so that the material integrity is maintained and any exercise participants are not exposed to any additional hazards arising from the burner even during a fire scenario.

[0014] Furthermore, it is desirable that a burner unit is versatile, i.e. that the burner unit can be used in different fire scenarios, for example as a floor burner unit or as a wall burner unit and that the burner units are walkable and driveable. Description of the invention

[0015] These and other objects are achieved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are described in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below.

[0016] According to the invention, a burner unit for fire simulations is provided, which can be used, for example, in fire-fighting exercises or so-called life-fire training. The burner unit has a frame body which forms a first fuel receiving chamber for receiving a liquid fuel and seals the first fuel receiving chamber against an external environment. Furthermore, the burner unit according to the invention comprises a second fuel receiving chamber which is designed to receive a gaseous fuel. The second fuel receiving chamber is either formed at least partially by the frame body and a burner plate and a support surface opposite the burner plate, or the second fuel receiving chamber is formed by a gas receiving body, wherein the gas receiving body is suitable for at least partially confining a gaseous fuel.

[0017] In a functional state of a fire scenario, the frame body rests at least partially on a support surface. The frame body further comprises a filling device with which the first fuel receiving chamber can be filled with a liquid fuel. The first and second fuel receiving chambers are connected to one another via at least one connecting opening. Through the connecting opening, the liquid fuel located in the first fuel receiving chamber can expand from the first fuel receiving chamber into the second fuel receiving chamber to form a gaseous fuel. The second fuel receiving chamber has at least one outlet opening through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment and be ignited there.

[0018] Furthermore, a method for carrying out a fire scenario with a burner unit according to the invention is proposed, in which firstly the first fuel receiving chamber is filled with a liquid fuel via a filling device arranged on the frame body and wherein the liquid fuel expands from the first fuel receiving chamber into the second fuel receiving chamber via a connecting opening to form a gaseous fuel. During the expansion of the liquid fuel to form the gaseous fuel, at least the second fuel receiving chamber is partially cooled or the second fuel receiving chamber experiences at least a partial reduction in temperature. The gaseous fuel can at least partially escape from the second fuel receiving chamber into the environment and be ignited at an ignition source. Detailed description of the invention

[0019] Conventional burners for fire scenarios known from the prior art are often used as liquefied gas burners (liquid fuel burners). In these liquefied gas burners, the burner is arranged, for example, in a water bath or other liquid bath designed to cool the burner during a fire scenario. This is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 5,374,191 A and EP 0 535 279 A1.

[0020] During a typical fire scenario, which is practiced by fire departments, disaster relief workers, or even miners to prevent disasters, temperatures of 800°C or more are released, depending on the fuel used and the oxygen supply. The problem with these high temperatures is usually that the burners and their surroundings, as well as the training structures and objects in the fire scenarios (such as roadways, tanks, vehicles, or the surroundings of aircraft fire simulators), are exposed to these high temperatures. This means that the burners and their training structures and objects, which are usually made of metal, must be cooled due to the temperatures prevailing during a functional fire scenario. This prevents the training structures and objects, or the burners, from becoming deformed or otherwise damaged due to the high temperatures.Such a high temperature also poses the risk that participants in a fire simulation exercise could injure themselves.

[0021] Surprisingly, the inventors have discovered that burner units for fire scenarios can be created simply and cost-effectively and can be operated without additional devices for cooling the burner units during a functional fire scenario or fire simulation. The burner units according to the invention at least partially cool themselves through the physical effect of the evaporation of the liquid fuel into the gaseous fuel. This is achieved by expanding the liquid fuel from a first fuel receiving chamber, into which a liquid fuel is introduced, into a second fuel receiving chamber, which is connected to the first fuel receiving chamber via a connecting opening.During this process of evaporation of the liquid fuel to the gaseous fuel, heat energy is extracted from the environment surrounding the fuel, which leads to at least the second fuel receiving chamber experiencing at least a partial reduction in temperature.

[0022] The burner unit according to the invention comprises a frame body. The frame body forms a first fuel receiving chamber and seals the first fuel receiving chamber from the external environment. In a preferred embodiment, the frame body is rectangular, polygonal, circular, or elliptical. Particularly preferably, the frame body is designed as a rectangular or circular metal tube, for example, as a square tube. Furthermore, the burner unit according to the invention comprises a second fuel receiving chamber, which is designed to accommodate a gaseous fuel.

