Mixture of secondary plant compounds and their effect on the aging organism

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition, as well as a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid for oral administration, and its use as an anti-aging agent. The present invention also relates to the use of a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid for providing a balanced protein supply and / or for improving the utilization of amino acids in a cell and / or in an organism. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid for increasing muscle mass, stimulating metabolic activity, positively influencing inflammatory processes, and / or positively influencing the aging process of a cell and / or an organism. The present invention also relates to a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid for use as a medication.Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a composition, a tablet, a capsule or a juice, for use in a method for the prevention or treatment of age-related ailments and / or diseases.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition, such as a tablet, a capsule, or a juice for oral administration, as well as their use as an anti-aging agent. The present invention also relates to the use of a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a juice for providing a balanced protein supply and / or for improving the utilization of amino acids in a cell and / or in an organism. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a juice for increasing the buildup of muscle mass, stimulating metabolic performance, positively influencing inflammatory processes, and / or positively influencing the aging process of a cell and / or an organism. The present invention also relates to a composition, a tablet, a capsule, or a juice for use as a medicament.Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a composition, a tablet, a capsule or a juice, for use in a method for preventing or treating age-related conditions and / or diseases. DESCRIPTION

[0002] A high percentage of health impairments in old age are due to declining nutritional metabolism, resulting in conditions ranging from sarcopenia (muscle loss) to dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. For example, the connection between malnutrition and degenerative phenomena, declining muscle strength (sarcopenia), morbidity, and mortality in hospitalized patients and residents of nursing homes has already been proven. The administration of individual micro- or macronutrients, or combinations thereof, may have some success in individual cases, but they do not fundamentally solve the problems. What is missing is a balanced protein supply while simultaneously considering all other nutrients.

[0003] Alzheimer's disease affects two-thirds of all dementia cases – nearly 40 million patients and their families worldwide are awaiting a breakthrough in research. Unfortunately, the search for a drug to combat this insidious form of Alzheimer's disease has been a history of failures. The key question in Alzheimer's research is whether the removal of certain protein deposits in the brain, known as amyloid plaques, might be the right approach for treatment. This approach is currently being pursued by several drugs, primarily monoclonal antibodies that bind to the so-called beta-amyloids in the brain.

[0004] Many failures in Alzheimer's research indicate the importance of considering other characteristic features and possible causes of the disease beyond the characteristic amyloid plaques, as amyloid plaques may be the consequence of Alzheimer's disease, but not its cause. Therefore, alternative factors such as inflammatory processes, metabolic and / or circulatory disorders, environmental influences, and genetic factors that could be causal for the disease should be considered.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known prior art, in particular to provide a composition that stimulates the organism to compensate for deficiencies in protein supply and / or the metabolic performance of the organism. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a composition that can be used to increase the build-up of muscle mass in an organism, to stimulate the metabolic performance of an organism, to positively influence inflammatory processes in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or to positively influence the aging process of a cell and / or an organism. A further object of the present invention relates to the provision of a composition for use as a medicament and for application in a method for the prevention or treatment of age-related complaints and / or diseases.

[0006] These problems are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In general and by way of brief description, the main aspects of the present invention can be described as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a composition.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a tablet, a capsule or a juice for oral administration.

[0010] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for providing a balanced protein supply in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for improving the utilization of amino acids in a cell and / or in an organism.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for increasing the build-up of muscle mass in an organism, for stimulating the metabolic performance of an organism, for positively influencing inflammatory processes in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for positively influencing the aging process of a cell and / or an organism.

[0012] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, as an anti-aging agent.

[0013] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for use as a medicament.

[0014] In a seventh aspect, the present invention relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for use in a method for preventing or treating age-related conditions and / or diseases.

[0015] In an eighth aspect, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] In the following, the elements of the invention are described in the form of specific embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the specific embodiments can be combined in any number and in any manner to create additional embodiments. The various examples and preferred embodiments described should not be construed as limiting the present invention to the explicitly described embodiments only. This description should be understood to include embodiments that combine two or more of the explicitly described embodiments or that combine one or more of the explicitly described embodiments with any number of the disclosed and / or preferred elements.Furthermore, all permutations and combinations of all elements described in this application should be considered as disclosed by the description of the present application, unless the context indicates otherwise.

[0017] The above object is achieved in a first aspect by providing a composition comprising: (i) At least one essential oil selected from Mentha piperita oil, Pimpinella anisum oil, Syzygium aromaticum oil, Thyme oil (for example, Thymus vulgaris oil, Thymus citriodora oil, Thymbra capitata oil, Thymus pulegioides oil, and / or Thymus serpyllum oil), origanum majorana oil, foeniculum vulgare oil, Salvia rosmarinus oil, Rosmarinus officinalis oil, eucalyptus oil, sojae oil, Elettaria cardamomum oil, Juniperus oil, Myristica fragrans oil, Citrus aurantium oil, Origanum vulgare oil, Satureja spec. oil, Monarda didyma oil, Azadirachta indica oil, Allium fistulosum oil, and Allium schoenoprasum oil; (ii) Ein Extrakt aus Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) At least one additional extract from a plant selected from an extract of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Alpinia officinarum, Potentilla erecta, Quercus robur, Hypericum perforatum, Juglandis, Hamamelidis, Ferula assa-foetida, Zingiber Officinale, Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Curcuma longa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Carica papaya, and Ananas sativus; (iv) At least one polysaccharide, for example β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3, and (vi) Optionally, an alcohol.

