Central heating system and methods for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a central heating system

Abstract

Central heating system (1) comprising at least one primary heat source (2) operable by means of fuels, in particular a boiler and / or a gas boiler, with at least one electrically operated heat pump (3), with at least one heat exchanger (4), preferably a radiator for heating a building, and with at least one domestic hot water storage tank (5), wherein a heat transfer fluid (6), in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source (2) and / or with the aid of the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed through the heat exchanger (4) by means of a piping system (7) and a heating pump (8), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of the piping system (7) to be heated by the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of the piping system (7) and a storage pump (10) to heat domestic hot water (11) temporarily stored in the domestic hot water storage tank (5),namely for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid (6) to the domestic hot water (11) through or adjacent to the domestic hot water storage tank (5), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed through or to the primary heat source (2) by means of the heating pump (8) and / or the storage pump (10), wherein a central heating control and / or regulating device (12) is connected to the primary heat source (2) for its control and / or regulation, characterized in that a temperature sensor (13.1) is located vertically in a lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) or adjacent to this lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) for determining the actual domestic hot water temperature (T, B1) is arranged, wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is connected to a heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) via control, signal, and / or data transmission, wherein the heat pump (3) is connected to the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) via control transmission, and wherein the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) is designed and / or implemented such that the heat pump (3) is operated according to the determined actual domestic hot water temperature (T). B1 ) is controllable and / or adjustable, wherein the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) and the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) are designed separately from each other, wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is a first temperature sensor (13.1) for determining a first actual domestic hot water temperature (T B1) is carried out, wherein a second temperature sensor (13.2) is located in a vertically viewed middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) for measuring a second actual domestic hot water temperature (T B2 ) is arranged, wherein the second temperature sensor (13.2) is connected to the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) via control, signal, and / or data transmission, wherein the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) is designed and / or implemented such that the primary heat source (2) is adjusted depending on the second actual domestic hot water temperature (T B2) is controllable and / or adjustable, wherein the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) is designed and / or implemented such that the heat pump (3) can be operated and / or activated for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) when the first actual domestic hot water temperature (T) measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the first temperature sensor (13.1) B1 ) a first limiting temperature (T B1G ) falls below, and wherein the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) is designed and / or implemented in such a way that the primary heat source (2) can be operated and / or activated for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) when the second actual domestic hot water temperature (T) measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the second temperature sensor (13.2) B2 ) a second limiting temperature (T B2G) falls below.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a central heating system having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a method for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a central heating system having the features of the preamble of patent claim 13.

[0002] The central heating systems known in the prior art generally have at least one primary heat source operable with the aid of fuels, in particular a boiler and / or a gas boiler. Some central heating systems also have an electrically operated heat pump, but at least one heat exchanger, preferably a heater or radiator for heating a building, and / or a domestic hot water storage tank. A heat transfer fluid, in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source and / or with the aid of the heat pump, wherein the heat transfer fluid, in particular previously heated, can be conveyed through the heat exchanger by means of a piping system and a heating pump. The heat transfer fluid can be conveyed by means of the piping system, in particular with the aid of a circulating pump, for heating by the heat pump.By means of the piping system and a storage pump, the heat transfer fluid can be conveyed to the domestic water storage tank for heating domestic water temporarily stored in the domestic water storage tank, in particular for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid to the domestic water through or adjacent to the domestic water storage tank. The heat transfer fluid can be conveyed through or to the primary heat source by means of the heating pump, in particular the circulation pump, and / or the storage pump, wherein a central heating control and / or regulation device is connected to the primary heat source for its control and / or regulation.

[0003] DE 29 19 751 C2 describes a central heating system with a heat transfer fluid that can be heated or warmed with fuel in a boiler. A heating circuit for heating radiators in a building is connected to the boiler, and the heated heat transfer fluid flows through the heating circuit. The heating circuit has a heat exchanger inlet line, also called the flow line, through which the heat transfer fluid is supplied to the heat exchangers designed as radiators. The heating circuit also has a heat exchanger outlet line, also called the return line, through which the heat transfer fluid is then fed from the radiators back to the boiler. A boiler for domestic water heating is installed in the boiler.The heat transfer fluid can be fed to a heat pump from the heat exchanger inlet line of the heating circuit and then returned at an elevated temperature from the heat pump to the heat exchanger outlet line of the heating circuit. In addition to the usual temperature sensors for controlling the boiler, two temperature sensors are located in a heat pump inlet line leading to the heat pump, while another temperature sensor measures the temperature of the supply air fed to an evaporator of the heat pump. The heat pump and boiler can be operated separately or simultaneously. For economic reasons, the heat pump is not operated below an outside temperature of 3°C or 5°C. In a range around these 3°C or 5°C, the actual heat transfer fluid temperature at the boiler is maintained at 55°C by the boiler, so that the heat pump is switched on less frequently.

[0004] Boilers installed in boilers for domestic water heating usually have only a small storage volume, so that the domestic water must be heated quickly, i.e. at high power, when the central heating system is in operation. However, such high power requires the boiler to operate, particularly in addition to the heat pump, so that there is a very high fuel demand throughout the year. The fact that the heat pump is only operated above an outside temperature of 3°C or 5°C further increases the fuel demand. Around the outside temperature range of 3°C or 5°C (or below), the boiler is preferably operated and the heat pump is only switched on when needed and only rarely, so that heat is preferably provided by the fuels in the aforementioned temperature range.

[0005] DE 30 24 714 A1 discloses another central heating system with a heat transfer fluid that can be heated or warmed with fuel in a boiler. A heating circuit for heating a building using the heat transfer fluid flowing through the building's underfloor heating system is connected to the boiler. The heat transfer fluid can also be used to heat domestic water in a domestic water storage tank, with the heat transfer fluid being pumped to the domestic water storage tank by a storage pump. The heating circuit has a heat exchanger inlet line, also called the flow line, through which the heat transfer fluid is supplied to the underfloor heating system. The heating circuit also has a heat exchanger outlet line, also called the return line, through which the heat transfer fluid is fed from the underfloor heating system and then via the domestic water storage tank back to the boiler.The heat transfer fluid can be fed to a heat pump from the heat exchanger drain line of the heating circuit and from the domestic hot water storage tank. After being heated in the heat pump, the heat transfer fluid can then be returned from the heat pump to the boiler at an elevated temperature. A temperature sensor is located directly upstream of a heat pump inlet connection. By connecting the heat pump to the heat exchanger drain line, the heat transfer fluid, e.g., water, heated by the heat pump to, for example, 50-55°C, is always fed through the boiler, even when the heat pump is operating solely as a heat pump.By means of the temperature sensor arranged in the heat exchanger drain line, the actual return temperature prevailing there is used as a kind of reference variable for the entire central heating system. In such a way that, after specifying a certain target return temperature, which could be 45°C, for example, the required heating output of the heat pump, by means of which the heat transfer fluid is then to be heated by approximately 10°C, is then generated in such a way that the heat pump, which is present for this purpose as part of a priority control, always operates or is temporarily activated as long as it is able to keep the actual return temperature above the target return temperature. The temperature sensor is used to check whether the heat pump can provide the necessary heating output and whether the actual return temperature remains above the target return temperature.If the actual return temperature is detected as falling below the target return temperature, a time relay is used to give the heat pump a preset period, for example, three to five minutes, to raise the actual return temperature above the target return temperature. If the heat pump fails to do so within this specified period, the time relay switches off the heat pump and switches on the boiler burner for a specific period. This specific burner runtime is set by a timer.

[0006] However, the control and / or regulation of the heat pump and boiler described here is still not optimal. Due to the specified time period of three to five minutes for the heat pump to operate after the actual return temperature falls below the target return temperature, it cannot be guaranteed that the actual return temperature will be raised above the target return temperature again. On the other hand, an excessive increase in the actual return temperature is also conceivable, which is associated with increased energy consumption. A similar problem arises during the subsequent operation of the boiler, which is operated for a specific period of time if the actual return temperature is not raised above the target return temperature by the heat pump within the specified time.The control and / or regulation described here is also associated with a relatively high level of equipment expenditure and control effort due to the necessary time relays.

[0007] DE 32 30 940 A1 discloses another central heating system with a primary heat source embodied as a boiler, a heat pump, and a domestic hot water storage tank for domestic hot water heating. Each of these units is assigned a pump and a heating circuit. A heat transfer fluid can be supplied to the heat pump via a heat pump inlet line, also called a return line, from, for example, an underfloor heating system. Several valves are provided so that different operating modes of the central heating system can be implemented using the boiler and the heat pump. The domestic hot water storage tank or the underfloor heating system can be operated or heated solely by the heat pump. The domestic hot water storage tank or the underfloor heating system can also be operated or heated solely by the boiler.Simultaneous operation of the heat pump and boiler is also conceivable, allowing the underfloor heating to be supplied with heated heat transfer fluid via the heat pump and boiler. The boiler is then supplied with the heat transfer fluid heated by the heat pump. The heat pump and boiler are thus connected in series via the valves. For economic reasons, the heat pump is not operated at outside temperatures below 5°C. 30-50% of the heat requirement can be generated by the heat pump. A ready-to-install coupling unit, i.e., a hydraulic module, is provided, containing all the connection connections for linking the heating boiler with the heat pump and the associated heating circuits.The hydraulic module is either delivered fully connected and located directly on the back of the boiler or the hydraulic module is delivered as a fully installed hydraulic module, which is then connected as a whole to the corresponding connections on the boiler.

[0008] In particular, the heating of the domestic water in the domestic water storage tank is not yet optimally designed. Simultaneous heating of the domestic water by the heat transfer fluid via the heat pump and the boiler is not possible with the described valves and heating circuits. This means that, at an early stage, the domestic water is heated using fuels solely by the boiler, especially since the heat pump is only designed to cover 30-50% of the heat demand. Fuel demand increases and is correspondingly high throughout the year.

[0009] DE 38 09 251 A1 discloses a central heating system and a method for operating the central heating system. The central heating system includes, among other things, a primary heat source, a heat pump, a radiator for heating a building, a domestic hot water storage tank, two buffer tanks, and a solar absorber. A temperature sensor is arranged in a lower region of the domestic hot water storage tank. A first control and / or regulating device is connected to the primary heat source and the heat pump for control and / or regulation. A second control and / or regulating device serves to integrate the solar absorber into the central heating system, including via appropriate temperature sensors and a corresponding pump.

[0010] DE 195 27 830 C2 discloses a central heating system comprising, among other things, a primary heat source, an auxiliary heater configured as a heat pump, a radiator for heating a building, and a domestic hot water storage tank. The auxiliary heater comprises a heat exchanger and a diverter valve, which are combined to form a hydraulic module with a surrounding housing. An auxiliary control unit is connected to a main controller of the primary heat source. The auxiliary heater is operated and controlled as appropriate via corresponding control signals from the main controller to the auxiliary control unit.

[0011] DE 10 2004 029 392 A1 discloses a central heating system with a solar heating device and a fossil primary heat source for heating a quantity of water stored in a storage tank. To measure the water temperature in the storage tank, a storage tank temperature sensor with an electrically heatable heating sleeve surrounding the storage tank temperature sensor and a solar storage tank temperature sensor are arranged inside the storage tank. If sufficient solar energy is available, which is measured by a solar sensor, the storage tank temperature sensor is heated by the heating sleeve until the fossil primary heat source is presented with a water temperature that is higher than the desired target temperature of the fossil primary heat source.

[0012] DE 102 45 571 B4 discloses a hydraulic module for a central heating system. The central heating system comprises a primary heat source, a heat pump, and two heat sinks. The heat sinks can be implemented as radiators, underfloor heating, or even as domestic hot water storage tanks.

[0013] DE 26 13 967 A1 discloses a hydraulic module for a central heating system. The central heating system comprises a heat pump, a primary heat source, and a domestic hot water storage tank. A domestic hot water temperature controller is connected to the domestic hot water storage tank via a measuring line (capillary tube).