[0023] All liquid fuels which evaporate to form a combustible gas and which can be used in fire scenarios can be used as fuels. These can be selected in a variety of ways. According to the invention, a liquid fuel is filled or introduced into the first fuel receiving space which is enclosed in the frame body. In one embodiment, this is a liquefied gas, in particular propane gas or liquefied butane gas or also acetylene. Other liquefied gases can also be used according to the invention, in particular also mixtures of several gases. The invention is based, among other things, on the finding that liquefied gases absorb thermal energy from the environment when they expand or relax into a gas phase, which in turn leads to the ambient temperature being at least partially or at least partly reduced.For the purposes of the present invention, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel refer to the same fuels (chemically identical), which are merely present in different states of aggregation, namely in the liquid phase and in the gaseous state. It is also possible to use mixtures of liquid fuels, such as liquid butane and / or propane, which can then expand from the first fuel receiving chamber through the at least one connecting opening into the second fuel receiving chamber to form gaseous butane or gaseous propane.

[0024] The burner unit according to the invention further comprises a second fuel receiving chamber. The second fuel receiving chamber is designed to receive a gaseous fuel or to at least partially confine a gaseous fuel. The first and the second fuel receiving chamber are connected via at least one connecting opening through which the liquid fuel can expand from the first fuel receiving chamber into the second fuel receiving chamber. The connecting opening is a throttle. The size of the connecting opening, i.e. the cross-section or the cross-sectional area of ​​the opening or the sum of the cross sections of the cross-sectional areas of the connecting openings, is selected such that the liquid fuel in the first fuel receiving chamber, which is preferably a liquefied gas such as propane and / or butane, is kept at least partially in a liquid state.The individual parameters, based on which the person skilled in the art can determine, for example, the number of connecting openings and / or the cross-section of the connecting openings, are derived from the vapor pressure curve of the fuels used. This is known to the person skilled in the art. The vapor pressure is the pressure that arises when a vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the associated liquid phase in a system. The vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature and depends on the substance or mixture present. According to the invention, the connecting opening(s) between the first fuel receiving chamber and the second fuel receiving chamber are selected such that the fuel in the first fuel receiving chamber is at least partially in the liquid phase and expands through the connecting opening(s) into the second fuel receiving chamber.During this process, the fuel extracts heat energy from its surroundings, which in turn means that the surroundings cool down.

[0025] In a first embodiment, the second fuel receiving chamber is formed at least partially by the frame body and further by a burner plate and a support surface opposite the burner plate. It may be preferred for the frame body to completely frame the second fuel receiving chamber. For example, a burner unit with a rectangular frame body is conceivable, in which the second fuel receiving chamber is arranged between the legs of the frame body. In this embodiment, the second fuel receiving chamber is further formed not only by the frame body but also by a burner plate and a support surface opposite the burner plate. If the burner unit according to the invention is used as a floor burner, the burner plate is also the working surface of the burner, i.e. the surface on which exercise participants move or above or near which, for example, an aircraft fire simulator is arranged.

[0026] In a functional state of a fire scenario, the frame body rests at least partially on the support surface. The support surface can, for example, be a floor surface on which the frame body rests at least partially. In particular, it is also possible for additional spacers to be arranged on the frame body, with which the frame body rests on the support surface only at specific points. The spacers can, for example, have the design of spikes designed to space the frame body from the support surface. In particular, the burner unit according to the invention can also be attached to walls or other objects, so that the support surface can also be understood as a contact surface within the meaning of the present invention.