[0018] The term "at least one" within the meaning of this invention should be understood as at least one single substance or a single molecule, or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or any desired number of substances or molecules. For example, the term "at least one essential oil" within the meaning of this invention should be understood as at least one essential oil, or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or any desired number of essential oils. Furthermore, for example, the term “at least one additional extract from a plant” in the sense of this invention should be understood as at least one additional extract from a plant, or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or any number of additional extracts from a plant.Furthermore, the term "at least one" within the meaning of this invention encompasses any number of substances or molecules that are preferably evenly distributed within a composition and / or a layer of a composition. However, within the meaning of this invention, the term "at least one" is also intended to encompass any number of substances or molecules that are unevenly distributed within a composition and / or a layer of a composition.

[0019] For the purposes of this invention, the term "approximately" is used to indicate a certain quantity tolerance. "Approximately" means ± 10.0%, or ± 5.0%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 0.1%.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, which can be combined with all aspects and preferred embodiments of the present invention, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is a composition for oral administration.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally comprises one or more of the following components: (a) α-terpineol; (b) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (c) dipropyl trisulfide; (d) dipropyl disulfide; (e) An extract of green tea; (f) Camphora, and / or (g) DL-alpha-tocopherol.

[0022] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned additives (a) to (g) are added as additives during the preparation of a composition according to the invention. In other embodiments, the above-mentioned additives (a) to (g) are present in essential oils and / or extracts from plant substances used for the preparation of a composition according to the invention.

[0023] For example, α-terpineol occurs in the following essential oils: Oleum Salvia rosmarinus, Oleum Elettaria cardamomum, Oleum Juniperus, Oleum Myristica fragrans, and Oleum Citrus aurantium. Therefore, the presence of α-terpineol can also be ensured by the sufficient presence of at least one of the essential oils Oleum Salvia rosmarinus, Oleum Elettaria cardamomum, Oleum Juniperus, Oleum Myristica fragrans, and / or Oleum Citrus aurantium in the composition according to the invention.

[0024] In addition, 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol occurs, for example, in the following essential oils: Oleum Thymi vulgaris (e.g., Oleum Thymus vulgaris, Oleum Thymus citriodora, Oleum Thymbra capitata, Oleum Thymus pulegioides, and / or Oleum Thymus serpyllum), Oleum Salvia rosmarinus, Oleum Origanum vulgare, Oleum Satureja spec., and Oleum Monarda didyma. Thus, the presence of 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol can also be ensured by the sufficient presence of at least one of the essential oils Oleum Thymi vulgaris, Oleum Salvia rosmarinus, Oleum Origanum vulgare, Oleum Satureja spec., and / or Oleum Monarda didyma in the composition according to the invention.

[0025] Dipropyl trisulfide occurs, for example, in Oleum Azadirachta indica and in Oleum Allium fistulosum, so that a corresponding presence of dipropyl trisulfide can also be ensured by adding Oleum Azadirachta indica and / or Oleum Allium fistulosum in a sufficiently high concentration in the composition according to the invention.

[0026] Dipropyl disulfide occurs, for example, in Oleum Allium schoenoprasum, so that the presence of dipropyl disulfide in the composition according to the invention can also be ensured by the presence of Oleum Allium schoenoprasum.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment, the alcohol of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and / or borneol.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; (iv) β-D-glucan, and (v) Vitamin D3.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment, vitamin D3 is present as cholecalciferol.

[0030] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; (iv) β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3; (vi) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (vii) dipropyl trisulfide, and (viii) Dipropyl disulfide.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, Oleum Thymus vulgaris, Oleum origanum majorana, Oleum foeniculum vulgare, Oleum Rosmarinus officinalis, and Oleum eucalyptii; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, an extract of Ferula assa-foetida, an extract of Zingiber officinale, an extract of Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., an extract of Curcuma longa, an extract of Rosmarinus officinalis, an extract of Melissa officinalis, an extract of Carica papaya, and an extract of Ananas sativus; (iv) β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3; (vi) α-terpineol; (vii) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (viii) dipropyl trisulfide; (ix) dipropyl disulfide; (x) An extract of green tea; (xi) Camphora; (xii) 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and (xiii) Borneol.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the ingredients (i) to (xiii) and / or at least one of the additives (a) to (g) is present in a form extracted from an oil and / or from a plant.

[0033] Essential oils are known for their beneficial effects, such as stimulating digestive secretions, as well as for exhibiting antimicrobial, coccidiostatic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Plant extracts are also known for their beneficial effects on the human and animal organism. The present invention utilizes both the beneficial effects of essential oils and the beneficial effects of plant extracts.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) At least one essential oil selected from Mentha piperita oil, Pimpinella anisum oil, Syzygium aromaticum oil, Thyme oil (for example Thymus vulgaris oil, Thymus citriodora oil, Thymbra capitata oil, Thymus pulegioides oil, and / or Thymus serpyllum oil), origanum majorana oil, foeniculum vulgare oil, Salvia rosmarinus oil, Rosmarinus officinalis oil, eucalyptus oil, soja oil, Elettaria cardamomum oil, Juniperus oil, Myristica fragrans oil, Citrus aurantium oil, Origanum vulgare oil, Satureja spec., Oleum Monarda didyma, Oleum Azadirachta indica, Oleum Allium fistulosum, and Oleum Allium schoenoprasum; wherein the essential oil or oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition;. (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) At least one additional extract from a plant selected from an extract of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Alpinia officinarum, Potentilla erecta, Quercus robur, Hypericum perforatum, Juglandis, Hamamelidis, Ferula assa-foetida, Zingiber Officinale, Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Curcuma longa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Carica papaya, and Ananas sativus; wherein the additional plant extracts have a total concentration of from 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably from 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 17.85% by weight of the composition; (iv) At least one polysaccharide, for example β-D-glucan, in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 50.00% by weight of the composition, and (v) Vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition.