[0014] DE 196 48 652 A1 discloses a central heating system with a domestic hot water storage tank, a primary heat source, and a solar thermal system. Temperature sensors connected to a solar controller are located in the domestic hot water storage tank. Temperature sensors connected to another controller are located in the domestic hot water storage tank. The domestic hot water can be heated via secondary heat exchangers separate from the domestic hot water storage tank, partly by the solar system and partly by the primary heat source. The heated domestic hot water is then returned to the domestic hot water storage tank.

[0015] The systems known in the state of the art are not yet optimally designed, the fuel requirement of the primary heat source as well as the construction and control engineering effort are high and the resulting costs are very high.

[0016] The invention is therefore based on the object of designing and / or further developing the central heating system or the method for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating the central heating system in such a way that, in particular, the necessary fuel requirement for the primary heat source is reduced over the year, in particular the design and / or control expenditure is reduced, and in particular the associated costs are also reduced.

[0017] This problem underlying the invention is now initially solved - for the central heating system - with the features of patent claim 1.

[0018] One aspect of the invention essentially lies in the fact that a temperature sensor is arranged in a - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic hot water tank or adjacent to this - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic hot water tank for determining the actual domestic hot water temperature. A further aspect of the invention is that the temperature sensor is connected to a heat pump control and / or regulating device for control, signal, and / or data purposes. A further aspect of the invention is that the heat pump is control-technically connected to the heat pump control and / or regulating device. A further aspect of the invention is that the heat pump control and / or regulating device is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump can be controlled and / or regulated depending on the determined actual domestic hot water temperature.

[0019] In this way, the temperature of the domestic water can be controlled and / or regulated particularly well using the heat pump and the heat pump control and / or regulation device. Due to the arrangement of the temperature sensor in the - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic water storage tank, the heat pump can initially be controlled and / or regulated particularly quickly, in particular without a significant time delay, especially when fresh and therefore cold or colder domestic water is fed back into the domestic water storage tank due to domestic water being drawn from the domestic water storage tank (e.g., for a domestic shower) by filling the domestic water storage tank with fresh domestic water. The supplied - fresh - domestic water flows around the temperature sensor before it mixes with the rest of the domestic water still present in the domestic water storage tank, some of which has already been heated.The lower area of ​​the domestic hot water tank, viewed vertically, is formed or preferably forms in a lower third, in particular in a lower quarter, of the total height of the domestic hot water tank.

[0020] With regard to the term “domestic water storage tank,” it should be briefly pointed out that this refers in particular to a water storage tank in which the water is heated. The “domestic water storage tank” can therefore also be referred to as a “hot water storage tank.” The heated water can be drawn from the domestic water storage tank, for example, for showering at home, or for cooking or dishwashing at home, with new fresh water then being added to the domestic water storage tank to refill it. The designation “domestic water storage tank” therefore does not mean that previously used and / or contaminated water is stored in this tank, but rather that the water stored and / or saved therein is used for subsequent “use,” for example, for showering. In particular, drinking water is therefore stored, saved, and heated in the domestic water storage tank. This should be noted.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the central heating system, the temperature sensor is arranged in or on a part of a domestic water inflow line formed between an inflow valve and an inflow connection of the domestic water storage tank, in particular by means of a T-piece.

[0022] By opening the inlet valve, fresh domestic water, especially drinking water, can be supplied to the domestic water storage tank via the domestic water inlet line and the inlet connection. Up to the inlet valve (viewed from the domestic water storage tank), the domestic water inlet line is functionally assigned to the condensate storage tank, since the domestic water temperatures here are comparable to those at the same level within the domestic water storage tank. The temperature sensor can also be installed on the domestic water inlet line without great effort, as the domestic water storage tank itself does not require any structural modifications, and the temperature sensor can still be installed, especially with direct contact to the freshly supplied domestic water.In particular, a section of the domestic water supply line can also be cut out and replaced, in particular, with a T-piece, in which case the temperature sensor is then arranged in a branch of the T-piece and preferably connected to the T-piece with a sealing cap. On the other hand, the T-piece could also be interposed in the domestic water supply line in such a way that a section of the domestic water supply line is connected to the branch of the T-piece, so that the temperature sensor is still arranged at one of the two parallel connections of the T-piece and closes this connection, and the temperature sensor then preferably penetrates the T-piece completely. On the other hand, it is also conceivable and possible to arrange the temperature sensor externally on or in a housing / shell area of ​​the domestic water tank or the domestic water supply line.

[0023] The aforementioned temperature sensor is designed as a first temperature sensor for determining a first actual domestic water temperature, with a second temperature sensor arranged in a vertically central or upper region of the domestic water storage tank for measuring a second, preferably average, actual domestic water temperature. The second temperature sensor is connected to the central heating control and / or regulation device for control, signaling, and / or data transmission. The central heating control and / or regulation device is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source can be controlled and / or regulated depending on the second actual domestic water temperature.In general, it should also be pointed out at this point that the term “connected for control purposes” used here and elsewhere can and does always include a signal and / or data connection.

[0024] The middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank, viewed vertically, is preferably located in the upper two-thirds, particularly in the upper half, of the total height of the domestic hot water storage tank, or is designed accordingly there. The central heating control and / or regulating device and the heat pump control and / or regulating device are designed separately from one another so that they do not directly influence one another, and the controls and / or regulations carried out by the central heating control and / or regulating device and those carried out by the heat pump control and / or regulating device are independent of one another. This is particularly advantageous if the heat pump control and / or regulating device, including the heat pump, are subsequently integrated into the central heating system, since the central heating control and / or regulating device then does not need to be modified.

[0025] An optimal control and / or regulation device for the entire central heating system, in particular with regard to a minimized need for fuel for the primary energy source and / or while avoiding cost-intensive structural designs, is therefore also made possible in particular by the specific arrangement of the first temperature sensor relative to the second temperature sensor.The first temperature sensor is arranged - viewed essentially in the vertical direction - below the second temperature sensor, wherein due to a temperature stratification of the domestic water that develops within the domestic water storage tank, not only can a lower actual domestic water temperature be determined by means of the first temperature sensor than by means of the second temperature sensor, but a change in the temperature, in particular a decrease in the temperature, can be determined earlier in time with the first temperature sensor than with the second temperature sensor. This also forms the basis, in particular, for optimally controlling the heat pump in an independently designed central heating control and / or regulating device or a heat pump control and / or regulating device, in particular for preferentially operating it and for activating and / or operating the primary heat source only when the power provided by the heat pump orThe amount of heat is no longer sufficient, in particular to cover the demand for heating the domestic hot water storage tank, so that the demand for fuels for the primary heat source can be minimized or at least reduced.

[0026] The heat pump control and / or regulating device is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or for heating the heat transfer fluid when the first actual domestic water temperature measured, determined and / or calculated, in particular by the heat pump control and / or regulating device, with the aid of the first temperature sensor falls below a first limit temperature.

[0027] The central heating control and / or regulating device is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device to heat the heat transfer fluid when the second actual domestic water temperature measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the second temperature sensor falls below a second limit temperature.

[0028] By introducing the first and second limit temperatures, the heat pump can be operated preferentially in a particularly simple manner. For this purpose, in particular the first and second limit temperatures are selected accordingly or set to a respective specific limit temperature. For example, the first limit temperature is lower than the second limit temperature. On the other hand, the second limit temperature could also be lower than the first limit temperature, in which case the second limit temperature is in particular 43°C, in particular in the range from 41°C to 45°C, in which case the first limit temperature is in particular 48°C and in particular in the range from 46°C to 50°C. In particular, by selecting the respective limit temperatures accordingly, a distinction is made between the independently executed andoperating central heating control and / or regulating device and the heat pump control and / or regulating device, an indirect dependency of these two control and / or regulating devices on each other is then achieved or realized, or in particular, it can also be selected and / or determined from when, for example, the primary heat source is switched on or additionally activated to the heat pump.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the central heating system, the output of the heat pump is continuously adjustable, in particular between 0 kW and 25 kW, in particular between 1.5 kW and 7 kW, by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device, in particular an inverter of the heat pump control and / or regulating device.

[0030] In this way, the heat pump can usually always provide exactly the amount of heat required for the entire central heating system, which has a very positive overall effect on the control and / or regulation of the central heating system. This means that a heat pump with a high maximum output can also be used sensibly, i.e. even if there is only a low heat requirement, the heat pump can provide this heat requirement and heat losses can be kept to a minimum. In the state of the art to date, however, the only heat pumps available were those that could either not be operated at all or only at maximum output, which then led to the heat pump being used less frequently. In order to then enable the heat pump to be used more frequently, heat pumps with lower outputs were used, for example.In addition to the performance ranges mentioned, it is also possible to use heat pumps with a maximum output of up to 1000kW or more, e.g. to supply heat to correspondingly large buildings such as residential or office complexes and their domestic hot water storage tanks.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the central heating system, the heat exchanger and the heat pump are fluidically connected in series with respect to the primary heat source and / or can be connected in series, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0032] Preferably, an output connection of the heat pump is fluidically connected to an input connection of the primary heat source. Through the aforementioned fluidic series connection, the entire heat transfer fluid heated by the heat pump can be supplied to the primary heat source. This further reduces the fuel requirement of the primary heat source, since the primary heat source does not need to be activated and / or operated at all or only rarely due to the relatively high temperature of the heat transfer fluid supplied to the primary heat source. Nevertheless, a desired target heat transfer fluid temperature specified within or in the area of ​​the primary heat source can be achieved or realized accordingly by heating the heat transfer fluid by means of the heat pump, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0033] Preferably, a heat exchanger inflow line of the piping system is fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the primary heat source and, on the other hand, to the heat exchanger and / or connected accordingly in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the heat exchanger by means of the heating pump through the heat exchanger inflow line. A heat pump inflow line of the piping system is fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the heat exchanger and, on the other hand, to the heat pump and / or connected accordingly in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the heat pump through the heat pump inflow line. A heat pump outflow line of the piping system is fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the heat pump and, on the other hand, to the primary heat source and / or connected accordingly in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the primary heat source through the heat pump outflow line.

[0034] Using the aforementioned lines, the fluidic series connection of heat exchanger, heat pump, and primary heat source is particularly easy to implement. The lines described here can be easily and cost-effectively implemented using pipes and / or hoses and / or flow channels formed in housings.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment of the central heating system, the piping system has at least one valve, by means of which the heat transfer fluid can be directed and / or guided either from the primary heat source to the heat exchanger or past the heat exchanger to the heat pump.

[0036] By means of the valve, depending on the valve position, two different heating circuits can be created. In a first heating circuit, a flow of the heat transfer fluid can be realized from the primary heat source, via the valve, via the heating pump, via the heat exchanger, via the heat pump, via the circulation pump and back to the primary heat source. In a second heating circuit, a flow of the heat transfer fluid can be realized from the primary heat source, via the valve, via the heat pump, via the circulation pump and back to the primary heat source. In a third heating circuit, a flow of the heat transfer fluid can then be generated or realized from the primary heat source, via the or to the domestic hot water storage tank, via the storage pump and back to the primary heat source. In the primary heat source, there is preferably a distribution system for the heat transfer fluid, in particular flow channels through which the heat transfer fluid can flow are provided, to which or toto which the heating circuits are each connected. The heat exchanger inlet line and the heat pump outlet line, as well as a line leading to the domestic hot water storage tank and a line returning from the domestic hot water storage tank, are connected to the primary heat source, in particular to such a distribution system, or are fluidly connected to the primary heat source, in particular a boiler.

[0037] Further preferably, the piping system comprises two 3 / 2-way valves, each with three connections and two switching positions, namely a first 3 / 2-way valve, in particular arranged in the heat exchanger inflow line or interposed therein, and a second 3 / 2-way valve, in particular arranged in the heat pump inflow line or interposed therein. The first 3 / 2-way valve is fluidically connected or connected accordingly to the primary heat source, the heat exchanger, and the second 3 / 2-way valve. The second 3 / 2-way valve is fluidically connected or connected accordingly to the heat exchanger, the first 3 / 2-way valve, and the heat pump. The first 3 / 2-way valve enables the heat transfer fluid to flow optionally from the primary heat source to the heat exchanger or to the second 3 / 2-way valve.The second 3 / 2-way valve allows the heat transfer fluid to flow either from the heat exchanger or from the first 3 / 2-way valve to the heat pump.

