Pultrusion device for the production of fiber-reinforced profiles

Abstract

Pultrusion device (100) for the production of fiber-reinforced profiles (300), comprising a fiber feeder (110) for feeding a fiber material (210), in particular a single thread or fiber bundle (210); an impregnation tool (120) for impregnating the fiber material (210) supplied by the fiber feeder (110), in particular in a pultrusion matrix; a shaping tool (130) for shaping and at least partially curing the impregnated fiber material (210) in order to produce a fiber-reinforced profile (300); a pulling device (140) configured to pull the fiber material (210) alternately or continuously, in particular via the fiber feed (110), through the pultrusion device (100), in particular the impregnation tool (120) and the forming tool (130), and thereby defining a straight main direction of movement, a straight pultrusion direction (P), of the fiber material (210) through the pultrusion device (100); wherein the impregnation tool (120) and / or forming tool (130) has at least two housing parts (121, 122, 131, 132) which form a cavity (120a, 130a) through which the fiber material (210) is drawn and wherein contact surfaces of the housing parts (121, 122, 131, 132) define at least one parting surface (T); characterized by the fact that at least one normal vector (N) of at least one separating surface (T) is not perpendicular to a direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction (P) and where: - that at least one separating surface (T) is a separating plane (T) which has the normal vector (N) that is not perpendicular to the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction (P) and a magnitude of an angle α between the normal vector (N) and the straight pultrusion direction (P) has an angle value or has a value of < 89° and >1° or - a first extension direction or a first direction vector of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the normal vector of the pultrusion direction (P) and a second extension direction of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the pultrusion direction and wherein the at least one parting surface (T) in this second extension direction is at least partially, preferably completely, wavy, zigzag-shaped or inclined plane, at least partially, preferably completely, alternately falling and rising.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a pultrusion device or pultrusion devices suitable for producing fiber-reinforced profiles or pultrudates, according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Pultrusion processes (also known as continuous drawing processes) and the corresponding pultrusion equipment enable the production of continuous profiles, especially fiber-reinforced continuous profiles made of plastic material, with a typically predefined profile cross-section. In a first step, fiber materials, especially unidirectional fiber materials or textile semi-finished products, nonwovens, or other materials, usually held on spools, are unwound and impregnated / impregnated in an impregnation / impregnation tool with a polymer matrix, usually reactive, hereinafter also referred to as the pultrusion matrix, for example, a resin or a reactive polymer matrix. This impregnation / impregnation can take place in an (open) bath or via an injection box. Subsequently, the impregnated fiber materials are drawn through a press die or forming tool to create a pultruded profile, pultrudate, or...A fiber-reinforced profile with a preset cross-section is formed before the pultruded profile is cured by (increasing) temperature application, or while the polymerization and curing reaction of the pultrusion matrix or resin system is initiated by energy input (in the form of temperature), resulting in the finished pultrudate. A profile produced in this way is continuously or alternately pulled through the individual processing stations using a pulling device and then usually fed to a cutting tool to separate segments of defined length. This pulling of the fiber bundles or the produced profile, which also involves pulling the fiber material, determines or establishes a straight main direction of movement, the pultrusion or machine direction.

[0003] In principle, all known and suitable reinforcing fibers can be used as fiber materials or reinforcing fibers for fiber reinforcement of the continuous profile, in particular glass, carbon, aramid, metal or natural fibers, but also textile semi-finished products or nonwovens as well as any mixtures of these fiber types.

[0004] The impregnation and / or forming tool is typically formed from at least two housing parts, in the simplest case from two tool halves. For complex component geometries, there are multiple parts, or each half comprises several (tool) parts. A parting line of the tool halves / parts is designed or aligned parallel to the pultrusion direction, main direction of movement, or machine direction. This means that one vector spanning the surface runs parallel to the pultrusion direction or machine direction. The second vector spanning the surface is a normal vector to the pultrusion direction. With multiple housing parts, there can be several parting lines, each running parallel to the pultrusion direction, or a single vector defining the surface. This parallel alignment results in a surface and / or tool contour that is easy and cost-effective to manufacture, coat, or harden.