[0035] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, the composition comprising: (i) At least one essential oil selected from Mentha piperita oil, Pimpinella anisum oil, Syzygium aromaticum oil, Thyme oil (for example Thymus vulgaris oil, Thymus citriodora oil, Thymbra capitata oil, Thymus pulegioides oil, and / or Thymus serpyllum oil), origanum majorana oil, foeniculum vulgare oil, Salvia rosmarinus oil, Rosmarinus officinalis oil, eucalyptus oil, soja oil, Elettaria cardamomum oil, Juniperus oil, Myristica fragrans oil, Citrus aurantium oil, Origanum vulgare oil, Satureja spec., Oleum Monarda didyma, Oleum Azadirachta indica, Oleum Allium fistulosum, and Oleum Allium schoenoprasum; wherein the essential oil or oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition;. (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) At least one additional extract from a plant selected from an extract of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Alpinia officinarum, Potentilla erecta, Quercus robur, Hypericum perforatum, Juglandis, Hamamelidis, Ferula assa-foetida, Zingiber Officinale, Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Curcuma longa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Carica papaya, and Ananas sativus; wherein the additional plant extracts have a total concentration of from 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably from 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 17.85% by weight of the composition; (iv) At least one polysaccharide, for example β-D-glucan, in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 50.00% by weight of the composition; (v) vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition, and (vi) At least one alcohol, for example 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and / or borneol, in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; wherein the essential oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; wherein the additional plant extracts have a total concentration of 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 17.85% by weight of the composition; (iv) β-D-glucan in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 50.00% by weight of the composition, and (v) Vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition.

[0037] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, the composition comprising: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; wherein the essential oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; wherein the additional plant extracts have a total concentration of 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 17.85% by weight of the composition; (iv) β-D-glucan in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 50.00% by weight of the composition; (v) vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition; (vi) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol in a concentration of from 0.05 to 0.40% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.06 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.065 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.07% by weight of the composition; (vii) dipropyl trisulfide in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.01% by weight of the composition, and (viii) dipropyl disulfide in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, Oleum Thymus vulgaris, Oleum origanum majorana, Oleum foeniculum vulgare, Oleum Rosmarinus officinalis, and Oleum eucalyptii; wherein the essential oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, an extract of Ferula assa-foetida, an extract of Zingiber officinale, an extract of Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., an extract of Curcuma longa, an extract of Rosmarinus officinalis, an extract of Melissa officinalis, an extract of Carica papaya, and an extract of Ananas sativus; wherein the additional extracts from plants have a total concentration of from 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably from 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 17.85% by weight of the composition;. (iv) β-D-glucan in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 50.00% by weight of the composition; (v) vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition; (vi) α-terpineol in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0012 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.0015 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.002% by weight of the composition; (vii) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol in a concentration of from 0.05 to 0.40% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.06 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.065 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.07% by weight of the composition; (viii) dipropyl trisulfide in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.01% by weight of the composition; (ix) dipropyl disulfide in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition; (x) A green tea extract in a concentration of from 0.03 to 0.30% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.15% by weight of the composition; (xi) camphor in a concentration of from 0.010 to 0.500% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0110 to 0.300% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.0112 to 0.200% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0115% by weight of the composition; (xii) 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.15% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.01% by weight of the composition, and (xiii) borneol in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally comprises DL-alpha-tocopherol, wherein DL-alpha-tocopherol is present in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.2% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 0.004% by weight of the composition.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally comprises the release agent E551.

[0041] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the composition is characterized in that the composition further contains an excipient and / or adjuvant suitable for external application of the composition.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally comprises SiO2 (synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide; E number: E551) as a release agent and / or as an auxiliary agent, for example, as a flow aid. Since SiO2 has strong binding properties, SiO2 is used to improve the flowability of a mixture.

[0043] In another embodiment, the weight percent of SiO2 is about 2 weight percent of the composition.

[0044] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra and / or the additional extracts from plants are dry extracts.

[0045] A further embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra and / or the additional extracts from plants are present in a drug-to-extract ratio (DEV) of 1:1, 5:1, or 1:10.

[0046] The following embodiments are examples: Product A contains 60 mg of a dry extract (DEV 5:1), so for example in one capsule with 60 mg × 5 = 300 mg. Product B contains 200 mg of a dry extract (DEV 2:1), so that in one capsule, for example, 200 mg × 2 = 400 mg are present. Product C contains 160 mg of a dry extract (DEV 3:1), so that in one capsule, for example, 150 mg × 3 = 450 mg are present.