[0038] Using these two 3 / 2-way valves, the heating circuits described above can also be implemented. The two 3 / 2-way valves are also inexpensive to purchase and easy to control and / or regulate. The two 3 / 2-way valves can be switched from a basic position to a switching position, preferably by means of an electric actuator, counteracting the spring force applied by a mechanical spring when the actuator is energized. The two 3 / 2-way valves are then installed in such a way that the two 3 / 2-way valves do not need to be energized for an extended period during operation of the central heating system, thus also saving energy.

[0039] Advantageously, at least two elements and / or components and respective associated connections from the group of the heat exchanger inflow line at least in sections, the heat pump inflow line at least in sections, the heat pump outflow line at least in sections, the circulation pump and the valve, in particular the first 3 / 2-way valve and the second 3 / 2-way valve, are arranged and / or formed on a hydraulic module forming a common structural unit.

[0040] Using such a hydraulic module, the assembly and / or installation of the central heating system can be greatly simplified. Complex assembly can be avoided because the design of the hydraulic module predetermines specific arrangements of elements and / or components relative to each other, making them simple and easily recognizable for the installer. The hydraulic module can then be advantageously pre-assembled, for example, in a factory or at a heating engineer's, significantly reducing assembly time for the end customer who operates the central heating system.

[0041] In a preferred, alternative embodiment of the central heating system, the heat exchanger and the heat pump are connected in parallel in terms of flow with respect to the primary heat source or can be connected in parallel, which will also be explained below.

[0042] Such a parallel connection has the particular advantage that no valves are required to selectively supply the heat exchanger and / or the heat pump with heat transfer fluid from the primary heat source or to direct the heat transfer fluid accordingly. Only the heating pump and the circulation pump must be controlled accordingly. In a parallel connection, slightly modified first and second heating circuits are obtained - compared to a series connection - whereby the third heating circuit remains essentially unchanged. In the first heating circuit, a flow of the heat transfer fluid from the primary heat source, via the heating pump, via the heat exchanger and back to the primary heat source can then be realized. In the second heating circuit, a flow of the heat transfer fluid from the primary heat source, via the heat pump, via the circulation pump and back to the primary heat source can then be realized. A third heating circuit is corresponding to theFig. 1 shown embodiment is also realized.

[0043] Preferably, a heat exchanger inflow line of the piping system is then fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the primary heat source and, on the other hand, to the heat exchanger, or connected accordingly, in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the heat exchanger by means of the heating pump through the heat exchanger inflow line. A heat exchanger outflow line of the piping system is fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the heat exchanger and, on the other hand, to the primary heat source, or connected accordingly, in order to return the heat transfer fluid to the primary heat source by means of the heating pump through the heat exchanger outflow line. A heat pump inflow line of the piping system is fluidly connected, on the one hand, to the heat exchanger inflow line and, on the other hand, to the heat pump, or connected accordingly, in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the heat pump by means of the circulation pump through the heat pump inflow line.A heat pump drain line of the piping system is fluidically connected to the heat pump on the one hand and to the heat exchanger drain line on the other, or connected accordingly, in order to supply the heat transfer fluid to the primary heat source via the circulation pump through the heat pump drain line and, in particular, a portion of the heat exchanger drain line. However, it would also be conceivable for the heat pump inlet line and the heat pump drain line to be fluidically connected directly to the primary heat source to implement the described parallel connection; this should also be noted.

[0044] Using the lines mentioned, the fluidic parallel connection of the heat exchanger and heat pump to the primary heat source can be implemented particularly easily.

[0045] A check valve is preferably integrated into the heat exchanger drain line between the heat exchanger and a connecting piece arranged and / or formed between the heat exchanger drain line and the heat pump drain line, or arranged and / or interposed therein, in order to prevent backflow of the heat transfer fluid from the heat pump to the heat exchanger via the heat exchanger drain line. Backflow could lead to undefined flow conditions, which could disrupt the control and / or regulation of the heat pump and primary heat source, as well as the pumps. Preventing backflow thus improves the control and / or regulation of the central heating system. A further connecting piece is preferably arranged and / or formed between the heat exchanger inflow line and the heat pump inflow line.When connected in parallel, the first and second heating circuits are then formed accordingly using connecting pieces.

[0046] Further preferably, the heat pump control and / or regulating device is connected to the central heating control and / or regulating device for supplying energy to the heat pump control and / or regulating device and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device is connected to the heat pump for control and / or regulating the heating pump in terms of control technology and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device is connected to the circulation pump for control and / or regulating the circulation pump and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device is connected to the storage pump for control and / or regulating the storage pump and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device is connected to an outside temperature sensor for determining an outside temperature in terms of control / signal / and / or data technology.The above applies in particular to a series and parallel connection of the heat exchanger and the heat pump. In particular, the heat pump control and / or regulation device is also connected to the at least one valve, in particular to the two 3 / 2-way valves, in particular to control and / or switch these valves as well.

[0047] Thus, essential elements and / or components of the central heating system can be controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device. These elements and / or components can then also be controlled and / or regulated depending on the respective output of the heat pump itself. This particularly takes into account the fact that the heat pump is primarily operated as a primary heat source, and the primary heat source can only be activated and / or operated when the heat provided by the heat pump is no longer sufficient in a particular application to cover the heat demand of the central heating system, in particular the heat demand of the heat exchanger and / or the domestic hot water storage tank. The energy supply to the heat pump control and / or regulation device could then also be provided directly via an electrical grid, for example; this should also be noted.

[0048] The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a method for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a central heating system having the features of patent claim 13.

[0049] One aspect of the invention then essentially lies in the fact that, with the aid of a temperature sensor, an actual domestic water temperature in a - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic water storage tank is measured, determined, and / or calculated, in particular by a heat pump control and / or regulation device. A further aspect of the invention is then that the heat pump is controlled and / or regulated by means of a heat pump control and / or regulation device depending on the determined actual domestic water temperature.

[0050] In this way, the temperature of the domestic water is particularly effectively controlled and / or regulated by the heat pump and the heat pump control and / or regulation device. By arranging the temperature sensor in the lower area of ​​the domestic water storage tank (viewed vertically), the heat pump is activated and / or regulated particularly quickly, in particular without a significant time delay when fresh and therefore particularly cold domestic water is then fed back into the domestic water storage tank due to the withdrawal of domestic water from the domestic water storage tank, e.g., for a shower. This is especially true because the supplied domestic water flows around the temperature sensor before it mixes with the remaining domestic water still present in the domestic water storage tank.

[0051] The temperature sensor is designed as a first temperature sensor for measuring and / or determining a first actual domestic water temperature. The first actual domestic water temperature is transmitted to a heat pump control and / or regulating device and / or determined and / or calculated by the heat pump control and / or regulating device. A second, preferably average, actual domestic water temperature is measured, determined and / or calculated by a second temperature sensor in a - vertically viewed - middle or upper area of ​​the domestic water storage tank. The second actual domestic water temperature is transmitted to the central heating control and / or regulating device and / or determined and / or calculated by the central heating control and / or regulating device. The primary heat source is controlled and / or regulated by the central heating control and / or regulating device depending on the second actual domestic water temperature.

[0052] The specific arrangement of the two temperature sensors ensures optimal control and / or regulation of the entire central heating system with a view to minimizing the fuel requirement for the primary heat source. Because the first temperature sensor determines a lower actual domestic water temperature than the second temperature sensor due to the temperature stratification of the domestic water in the domestic water storage tank, the entire central heating system can be optimally controlled with independently implemented central heating control and / or regulation devices and heat pump control and / or regulation devices, with the heat pump being preferably operated upstream of the primary heat source. This minimizes or reduces the fuel requirement for the primary heat source.

[0053] The heat pump can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulation device to heat the heat transfer fluid, in particular when the first actual domestic water temperature measured, determined, and / or calculated with the aid of the first temperature sensor falls below a first limit temperature. The primary heat source can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulation device to heat the heat transfer fluid, in particular when the second actual domestic water temperature measured, determined, and / or calculated with the aid of the second temperature sensor falls below a second limit temperature.

[0054] By introducing the first and second limit temperatures, the heat pump is preferentially operated in a particularly simple manner, whereby in particular the first and second limit temperatures are selected accordingly.

[0055] The first and the second limit temperature are further preferably selected such that the primary heat source is only operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device for heating the heat transfer fluid when a heat requirement of the domestic hot water storage tank exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by the heat pump at maximum output of the heat pump or - to put it another way - the output of the heat pump alone is no longer sufficient to heat the domestic hot water to the desired temperature.

[0056] This ensures optimal utilization of the heat pump's performance, and the primary energy requirement for the central heating system's primary heat source—namely, the fuel requirement—is further reduced. The heat requirement of the domestic hot water storage tank is preferably determined indirectly by selecting the threshold temperatures in relation to other relevant parameters, such as the size of the domestic hot water storage tank.

[0057] During operation of the domestic hot water storage tank, a vertical temperature stratification of the domestic hot water in the storage tank is preferably established. The first actual domestic hot water temperature is measured in a lower, first temperature layer. The second actual domestic hot water temperature is measured in a middle or upper, second temperature layer. The first temperature layer forms vertically below the second temperature layer.

[0058] Central heating systems use domestic hot water storage tanks which have a particularly pronounced temperature stratification. For example, viewed vertically, the lowest temperature layer, which is in particular the first temperature layer, has a temperature of approximately 30°C. The top temperature layer then has a temperature of approximately 45°C, for example. The middle or upper, second temperature layer then has a temperature of approximately 40°C, for example. It would also be conceivable to operate the domestic hot water storage tank at higher temperatures, with the lowest temperature layer, which is in particular the first temperature layer, having a temperature of approximately 50°C, the top temperature layer then having a temperature of approximately 60°C, for example, and the middle or upper, second temperature layer then having a temperature of approximately 56°C, for example.

[0059] Advantageously, the heat pump is controlled and / or regulated by the heat pump control and / or regulation device, in particular depending on the outside temperature measured by an outside temperature sensor. Thus, depending on the outside temperature, the building can be heated accordingly by means of the heat exchanger, in particular the heater or radiator, especially with the help of multiple heaters. In winter, when outside temperatures are low, the building is heated more intensively by the central heating system than in summer, which results in correspondingly high flow rates from the heat pump, which can drop to zero, especially in summer.

[0060] According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the heating pump is switched off by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device when the storage pump is operated and / or activated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device. This is particularly the case when the domestic water present in the domestic water storage tank needs to be heated due to the withdrawal of domestic water from the domestic water storage tank, e.g., for a shower, and when the domestic water storage tank is refilled with new domestic water (e.g., drinking water). One could also say that the central heating system heats either the building or the domestic water. This is advantageous because it allows the maximum output of the central heating system to be set somewhat lower than if the building and the domestic water were to be heated simultaneously.During the periods when domestic water is being heated, the temperature of the building drops very little under normal occupant usage, so only minimal to imperceptible comfort losses can be expected from the "brief" shutdown of the heating pump. However, simultaneous heating of the building and domestic water is also conceivable, which is also referred to as "parallel" operation of the central heating system. In this "parallel" operation, the heating pump and the storage pump, in particular, operate simultaneously.

[0061] Preferably, the heat pump and / or the circulation pump are controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device as a function of a first actual heat transfer fluid temperature formed at the outlet of the heat pump and / or as a function of a first target heat transfer fluid temperature predetermined for the outlet of the heat pump.

[0062] The heat pump has an internal fluid circuit through which a refrigerant flows. This refrigerant evaporates at low pressure while heat is added. After being compressed to a higher pressure, it condenses again and releases heat to the heat transfer fluid. This process requires an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle. The gaseous refrigerant is compressed in the compressor and, in particular, heats up in the process. The hot, compressed refrigerant then releases its heat to the heat transfer fluid in the condenser. The compressed refrigerant cools down and, in particular, condenses at least partially into liquid refrigerant. As it subsequently flows through the throttle, the refrigerant is expanded and, in particular, further cooled partially. The then cold refrigerant then flows through the evaporator, which is usually located outside the building.In the evaporator, the cold refrigerant is heated, for example, by groundwater or the outside air, and evaporates in the process. The refrigerant is then fed back to the compressor, and the process begins, in particular, anew. Preferably, the heat pump is designed as an air-to-water heat pump, in which the refrigerant in the evaporator is heated by the outside air. Further preferably, the evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, and the throttle are designed as a single structural unit, with the heat pump inlet line and the heat pump outlet line being connected, in particular, to the heat pump condenser.

