Wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an actuating device, wherein the blade is mounted on a pendulum axis to execute a pendulum movement

Abstract

Wind turbine (01) comprising at least one blade (20) and at least one actuating device (30), wherein the wing (20) is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis (27) to perform a pendulum movement in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the wing (20) is symmetrically designed to generate lift, and wherein the angle of attack (28) of the wing (20) can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device (30), wherein a wind at an angle of attack (28) other than 0° experiences a deflection to one side, whereby a force opposing the deflection causes a deflection of the wing (20) to the other side, wherein a pendulum motion is limited to a plane perpendicular to the pendulum axis (27), wherein the actuating device (30) comprises at least one servomotor (31) and wherein the wing (20) comprises a winglet (25), characterized in that the wing (20) is designed in multiple parts, with a main wing (22) having a symmetrical profile (21) and with at least one lift aid having a symmetrical profile (21), wherein the angle of attack (28) of the lift aid and the angle of attack (28) of the main wing (22) are adjustable by means of the adjusting device (30) and that at least one lift aid is arranged on the leading edge and / or the trailing edge of the main wing.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an actuating device, wherein the blade is mounted on a pendulum axis to perform a pendulum movement.

[0002] In the prior art, systems are known that generate electrical and / or mechanical energy driven by the wind. The most widespread are wind turbines, in which a rotating nacelle is mounted at a height of up to 150 m, and to which three blades are typically attached. The blades have a lift-generating profile, which the wind sets in motion. The blades rotate on an axle that drives a generator. The rotational speed is 0.3 to 2 revolutions per second. Due to the large blade length, blade tip speeds of up to several hundred kilometers per hour are achieved. On the one hand, such high speeds, which are necessary for the most efficient and thus economical yield, pose a considerable danger to animals, especially bats, birds, and insects; on the other hand, they represent a significant noise pollution.Furthermore, due to their size, especially when erected in large numbers, as in wind farms, they are perceived as disruptive. Therefore, their use in certain areas, such as residential areas, nature reserves, and / or protected landscapes, is prohibited by law.

[0003] An alternative to these conventional wind turbines are reciprocating wind turbines, in which a blade swings around a horizontal pendulum axis. These generally move more slowly. Furthermore, pendulum movements are perceived as less disturbing by humans and animals. An example of a reciprocating wind turbine is disclosed in DE 10 2017 120 011 B3, in which the blade, mounted on a horizontal pendulum axis, has a double-sided, lift-generating airfoil to excite the pendulum motion. The side towards which lift is generated depends on the blade's position relative to the wind direction. To generate a continuous pendulum motion, it is therefore necessary to rotate the blade at or near the reversal point such that the angle of attack is turned out of the wind and then back into the wind in the opposite direction. The solution proposed in DE 10 2017 120 011 B3 involves the arrangement of a linkage at the base of the mast.A disadvantage of this linkage is that the blade's angle of attack is fixed by its position and pendulum direction and cannot be adjusted to other parameters, such as wind speed. Furthermore, the blade can become jammed in the linkage, causing it to lock. However, the optimal angle of attack depends, among other things, on the wind speed, meaning that the wind turbine's efficiency is only optimal in exceptional circumstances.

[0004] German patent DE 10 2017 120 011 B3 discloses a wind turbine in which the blade has an aerodynamically lift-generating profile on both sides. The rotation of the blade is preferably achieved by a mechanical mechanism. In this design, the blade deflects in both directions. The conversion of the pendulum motion into a rotational motion is accomplished via a connecting rod. Wind tracking is also achieved by mounting the entire device on a rotatable platform.

[0005] CN 102102630 B discloses an actuating device for the blades of a conventional three-bladed wind turbine, wherein the position of the blades is adjusted by means of a servo motor.

[0006] DE 101 50 766 A1 discloses a linear generator, which is particularly suitable for oscillating wind turbines, in which the stator consists of several coils with a magnetizable core and the rotor has a recess in the center that fits the coils.

[0007] US 2008 / 0036214 A1 discloses a wind generator based on the resistance principle, which uses a gearbox to convert the pendulum motion into a rotational motion for a generator.

[0008] DE 199 37 965 A1 discloses a fluid engine which has a connecting rod for converting a circular motion of a wing into a rotational motion.