[0047] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, in addition to the extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra and the additional extracts from plants, powdered plant material (for example from caraway, fennel, and / or galangal root) is additionally added.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the additionally powdered plant material (e.g., from caraway, fennel, and / or galangal root) enhances the effect of essential oils and / or the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and / or the additional plant extracts, optionally wherein the enhancement is due to synergies between the powdered plant material and the essential oils and / or the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and / or the additional plant extracts. Thus, the additionally powdered plant material (e.g., from caraway, fennel, and / or galangal root) serves as a kind of booster in the composition.

[0049] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein water-soluble ingredients of the composition (such as bitter substances, saponins, and / or mucilage) are present in the tincture, and / or tannins are dissolved in alcohol.

[0050] A further preferred embodiment relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the composition is characterized in that the composition is a dietary supplement.

[0051] The above object is achieved in a second aspect by providing a tablet, a capsule or a juice for oral administration, wherein the tablet, the capsule or the juice comprises a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0052] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, the above object is achieved in a further aspect by providing the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the use is for providing a balanced protein supply in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for improving the utilization of amino acids in a cell and / or in an organism, wherein the amino acids are preferably selected from the group consisting of Ala, Arg, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Tyr and Val.

[0053] Amino acids are known to play an important role in many bodily processes. For example, alanine (Ala) is essential for healthy blood vessels. Arginine (Arg) can lower blood sugar levels and play a role in erectile dysfunction and osteoarthritis. Aspartic acid (Asp) is a neurotransmitter and is also known for its antioxidant effects and "detoxification" function within the urea cycle. Cysteine ​​(Cys) is important for healthy connective tissue, healthy skin, and healthy hair. Cysteine ​​is also the basis for turin and glutathione. In addition, cysteine ​​reduces cell damage, prevents aging processes, and is important in inflammatory reactions. Glutamic acid (Glu) is known to regulate blood sugar levels and is important for energy production in the body.Glycine (Gly), together with glutamine and cysteine, forms the protein glutathione (see the information on the amino acid cysteine) and is important for the strengthening of tissue (skin and cartilage). Histidine (His) is involved in oxygen transport and the formation of hemoglobin. Histidine is also a precursor for histamine. Isoleucine (Ile) is important for energy balance and muscle building. Leucine (Leu) is important for energy balance, muscle building, and produces carnitine. Lysine (Lys) is important for calcium absorption and, together with methionine, is necessary for the production of L-carnitine, with L-carnitine having a positive effect on fat burning. Methionine (Met) is essential for the production of L-carnitine (see information on lysine), adrenaline, and coatin (an energy source for the muscles). Methionine can also impair the function of histamine and is therefore important for the treatment of allergies.Phenylalanine (Phe) is a precursor for many hormones and neurotransmitters and is necessary for the synthesis of tyrosine. Proline (Pro) can reduce collagen degradation. Serine (Ser) is a component of the cell membrane and a precursor of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter crucial for muscle contraction. Tyrosine (Tyr) is a neurotransmitter and precursor for the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline (stress hormones), as well as thyroxine (thyroid hormone), which consists of tyrosine subunits. Valine (Val) combines with leucine and isoleucine to form somatotropin, which is important for energy production and insulin secretion.

[0054] The problem to be solved here is to provide the aging organism with more nutrients, since digestive performance declines with increasing age in humans and / or animals. The inventors were able to demonstrate that a composition according to the invention can intervene in the digestive processes in humans and animals, and that by administering a composition according to the invention and / or a capsule or juice containing the composition according to the invention, more nutrients can be made available to the aging organism.

[0055] It has also been discovered that a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, capsule, or juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, stimulates the organism to compensate for deficiencies in protein supply. A composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, capsule, or juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, thus has the advantage of providing a balanced and / or improved protein supply in a cell and / or organism.

[0056] A further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, relates to the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for increasing the build-up of muscle mass in an organism, for stimulating the metabolic performance of an organism, for positively influencing inflammatory processes in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for positively influencing the aging process of a cell and / or an organism.

[0057] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, the above object is achieved in a further aspect by providing the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, as an anti-aging agent.

[0058] A further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for influencing transcription factors, wherein the influence is an activation and / or an enhancement (for example in the case of Nrf2) or a deactivation and / or inhibition (for example in the case of NF-κB).

[0059] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for use as a medicament.

[0060] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, for use in a method for preventing or treating age-related conditions and / or diseases, such as degenerative phenomena, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, sarcopenia, morbidity, and / or mortality.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the use comprises administering the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention, to a subject, preferably wherein the age-related condition and / or disease is Alzheimer's disease, more preferably wherein the use comprises co-administration of an anti-Alzheimer's drug, such as lecanemab, aducanumab, gantenerumab, lecanemab and / or donanemab.

[0062] A further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, relates to a process for producing a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to the second aspect of the present invention.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the essential oils are produced by steam distillation.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and / or the additional plant extract are produced by maceration and / or percolation. Such processes (such as steam distillation, maceration, and percolation) are familiar to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art are aware that water-soluble ingredients (such as bitter substances, saponins, and / or mucilage) are usually found in the tincture. Furthermore, those skilled in the art are aware that tannins are usually dissolved in alcohol.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, Carum carvi is obtained from caraway seeds.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment, Foeniculum vulgare is obtained from fennel seeds.

[0067] Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

[0068] The terms "the [present] invention," "according to the invention," "in accordance with the invention," and the like, as used herein, are intended to refer to all aspects and embodiments of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0069] The term "comprising," as used herein, is to be construed to include both "including" and "consisting of," both meanings being specifically intended, and therefore, individual embodiments are disclosed in accordance with the present invention. The term "and / or," as used herein, is to be understood as a specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components, with or without the other. For example, "A and / or B" is to be understood as a specific disclosure of each of (i) A, (ii) B, and (iii) A and B, as if each of (i) through (iii) were individually recited herein.