[0063] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the primary heat source is controlled and / or regulated by means of the central heating control and / or regulation device as a function of a second actual heat transfer fluid temperature - which develops within or in the region of the primary heat source - and / or a second target heat transfer fluid temperature - which is predetermined for the primary heat source.

[0064] This represents a simple way of controlling and / or regulating the primary heat source using the central heating control and / or regulating device. It is conceivable that a further temperature sensor is arranged within or in the vicinity of the primary heat source to determine the second actual heat transfer fluid temperature. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the second actual heat transfer fluid temperature is determined, in particular calculated, using physical models stored in the central heating control and / or regulating device.

[0065] It can be very advantageous if the second target heat transfer fluid temperature is below the first target heat transfer fluid temperature or is set accordingly, so that the primary heat source is only operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device for heating the heat transfer fluid when a heat requirement of the central heating system, in particular a heat requirement of the heat exchanger and / or the domestic hot water storage tank, exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by means of the heat pump at maximum output of the heat pump.

[0066] This allows the heat pump to be preferentially operated as the primary heat source even when the domestic water in the domestic hot water storage tank is not currently being heated by the heat transfer fluid and the heat transfer fluid is not being pumped through the third heating circuit by the storage pump. Overall, particularly over the course of the year, the fuel requirement of the central heating system can thus be further reduced. The heat requirement of the central heating system, in particular of the heat exchanger and / or the domestic hot water storage tank, is preferably determined indirectly, particularly via the selection / setting of the two target heat transfer fluid temperatures. Such a heat requirement of the heat exchanger also depends, in particular, on the desired room temperature of a room to be heated by the heat exchanger.It is conceivable that such a desired room temperature is selected by a user of the room to be heated and is then subsequently available in the heat pump control and / or regulation device for controlling and / or regulating the heat pump. One could also say that the first target heat transfer fluid temperature is then dependent on the desired room temperature. If the heat pump is controlled and / or regulated based on the desired room temperature, this is also referred to as modulating operation of the heat pump.

[0067] Preferably, the first target heat transfer fluid temperature and / or the first limit temperature are determined by means of a table and / or formula stored in the heat pump control and / or regulation device, in particular the first target heat transfer fluid temperature is also determined as a function of an outside temperature measured and / or determined by the outside temperature sensor and / or calculated as a function of a desired room temperature. In particular, the first target heat transfer fluid temperature is 55°C to 65°C, in particular 59°C to 61°C.

[0068] Thus, the central heating system is optimized for lower heat demand at higher outside temperatures, namely by having lower values ​​for the first target heat transfer fluid temperature at higher outside temperatures. By lowering the first target heat transfer fluid temperature and / or the first limit temperature, operation of the primary heat source can be reduced or the efficiency of the entire system can be increased. The dependence of the first target heat transfer fluid temperature on the outside temperature is also referred to as the heating curve. The first target heat transfer fluid temperature can also be referred to as the target flow temperature. In particular, the first target heat transfer fluid temperature depends on both the outside temperature and the desired room temperature.

[0069] According to a further embodiment of the method, the second target heat transfer fluid temperature and / or the second limit temperature are determined by means of a table and / or formula stored in the central heating control and / or regulation device, in particular the second target heat transfer fluid temperature is also determined as a function of an outside temperature measured and / or determined by means of a preferably further outside temperature sensor and / or is calculated as a function of a desired room temperature. In particular, the second target heat transfer fluid temperature is 51°C to 53°C at an outside temperature between -1°C and +1°C.

[0070] Thus, the central heating system is optimized in terms of its energy requirements, especially its fuel requirements.

[0071] To simplify the method, the first and / or second limit temperatures are stored as constant values ​​in the heat pump control and / or regulating device and / or in the central heating control and / or regulating device, so that the first and second limit temperatures are independent of the outside temperature. The first limit temperature is set or stored in the heat pump control and / or regulating device, in particular, with the second limit temperature being stored and / or set in the central heating control and / or regulating device.

[0072] There are now a multitude of possibilities for advantageously designing and developing the central heating system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a central heating system. Reference may be made in this regard to the claims subordinate to claim 1 and to the claims subordinate to claim 13. A preferred embodiment of the central heating system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating the central heating system will now be explained and described in more detail with reference to the following drawing and the associated description below. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a hydraulic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the central heating system, Fig. 2a shows a schematic representation of a domestic hot water storage tank for use in a central heating system in an enlarged side view, Fig. 2b shows a schematic representation of the domestic hot water storage tank for use in the central heating system in an enlarged side view with, in contrast to the Fig. 2a changed temperature stratification, Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a hydraulic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the central heating system, Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a process for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a heat pump of the central heating system according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a process for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a primary heat source of the central heating system according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, Fig. 6a shows a schematic representation of a dependency of a first target heat transfer fluid temperature, a first limit temperature, a second target heat transfer fluid temperature or a second limit temperature on the outside temperature, wherein the first limit temperature is lower than the second limit temperature, and Fig. 6b shows a schematic representation of a dependency of a first target heat transfer fluid temperature, a first limit temperature, a second target heat transfer fluid temperature or a second limit temperature on the outside temperature, wherein the first limit temperature is greater than the second limit temperature.

[0073] The Fig. 1 and Fig. The central heating system 1 shown in Figure 3 comprises at least one primary heat source 2 operable with the aid of fuels, in particular a heating boiler and / or a gas boiler, at least one electrically operable heat pump 3, at least one heat exchanger 4, preferably a heating element or a radiator for heating a building, and at least one domestic hot water storage tank 5. The heat exchanger 4 could also be designed by means of or as an underfloor heating system. It should also be noted here that the terms "primary heat source 2 operable with fuels" or "heating boiler" include, in particular, an oil-fired oil boiler or a gas-fired gas boiler.

[0074] A heat transfer fluid 6, in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source 2 and / or with the aid of the heat pump 3. The heat transfer fluid 6, in particular previously heated, can be conveyed through the heat exchanger 4 by means of a piping system 7 and a heating pump 8.

[0075] By means of the pipe system 7, in particular with the aid of a circulation pump 9, the heat transfer fluid 6 can be conveyed for heating by the heat pump 3.

[0076] By means of the pipe system 7 and a storage pump 10, the heat transfer fluid 6 can be conveyed to the domestic water storage tank 5 for heating domestic water 11 temporarily stored in the domestic water storage tank 5, in particular for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid 6 to the domestic water 11 through or adjacent to the domestic water storage tank 5.

[0077] Such a domestic hot water storage tank 5, which is used both in the first embodiment of the central heating system according to Fig. 1 and in the second embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to Fig. 3 is schematically enlarged in the Fig. 2a and the Fig. 2b. The heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid 6 to the domestic water 11 takes place here in particular by means of a line running helically through the domestic water storage tank 5, through which the heat transfer fluid 6 can be passed. The line could also run in a different way, e.g. in a curved shape through the domestic water storage tank 5. Preferably, the heat transfer fluid 6 can be fed to an upper end of the line running helically through the domestic water storage tank 5 and can be discharged again from the domestic water storage tank 5 from a lower end of the line running helically through the domestic water storage tank 5. Alternatively, it is conceivable that a preferably meandering line is arranged and / or formed in a wall of the domestic water storage tank 5 in order to enable heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid 6 to the domestic water 11 by means of the heat transfer fluid 6 flowing through this line.Furthermore, lines for this heat transfer could be arranged on the outside of the wall of the domestic hot water storage tank 5, wherein these lines are then insulated in particular on a side facing away from the domestic hot water storage tank 5.

[0078] The heat transfer fluid 6 can therefore be conveyed to the domestic hot water storage tank 5 in order to flow in particular through the said line arranged within the domestic hot water storage tank 5, within the wall of the domestic hot water storage tank 5 and / or externally on the wall of the domestic hot water storage tank 5, so that the heat transfer fluid 6 then flows through or adjacent to the domestic hot water storage tank 5 and in the process heats the domestic hot water 11.

[0079] The heat transfer fluid 6 can be pumped through the primary heat source 2 by means of the heating pump 8, in particular the circulation pump 9, and / or the storage pump 10. A central heating control and / or regulation device 12 is connected to the primary heat source 2 for its control and / or regulation.

[0080] It is conceivable that the heat exchanger 4 and the heat pump 3 are connected in such a way, in particular in series in terms of flow technology, that the heat transfer fluid 6 can be conveyed by means of the heating pump 8 through both the heat exchanger 4 and the heat pump 3, so that the use of the circulation pump 9 is then not absolutely necessary.

[0081] A temperature sensor 13.1 is located in a - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic hot water tank 5 or adjacent to this - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic hot water tank 5 for determining the actual domestic hot water temperature T B1The temperature sensor 13.1 is connected to a heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 for control, signal, and / or data purposes. The heat pump 3 is connected to the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 for control purposes. The heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump 3, depending on the determined actual domestic water temperature T B1 is controllable and / or adjustable.

[0082] The temperature sensor 13.1 could penetrate a wall of the domestic hot water tank 5, so that a measuring area of ​​the temperature sensor 13.1 is arranged within the domestic hot water tank 5 with direct contact to the domestic hot water 11.

[0083] In the preferred embodiment, however, the temperature sensor 13.1 is - as shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b - arranged in or on a part of a domestic water inflow line 17 formed between an inflow valve 15 and an inflow connection 16 of the domestic water storage tank 5, in particular by means of a T-piece 18. Here, the measuring range of the temperature sensor 13.1 is in direct contact with the domestic water 11. The T-piece 18 is according to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b is interposed into the domestic water supply line 17 in such a way that a portion of the domestic water supply line 17 is connected to a branch of the T-piece 18, so that the temperature sensor 13.1 is further arranged at one of the two parallel connections of the T-piece 18 and closes this connection by means of a closure cap. The temperature sensor 13.1 preferably penetrates the T-piece 18 completely and is according to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, despite the arrangement on the T-piece 18, its measuring range is arranged within the domestic hot water storage tank 5. On the other hand, it would also be conceivable for the measuring range of the temperature sensor 13.1 to be arranged within the domestic hot water supply line 17, in particular within the T-piece 18.

[0084] On the other hand, it would also be quite conceivable that the temperature sensor 13.1 is arranged on the outside of the wall of the domestic hot water storage tank 5 or on the outside of the domestic hot water inlet pipe 17, in which case the actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14, a temperature gradient occurring across the wall of the domestic hot water storage tank 5 or across a wall of the domestic hot water inflow line 17 is preferably taken into account.

[0085] The Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 symbolized arrangement of the temperature sensor 13.1 basically includes all variants described above.

[0086] Fluidically adjacent to the inlet valve 15, a check valve 15.r is integrated and / or arranged in the domestic water inlet line 17 or interposed therein in order to prevent a backflow of the domestic water 11 from the domestic water storage tank 5 into the domestic water inlet line 17 even when the inlet valve 15 is open.

[0087] The temperature sensor 13.1 is designed as a first temperature sensor 13.1 for determining a first actual domestic water temperature T B1 executed, wherein a second temperature sensor 13.2 in a - vertically viewed - middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water tank 5 for measuring a second, preferably average actual domestic hot water temperature T B2The second temperature sensor 13.2 is connected to the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 for control, signal, and / or data purposes. The central heating control and / or regulation device 12 is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source 2 is controlled as a function of the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 is controllable and / or adjustable.

[0088] The two temperature sensors 13.1 and 13.2 are referred to as the first and second temperature sensors for the sake of clarity. The designation "first" and "second" therefore does not represent a relationship between them and is not to be considered restrictive. Another unambiguous designation for the two temperature sensors would also be conceivable.