[0027] For the purposes of the present invention, a burner plate is particularly the plate of the burner unit on which the exercise participants, such as firefighters or disaster relief workers, can walk or move in a fire scenario as used in practice. This means that in a burner unit used as the floor unit in a fire scenario, the burner plates at least partially form the floor surface for the exercise participants. This is also referred to as the work surface. In particular, it is also possible for the burner unit according to the invention to form a wall surface instead of a floor surface or to represent other burning surfaces of both liquid objects (e.g., fuel fire) and solid objects (e.g., aircraft fire), and to be mounted in any desired position.In this embodiment, the burner plate at least partially represents the wall surface or surface of, for example, a training object or a training structure in the sense of a fire scenario.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the support surface is at least partially formed by a base element, wherein the frame body is also preferably arranged at least partially on the base element and optionally fastened. In one embodiment, the base element can be a plate. In this embodiment, the second fuel receiving space is at least partially formed by the frame body, the base element and a burner plate. The burner plate is arranged opposite the support surface or opposite the base element. In particular, it is possible for the second fuel receiving space to be only partially formed by the frame body, the burner plate and a support surface opposite the burner plate. The burner plate delimits the second fuel receiving space together with the frame body and the support surface.According to the invention, the burner plate is considered to be, in particular, the part of the burner unit according to the invention that comes into direct contact with the fire during a fire scenario as per the application. For this purpose, in a preferred embodiment, the burner plate may at least partially rest on the frame body or the burner plate may be mounted on or above the frame body. For example, it may be preferred that the burner plate is at least partially welded onto the frame body or that the burner plate is connected to the frame body by means of conventional screw and / or rivet connections.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment, the burner plate comprises a plurality of individual burner plates. It is even more preferred that the individual burner plates divide the second fuel receiving chamber into a plurality of evaporation chamber segments. For this purpose, the individual burner plates have, for example, a U-profile and / or an L-profile, wherein the legs of the U-profile or L-profile rest on the support surface. If the second fuel receiving chamber is divided into individual evaporation chamber segments by a plurality of individual burner plates, it is particularly preferred that each individual evaporation chamber segment is connected to the first fuel receiving chamber by at least one connection opening located in the frame body.

[0030] The second fuel receiving chamber is designed such that it has at least one outlet opening through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment and be ignited there, for example, by an external ignition source, such as a pilot burner. For this purpose, it may be preferred that one or more outlet openings are arranged in the burner plate or in the individual burner plates. Alternatively, it may be preferred that the second fuel receiving chamber is not completely enclosed by the frame body and is open on at least one side, wherein the gaseous fuel can escape from this opening into the environment. Likewise, in a further embodiment, it may be preferred that the second fuel receiving chamber has a plurality of evaporation chamber segments, which are formed in particular by a plurality of individual burner plates, wherein the individual burner plates have U-profiles and / or L-profiles.In this embodiment, it is possible to provide openings in the legs of the U-profiles and / or the L-profiles of the individual burner plates through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment.

[0031] Preferably, both the frame body and / or the burner plate and / or optionally the base element are made of metal or ceramic, in particular of stainless steel and / or Corten steel. It is particularly preferred that the frame body be a metal tube, with the metal tube more preferably having a round cross-section or a rectangular cross-section. In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible for the frame body and / or the base element to be constructed in multiple parts. For example, it is conceivable for a frame body to be composed of four legs.

[0032] In a second embodiment, it is also possible for the second fuel receiving chamber to be formed by at least one gas receiving body, wherein the gas receiving body is suitable for at least partially confining a gaseous fuel. In this embodiment, the gas receiving body has, for example, the shape of a hollow square profile or a hollow tubular profile. In this second embodiment, it is particularly preferred that the outlet opening(s) are formed in the gas receiving body and / or one of the sides. In particular, it is also possible in this embodiment for a plurality of gas receiving bodies to form the second fuel receiving chamber, wherein a plurality of gas receiving bodies corresponds to the plurality of evaporation chamber segments of the first embodiment.

[0033] In a further embodiment, the burner unit according to the invention can also comprise an ignition source, in particular a pilot burner. In particular, it is preferred that the ignition source be designed in accordance with the standards for fire training facilities, NFPA® 1402 2019. Standard on facilities for fire training and associated props and / or DIN 14097-1 2018-05-00. Fire service - Fire training facilities - Part 1: General structural requirements, and the standards referenced therein.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention comprises a method for operating a fire simulation using a burner unit according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: - filling the first fuel receiving chamber with a liquid fuel via a filling device arranged on the frame body; - expanding the liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving chamber to a gaseous fuel via the connecting opening into the second fuel receiving chamber, wherein the expanding fuel absorbs thermal energy and, concomitantly, at least the second fuel receiving chamber experiences at least a partial reduction in temperature; - At least partial escape of the gaseous fuel from the second fuel receiving chamber through an outlet opening; - Ignition of the escaping fuel at an ignition source.

[0035] The method according to the invention for carrying out a fire scenario has the particular advantage over the methods known from the prior art that, through the step of expanding the liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving space into the second fuel receiving space, wherein the expanding fuel absorbs thermal energy and, concomitantly, at least the second fuel receiving space experiences at least a partial reduction in temperature, the burner unit according to the invention can be operated without the need for an extensive additional device, for example for cooling the burner unit and / or its surroundings during a fire scenario.