[0070] For the purposes of this invention, terms such as "approximately" and / or "about" indicate a range of accuracy that is understandable to a person skilled in the art, yet still ensures the technical effect of the feature in question. Terms such as "approximately" and / or "about" typically indicate a deviation from the stated numerical value of ±20%, ±15%, ±10%, and, for example, ±5%. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, the specific deviation of a numerical value for a particular technical effect depends on the nature of the technical effect. For example, a natural or biological-technical effect may generally exhibit a greater deviation than a man-made technical effect.

[0071] Whenever an indefinite or definite article is used in this application when referring to a singular noun, such as “a”, “an” or “the”, this shall include the plural of that noun unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0072] It is understood that it is within the scope of the present invention and within the abilities of one of ordinary skill in the art to apply the teachings of the present invention to a particular problem or environment and to incorporate variations of the present invention or additional features thereof (such as further aspects and embodiments).

[0073] Unless the context requires otherwise, the descriptions and definitions of the features set forth above are not limited to any particular aspect or embodiment of the invention and apply equally to all described aspects and embodiments.

[0074] All references, patents and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0075] In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

[0076] Fig.Figure 1 shows the improved availability of amino acids from the same diet after administration of a composition and / or a capsule comprising a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention. The increase in the availability of the amino acids alanine (Ala), arginine (Arg), aspartic acid (Asp), cysteine ​​(Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), histidine (His), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), tyrosine (Tyr), and valine (Val) is shown after administration of a composition and / or a capsule comprising a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0077] Fig.Figure 2 shows the anti-inflammatory potential of a composition according to the invention in Caco-2 intestinal cells. To investigate the effect of a composition according to the invention on the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, the mRNA levels of the following selected Nrf2 target genes were determined: IL-8 = interleukin-8 (a messenger substance belonging to the cytokines); ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (present in the membranes of leukocytes); MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (directly or indirectly responsible for numerous diseases). EXAMPLES

[0078] Certain aspects and embodiments of the invention will now be illustrated by way of example and with reference to the description, figures, and tables set forth herein. Such examples of the methods, uses, and other aspects of the present invention are merely representative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to such representative examples only. Example 1: Investigations into the effects of a composition according to the invention on ileal nutrient digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets / pigs

[0079] To investigate the effects of a composition according to the invention on ileal nutrient digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, four trials were conducted over a period of 6 weeks using a composition according to the invention. Weaned (25 ± 1 d old) castrated male and female piglets were used as test animals, ensuring that the treatment groups were balanced in terms of body weight, litter origin, and sex. Growth performance and ileal digestibility were investigated under research station conditions (Trials 1 to III) and growth performance under commercial farm conditions (Trial IV). The purpose of Trial IV was to extrapolate the validity of the results obtained under research station conditions to farm conditions.Trials III and IV were conducted simultaneously using the same feed batch and piglets from the same farm. The number of animals and replicates of all trials are listed in Table 1. Table 1: control Treatment with the composition according to the invention Experiment I Number of pigs 14 14 Number of piglets 7 7 Experiment II Number of pigs 18 18 Number of piglets 9 9 Experiment III Number of pigs 18 18 Number of piglets 9 9 Experiment IV (agricultural conditions) Number of pigs 50 50 Number of piglets 10 10

[0080] For the experiments conducted under research station conditions, the pigs were housed in shallow pens with two pigs per pen. For the experiment under simulated farm conditions (Experiment IV), the pigs were housed in floor pens (five piglets per pen) with straw as bedding. The mean initial body weights of the animals were 4.54, 4.87, 6.97, and 6.64 kg, respectively (Experiments I to IV). In all experiments, feed was offered ad libitum in automatic feeders. The feeders were refilled with pre-weighed amounts as needed. The feeders were designed to allow the collection of any unfinished feed around the feeders. Feed wastage was collected daily, and feed intake was calculated weekly based on cumulative feed wastage and the amount of feed lost from the feeders.Drinking water was provided continuously via drinking bowls. The experimental animals were exposed to light for 16 hours, followed by 8 hours in darkness. Room temperature and relative humidity were recorded during the 6-week period and ranged from 22.5°C to 25.9°C and 45.8% to 78.9%, respectively.

[0081] The tested composition according to the invention comprised 27.8 g of anise oil (Pimpinella anisum), 12.5 g of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum), and 46.0 g of peppermint oil (Oleum Mentha piperita), each per kg of the composition according to the invention. The tested composition according to the invention also comprised an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a polysaccharide, vitamin D3, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Melissa officinalis, an extract of Quercus robur, and an extract of Thymus vulgaris.

[0082] The composition according to the invention was added in powder form at a dose of 300 mg / kg to the feed, with the piglets / pigs being fed a starter feed for the first two weeks after weaning and a growth feed thereafter. All feeds were formulated according to the recommendations of the GfE (2006). The basic feed was either used as a control or supplemented with the composition according to the invention. For all trials, the basic feed was mixed in one batch and then divided into three equal parts for the control feed without additives and the test feeds with an addition of 300 mg of the composition according to the invention / kg feed. The feeds were pelleted at a temperature of 50°C in the conditioner, which corresponded to a pelleting temperature of approximately 58°C in the die (3 mm). A representative feed sample was taken from each feed for analysis of the active ingredients to confirm the added amounts.