[0089] The second temperature sensor 13.2 could also penetrate a wall of the domestic hot water tank 5, so that a measuring range of the second temperature sensor 13.2 would be located inside the domestic hot water tank 5 with direct contact with the domestic hot water 11. In contrast, the second temperature sensor 13.2 could also be arranged externally on the wall of the domestic hot water tank 5.

[0090] The heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump 3 can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 when the first actual domestic water temperature T measured, determined and / or calculated, in particular by the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14, with the aid of the first temperature sensor 13.1 B1 a first limit temperature T B1GThe central heating control and / or regulating device 12 is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source 2 can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device 12 to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 when the second actual domestic water temperature T measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the second temperature sensor 13.2 B2 a second limit temperature T B2G falls below.

[0091] In principle, the control and / or regulation of the heat pump 3 and the primary heat source 2 takes place independently of one another. This means, in particular, that no parameters and / or measured values ​​for the control of the primary heat source 2, such as a level of fuel supply, are then available in the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14. On the other hand, in particular, no operating data and / or regulation device parameters of the heat pump 3 are available in the central heating control and / or regulation device 12. The control of the primary heat source 2 takes place exclusively with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulation device 12, whereby the control of the heat pump takes place exclusively with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14. A particularly indirect dependency between the control and / or regulation of the heat pump 3 and the primary heat source 2 arises, in particular, only through the selection of the two limit temperatures T B1G , TB2G to each other as well as by the specific arrangement of the two associated temperature sensors 13.1, 13.2 to each other.

[0092] For example, the first limit temperature T B1G less than the second limit temperature T B2G.

[0093] On the other hand, the second limit temperature T B2G less than the first limit temperature T B1C , where the second limit temperature T B2G in particular 43°C, in particular in the range from 41°C to 45°C, in which case the first limit temperature T B1G in particular 48°C and in particular in the range from 46°C to 50°C. In this case, the second limit temperature T B2G then in particular 3°C to 7°C, in particular 5°C lower than the first limit temperature T B1G .

[0094] The power of the heat pump 3 can be continuously adjusted, in particular between 0 kW and 25 kW, in particular between 1.5 kW and 7 kW, by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14, in particular an inverter 19 of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14.

[0095] The maximum output of primary heat source 2 is, for example, 17 kW, whereby the output of primary heat source 2 is preferably continuously adjustable. For example, a primary heat source 2 with a maximum output of 15 kW is used in combination with a heat pump 3 with a maximum output of 7 kW, so that a maximum of 22 kW is available via the central heating system 1 with simultaneous operation of primary heat source 2 and heat pump 3, which is sufficient to supply heat to typical residential buildings.

[0096] In the first embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 1, the heat exchanger 4 and the heat pump 3 are fluidically connected in series with respect to the primary heat source 2 or can be connected in series.

[0097] A heat exchanger inflow line L WT , zu of the pipe system 7 is fluidically connected on the one hand to the primary heat source 2 and on the other hand to the heat exchanger 4 or connected accordingly in order to convey the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the heating pump 8 through the heat exchanger inflow line L WT , zu to the heat exchanger 4. A heat pump inlet line L WP , to the pipe system 7 is further fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat exchanger 4 and on the other hand to the heat pump 3 or connected accordingly in order to supply the heat transfer fluid 6 through the heat pump inflow line L WP , zu to the heat pump 3. And a heat pump drain line L WP, abof the piping system 7 is fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat pump 3 and on the other hand to the primary heat source 2 or connected accordingly in order to convey the heat transfer fluid 6 through the heat pump discharge line L WP , ab to the primary heat source 2.

[0098] Thus, the heat transfer fluid 6 preheated by means of the heat pump 3 can be completely supplied to the primary heat source 2.

[0099] The pipeline system 7 has, according to Fig. 1 at least one valve 20, by means of which the heat transfer fluid 6 can be directed and / or guided either from the primary heat source 2 to the heat exchanger 4 or past the heat exchanger 4 to the heat pump 3. The valve 20 is in Fig. 1 is initially shown as a single valve 20 with dashed lines, but in particular in the very preferred embodiment, which is described in more detail below, two 3 / 2-way valves 21.1, 21.2 can be used or are present accordingly.

[0100] The line system 7 therefore has in particular (alternatively to a single, in particular complexly designed valve 20) two 3 / 2-way valves 21.1, 21.2 each with three connections and two switching positions, namely a first, in particular in the heat exchanger inflow line L WT , zu arranged or interposed, 3 / 2-way valve 21.1 and a second, in particular in the heat pump inlet line L WP , zuarranged or interposed, 3 / 2-way valve 21.2. The first 3 / 2-way valve 21.1 is fluidly connected or connected accordingly to the primary heat source 2, the heat exchanger 4, and the second 3 / 2-way valve 21.2. The second 3 / 2-way valve 21.2 is fluidly connected or connected accordingly to the heat exchanger 4, the first 3 / 2-way valve 21.1, and the heat pump 3. The first 3 / 2-way valve 21.1 enables the heat transfer fluid 6 to flow optionally from the primary heat source 2 to the heat exchanger 4 or to the second 3 / 2-way valve 21.2. By means of the second 3 / 2-way valve 21.2, the flow of the heat transfer fluid 6 from the heat exchanger 4 or from the first 3 / 2-way valve 21.1 to the heat pump 3 is optionally possible. The valve 20 or the 3 / 2-way valves 21.1 and 21.2 are connected in particular to the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14.the corresponding switching positions of the valve 20, in particular the switching positions of the 3 / 2-way valves 21.1 and 21.2, can be set or switched accordingly with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14.

[0101] These described flow paths, which can be implemented by means of the two 3 / 2-way valves 21.1, 21.2, could also be implemented by means of a single valve 20 (as a dashed representation in Fig. 1), wherein this one valve 20 is then designed in particular as a 4 / 2-way valve with four connections and two switching positions, wherein in the first switching position of the valve 20 a flow of the heat transfer fluid 6 from the primary heat source 2 via the heat exchanger 4 to the heat pump 3 is enabled, and wherein in a second switching position of the valve 20 a flow of the heat transfer fluid 6 from the primary heat source 2 past the heat exchanger 4 to the heat pump 3 is enabled. The switching positions of the previously described valve 20 are then also controlled or switched accordingly, in particular with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14.

[0102] From the group of the following elements or components, namely the heat exchanger inlet line L WT, zu at least in sections, the heat pump inlet line L WP, zu at least in sections, the heat pump drain line L WP, abAt least two elements and / or components and respective associated connections are arranged and / or formed on a hydraulic module 22 forming a common structural unit, at least in sections, of the circulation pump 9 and the valve 20, in particular the first 3 / 2-way valve 21.1 and the second 3 / 2-way valve 21.2. The aforementioned lines can also be formed in sections in this hydraulic module.

[0103] The hydraulic module 22 is according to Fig. 1 symbolized here with dot-dash lines, wherein in particular the one valve 20 or the two 3 / 2-way valves 21.1, 21.2 as well as the circulation pump 9 are also part of the hydraulic module 22. The hydraulic module 22 can preferably be pre-assembled in a factory and / or by a heating engineer, so that the assembly effort on site, in the end customer's building, can be reduced and simple and cost-effective assembly is enabled.

[0104] In the second embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 3, the heat exchanger 4 and the heat pump 3 are connected in parallel with respect to the primary heat source 2.

[0105] For this purpose, a heat exchanger inlet line L WT , zu of the pipe system 7 on the one hand with the primary heat source 2 and on the other hand with the heat exchanger 4 fluidically connected or connected accordingly in order to convey the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the heating pump 8 through the heat exchanger inflow line L WT , zu to the heat exchanger 4. A heat exchanger drain line L WT, ab of the piping system 7 is further fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat exchanger 4 and on the other hand to the primary heat source 2 or connected accordingly in order to convey the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the heating pump 8 through the heat exchanger discharge line L WT , abto the primary heat source 2. A heat pump inlet line L WP , zu of the pipe system 7 is connected on the one hand to the heat exchanger inflow line L WT , zu and on the other hand fluidically connected to the heat pump 3 or connected accordingly in order to circulate the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the circulation pump 9 through the heat pump inlet line L WP, zu to the heat pump 3. Furthermore, a heat pump drain line L WP, ab of the pipe system 7 on the one hand with the heat pump 3 and on the other hand with the heat exchanger drain line L WT, ab fluidically connected or connected accordingly to convey the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the circulation pump 9 through the heat pump discharge line L WP, ab and part of the heat exchanger drain line L WT, ab to the primary heat source 2.

[0106] Thus, during operation of the central heating system 1, the heat transfer fluid 6 preheated by the heat pump 3 is first mixed with heat transfer fluid 6 coming from the heat exchanger 4 before it is (re)circulated to the primary heat source 2 when the heating pump 8 is also in operation in addition to the circulation pump 9. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, valves are not absolutely necessary in the second exemplary embodiment. The flow of heat transfer fluid 6 to the heat exchanger 4 can be generated or realized by means of the heating pump 8, and the flow of heat transfer fluid 6 to the heat pump 3 can be generated or realized by means of the circulation pump 9. If the heat exchanger 4 or the heat pump 3 are not to be supplied with heat transfer fluid 6, or if the respective flow in the respective circuit is not to be realized, essentially only the associated pump 8 or 9 needs to be switched off or then switched off.However, a reduction in the efficiency of the central heating system 1 of the second embodiment is to be expected compared to the first embodiment due to the described mixing of the heat transfer fluid 6 and the resulting lower temperature of the heat transfer fluid 6 supplied to the primary heat source 2. Therefore, a direct connection of the heat pump inlet line and the heat pump outlet line to the primary heat source would also be conceivable for implementing the previously described parallel fluidic connection of heat exchanger 4 and heat pump 3.

[0107] In the second embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 3, in particular, a check valve 23 can optionally be arranged between the heat exchanger 4 and a heat exchanger drain line L WT, ab and the heat pump drain line L WP , ab arranged and / or formed connecting piece 24 into the heat exchanger drain line LWT, ab integrated and / or arranged or interposed here to allow a return flow of the heat transfer fluid 6 from the heat pump 3 to the heat exchanger 4 via the heat exchanger drain line L WT, ab to avoid.

[0108] In the primary heat source 2, a distribution system (in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 shown in dashed lines) for the heat transfer fluid 6, i.e., corresponding flow channels through which the heat transfer fluid 6 can flow, to which the heating circuits are connected. The heat exchanger inlet line L WP , zu and the heat pump drain line L WP , ab, as well as a line leading to the domestic hot water tank 5 and a line returning from the domestic hot water tank 5, which each conduct or transport the heat transfer fluid 6, are connected to the primary heat source 2, in particular to such a distribution system, or are fluidly connected to the primary heat source 2, in particular a boiler. The heat transfer fluid 6 can therefore flow through the primary heat source 2, in particular the distribution system, so that the heat transfer fluid 6 is heated during this flow, if necessary also with the help of the primary heat source 2. However, the heat transfer fluid 6 can also flow through the primary heat source 2, in particular the distribution system, without the heat transfer fluid 6 being heated by the primary heat source 2 during this flow, in particular without the primary heat source 2 being actively operated.

[0109] The heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is connected in particular to the central heating control and / or regulating device 12 for the energy supply of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14. A connection to a power grid is also conceivable. The heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is connected to the heat pump 8 for the control and / or regulating of the heating pump 8 and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is connected to the circulation pump 9 for the control and / or regulating of the circulation pump 9 and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is connected to the storage pump 10 for the control and / or regulating of the storage pump 10 and / or the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 is connected to an outside temperature sensor 13.a for determining an outside temperature T aconnected for control, signal, and / or data purposes. Furthermore, the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 is effectively connected for control, signal, and / or data purposes to the first temperature sensor 13.1. This applies to both the first and the second embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. These connections are symbolized by dashed lines.

[0110] Preferably, in the first embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 1 also the valve 20, in particular the two 3 / 2-way valves 21.1, 21.2, are connected in terms of control technology to the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14, which is shown in particular by means of a dashed line.

[0111] If in the second embodiment of the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 3 the check valve 23 is provided, the check valve 23 could also be connected to the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 for control purposes.