[0009] German patent application DE 10 2014 118 656 B3 discloses a wind turbine comprising a vertically extending mast on which a wing is mounted. The wing is designed such that a wind passing along it generates a lift force that rotates the wing about an axis. When the wing reaches its lower tipping point, it is turned out of the wind by means of a linkage. Return to the upright position is achieved by means of a return element, for example, a counterweight. A generator or a machine tool is driven via a linkage. Wind tracking is achieved by mounting the entire system on a rotatably mounted platform. The blade of the wind turbine only deflects to one side.

[0010] DE 198 47 469 A1 discloses a wind turbine that is driven by rotation, with the axis of rotation being perpendicular to the wind direction.

[0011] The blade of the wind turbine consists of three segments that are aerodynamically designed and can be rotated against each other.

[0012] German patent DE 10 2014 007 917 A1 discloses a pendulum wind turbine in which different lift situations can be created by twisting individual blade sections relative to each other. Furthermore, the design provides for the pivot lever, to which the blades are attached, to be supported by a counterweight.

[0013] There is therefore a great need for a reliable and efficient wind turbine driven by the pendulum motion of a blade. The wind turbine should be easy to operate and install, and its individual components should be easily replaceable, maintainable, and / or repairable. Furthermore, it should be cost-effective to manufacture, durable, and individually adjustable. Particular attention is paid to the safety of people and animals and its aesthetic integration into the environment. The invention therefore aims to provide a wind turbine that overcomes the aforementioned difficulties and, above all, reduces maintenance and / or repair costs and the resulting downtime of the machine.

[0014] This task is solved in a surprisingly simple but effective way by a wind turbine according to the teaching of main claim 1.

[0015] According to the invention, a wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an actuating device is proposed, wherein the blade is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis to execute a pendulum motion in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the blade is symmetrically designed to generate lift, and wherein the angle of attack of the blade can be adjusted by means of the actuating device. Furthermore, it is provided that, at an angle of attack other than 0°, the wind is deflected to one side, whereby a force opposing the deflection causes the blade to deflect to the other side, wherein the pendulum motion is limited to a plane perpendicular to the pendulum axis. The actuating device further comprises at least one servo motor, and the blade comprises a winglet.The wind turbine is characterized in that the wing is designed in multiple parts, with a main wing having a symmetrical profile and with at least one lift aid having a symmetrical profile, wherein the angle of attack of the lift aid and the angle of attack of the main wing are adjustable by means of the adjusting device and that at least one lift aid is arranged on the leading edge and / or the trailing edge of the main wing.

[0016] The basic idea of ​​the invention is to be able to adjust the angle of attack of the wing independently of the wing's position. In particular, the wind speed and / or the wing position, as well as the wing speed during the pendulum motion itself, can be taken into account. In addition to the physical conditions, other factors, such as limiting the speed and / or acceleration of the wing, can also be considered. In particular, it is possible to rotate the wing into the so-called "flag position" at any time, with an angle of attack of 0°, so that no lift is generated in any direction. This position serves to protect the system from excessive accelerations and / or speeds at high wind speeds.

[0017] The wind turbine serves to convert wind energy into other mechanical or electrical energy. For this purpose, the wind turbine comprises at least one blade. The term "blade" refers to an elongated device designed to generate lift dynamically. Preferably, the wind turbine comprises at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten blades, either identical or differently designed, wherein the angles of attack of the blades can be adjusted independently or interdependently by means of the adjusting device. It is understood by a person skilled in the art that in a double-blade configuration, the blades move in opposite directions synchronously. The blade is driven by the wind, so that lift forces act upon it.This means that, due to the aerodynamic design of the wing, the wind is deflected to one side at angles of attack other than 0°, causing a force opposing this deflection to deflect the wing to the other side. Because of the wing's symmetrical design, the direction of this deflection, and thus the direction of the lift force, is determined by the wing's angle of attack relative to the wind direction. The term "angle of attack" refers to the angle formed between the plane of symmetry and the wind direction, which preferably corresponds to the orientation of the wind turbine. In other words, depending on the angle of attack relative to the wind direction, the wing is accelerated in either direction. The wing's movement is limited to a rotational motion by its mounting on a pendulum axis, which is preferably horizontally oriented.This means that the lateral lift force caused by the wind causes the wing to rotate around its preferably horizontal pendulum axis. The pendulum motion is thus limited to a plane that is preferably perpendicular to the pendulum axis. To allow acceleration in both directions of rotation, the wing is symmetrical. This symmetrical design of the wing refers to plane symmetry.