[0083] Throughout the entire 6-week trial period, the pigs' body weight coefficient, feed intake, and feed waste were determined weekly. All animals were examined daily for health status (visual inspection and fecal consistency). Fecal consistency was scored subjectively as follows: 1 = normal, 2 = pasty, 3 = watery, and 4 = watery with color changes. In trials II and III, 5 piglets from each treatment were selected at the end of the feeding period to measure apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. These pigs remained in the pens, and chromium oxide (5 g / kg) was added to the feed as an indicator for digestibility measurement 10 days before euthanasia.Piglets were anesthetized [Ursotamine, 20 mg / kg (Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg, Germany) and Stresnil, 2 mg / kg (Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Neuss, Germany)] and then euthanized immediately before sampling (T-61, 80 µL / kg; Intervet, Unterschleißheim, Germany). Samples were collected from the terminal ileum (segment between the middle part of the plica ileocecalis and 2 cm anterior to the ileal ostium), frozen, and freeze-dried for analysis.

[0084] All feeds were analyzed by proximate analysis, including starch, total sugars, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium, according to the Weende method using methods known to those skilled in the art (Naumann and Basler, 1997). Amino acids in the feed and digesta were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography (Biochrom 20 Plus, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Cambridge, UK) after acid hydrolysis (6 N HCl) without oxidation or with oxidation methods for quantitative analysis of sulfur-containing amino acids. Chromium oxide in feed and ileum samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS vario 6, Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany) according to Fenton and Fenton (1979) after wet combustion of the samples.

[0085] To confirm the supplementation rate, the inventive composition in the products and pelleted feed samples was analyzed as trans-anethole (anise oil), eugenol (clove oil), and menthol (peppermint oil) in the laboratory of the Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH (Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany). The extraction procedure was adapted to ISO method 6571-1984. Feed samples (30 g) were distilled in pentane for 3 hours in a Likens-Nickerson apparatus. After evaporation of the solvent, an internal standard was added, and the extract was quantitatively dissolved in isooctane. For quantitative analysis of the inventive composition in the feed additives and feed sample extracts, the components were separated by gas chromatography (HP 5890 II / MSD, Hewlett Packard GmbH, Böblingen, Germany) using a DB Wax 60 m, 0.25 mm column and helium as the carrier gas.Quantification was performed by external calibration with the respective main components. Based on the analysis of eugenol, trans-anethole, and menthol in the inventive composition and the pelleted feed, the average recovery rates for these essential oils in the feed were 37.2%, 47.9%, and 56.0%, respectively. The recovery rates of the analyzed indicator substances in the ingested feed after pelleting were 4.00 mg / kg, 1.39 mg / kg, and 7.73 mg / kg feed for trans-anethole, eugenol, and menthol, respectively, during the treatment.

[0086] Statistical analysis: After checking for normal distribution and homogeneity of variances, the collected data were analyzed separately for each trial using one-way ANOVA procedures (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), which are suitable for a completely randomized design, using Tukey's test. Furthermore, all data were combined and analyzed as a single ANOVA with treatment and trial (block) as sources of variation. The significance level for all analyses was set at P ≤ 0.05.

[0087] All trials were conducted without technical malfunctions, and no veterinary intervention was required. The overall mortality rate was 3% and was unrelated to the treatments. In all trials, the piglets' fecal matter was unaffected by the feed treatments.

[0088] With reference to the Fig.Figure 1 shows the improved availability of amino acids from the same diet after administration of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention. The present results confirm the principle of improved protein utilization demonstrated in other experiments. In experiments II and III, the ileal digestibility of most amino acids was increased in the treated piglets compared to the control group (P < 0.05) ( Fig. 1). Table 2: control Treatment with the composition according to the invention SEM p-value crude protein 66.7 73.2 5.6 0.048 Raw fat 70.1 75.5 8.8 0.256 Crude oil 30.8 37.1 6.0 0.853 Strength 92.1 93.4 2.7 0.703 Ca 58.5 61.9 6.7 0.738 P 41.6 49.8 9.7 0.173 N / a 65.3 72.8 13.9 0.185

[0089] The combined evaluation of the data from trials II and III showed that the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein was increased by 6.5% (p = 0.048) and that of amino acids by 5 to 12% by the addition of the composition according to the invention (see Fig.1). Administration of a composition according to the invention thus resulted in improved ileal protein (P < 0.05) and amino acid digestibility (P < 0.05 for all amino acids except Met). Example 2: Investigations into the effects of a composition according to the invention and / or a capsule according to the invention on protein utilization and the development of muscle mass in humans

[0090] Designed as a long-term study, a group of subjects aged 65 to 78 years was formed, consisting of a negative group (19 individuals, 10 female, 9 male) and a positive control group (21 individuals, 14 female, 7 male). They were observed over a period of three years. In addition to the subjects' age, height, and gender, weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat, BMI, muscle mass, bone mass, body water, and phase angle were regularly recorded. The subjects were of the aforementioned age to represent the target group.

[0091] The use of phase angle and other raw values ​​from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained increasing importance as an alternative to calculating body composition in recent years. N. Stobäus, K. Norman, and M. Pirlich from the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin provide an overview of the clinical applicability and significance of phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA).