[0112] In the following, the operation and / or control and / or regulation of the central heating system 1, in particular the central heating system 1 according to the Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 described in more detail.

[0113] During operation and / or during control and / or during regulation of the central heating system 1, in particular the central heating system 1 according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, a heat transfer fluid 6, in particular water, is heated by means of the primary heat source 2 and / or the heat pump 3.

[0114] The heat transfer fluid 6, which has in particular been previously heated, is optionally conveyed by means of a heating pump 8 through part of a pipe system 7 and through the heat exchanger 4 in order to heat the environment adjacent to the heat exchanger 4, in particular, for example, the interior of a building, by means of heat exchangers designed as radiators.

[0115] The heat transfer fluid 6 is optionally conveyed, in particular by means of a circulation pump 9, through a further part of the pipe system 7 and through the heat pump 3 in order to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 by means of the heat pump 3.

[0116] The heat transfer fluid 6 is optionally conveyed by means of a storage pump 10 through a further part of the pipe system 7, in particular for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid 6 to the domestic water 11 through or adjacent to the domestic water storage tank 5, to the domestic water storage tank 5 in order to heat the domestic water 11 temporarily stored in the domestic water storage tank 5, in particular, for example, so that heated domestic water is available for a shower for the residents of a building.

[0117] The heat transfer fluid 6 is pumped through and / or to the primary heat source 2 by means of the heating pump 8, in particular the circulation pump 9, and / or the storage pump 10. The primary heat source 2 is controlled and / or regulated by a central heating control and / or regulation device 12.

[0118] With the help of a temperature sensor 13.1, an actual domestic water temperature T B1in a - vertically viewed - lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank 5, measured, determined and / or calculated, in particular by the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14. The heat pump 3 is controlled by a heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 depending on the determined actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 controlled and / or regulated.

[0119] This leads to several advantages. First, it allows for simple and cost-effective control of the system. The central heating control and / or regulating device 12 and the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14 can operate essentially independently of one another or control the entire central heating system 1 essentially independently of one another. A system that initially has only one primary heat source, for example, can be easily and cost-effectively retrofitted with a heat pump 3 and the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14.

[0120] Because the first temperature sensor 13.1 measures the first actual domestic water temperature T B1If the measured temperature is determined in the lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank 5 (viewed vertically), the heat pump 3 can be quickly activated without a significant time delay and without extensive and complex control effort using the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14. This helps to avoid initially activating the primary heat source 2, which in turn can save fuel.

[0121] The first actual domestic water temperature T B1 is therefore transmitted to the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 and / or determined and / or calculated by the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14. The second, preferably average, actual domestic water temperature T B2 is measured, determined, and / or calculated by a second temperature sensor 13.2 in a - vertically viewed - middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water tank 5. The second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2is transmitted to the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 and / or determined and / or calculated by the central heating control and / or regulation device 12. The primary heat source 2 is controlled by the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 depending on the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 controlled and / or regulated.

[0122] The heat pump 3 can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 when the first actual domestic water temperature T measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the first temperature sensor 13.1 B1 a first limit temperature T B1GThe heat pump 3 and / or the circulation pump 9 are further controlled by the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14, in particular additionally depending on a first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T which is formed at the outlet of the heat pump 3. W1 controlled and / or regulated. In particular, a first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll which should be present at the outlet of the heat pump 3 during operation of the heat pump 3. In particular, the heat pump 3 is therefore operated depending on the first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 and / or depending on the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T set for heat pump 3 W1, soll controlled and / or regulated. If the first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 at the outlet of the heat pump 3 below or above the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, sollthe heat pump 3 is controlled and / or operated in such a way that the corresponding first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll again, especially then the correspondingly desired first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll also as actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 is then actually achieved or realized at the outlet of heat pump 3.

[0123] The primary heat source 2 can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 for heating the heat transfer fluid 6 when the second actual domestic water temperature T measured, determined and / or calculated with the aid of the second temperature sensor 13.2 B2 a second limit temperature T B2GThe primary heat source 2 is further controlled by the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 depending on a second actual heat transfer fluid temperature T, which develops within or in the area of ​​the primary heat source 2. W2 controlled and / or regulated. In particular, the primary heat source 2 is additionally controlled in dependence on a second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll controlled and / or regulated. If the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 6 measured within the primary heat source 2, i.e. the actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 below the target heat transfer fluid temperature T set for primary heat source 2 W2, soll The primary heat source 2 is operated accordingly to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 accordingly. This is also implemented accordingly using the central heating control and / or regulation device 12.

[0124] These processes for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating the heat pump 3 of the central heating system 1 according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 are based on a schematic representation of a flow chart according to Fig. 4 is explained in more detail here. First, it is continuously checked whether the first actual domestic water temperature T B1 below the first limit temperature T B1G If this is the case, process step V WP1 , namely the corresponding operation / control and / or activation of the heat pump 3. The heat pump 3 is then operated in particular until the first actual domestic water temperature T B1 again above the first limit temperature T B1G It is also conceivable that a first switch-off limit temperature T B1G' which is preferably 4°C to 6°C above the first limit temperature T B1Gand the heat pump 3 is then operated in particular until the first actual domestic water temperature T B1 above the first switch-off limit temperature T B1G' If the first actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 i.e. the first limit temperature T B1C , or the first switch-off limit temperature T B1G' exceeds, process step V WP2 , namely a different operating mode and / or even the deactivation of heat pump 3. The process then starts again by checking whether the first actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 below the first limit temperature T B1CThe process steps described above are carried out particularly when domestic water is withdrawn from the domestic water storage tank, e.g., for a shower, and new, "colder" domestic water is then added to the domestic water. The third heating circuit, in particular storage pump 10, is activated simultaneously to heat the domestic water.

[0125] The processes for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating the primary heat source 2 of the central heating system 1 according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 are a schematic representation of a flow chart according to the Fig. 5 is explained in more detail here. Here, it is first continuously checked whether the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 below the second limit temperature T B2G' If this is the case, process step V PR1, namely the operation and / or activation of the primary heat source 2. The primary heat source 2 is then operated in particular until the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 again above the second limit temperature T B2G It is also conceivable that a second switch-off limit temperature T B2G' which is preferably 4°C to 6°C above the second limit temperature T B2G and the primary heat source 2 is then operated in particular until the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 above the second switch-off limit temperature T B2G' If the second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2 i.e. the second limit temperature T B2G or the second switch-off limit temperature T B2G' exceeds, process step V PR2, namely a different operating mode and / or the deactivation of the primary heat source 2. The process then starts again by checking whether the second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2 below the second limit temperature T B2G The process steps described above are carried out in particular when domestic water is withdrawn from the domestic water storage tank, e.g. for a shower, and new, "colder" domestic water is then added to the domestic water. The third heating circuit, in particular the storage pump 10, is activated at the same time to heat the domestic water or has already been activated, since the Fig. 4 described procedural steps, in particular prior to the Fig. 5 described process steps. Simply put, the correspondingly implemented control ensures that the heat pump 3 is controlled or used preferentially before the primary heat source 2 for heating the domestic water 11.

[0126] But even in a "normal heating operation" of the central heating system, i.e. when the domestic water 11 does not need to be heated and, for example, only the heat transfer fluid 6 needs to be heated to operate the heat exchanger 4, the heat pump 3 in particular can and will always be used preferentially before the primary heat source 2 to heat the heat transfer fluid 6 or activated and / or controlled accordingly; this should also be pointed out again.

[0127] The first and / or second limit temperature T B1G , T B2Gare in particular also selected such that the primary heat source 2 is operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 for heating the heat transfer fluid 6 only when a heat demand of the domestic hot water storage tank 5 exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by the heat pump 3 at maximum power. This is particularly the case when the second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2 below the second limit temperature T B2G drops, especially although heat pump 3 is operating at full capacity.

[0128] During operation of the domestic hot water storage tank 5, a vertical temperature stratification of the domestic hot water 11 occurs in the domestic hot water storage tank 5. The first actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 is measured - viewed vertically - in a lower, first temperature layer 25.1. The second actual domestic water temperature T B2is measured - viewed vertically - in a middle or upper, second temperature layer 25.2. The first temperature layer 25.1 forms vertically below the second temperature layer 25.2.

[0129] This temperature stratification is in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2a and Fig. 3 with exemplary temperatures between 30°C in the first, lowest temperature layer 25.1 and 45°C in the uppermost temperature layer. Fig. The temperature stratification shown in Figure 2a between 30°C in the first, lowest temperature layer 25.1 and 45°C in the uppermost temperature layer occurs in particular when the first limit temperature T B1G less than the second limit temperature T B2G and then in particular T B1G = 30° C and T B2G < 40°C, especially T B2G then choose between 35°C and 38°C.

[0130] If the second limit temperature T B2Gless than the first limit temperature T B1G is, in particular the second limit temperature T B2G in particular 43°C, in particular in the range from 41°C to 45°C, and the first limit temperature T B1G in particular 48°C and in particular in the range of 46°C to 50°C, then in particular a Fig. 2b shows a temperature stratification between 50°C in the first, lowest temperature layer 25.1 and 60°C in the uppermost temperature layer. In particular, a temperature difference between the first limit temperature T B1G and the second limit temperature T B2G 3°C to 7°C, preferably 5°C.

[0131] In the case of the Fig. 2a and Fig. The temperatures shown in Figure 2b in the individual layers there are in particular an average temperature for the respective layer.

[0132] The first actual domestic water temperature T B1thus has lower values ​​than the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 , when the domestic water 11 is at rest in the domestic water storage tank 5 for a certain period of time. The temperature stratification can change if domestic water 11 is withdrawn from the domestic water storage tank 5, in particular in its upper area, and / or "new" domestic water 11 is then fed back into the domestic water storage tank 5, in particular in its lower area, whereby a corresponding respective temperature stratification can generally be maintained by means of a corresponding discharge and supply concept within the domestic water storage tank 5.

[0133] The fact that the primary heat source 2 is only operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 for heating the heat transfer fluid 6 when, in particular, a heat demand of the domestic hot water storage tank 5 exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by the heat pump 3 at maximum power is further ensured by the fact that the first actual domestic hot water temperature T B1 below the second temperature layer 25.2, whereby the domestic water 11 is measured in particular as in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b shown in the area of ​​the first, lowest temperature layer 25.1. If now, in comparison to the already heated domestic water 11 present in the domestic water storage tank 5, fresh, cold domestic water 11 is supplied to the domestic water storage tank 5, the first actual domestic water temperature T B1 The second actual domestic water temperature TB2 will only decrease later, when the fresh, cold domestic water 11 or its temperature has spread to the second temperature sensor 13.2. The first limit temperature T B1G is used for a supply of cold domestic water 11 with appropriate selection of the values ​​of the limit temperatures T B1G , T B2G to each other therefore always depend on the corresponding first actual domestic water temperature T B1 before the second limit temperature T B2G by the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 is undershot, so that the heat pump 3 is always operated preferentially, especially before the primary heat source 2 is operated and / or activated. If the output of the heat pump 3 is then sufficient to cover the heat demand of the domestic hot water storage tank 5, the second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2 not below the second limit temperature T B2Gand the primary heat source 2 does not need to be activated and therefore does not need to be operated with fuel combustion. The values ​​of the limit temperatures T B1G , T B2G are selected in particular so that these processes take place as described above and the primary heat source 2 is activated neither too early nor too late in order to save fuel and ensure a comfortable temperature of the domestic water 11 taken from the domestic water storage tank 5.

[0134] The first limit temperature T B1G is either below the second limit temperature T B2G as in Fig. 6a or the first limit temperature T B1G is above the second limit temperature T B2G as in Fig. 6b, where in the case that T B1G <T B2G is, especially when the temperature stratification according to Fig. 2a and where in the case when T B1G >T B2Gor T B2G <T B1G is, in particular, the temperature stratification according to Fig. 2b. In the first case mentioned above, the first limit temperature T B1C , in particular to 30° C and the second limit temperature T B2G to < 40° C, in particular to 35° C to 38° C. In the second case mentioned above, the first limit temperature T B1G in particular in the range of 46° C to 50° C, in particular set to 48° C, and the second limit temperature T B2G in the range of 41° C to 45° C, in particular set to 43° C, as previously partly described and / or explained.