[0018] To adjust the angle of attack of the wing to generate a lateral force on the wing, the wind turbine includes an adjusting device. The adjusting device rotates the wing about an axis of attack located in the plane of symmetry. This axis is particularly preferably designed as a mast inside the wing that stabilizes it.

[0019] The angle of attack is the angle formed between the plane of symmetry and the wind direction. To generate the rotation of the wing that sets the angle of attack, the adjusting device includes at least one servomotor. Preferably, the adjusting device comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 identical or differently configured servomotors for the independent adjustment of individual wings and / or wing sections. The servomotor can adjust the angle of attack independently of its position in the pendulum motion. It is conceivable that the servomotor rotates the wing directly or indirectly, for example, via a linkage. Furthermore, it is preferred that the servomotor drives a hydraulic system and / or a gearbox. This is particularly advantageous for large and / or heavy wings.The actuating device preferably comprises an electronic control unit that adjusts the angle of attack of the wing taking into account at least one, preferably two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, ten, ten, four, five, five, six, six, eight, nine, ten, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, eight, or more, identical or different parameters. The parameter can be the wind speed, the wind direction, the rate of change of wind speed, the frequency of change of wind speed, the deflection of the wing, the acceleration of the wing, the speed of the wing, the direction of movement, and / or safety specifications.

[0020] It is further preferred that a counterweight is arranged on the wing opposite the pendulum axis, which balances the weight of the wing. Particularly preferably, the wing oscillates above the pendulum axis relative to the ground on which the wind turbine is built. The counterweight makes it possible to generate a restoring force that returns the wing to an upright position.

[0021] During operation, the wind turbine is exposed to a flow of wind. If the blade is in a starting position, for example, horizontally at an angle of attack of 0°, the actuator rotates the blade so that it sets an angle of attack other than 0°. This generates lift towards one side of the blade, causing it to rotate around its pivot axis. It is conceivable that the actuator optimizes the blade's angle of attack based on the wind speed, the blade's rotational speed, its current acceleration, and / or other parameters described elsewhere. At the latest when the blade reaches a first lateral reversal point, the actuator adjusts the angle of attack so that a lift force acts in the opposite direction.Preferably, the actuating device sets an angle of attack before the reversal point is reached, so that the lift force acts in the opposite direction, thus achieving the smoothest possible and therefore material-friendly reversal of the wing in its pendulum motion. The wing then oscillates past the starting position to the second reversal point, before or at which the actuating device again reverses the angle of attack of the wing, so that the wing is also decelerated and then moved in the first direction. This causes the wing to perform a pendulum motion around the pendulum axis. The resulting kinetic energy of the pendulum axis can be used for work, either directly or by converting it into other forms of mechanical energy or electrical energy.

[0022] It is further provided that the wing is designed in multiple sections, comprising a main wing with a symmetrical airfoil and at least one lift-enhancing element with a symmetrical airfoil, wherein the angle of attack of the lift-enhancing element and the angle of attack of the main wing are adjustable, preferably independently, by means of the adjusting device. To adjust the angle of attack, both the main wing and the lift-enhancing element are rotated about their own axis of rotation lying in their respective planes of symmetry. Particularly preferably, the main wing and the lift-enhancing element are rotatable relative to each other relative to the wind direction by means of the adjusting device. That is, the plane defined by the axes of rotation about which the lift-enhancing element and the main wing can be rotated to adjust the angle of attack is also rotatable relative to the wind direction.For this purpose, it is preferred that the lift-enhancing device and the main wing are arranged on a common base, the base being rotatable by the actuating device. Simultaneously, the main wing and the lift-enhancing device are rotatable on the base, so that the angle of attack of the main wing and the angle of attack of the lift-enhancing device remain adjustable. Preferably, the main wing and the lift-enhancing device, and optionally also the common base, are connected to the servomotor by means of a linkage, so that joint adjustability can be achieved easily and quickly using a single servomotor. Alternatively, the actuating device comprises two or more servomotors, which enable independent adjustment of the angles of attack of the main wing and the lift-enhancing device, and optionally of the common base.The wing preferably comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 lift-enhancing devices of the same or different designs.