[0092] Bioelectrical impedance analysis has been used to measure body compartments for over 25 years because it is a simple, non-invasive method. Muscle mass decreases with age. Body water content also decreases with age. Another determinant is BMI. The higher the BMI, the more cells (fat and muscle cells) are present, which is reflected in a higher phase angle. The phase angle describes the relationship between body cell mass and extracellular mass. This relationship, in turn, is one of the most sensitive indicators of malnutrition. Table 3: male subjects Date Weight Phase w. BMI Water muscle Sarcopium. 06.02.20 88,90 5,6 27,8 46,1 61,6 8,60 10.02.23 91,30 6,0 28,2 47,7 63,5 8,98 2,6% 7,1% 1,4% 3,5% 3,1% 4,4% female subjects Date Weight Phase w. BMI Water muscle Sarcopium. 06.02.20 74,0 5,6 28,9 33,4 47,5 7,62 10.02.23 76,2 5,7 29,8 34,7 49,2 7,85 3,0% 1,8% 3,1% 2,0% 3,6% 3,2%

[0093] Referring to Table 3, which shows the analysis of the data recorded over the three years of the study, it is clear that the administration of a composition according to the invention in the form of a capsule (300 mg) per day in a prescribed intake regimen not only has stabilizing effects, but even leads to a trend toward an increase in muscle mass (approximately 3%). An improvement in the phase angle (approximately 7%) was observed in the male subjects. This improvement was significantly less pronounced in the female subjects. In both groups, muscle mass increased (approximately 3%), which correlates with an improvement in the sarcopenia index of approximately 4% (male subjects) and 3% (female subjects). In the "negative control" group, the aforementioned improvements were not observed; on the contrary, a trend toward a deterioration was observed.

[0094] The requirement for this long-term study was that the subjects in all groups maintain their previous lifestyle habits. This means that no dietary changes were made and no exercise programs were agreed upon. It should also be noted that none of the subjects actively participated in sports before or during the study.

[0095] In addition to the factors "muscle mass, body water, fat, phase angle," etc., subjective changes such as well-being or other health-related observations were also recorded as "soft factors." The aim here was to determine whether the product's influence on the organism, as suggested by previous cell biology studies, could be confirmed.

[0096] Factors that influence the aging process are also known (such as the transcription factors Nrf2 or NF-ĸB).

[0097] In this long-term study, no continuous use was undertaken to exclude habituation effects. In the long-term study described here, the subjects alternated between taking and not taking the product on a monthly basis. The recommended dose (approximately 300 mg / day = 1 capsule in the morning before meals) is for people aged 65 and over.

[0098] The present results confirm the principle of improved protein utilization demonstrated in other studies. This is also confirmed by the proportion of muscle mass that was not lost due to age, but actually gained. Example 3: Investigation of the anti-inflammatory potential of a composition according to the invention

[0099] The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of a composition according to the invention using Caco-2 intestinal cells. To investigate the effect of a composition according to the invention on the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, the mRNA levels of selected Nrf2 target genes were determined (see Fig. 2).

[0100] Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway leads to the induction of genes responsible for cellular defense against reactive oxygen species and the detoxification of xenobiotics. The Nrf2 signaling pathway is also involved in, among other things, the regulation of cellular redox potential, the regulation of autophagy, stem cell differentiation, the regulation of daily rhythms, and influences cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis.

[0101] Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-κB is considered a major regulator of inflammation, as its activation causes upregulation of several genes that mediate an inflammatory response (these influence, among other things, cell viability and proliferation). Interestingly, dysregulation of NF-κB is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory diseases. NF-κB is activated by a variety of stimuli, such as cytokines, viral and bacterial infections, and stress.

[0102] TNFα is crucial for cell activation, cell differentiation, cytokine production and inhibition of cell death.

[0103] Fig.Figure 2 shows the anti-inflammatory potential of a composition according to the invention ("phytogenic") in Caco-2 intestinal cells, whereby the mRNA levels of the following Nrf2 target genes were determined: IL-8 = interleukin-8 (a messenger substance belonging to the cytokines); ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (present in the membranes of leukocytes); MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (directly or indirectly responsible for numerous diseases). Fig. Figure 2 shows that a composition according to the invention (“phytogenic”) inhibits the expression of the NF-kB target genes IL-8, ICAM-1 and MCO-1 in Caco-2 intestinal cells.

[0104] The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims may be important both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited non-patent literature

[0000] AAS vario 6, Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany) according to Fenton and Fenton (1979

[0084] N. Stobäus, K. Norman, M. Pirlich from the Medical Clinic (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology

[0091]