[0135] To set / initiate a particularly optimal temperature control and / or temperature regulation for heating the domestic hot water 11 of the domestic hot water storage tank 5, the following steps are initially carried out: In particular, after the installation of the system and / or before operation of the system, the domestic hot water storage tank 5, which is then initially completely filled with "cold" domestic hot water 11, is initially heated "only" by means of the primary heat source 2, or the domestic hot water 11 is heated only by means of the heat transfer fluid 6 heated by the primary heat source 2. The heat pump 3 remains switched off during this phase. After reaching the desired second actual domestic hot water temperature T B2 , i.e. only when the desired second actual domestic water temperature T B2is determined by the second temperature sensor 13.2, only then is the heat pump 3 switched on or connected. In this case, at the time when the desired temperature of the domestic water 11 or the desired second actual domestic water temperature T B2 has been reached or detected at the second temperature sensor 13.2, then the current first actual domestic water temperature T applied at the first temperature sensor 13.1 B1 measured. To control heat pump 3 for the further operation of the system, the first target heat fluid temperature T W1 , soll for controlling and regulating the heat pump 3 is set to a value that is essentially 5° C higher than the first actual domestic water temperature value T mentioned above and determined. B1 .

[0136] The second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll is set to a value 7°C to 9°C, preferably 8°C lower than TW1, soll . Such a setting of the system prevents unnecessary operation of the primary heat source 2, whereby in particular the heat pump 3, as already described above, is sufficient to heat the domestic water 11 present in the domestic water storage tank 5 accordingly, without the need for operation of the primary heat source 2. The first and / or second limit temperature T B1G and T B2G is then in particular 2°C to 5°C lower than the respective corresponding determined or desired first and second actual domestic water temperature T B1 or T B2 set or then automatically calculated accordingly by the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14.

[0137] In particular with reference to the Fig. 2b the following may now be stated again: It is now also conceivable that the second limit temperature T B2G is set lower than the first limit temperature TB1G For example, T B1G set to 49° C and T B2G set to 43° C. In particular, this essentially results in a temperature stratification, as in Fig. 2b. The domestic hot water storage tank 5 achieves an outlet temperature of 60°C in the uppermost layer, which initially provides protection against bacteria and legionella. Fig. 2b apparent stratification at the same time significantly increases the usable heated water quantity of the domestic water 11 in the domestic water storage tank 5 (compared to Fig. 2a), especially since the domestic water 11 of the domestic water storage tank 5 is now essentially heated up to the lowest layer, or the domestic water 11 located there is or is being heated up accordingly. However, since the usable heated water quantity, for example in comparison to Fig. 2a, in Fig. 2b is now increased, the heat pump 3, even if the first actual domestic water temperature T B1 the first limit temperature T B1G falls below, with a specific blocking time. Or, to put it another way, only after a specific blocking time has elapsed is the domestic water 11 of the domestic water storage tank 5 heated again with the help of the then active heat pump 3. As a result, the required timing of the heat pump 3 is lower. In particular, a setting of T B2G < T B1G also ensure that the primary heat source 2 only contributes to heating the domestic water 11 in the domestic water storage tank 5 when the second actual domestic water temperature T B2 the second limit temperature T B2GThis is particularly the case when a correspondingly large amount of already heated domestic water 11 has been or is being withdrawn from the domestic water storage tank 5, for example, due to a large number of showers taking place simultaneously in an apartment building. Specific off-times for the heat pump 3 can be considered as off-times of 15 to 30 minutes.

[0138] The heating pump 8 is, in particular depending on an outside temperature T measured by an outside temperature sensor 13.a a , controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14.

[0139] The heating pump 8 is initially operated and / or activated synchronously with the heat pump 3, in particular when the storage pump 10 is switched off, in particular deactivated. Synchronous control is made possible in particular by controlling and / or regulating both the heating pump 8 and the heat pump 3 by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device 14.

[0140] The heating pump 8 is switched off, in particular deactivated, by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 when the storage pump 10 is operated and / or activated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14, in particular due to the withdrawal of domestic water 11 from the domestic water storage tank 5. Thus, the domestic water 11 can be reheated more quickly after the withdrawal of domestic water 11 from the domestic water storage tank 5 and after and / or during the supply of fresh, cold domestic water with the aid of the heat transfer fluid 6. Alternatively, the heating pump 8 and the storage pump 10 could also be operated simultaneously; however, in order to heat the domestic water 11 in the domestic water storage tank 5 in the same time, a correspondingly high output would then have to be provided by the heat pump 3 and / or the primary heat source 2.

[0141] The heat pump 3 and / or the circulation pump 9 are controlled by the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14, in particular additionally depending on a first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T which is formed at the outlet of the heat pump 3. W1 and / or depending on a first target heat transfer fluid temperature T specified at the outlet of the heat pump 3 or in the area of ​​the outlet of the heat pump 3 W1, soll controlled and / or regulated. The previously mentioned process step V WP1 (see also the Fig. 4), namely the operation and / or control of the heat pump 3 is then also dependent on this first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 and this first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, sollcarried out, in particular to heat the domestic water 11 accordingly. Various types of controls and / or regulation for the heat pump 3 and / or the circulation pump 9 can be used, which are implemented, for example, using digital programs or analog circuits.

[0142] The primary heat source 2 is controlled by the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 depending on a second actual heat transfer fluid temperature T, which is formed within or in the area of ​​the primary heat source 2. W2 and / or depending on a second target heat transfer fluid temperature T specified for the area of ​​the primary heat source 2 W2 , soll controlled and / or regulated. The previously mentioned process step V PR1 (cf. Fig. 5), namely the operation and / or control, in particular the activation of the primary heat source 2 is thus carried out in dependence on this second actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 and this second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 , soll carried out.

[0143] Different types of controls and / or regulation can also be used for the heating pump 8 and / or the storage pump 10, which are or will be implemented, for example, using digital programs or analog circuits.

[0144] The second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll is in particular below the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, sollthat the primary heat source 2 is operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device 12 for heating the heat transfer fluid 6 only when a heat requirement of the central heating system 1, in particular a heat requirement of the heat exchanger 4 and / or the domestic hot water storage tank 5, exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by means of the heat pump 3 at maximum output of the heat pump 3.

[0145] The heat transfer fluid 6 heated by the heat pump 3 is Fig. 1 directly and in accordance with Fig. 3 may be mixed with heat transfer fluid 6 coming from heat exchanger 4 and fed to the primary heat source 2. During the flow through the heat pump discharge line L WP, abA small heat loss will occur, which leads to a drop in the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 6. Any mixing of the heat transfer fluid 6 coming from the heat pump 3 with the heat transfer fluid 6 coming from the heat exchanger 4 will also lead to a drop in the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 6 coming from the heat pump 3.

[0146] However, if the performance of the heat pump 3 is sufficient to cover the heat demand of the central heating system 1, in particular the heat demand of the heat exchanger 4 and / or the domestic hot water storage tank 5, then the heat transfer fluid 6 will supply the primary heat source 2 with an actual heat transfer fluid temperature above the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll reach, so that then also the second actual heat transfer fluid temperature T present in the primary heat source 2 W2 above the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 , solland the primary heat source 2 therefore does not need to be activated and operated with fuel combustion.

[0147] The values ​​of the target heat transfer fluid temperatures T W1, soll , T W2 , soll are in particular also selected so that the processes take place as described above and the primary heat source 2 is activated neither too early nor too late in order to save fuel and to ensure a comfortable room temperature generated by means of the heat exchangers 4 and / or the domestic water 11 taken from the domestic water storage tank 5.

[0148] The first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 , soll and / or the first limit temperature T B1G is determined by means of a table and / or formula stored in the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 and / or, in particular, the first target heat transfer fluid temperatures T W1, solldepending on an outside temperature T measured and / or determined by the outside temperature sensor 13.a a determined and / or calculated depending on a desired room temperature. In particular, the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll 55°C to 65°C, especially 59°C to 61°C.

[0149] In particular, at lower outside temperatures T a higher first target heat transfer fluid temperatures T W1, soll chosen, especially to ensure that the lower outside temperatures T a to compensate for the higher heat losses to the environment that occur.

[0150] The second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll and / or the second limit temperature T B2G is determined by means of a table and / or formula stored in the central heating control and / or regulation device 12, and / or in particular the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 , solldepending on an outside temperature T measured and / or determined by means of a preferably further outside temperature sensor 13.b a determined and / or calculated depending on a desired room temperature. In particular, the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll 51°C to 53°C at an outside temperature between -1°C and +1°C.

[0151] In particular, at lower outside temperatures T a higher second target heat transfer fluid temperatures T W2, soll chosen, especially to ensure that the lower outside temperatures T a to compensate for the higher heat losses to the environment.

[0152] Fig. 6a and Fig. Figure 6b shows in a very simplified schematic representation a respective dependence of the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll , the first limit temperature T B1G , the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, sollor the second limit temperature T B2G to the outside temperature T a , as they are stored, for example, in tabular form or as a formula in the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 or in the central heating control and / or regulation device 12. Here in Fig. 6a and Fig. Figure 6b shows the respective graphs for the previously mentioned temperature values ​​as examples and in a highly simplified schematic. The first and second limit temperatures T B1G , T B2G are in accordance with Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b as horizontal lines parallel to the X-axis of the outside temperature T a The first and second limit temperatures T B1G , T B2G are thus present in particular as constant values ​​in the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 or in the central heating control and / or regulation device 12, so that the first and second limit temperatures T B1G , T B2Gfor the sake of simplicity, independent of the outside temperature T a are.

[0153] A temperature difference between the first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W1, soll and the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 , soll is preferably 7°C to 9°C, especially 8°C with T W2, soll < T W1, soll . The second limit temperature T B2G is smaller than the second target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2, soll . In particular, effective heating of the domestic water 11 can be achieved by means of the primary heat source 2.

[0154] Finally, it should also be pointed out that the central heating control and / or regulation device 12 and / or the heat pump control and / or regulation device 14 can be designed as a computer and / or have corresponding microprocessors for implementing the desired calculations and / or control sequences. List of reference symbols 1 central heating system 2 Primary heat source 3 heat pump 4 heat exchangers 5 domestic hot water tanks 6 Heat transfer fluid 7 Pipeline system 8 heating pump 9 Circulation pump 10 storage pump 11 Domestic water 12 Central heating control and / or regulation device 13.1 first temperature sensor 13.2 second temperature sensor 13.a Outside temperature sensor 13.b Outside temperature sensor 14 Heat pump control and / or regulation device 15 Inlet valve 15.r Check valve 16 Inlet connection 17 Domestic water supply line, 18 T-piece 19 inverters 20 valve 21.1 first 3 / 2-way valve 21.2 second 3 / 2-way valve 22 Hydraulic module 23 Check valve 24 connecting piece 25.1 first temperature layer 25.2 second temperature layer T B1 first actual domestic water temperature T B2 second actual domestic water temperature T B1G first limit temperature T B1G' first switch-off limit temperature T B2G second limit temperature T B2G' second switch-off limit temperature T a Outside temperature T W1 first actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 second actual heat transfer fluid temperature T W1 , soll first target heat transfer fluid temperature T W2 , soll second target heat transfer fluid temperature L WT, zu Heat exchanger inflow line L WT, ab Heat exchanger drain line L WP, zu Heat pump inflow line L WP, ab Heat pump drain line V WP1Operating and / or activating the heat pump 3 V WP2 Deactivating the heat pump 3 V PR1 Operating and / or activating the primary heat source 2 V PR2 Deactivating primary heat source 2