[0036] Further advantages and further embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b: a plan view and a section through a burner unit according to the invention with a burner plate; Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b a plan view and a section through a burner unit according to the invention with seven individual burner plates, wherein the individual burner plates have a U-profile; Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b a plan view and a section through a burner unit according to the invention with five individual burner plates, wherein the individual burner plates have an L-profile; Fig. 4 a plan view of a burner unit in which the second fuel chamber is only partially delimited by the frame body.

[0037] Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b show a plan view of a burner unit 1 according to the invention and a section along the axis A - A through a burner unit 1 according to the invention. The burner unit 1 has a rectangular frame body 2. Within the frame body 2, the first fuel receiving space 3 (see Fig. 1b) designed to hold a liquid fuel, in particular a liquefied gas, and sealed off from the external environment. The second fuel holding chamber 4 is arranged between the four legs of the frame body 2. The second fuel holding chamber 4 is formed on one side by a burner plate 6 and a support surface 11 opposite the burner plate 6, wherein the burner plate 6 rests on the frame body 2 or is connected to it. The first fuel holding chamber 3 and the second fuel holding chamber 4 are connected to one another via a plurality of connecting openings 5. Via the connecting openings 5, a liquid fuel located in the first fuel holding chamber 3 can expand into the second fuel holding chamber 4 to form a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel located in the second fuel holding chamber 4 can escape into the environment via the outlet openings 8 and be ignited there.The frame body 2 is designed as a square profile and, in this embodiment, delimits the second fuel receiving chamber 4 on a total of four sides. The frame body 2 has a filling device 9 through which the first fuel receiving chamber 3 can be filled with a liquid fuel. The burner unit 1 shown can be used in particular as a floor burner unit and also as a wall or surface burner unit in a fire scenario.

[0038] Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b show a plan view of a burner unit 1 according to the invention and a section along the axis A - A through a burner unit 1 according to the invention. The burner unit 1 has a rectangular frame body 2. Within the frame body 2, the first fuel receiving space 3 (see Fig. 2b) is designed to hold a liquid fuel, in particular a liquefied gas, and is sealed off from the outside environment. The second fuel holding chamber 4 is arranged between the four legs of the frame body 2. The second fuel holding chamber 4 is surrounded by several individual burner plates 7 (in the present Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b seven individual burner plates 7) are divided into a total of seven evaporation chamber segments 10. Each of the seven evaporation chamber segments 10 of the second fuel receiving chamber 4 is connected to the first fuel receiving chamber 3 of the frame body 2 via two connecting openings 5. Through the connecting openings 5, the liquid fuel (not shown) from the first fuel receiving chamber 3 can expand into the second fuel receiving chamber 4 or into the seven individual evaporation chamber segments 10 to form a gaseous fuel. The frame body 2 is designed as a square profile. The frame body 2 has a filling device 9, by means of which the first fuel receiving chamber 3 can be filled with a liquid fuel (not shown).The individual burner plates 7 are designed as U-profiles, with the seven individual burner plates 7 dividing the second fuel receiving chamber 4 into a total of seven evaporation chamber segments 10. The legs of the U-profiles of the individual burner plates 7 and the frame body 2 rest on a support surface 11, which in this case is a metal plate. Between the seven individual burner plates 7 and the individual burner plates 7 and the frame body 2, outlet openings 8 can be seen through which the gaseous fuel in the second fuel receiving chamber 4 or in the evaporation chamber segments 10 can escape into the environment and be ignited there. The burner unit 1 shown can be used in particular as a floor burner unit and also as a wall or surface burner unit in a fire scenario.

[0039] Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b show a plan view of a burner unit 1 according to the invention and a section along the axis A - A through a burner unit 1 according to the invention, which corresponds to the burner unit of the Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b is similar, except that the second fuel receiving chamber 4 is formed by five individual burner plates 7, the frame body 2, and the support surface 11. The five individual burner plates 7 of the burner unit shown have an L-shaped profile, overlap one another, and divide the second fuel receiving chamber 4 into a total of five evaporation chamber segments 10. In this embodiment, the outlet openings 8 are located, among other places, at the contact points of the individual individual burner plates 7.