[0023] The term "main wing" refers to a wing section relative to which other wing sections, particularly the lift-enhancing device, can be moved and / or rotated. Specifically, the main wing is a wing section located in the center. The main wing is not necessarily the largest wing section.

[0024] The term "lift aid" refers to a device that is movably mounted relative to the main wing and can influence, in particular increase, lift through relative movement and / or prevent flow separation.

[0025] Furthermore, the main wing is provided to have a leading edge and a trailing edge opposite the leading edge, and to have at least one lift-enhancing device arranged at the leading edge of the main wing, in particular as a leading-edge slat, and / or at the trailing edge of the main wing, in particular as a slotted flap. Air can flow from the underside to the upper surface of the main wing through the adjustable gap formed at the leading edge of the main wing between the lift-enhancing device and the main wing, thereby preventing flow separation at high angles of attack of the main wing and / or the lift-enhancing devices. A slotted flap arranged at the trailing edge of the main wing can also allow air to flow to the upper surface of the wing by opening a gap, thus preventing flow separation.Overall, the arrangement of lift-enhancing devices at the leading and / or trailing edges of the main wing allows for a curved airfoil shape, despite the symmetrical airfoil design, thus enabling a high lift force to act on the wing. These lift-enhancing devices, in the form of a leading-edge slat and / or a slotted flap, make it possible to set a large angle of attack even at low wind speeds without the risk of stall and subsequent loss of lift. The leading-edge slat also pre-accelerates the airflow, resulting in a smoother subsequent velocity increase at the main wing and a reduced drop in velocity at the wingtip. The slotted flap can increase the lift coefficient by up to 40%, particularly at low wind speeds.Preferably, the electronic control unit described elsewhere sets the angles of attack of the main wing and the lift-enhancing device, as well as, if applicable, the common base, taking into account at least one parameter mentioned elsewhere. This parameter may be the wind speed, the wind direction, the rate of change of wind speed, the frequency of change of wind speed, the deflection of the wing, the acceleration of the wing, the speed of the wing, the direction of movement, and / or at least one safety setting.

[0026] Furthermore, the design includes a winglet, particularly the main wing. Winglets are curved extensions of the outer wing and / or projections bent towards the airfoil plane. To maintain symmetry of the airfoil, the winglet is preferably designed in two parts, pointing in both directions. Winglets have the advantage of reducing drag and increasing lift.

[0027] The invention makes it possible to provide an easily controllable and individually adjustable, and therefore highly efficient, wind turbine. Due to the pendulum motion and the resulting low speed, despite high efficiency, the risk to humans and animals is minimized, and noise pollution is reduced to a minimum.

[0028] Advantageous further developments of the invention, which can be implemented individually or in combination, are presented in the dependent claims.

[0029] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wind turbine has a pendulum angle of at least 0.5° and at most 180°, with the blade oscillating around the pendulum axis at this angle. Preferably, the pendulum angle is at least 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, or 175°. The term "pendulum angle" refers to the angle through which the at least one blade oscillates. This pendulum angle is defined by the reversal points of the at least one blade. Within the scope of the invention, it has been recognized that a larger pendulum angle results in a higher energy yield, since the blade's braking distance is shorter relative to its total travel. However, an excessively large angle also means that the wind turbine requires more space.In particular, a pendulum angle greater than 180° means that the pendulum axis must be mounted higher, making the wind turbine larger and therefore more obtrusive. Pendulum angles between 45° and 180° have proven to be a good compromise between space requirements and efficiency. A pendulum angle of 90° is particularly preferred.

[0030] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wind turbine includes a base with a height of at least 0.25 m, preferably 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1.0 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2.0 m, 2.25 m, 2.5 m, 2.75 m, 3.0 m, 3.25 m, 3.5 m, 3.75 m, 4.0 m, 4.25 m, 4.5 m or more. The base serves to raise the blade or the pendulum axis, thereby increasing the safety of the wind turbine as well as of people and animals approaching it. This reduces the risk of collision with the wind turbine. However, the height is not so great as to create a visually disruptive appearance.