Claims

[1] Central heating system (1) with at least one primary heat source (2) operable with the aid of fuels, in particular a boiler and / or a gas boiler, with at least one electrically operable heat pump (3), with at least one heat exchanger (4), preferably a heating element or a radiator for heating a building, and with at least one domestic hot water storage tank (5), wherein a heat transfer fluid (6), in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source (2) and / or by means of the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed through the heat exchanger (4) by means of a line system (7) and by means of a heating pump (8), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of the line system (7) for heating by the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of the line system (7) and a storage pump (10) for heating domestic hot water (11) temporarily stored in the domestic hot water storage tank (5),namely for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid (6) to the domestic water (11) through or adjacent to the domestic water storage tank (5), to the domestic water storage tank (5), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) is conveyable by means of the heating pump (8) and / or the storage pump (10) through or to the primary heat source (2), wherein a central heating control and / or regulation device (12) is connected to the primary heat source (2) for the control and / or regulation thereof, characterized by that a temperature sensor (13.1) is arranged vertically in a lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) or adjacent to this vertically viewed lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) for determining the actual domestic hot water temperature (T B1), wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is connected to a heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) in terms of control, signaling and / or data technology, wherein the heat pump (3) is connected to the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) in terms of control, wherein the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump (3) is controlled as a function of the determined actual domestic water temperature (T B1 ) is controllable and / or regulatable, wherein the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) and the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) are designed separately from one another, wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is designed as a first temperature sensor (13.1) for determining a first actual domestic water temperature (T B1), wherein a second temperature sensor (13.2) is arranged in a vertically viewed middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5) for measuring a second actual domestic hot water temperature (T B2 ), wherein the second temperature sensor (13.2) is connected to the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) in terms of control, signaling and / or data technology, wherein the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source (2) is controlled as a function of the second actual domestic water temperature (T B2) is controllable and / or regulatable, wherein the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) is designed and / or constructed such that the heat pump (3) can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) to heat the heat transfer fluid (6) when the first actual domestic water temperature (T B1 ) a first limit temperature (T B1G ), and wherein the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) is designed and / or constructed such that the primary heat source (2) can be operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) when the second actual domestic water temperature (T B2 ) a second limit temperature (T B2G) falls below. [2] Central heating system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the temperature sensor (13.1) is arranged in or on a part of a domestic water inflow line (17) formed between an inflow valve (15) and an inflow connection (16) of the domestic water storage tank (5). [3] Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a power of the heat pump (3) can be continuously adjusted by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14). [4] Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the heat exchanger (4) and the heat pump (3) are connected or can be connected in series in terms of flow technology with respect to the primary heat source (2). [5] Central heating system (1) according to claim 4, characterized by that a heat exchanger inlet line (L WT, zu) of the pipe system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the primary heat source (2) and on the other hand to the heat exchanger (4) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) by means of the heating pump (8) through the heat exchanger inlet line (L WT, zu ) to the heat exchanger (4), wherein a heat pump inlet line (L WP, zu ) of the pipe system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat exchanger (4) and on the other hand to the heat pump (3) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) through the heat pump inlet pipe (L WP, zu ) to the heat pump (3), wherein a heat pump discharge line (L WP, ab ) of the pipe system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat pump (3) and on the other hand to the primary heat source (2) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) through the heat pump discharge pipe (L WP, ab ) to the primary heat source (2). [6] Central heating system (1) according to claim 5, characterized bythat the line system (7) has at least one valve (20) by means of which the heat transfer fluid (6) can be directed and / or guided either from the primary heat source (2) to the heat exchanger (4) or past the heat exchanger (4) to the heat pump (3). [7] Central heating system (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized bythat the line system (7) has two 3 / 2-way valves (21.1, 21.2), each with three connections and each with two switching positions, namely a first 3 / 2-way valve (21.1) and a second 3 / 2-way valve (21.2), wherein the first 3 / 2-way valve (21.1) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source (2), the heat exchanger (4) and to the second 3 / 2-way valve (21.2), wherein the second 3 / 2-way valve (21.2) is fluidically connected to the heat exchanger (4), to the first 3 / 2-way valve (21.1) and to the heat pump (3), wherein by means of the first 3 / 2-way valve (21.1) a flow of the heat transfer fluid (6) from the primary heat source (2) to the heat exchanger (4) or to the second 3 / 2-way valve (21.2) is enabled, and wherein by means of the second 3 / 2-way valve (21.2) a flow of the heat transfer fluid (6) from the heat exchanger (4) or from the first 3 / 2-way valve (21.1) to the heat pump (3) is enabled optionally. [8] Central heating system (1) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized by that from the group of the following elements and / or components, namely the heat exchanger inlet line (L WT, zu ) at least in sections, of the heat pump inlet line (L WP, zu ) at least in sections, the heat pump drain line (L WP, ab ) at least in sections, a circulation pump (9) and the valve (20), at least two elements and / or components and respective associated connections are arranged and / or formed on a hydraulic module (22) forming a common structural unit. [9] Central heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the heat exchanger (4) and the heat pump (3) are connected in parallel flow terms with respect to the primary heat source (2). [10] Central heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3 and according to claim 9, characterized by that a heat exchanger inlet line (L WT, zu) of the pipe system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the primary heat source (2) and on the other hand to the heat exchanger (4) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) by means of the heating pump (8) through the heat exchanger inlet line (L WT, zu ) to the heat exchanger (4), wherein a heat exchanger drain line (L WT, ab ) of the pipe system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the heat exchanger (4) and on the other hand to the primary heat source (2) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) by means of the heating pump (8) through the heat exchanger discharge line (L WT, ab ) to the primary heat source (2), whereby a heat pump inlet line (L WP, zu ) of the pipe system (7) on the one hand with the heat exchanger inflow line (L WT, zu ) and on the other hand is fluidically connected to the heat pump (3) in order to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) by means of the circulation pump (9) through the heat pump inlet line (L WP, zu) to the heat pump (3), wherein a heat pump discharge line (L WP, ab ) of the pipe system (7) on the one hand with the heat pump (3) and on the other hand with the heat exchanger drain line (L WT, ab ) is fluidically connected to convey the heat transfer fluid (6) through the heat pump discharge line (L WP, ab ) and part of the heat exchanger drain line (L WT, ab ) to the primary heat source (2). [11] Central heating system (1) according to claim 10, characterized by that a check valve (23) is provided between the heat exchanger (4) and a valve connected between the heat exchanger discharge line (L WT, ab ) and the heat pump drain line (L WP, ab ) arranged and / or formed connecting piece (24) into the heat exchanger drain line (L WT, ab ) is interposed to prevent a return flow of the heat transfer fluid (6) from the heat pump (3) to the heat exchanger (4) via the heat exchanger discharge line (L WT, ab ) to avoid. [12] Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) is connected to the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) for supplying energy to the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) and / or that the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) is connected to the heat pump (8) for controlling and / or regulating the heating pump (8) and / or that the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) is connected to the circulation pump (9) for controlling and / or regulating the storage pump (10) for controlling and / or regulating the storage pump (10) and / or that the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) is connected to the valve (20) and / or that the heat pump control and / or control device (14) with aOutside temperature sensor (13.a) for determining an outside temperature (T a ) is connected in terms of control, signaling and / or data technology. [13] A method for operating and / or controlling and / or regulating a central heating system (1), in particular a central heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the central heating system (1) comprises at least one primary heat source (2) operable with the aid of fuels, in particular a boiler or a gas boiler, at least one electrically operable heat pump (3), at least one heat exchanger (4), preferably a heating element or a radiator for heating a building, and at least one domestic water storage tank (5), wherein a heat transfer fluid (6), in particular water, is heated by means of the primary heat source (2) and / or the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) is selectively conveyable and / or conveyed by means of a heating pump (8) through part of a piping system (7) and through the heat exchanger (4) in order to heat the environment adjacent to the heat exchanger (4) by means of the heat exchanger (4),wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) is selectively conveyed through a further part of the piping system (7) and through the heat pump (3) in order to heat the heat transfer fluid (6) by means of the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) is selectively conveyed by means of a storage pump (10) through a further part of the piping system (7), namely for heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid (6) to the domestic water (11) through or adjacent to the domestic water storage tank (5), to the domestic water storage tank (5) in order to heat the domestic water (11) temporarily stored in the domestic water storage tank (5), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) is conveyed through or to the primary heat source (2) by means of the heating pump (8) and / or the storage pump (10), and wherein the primary heat source (2) is controlled and / or regulated by means of a central heating control and / or regulation device (12), characterized by that with the help of a temperature sensor (13.1) an actual domestic water temperature (T B1) is measured, determined and / or calculated in a vertically viewed lower area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5), wherein the heat pump (3) is controlled by means of a heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) as a function of the determined actual domestic hot water temperature (T B1 ) is controlled and / or regulated, wherein the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) and the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) are designed separately from one another, wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is designed as a first temperature sensor (13.1) for measuring and / or determining a first actual domestic water temperature (T B1 ), whereby the first actual domestic water temperature (T B1 ) is transmitted to the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) and / or is determined and / or calculated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14), wherein a second actual domestic water temperature (T B2) is measured, determined and / or calculated by means of a second temperature sensor (13.2) in a vertically viewed middle or upper area of ​​the domestic hot water storage tank (5), wherein the second actual domestic hot water temperature (T B2 ) is transmitted to the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) and / or is determined and / or calculated by means of the central heating control and / or regulation device (12), wherein the primary heat source (2) is controlled by means of the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) as a function of the second actual domestic water temperature (T B2 ) is controlled and / or regulated, wherein the heat pump (3) is operated and / or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) when the first actual domestic water temperature (T B1 ) a first limit temperature (T B1G), and wherein the primary heat source (2) is operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) when the second actual domestic water temperature (T B2 ) a second limit temperature (T B2G ) falls below. [14] Method according to claim 13, characterized by that the first and second limit temperatures (T B1G , T B2G ) are selected such that the primary heat source (2) is operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) only when a heat requirement of the domestic hot water storage tank (5) exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by means of the heat pump (3) at maximum output of the heat pump (3). [15] Method according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized by that during operation of the domestic hot water storage tank (5) a vertical temperature stratification of the domestic hot water (11) in the domestic hot water storage tank (5) is established, wherein the first actual domestic hot water temperature (T B1 ) is measured in a lower, first temperature layer (25.1), wherein the second actual domestic water temperature (T B2 ) is measured in a middle or upper, second temperature layer (25.2), wherein the first temperature layer (25.1) is formed vertically below the second temperature layer (25.2). [16] Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by that the heating pump (8) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14). [17] Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized by that the heating pump (8) is controlled as a function of an outside temperature (T a) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14). [18] Method according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized by that the heating pump (8) is switched off by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14) when the storage pump (10) is operated and / or activated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulating device (14). [19] Method according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized by that the heat pump (3) and / or the circulation pump (9) are controlled and / or regulated by means of the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) as a function of a first actual heat transfer fluid temperature (TW1) formed at the outlet of the heat pump (3) and / or as a function of a first desired heat transfer fluid temperature (TW1, soll) predetermined for the outlet of the heat pump (3). [20] Method according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized bythat the primary heat source (2) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) as a function of a second actual heat transfer fluid temperature (TW2) forming within or in the region of the primary heat source (2) and / or as a function of a second desired heat transfer fluid temperature (TW2, soll) predetermined for the inner region of the primary heat source (2). [21] Method according to claim 20, characterized by that the second target heat transfer fluid temperature (T W2 , soll ) so below the first target heat transfer fluid temperature (T W1 , soll) is that the primary heat source (2) is operated and / or activated with the aid of the central heating control and / or regulating device (12) for heating the heat transfer fluid (6) only when a heat requirement of the central heating system (1) exceeds a heat quantity that can be provided by means of the heat pump (3) at maximum output of the heat pump (3). [22] Method according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized by that the first target heat transfer fluid temperature (T W1 , soll ) and / or the first limit temperature (T B1G ) is determined by means of a table or formula stored in the heat pump control and / or regulation device (14) or is calculated as a function of a desired room temperature. [23] Method according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized by that the first target heat transfer fluid temperature (T W1 , soll) depending on an outside temperature (T a ) is determined. [24] Method according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized by that the second target heat transfer fluid temperature (T W2 , soll ) and / or the second limit temperature (T B2G ) is determined by means of a table or formula stored in the central heating control and / or regulation device (12) or is calculated as a function of a desired room temperature. [25] Method according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized by that the second target heat transfer fluid temperature (T w2 , soll ) depending on an outside temperature (T a ) is determined.

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