[0005] Due to their abrasive properties and their movement relative to the tool, the fiber materials damage the tool on the inner cavity surface or the inner edge(s) of the parting surface(s) as the service life progresses.

[0006] Cleaning methods used to clean the impregnation tool and / or forming tool or their tool halves / parts also contribute to damage to the inner edges.

[0007] If the pultrusion process continues with a slightly damaged die, the inner edges become progressively more damaged or worn, to the point that individual filaments or fibers, or more generally, semi-finished product components, can become trapped and jammed in the unwanted openings created by wear on the inner edges. This hinders or disrupts the feed movement, or even causes it to stop completely. A visible indicator of the beginning and progressive wear of the parting line on the finished pultruded product is a positive excess material. The product falls outside the tolerance range, the die's wear limit is reached, and the die must be repaired or even replaced, which is costly and time-consuming, not to mention the often unplanned production interruption caused by the interruption of the feed movement and the "stuck" of the pultrusion process.

[0008] WO 2015 / 058 775 A1 discloses a pultrusion device and a pultrusion process for manufacturing a wind turbine blade.

[0009] WO 2021 / 097 058 A1, DE 10 2014 222 846 A1 DE 10 2014 019 149 A1 and JP 2008 055 772 A also disclose pultrusion processes and / or pultrusion devices that constitute state of the art.

[0010] The object of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages, in particular to reduce the susceptibility to wear of the at least two housing parts, especially at the inner edges. Likewise, significantly more reliable processes with higher product quality should be achieved, since there is no imprint of the worn tool or the inner edges on the component or fiber-reinforced profile, nor is there any interruption of the pultrusion process.

[0011] This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent claim. Advantageous further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0012] comprising a pultrusion device according to the invention for the production of fiber-reinforced profiles - a fiber feeder for feeding a fiber material, in particular a single thread or fiber bundle, - an impregnation tool for impregnating, in particular openly or closedly, the fiber material supplied by the fiber feeder, especially in a pultrusion matrix, a reactive polymer matrix or a (pultrusion) matrix material, - a shaping tool for shaping and at least partially curing the fiber material, especially impregnated with reaction mixture, in order to produce a fiber-reinforced profile, - a pulling device designed to pull the fiber material alternately or continuously, in particular via the fiber feed, through the pultrusion device, in particular the impregnation tool and the forming tool, and thereby defining a straight main direction of movement or machine direction, a straight pultrusion direction of the fiber material through the pultrusion device, - wherein the impregnation tool and / or forming tool has at least two housing parts that form a cavity through which the fiber material is drawn and wherein contact surfaces of the housing parts define at least one parting surface, wherein at least one normal vector of the at least one parting surface is not perpendicular to a direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction and wherein: - which at least one separating surface (T) is a separating plane (T) that has the normal vector (N) that is not perpendicular to the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction (P) and has an angle value α of < 89° and >1° or - a first extension direction or a first direction vector of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the normal vector of the pultrusion direction (P) and a second extension direction of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the pultrusion direction and wherein the at least one parting surface (T) in this second extension direction is at least partially, preferably completely, wavy, zigzag-shaped or inclined plane, at least partially, preferably completely, alternately falling and rising.

[0013] The fiber material or reinforcing fibers can be single threads or fiber bundles; they can also be semi-finished products, particularly textile semi-finished products or other materials such as EMC mesh. The fiber material or reinforcing fibers can also be braided or woven strand material, such as ribbons. The fiber material or reinforcing fibers can include, in particular, glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, and / or aramid fibers. The fiber material or reinforcing fibers are also referred to as roving and generally denote bundles or strands of filaments, i.e., continuous fibers.

[0014] The fiber material can be fed from a fiber storage unit; the fiber feeder can therefore include a fiber storage unit. The fiber storage unit serves to maintain a sufficient quantity of fiber material for alternating or continuous, uninterrupted production over a reasonable period. Generally, such fiber storage units can be formed by creels in which a multitude of spools, on which the fiber materials are wound, are rotatably mounted so that the fiber materials can be easily unwound. The unwound fiber materials can then be fed to the impregnation tool, in particular an (open) bath or injection box.