[0031] In a further development of the invention, it is conceivable that the wind turbine includes a power machine, in particular a pump. Operating power machines, especially pumps, presents problems in remote areas, particularly when these are located in a protected landscape or nature reserve. The wind turbine according to the invention is, in its design, particularly adapted to the needs of humans and nature and is therefore only minimally disruptive. This makes it possible to operate a power machine even in remote areas. This is particularly efficient when operating a pump, which can be used to pump water, such as groundwater, for surface supply.

[0032] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wind turbine includes a generator. It is also conceivable that the wind turbine drives both a power unit and a generator. This driving can occur alternately or simultaneously. If a generator is driven by the wind turbine, renewable energy can be generated in an environmentally friendly way. This energy can be fed into a public power grid, stored, and / or used directly on-site for power supply. In particular, operating an off-grid in remote areas is conceivable in combination with an energy storage system.

[0033] In one embodiment, the generator is a linear generator comprising at least one stationary rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet and at least one ring coil arranged around the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet and driven by the wing, the ring coil performing oscillating movements along the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet. In other words, the linear generator comprises at least one rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet, preferably arranged below the wing's oscillation axis relative to its horizontal position. More preferably, a ring coil is arranged on the wing at an extension that extends the wing beyond the wing's oscillation axis and is driven by the wing. The ring coil is simultaneously arranged around the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet.When the wing performs a pendulum motion, the coil also oscillates along the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet. The change in the polarity of the magnetic field induces an electric current in the ring coil. This current can be tapped and used at the ends of the coil. It is obvious that the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet must be arranged and designed such that the magnetic polarity change occurs during the pendulum motion. Furthermore, it is conceivable that several permanent magnets are arranged in series, so that the current induced in the ring coil changes direction several times during the pendulum motion. Preferably, the poles of the permanent magnets have different lengths, so that the rate of change of polarity of the permanent magnets remains constant as they pass over the ring coil. It should be noted that the ring coil, or...The blade moves at different speeds during the pendulum motion, depending on its position within the pendulum. Upon reaching the reversal point, the ring coil or blade is slowed to a standstill, allowing it to reverse direction. It is conceivable that the generated alternating voltage, as described elsewhere, is converted into a direct current using a rectifier, particularly a diode rectifier, and then adjusted to a fixed oscillation frequency using an inverter. At the midpoint of the pendulum motion, the ring coil or blade is preferably moved at its highest speed. If the pole lengths are adapted to the pendulum motion, a current with a fixed frequency is induced when the wind speed is constant.More preferably, the linear generator comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 coils or ring coils. Most preferably, the linear generator comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnets.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the ring coil is connected to the wing via a connecting ball rod, ensuring a linear pendulum motion. This reduces the risk of the ring coil jamming against the permanent magnet. Alternatively, the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet can be curved, and the coil can be rigidly connected to the wing, thus avoiding the frictional losses caused by the connecting ball rod.

[0035] Alternatively, the generator could be a rotary generator. The term "rotary generator" refers to a generator comprising a disk- or ring-shaped stator and a disk- or ring-shaped rotor. The rotor and stator are arranged such that they share a common central axis, with the rotor rotating around this central axis. The rotary generator is particularly preferably an asynchronous machine. A doubly fed asynchronous machine is particularly preferred. For this purpose, it is further conceivable that a dynamic frequency converter is interposed between the generator and the grid or power supply point. A dynamic frequency converter is fed by one form of alternating voltage, which it converts into another form of alternating voltage.In the present case, it is preferred if the input frequency and the input amplitude can be varied, while the output amplitude and output frequency are fixed; in particular, preferably the output frequency and / or the output amplitude is equal to that of the local public power grid. In order for a rotary generator to be driven by the wind turbine according to the invention, the wind turbine preferably comprises a gearbox that converts the pendulum motion into the rotary motion.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the rotary generator is driven by means of a rectifier gearbox, wherein the rectifier gearbox comprises a drive shaft driven by the blade and performing a pendulum motion, wherein a first and a second bevel gear are arranged on the drive shaft with their tooth flanks opposite each other, and wherein the first and the second bevel gear are connected to the drive shaft by means of a freewheel unit, the freewheel units rotating freely in opposite directions, and wherein a third bevel gear is arranged such that it can be driven by its tooth flanks and by the tooth flank of the first bevel gear and the tooth flank of the second bevel gear. In other words, the wind turbine comprises a drive shaft that is driven by the pendulum motion of the blade and also performs a pendulum motion.The first and second bevel gears are arranged on the drive shaft, with a freewheel unit positioned between each gear and the drive shaft. These freewheel units rotate in opposite directions, engaging and disengaging in opposite directions. This means that during the pendulum motion, one freewheel unit rotates freely in each direction, while the other engages and drives the gear. The first and second bevel gears are positioned with their tooth flanks facing each other, and the third bevel gear is arranged such that the tooth flank of both the first and second bevel gears engages with the tooth flank of the third bevel gear. The third bevel gear is thus driven by both the first and second bevel gears.Since the first and second bevel gears are arranged with their tooth flanks opposite each other on the drive shaft, this assembly would be immobile if the first and second bevel gears were rigidly connected to the drive shaft. However, this is prevented by the freewheeling units. That is, during the oscillating motion, the first and second bevel gears alternately drive the third bevel gear, while the other bevel gear rotates freely in the opposite direction to the drive shaft. The third bevel gear therefore has a fixed direction of rotation and drives the rotary generator. The rotor of the rotary generator is thus driven in a pulsating rotational motion.