Claims

[1] Composition, including: (i) At least one essential oil selected from Mentha piperita oil, Pimpinella anisum oil, Syzygium aromaticum oil, Thyme oil (for example, Thymus vulgaris oil, Thymus citriodora oil, Thymbra capitata oil, Thymus pulegioides oil, and / or Thymus serpyllum oil), origanum majorana oil, foeniculum vulgare oil, Salvia rosmarinus oil, Rosmarinus officinalis oil, eucalyptus oil, sojae oil, Elettaria cardamomum oil, Juniperus oil, Myristica fragrans oil, Citrus aurantium oil, Origanum vulgare oil, Satureja spec. oil, Monarda didyma oil, Azadirachta indica oil, Allium fistulosum oil, and Allium schoenoprasum oil; (ii) Ein Extrakt aus Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) At least one additional extract from a plant selected from an extract of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Alpinia officinarum, Potentilla erecta, Quercus robur, Hypericum perforatum, Juglandis, Hamamelidis, Ferula assa-foetida, Zingiber Officinale, Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Curcuma longa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Carica papaya, and Ananas sativus; (iv) At least one polysaccharide, for example β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3, and (vi) Optionally, an alcohol. [2] A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition additionally comprises one or more of the following components: (a) α-terpineol; (b) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (c) dipropyl trisulfide; (d) dipropyl disulfide; (e) An extract of green tea; (f) Camphora, and / or (g) DL-alpha-tocopherol. [3] A composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alcohol is 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and / or borneol. [4] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; (iv) β-D-glucan, and (v) Vitamin D3. [5] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, and Oleum Thymus vulgaris; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, and an extract of Ferula assa-foetida; (iv) β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3; (vi) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (vii) dipropyl trisulfide, and (viii) Dipropyl disulfide. [6] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, Oleum Thymus vulgaris, Oleum origanum majorana, Oleum foeniculum vulgare, Oleum Rosmarinus officinalis, and Oleum eucalyptii; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, an extract of Ferula assa-foetida, an extract of Zingiber officinale, an extract of Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., an extract of Curcuma longa, an extract of Rosmarinus officinalis, an extract of Melissa officinalis, an extract of Carica papaya, and an extract of Ananas sativus; (iv) β-D-glucan; (v) Vitamin D3; (vi) α-terpineol; (vii) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol; (viii) dipropyl trisulfide; (ix) dipropyl disulfide; (x) An extract of green tea; (xi) Camphora; (xii) 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and (xiii) Borneol. [7] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: (i) The following essential oils: Oleum Mentha piperita, Oleum Pimpinella anisum, Oleum Syzygium aromaticum, Oleum Thymus vulgaris, Oleum origanum majorana, Oleum foeniculum vulgare, Oleum Rosmarinus officinalis, and Oleum eucalyptii; wherein the essential oils have a total concentration of from 0.30 to 6.70% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.00 to 6.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.50 to 4.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.90% by weight of the composition; (ii) An extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a concentration of from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 20.0 to 30.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 27.7% by weight of the composition; (iii) The following additional plant extracts: an extract of Carum carvi, an extract of Foeniculum vulgare, an extract of Alpinia officinarum, an extract of Potentilla erecta, an extract of Quercus robur, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, an extract of Juglandis, an extract of Hamamelidis, an extract of Ferula assa-foetida, an extract of Zingiber officinale, an extract of Canara scolymus L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., an extract of Curcuma longa, an extract of Rosmarinus officinalis, an extract of Melissa officinalis, an extract of Carica papaya, and an extract of Ananas sativus; wherein the additional extracts from plants have a total concentration of from 4.00 to 42.66% by weight of the composition, preferably from 10.00 to 30.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 15.00 to 20.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 17.85% by weight of the composition;. (iv) β-D-glucan in a concentration of from 40.00 to 70.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 45.00 to 60.00% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 48.00 to 52.00% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 50.00% by weight of the composition; (v) vitamin D3 in a concentration of from 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.80 to 1.80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 1.00 to 1.60% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 1.40% by weight of the composition; (vi) α-terpineol in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0012 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.0015 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.002% by weight of the composition; (vii) 2-(1-methylethyl)-5-methylphenol in a concentration of from 0.05 to 0.40% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.06 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.065 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.07% by weight of the composition; (viii) dipropyl trisulfide in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.01% by weight of the composition; (ix) dipropyl disulfide in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition; (x) A green tea extract in a concentration of from 0.03 to 0.30% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.15% by weight of the composition; (xi) camphor in a concentration of from 0.010 to 0.500% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0110 to 0.300% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.0112 to 0.200% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0115% by weight of the composition; (xii) 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.002 to 0.15% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.10% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.01% by weight of the composition, and (xiii) borneol in a concentration of from 0.00001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.00002 to 0.005% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.00005 to 0.001% by weight of the composition, most preferably about 0.0001% by weight of the composition. [8] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the composition also contains an excipient and / or adjuvant suitable for external application of the composition. [9] Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized bythat the composition is a dietary supplement. [10] A tablet, capsule or juice for oral administration comprising a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9. [11] Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, for providing a balanced protein supply in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for improving the utilization of amino acids in a cell and / or in an organism, wherein the amino acids are preferably selected from the group consisting of Ala, Arg, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Tyr and Val. [12] Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or of a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, for increasing the build-up of muscle mass in an organism, for stimulating the metabolic performance of an organism, for positively influencing inflammatory processes in a cell and / or in an organism, and / or for positively influencing the aging process of a cell and / or an organism. [13] Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or of a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, as an anti-aging agent. [14] A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a tablet, capsule or juice according to claim 10, for use as a medicament. [15] A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, for use in a method for preventing or treating age-related conditions and / or diseases, such as degenerative phenomena, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, sarcopenia, morbidity, and / or mortality. [16] A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, for use according to claim 15, wherein the use comprises administering the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a tablet, a capsule or a juice according to claim 10, to a subject, preferably wherein the age-related condition and / or disease is Alzheimer's disease, more preferably wherein the use comprises co-administration of an anti-Alzheimer's drug, such as lecanemab, aducanumab, gantenerumab, lecanemab, and / or donanemab.

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