[0040] Fig.4 shows a plan view of a burner unit 1 according to the invention, in which the second fuel receiving chamber 4 is only partially delimited by the frame body 2. The frame body 2 delimits the first fuel receiving chamber 3 from the external environment. The second fuel receiving chamber 4 extends between the two opposite legs of the frame body 2. The second fuel receiving chamber 4 is further delimited by a total of five gas receiving bodies 12, which in the present embodiment have a rectangular square profile. In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet openings 8 (at which the fuel can be ignited - indicated by the flame symbols) of the individual gas receiving bodies 12 are located approximately opposite the connecting openings 5 ​​through which the liquid fuel (not shown) can expand from the first fuel receiving chamber 3 into the second fuel receiving chamber 4 or into the gas receiving bodies 12.Each of the five gas receiving bodies 12 shown is connected to the first fuel receiving chamber 3 via a connecting opening 5. The frame body 2 has a filling device 9. List of reference symbols: 7 single burner plate(s) 8 outlet opening(s) 9 Filling device 10 evaporation chamber segments 11 Support surface 12 gas absorbing bodies 1 burner unit 2 frame bodies 3 first fuel storage compartment 4 second fuel chamber 5 connection opening(s) 6 burner plate

Claims

[1] Burner unit (1) for fire simulations, comprising: - a frame body (2) which forms a first fuel receiving chamber (3) for receiving a liquid fuel and closes it off from the external environment of the burner unit (1); and - a second fuel receiving chamber (4) for receiving a gaseous fuel; o wherein the second fuel receiving space (4) is formed at least partially by the frame body (2) and a burner plate (6) as well as a support surface (11) opposite the burner plate (6), - wherein the frame body (2) rests at least partially on the support surface (11) in a functional state of a fire simulation; - wherein the frame body (2) has a filling device (9) for filling the first fuel receiving space (3) with liquid fuel, - wherein the first and the second fuel receiving chamber (3; 4) are connected to one another via at least one connecting opening (5), wherein the connecting opening (5) is a throttle which is designed so that liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving chamber (3) expands into the second fuel receiving chamber (4) to form a gaseous fuel, - wherein the second fuel receiving chamber (4) has at least one outlet opening (8) through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment and be ignited. [2] Burner unit (1) for fire simulations, comprising: - a frame body (2) which forms a first fuel receiving chamber (3) for receiving a liquid fuel and closes it off from the external environment of the burner unit (1); and - a second fuel receiving chamber (4) for receiving a gaseous fuel; o wherein the second fuel receiving space (4) is formed by at least one gas receiving body (12) which is suitable for at least partially confining a gaseous fuel, - wherein the frame body (2) rests at least partially on a support surface (11) in a functional state of a fire simulation; - wherein the frame body (2) has a filling device (9) for filling the first fuel receiving space (3) with liquid fuel, - wherein the first and the second fuel receiving chamber (3; 4) are connected to one another via at least one connecting opening (5), wherein the connecting opening (5) is a throttle which is designed so that liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving chamber (3) expands into the second fuel receiving chamber (4) to form a gaseous fuel, - wherein the second fuel receiving chamber (4) has at least one outlet opening (8) through which the gaseous fuel can escape into the environment and be ignited. [3] Burner unit according to claim 1, wherein the support surface (11) is at least partially formed by a base element. [4] Burner unit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the frame body (2) is rectangular or polygonal or circular or elliptical. [5] Burner unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame body (2) and / or the burner plate (6) and / or the gas receiving body (12) is metallic or ceramic. [6] Burner unit according to one of claims 1, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the burner plate (6) comprises a plurality of individual burner plates (7). [7] Burner unit according to claim 6, wherein the individual burner plates (7) divide the second fuel receiving space (4) into a plurality of evaporation space segments (10). [8] Burner unit according to claim 2 or 7, wherein at least one connecting opening (5) per evaporation chamber segment (10) or per gas receiving body (12) is arranged in the frame body (2). [9] Burner unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet opening (8) is arranged in the burner plate (6) or in the gas receiving body (12). [10] Burner unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame body (2) is formed in several parts. [11] Burner unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the burner unit (1) comprises an external ignition source with which the gaseous fuel escaping into the environment can be ignited. [12] Method for carrying out a fire simulation with a burner unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least the following steps: - filling the first fuel receiving chamber (3) with a liquid fuel via a filling device (9) arranged on the frame body (2); - expanding the liquid fuel from the first fuel receiving chamber (3) to a gaseous fuel via the connecting opening (5) into the second fuel receiving chamber (4), wherein the expanding fuel absorbs thermal energy and, concomitantly, at least the second fuel receiving chamber (4) experiences at least a partial reduction in temperature; - At least partial escape of the gaseous fuel from the second fuel receiving chamber (4) through at least one outlet opening (8); - Ignition of the escaping fuel at an ignition source.

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