[0037] The term "freewheel unit" refers to a component that only has a clutch effect in one direction of rotation.

[0038] In one embodiment, it is conceivable that the drive axis is the pendulum axis, or that the drive axis is connected to the pendulum axis via a connecting rod. In the embodiment where the drive axis and the pendulum axis are identical, a particularly simple and loss-free arrangement for energy generation results. However, this has the disadvantage that enclosing it with a housing is complex. Furthermore, the rectifier gear and elements of the wing, especially the actuating device, can obstruct each other in terms of space. Spatial separation can be easily achieved using the connecting rod.

[0039] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wind turbine includes a yaw control system, preferably comprising a control unit described elsewhere. The yaw control system allows the pendulum axis to be aligned so that the plane in which the blade oscillates is always at the smallest possible angle to the wind direction. In this way, the wind can be used optimally and efficiently. It is preferably conceivable that the wind turbine includes at least one slip ring and / or a rotary transformer as an energy transmitter. If the wind turbine drives a generator and / or electrical energy is required to power the actuator, this energy can be reliably transmitted in any position via the slip ring and / or the rotary transformer, despite the yaw control system. Moreover, the yaw control system allows the wind turbine to rotate in any direction at any time.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the wind turbine comprises a weather station, wherein at least one measurement signal from the weather station is connected as an input to a control unit, in particular a control unit for the wind tracking system and / or the control unit for the actuator described elsewhere. In this way, a parameter to be considered, as described elsewhere, can be recorded on-site and taken into account when adjusting the wind tracking system and / or the actuator. The measurement signal can be a quantified value of the wind direction, wind speed, rate of change of wind speed, and / or frequency of change of wind speed.

[0041] Further details, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the dependent claims. The respective features can be implemented individually or in combination with one another. The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The embodiments are illustrated schematically in the figures. Identical reference numerals in the individual figures denote identical or functionally equivalent elements, or elements that correspond to one another with respect to their function.

[0042] Specifically, we show: Fig. 1 an isometric representation of a first embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention; and Fig. 2 an isometric representation of a second embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention; and Fig. 3 an isometric representation of an actuating device according to the invention; and Fig. 4 schematic representations of two possible wing positions; and Fig. 5 an isometric representation of a first embodiment of a generator with gearbox according to the invention; and Fig. 6 an isometric representation of a second embodiment of a generator with gearbox according to the invention.

[0043] Fig. Figure 1 shows an isometric representation of a first embodiment of a wind turbine 01 according to the invention. Fig. Figure 1A shows an isometric view of the wind turbine 01 according to the invention and Fig. Figure 1B shows a side view of the wind turbine 01 according to the invention. The wind turbine 01 according to the invention comprises a blade 20. The blade 20 oscillates at a pendulum angle 26, wherein in this embodiment the pendulum angle 26 is approximately 90°. The blade 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum movement. The wind turbine 01 is arranged on a base 30, wherein the base 30 is approximately 0.5 m high. A winglet 25 is arranged at the end of the blade 20, which prevents turbulence at the end of the blade.

[0044] Fig. Figure 2 shows an isometric view of a second embodiment of a wind turbine 01 according to the invention. The wind turbine 01 comprises a blade 20 that oscillates at a pendulum angle 26. The pendulum angle 26 is approximately 180°. A winglet 25 is arranged at the end of the blade 20. The wind turbine 01 also includes a base 30. In order for the blade 20 to oscillate through the pendulum angle 26 of approximately 180°, the base 30 in the second embodiment is significantly larger and approximately 3 m high. The blade 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum movement.

[0045] Fig. Figure 3 shows an isometric representation of an actuating device 30 according to the invention. Fig. 3A shows an isometric view, Fig. 3B a top view and Fig. 3D a side view of the positioning device 30 according to the invention. Fig. Figure 3C shows a top view, showing a wing 20 adjustable by the actuating device 30 in various positions. The wing 20 is in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. Figure 3C shows a sectional view. The wing 20 is constructed in three parts: a main wing 22, a leading-edge flap 23, and a trailing-edge flap 24. The actuating device 30 includes a servomotor 31, by means of which the angles of attack of the wing parts 22, 23, and 24 can be adjusted. To enable the angles of attack to be set by the servomotor 31, the actuating device 30 includes a linkage 32. To allow the wing parts 22, 23, and 24 to be rotated relative to the wind direction 61, they are arranged on a common base 33. Fig. Figure 3C clearly shows that the adjusting device 30 adjusts the angle of attack of the wing sections 22, 23, 24 in relation to the wind direction 61. The angle of attack can be influenced by one or more parameters, in particular the wind speed, the wind direction, the change in wind speed, the frequency of the change in wind speed, the deflection of the wing, the acceleration of the wing, the speed of the wing, the direction of movement and / or safety requirements. Fig. 3A and Fig. In 3D, a pendulum axis 27 is also visible, around which the wing 20, together with the actuating device 30, oscillates. Furthermore, in Fig. 3C and Fig. 3D shows a housing 70 of the wind turbine 01, in which further components of the wind turbine 01 are arranged.

[0046] Fig. 4A and Fig. Figure 4B schematically shows two possible movement patterns of the wing 20. These are cross-sectional views of the wing 20 in different positions. The symmetrical profile 21 of the main wing 22, the leading edge slat 23, and the slotted flap 24 is clearly visible. The wind direction 61 comes from the front and flows first onto the leading edge slat 23, then onto the main wing 22, and then over the slotted flap 24. In the Fig. Figure 4A shows an example of an angle of attack 28 for one position. The angle of attack 28 results from the rotation of the plane of symmetry of the individual wing sections 22, 23, 24 relative to the wind direction 61. This rotation creates a lift force that shifts the wing 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow. Fig. 4A The individual wing parts 22, 23, 24 have approximately identical angles of attack 28. In the Fig. In contrast, in 4B the angles of attack 28 are not identical in at least two positions. This allows a greater lift force to be achieved, so that the wing 20 experiences greater acceleration at the same wind speed.

[0047] Fig. Figure 5 shows an isometric view of a first embodiment of a generator 50 according to the invention, which in this case is a linear generator, with gearbox 53. The generator 50 is arranged in a housing 70. It comprises five ring coils 52, which are connected to the vane 20 by means of a connecting rod 54. When the vane 20 moves in a pendulum motion, the ring coils 52 are moved along rod-shaped permanent magnets 51. Current is induced in the ring coils 52 by the change in the magnetic field. To enable the pendulum motion, the vane 20 is adjusted by the adjusting device 30 so that lift forces acting alternately in opposite directions are generated by the wind. The permanent magnets 51 are arranged in a straight line. The linear movement of the ring coils 52 is enabled by the connecting rod 54, which has a slot for this purpose.The housing 70 protects the generator 50 from the elements and from damage. The vane 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum motion.

[0048] Fig. 6A and Fig. Figure 6B shows an isometric view of a second embodiment of a generator 50 according to the invention. This is a rotary generator 50 with a gearbox 53, in particular a rectifier gearbox. To convert the pendulum motion of the blade 20 about the pendulum axis 27 into a rotational motion, the wind turbine 01 includes a gearbox 53. The gearbox 53 initially comprises a connecting rod 54, which converts the rotational motion of the pendulum axis 27 into a rotational motion about an axis arranged in the housing 70. A first bevel gear 55 and a second bevel gear 56 are arranged on this axis with their tooth flanks opposite each other. The first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56 are each connected to the axis by means of a freewheel unit 58, so that they are each driven in a force-transmitting manner only in one direction of rotation, while they can rotate independently of the axis when the axis rotates in the other direction.The freewheel devices 58 each rotate freely in the opposite direction. A third bevel gear 57 is arranged on the first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56 such that its tooth flank engages with the tooth flanks of the first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56. Depending on the direction of rotation of the axis, the third bevel gear 57 is driven either by the first gear 55 or by the second gear 56, while the other rotates freely. This design results in the third gear 57 being driven pulsatingly in one direction. The third gear 57 is connected to the rotary generator 55, which is also driven pulsatingly. Fig.Figure 6B shows that the wind turbine 01 includes a wind tracking system 60. This system rotates the wind turbine 01 on the base 30 in such a way that the pendulum axis 27 is aligned with the wind direction 61, and the pendulum plane in which the blade 20 swings is as perpendicular as possible to the wind direction 61.

Claims

[1] Wind turbine (01) comprising at least one blade (20) and at least one actuating device (30), wherein the wing (20) is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis (27) to perform a pendulum movement in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the wing (20) is symmetrically designed to generate lift, and wherein the angle of attack (28) of the wing (20) can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device (30), wherein a wind at an angle of attack (28) other than 0° experiences a deflection to one side, whereby a force opposing the deflection causes a deflection of the wing (20) to the other side, wherein a pendulum motion is limited to a plane perpendicular to the pendulum axis (27), wherein the actuating device (30) comprises at least one servomotor (31) and wherein the wing (20) includes a winglet (25), characterized by, that the wing (20) is designed in multiple parts, with a main wing (22) having a symmetrical profile (21) and with at least one lift aid having a symmetrical profile (21), wherein the angle of attack (28) of the lift aid and the angle of attack (28) of the main wing (22) are adjustable by means of the adjusting device (30) and that at least one lift aid is arranged on the leading edge and / or the trailing edge of the main wing. [2] Wind turbine (01) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) has a pendulum angle (26) of at least 0.5° and at most 180°, wherein the blade (20) oscillates about the pendulum axis (27) at the pendulum angle (26). [3] Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) includes a base (40) with a height of at least 0.25 m. [4] Wind power plant (01) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) includes a power machine. [5] Wind turbine (01) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) includes a generator. [6] Wind turbine (01) according to claim 5, characterized by , that the generator is a linear generator, wherein the linear generator comprises at least one stationary rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet and at least one ring coil arranged around the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet and driven by the wing (20), performing a pendulum motion along the rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet. [7] Wind turbine (01) according to claim 6, characterized by , that the ring coil is connected to the wing (20) via a connecting rod, so that the pendulum movement is carried out straight. [8] Wind power plant (01) according to claim 5, characterized bythat the generator is a rotary generator. [9] Wind turbine (01) according to claim 8, characterized by , that the rotary generator is driven by means of a rectifier gearbox, wherein the rectifier gearbox comprises a drive shaft driven by the wing (20) and performing a pendulum motion, wherein a first and a second bevel gear are arranged on the drive shaft with their tooth flanks opposite each other, wherein the first and the second bevel gear are connected to the drive shaft by means of a freewheel unit, wherein the freewheel units rotate freely in opposite directions, wherein a third bevel gear is arranged such that it can be driven by its tooth flank through the tooth flank of the first bevel gear and the tooth flank of the second gear. [10] Wind turbine (01) according to claim 9, characterized by, that the drive axle is the pendulum axle (27) or that the drive axle is connected to the pendulum axle (27) via a connecting rod. [11] Wind turbine (01) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) includes a wind tracking system. [12] Wind power plant (01) according to claim 11, characterized by that the wind turbine (01) includes at least one slip ring and / or one rotary transformer. [13] Wind turbine (01) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the wind turbine (01) includes a weather station, wherein at least one measurement signal from the weather station is connected as an input to a control and / or regulation unit.

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