[0015] The matrix material, or pultrusion matrix, can be, in particular, polymers. The matrix material can be thermosets, thermoplastics, and / or elastomers. The matrix material can be reactively curing. Alternatively, the matrix material can be self-curing. The matrix material, or pultrusion matrix, can therefore, for example, be polyurethane, (epoxy) resin, and / or polyamide.

[0016] In all device variants, the matrix material or the pultrusion matrix can comprise at least one reactive polymer material, in particular polyurethane or (epoxy) resin.

[0017] The pultrusion device can include a tensioning device for alternately or continuously applying a tensile force to the continuous profile, particularly in the pultrusion direction, or along or in the direction of the pultrusion direction vector. This continuously subjects the continuous profile to the tensile force and conveys it through the individual processing stations, in particular impregnation tools, forming tools, and / or heating devices, in the pultrusion direction.

[0018] The pulling device can have two pulling units that are mounted to move linearly relative to each other in the direction of pull of the fiber material, so that they can automatically move alternately towards and away from each other (alternating pull-off). The pulling unit moving in the direction of pull always grasps a section of the fiber material and pulls it in the direction of pull, while the other pulling unit moving in the opposite direction releases the fiber material. In this way, the fiber material is always moved alternately or continuously only in the direction of pull. The pulling units move linearly along the pultrusion direction, or its direction vector, in particular back and forth along this direction.

[0019] Preferably, the impregnation tool comprises an injection box. The injection box can include an injection chamber into which the fiber materials are drawn from the fiber storage area. This chamber can be formed by the cavity of the impregnation tool. Preferably, there is an overpressure within the injection chamber. The desired or required pultrusion matrix (material), also called matrix material, is preferably injected into the injection chamber from outside the injection box, forced in under high pressure, and / or metered in. Due to the cavity geometry, which tapers in a wedge shape towards the end cross-section from the inlet of the injection box, and the pultrusion matrix or resin system, which is usually metered in continuously, a hydraulic pressure is created in the injection tool in conjunction with the withdrawal movement. This pressure forces the pultrusion matrix or resin through the fiber material, thereby impregnating it.Due to the high chamber pressure, the matrix material can penetrate the spaces between the fiber materials particularly well and bond completely and without air inclusions, i.e., without bubbles.

[0020] In other words, the injection box can be designed and / or configured such that a respective section of the fiber material within the injection chamber of the injection box is continuously impregnated with at least one matrix material under a chamber overpressure during the filament drawing of the fiber material.

[0021] In all device variants, the injection box allows the use of highly reactive, i.e., very fast-curing, matrix materials or matrix systems during the extrusion process. Fast-curing matrix materials or matrix systems are, for example, materials that are completely cured within a period of just a few minutes.

[0022] The forming tool can be directly connected to the impregnation tool, so that the fiber material exiting the impregnation tool, especially the injection box, enters the forming tool directly and can harden there at least until it has achieved almost complete shape stability.

[0023] The section of fiber material impregnated with the matrix material, extracted from the impregnation tool, can be fed to a spaced-apart or directly adjoining forming tool, particularly one screwed to it, before it has fully cured. Alternatively, if the fiber material strand, comprising both the fiber material and the matrix material, has emerged from the impregnation tool, it can first be fed to a heating device and cured there as desired, either partially or completely. However, before it has fully cured, the fiber material strand can then be fed to the forming tool.

[0024] The impregnation process can therefore take place before or directly during the forming process. In the latter case, the impregnation tool and the forming tool are only functionally distinguishable, but not spatially separated.

[0025] The forming tool can have a cavity designed to define the cross-sectional shape of the section of fiber material impregnated with the matrix material that is continuously drawn from the impregnation tool. The forming tool can be designed to reshape the cross-sectional shape of the not yet fully cured fiber material and / or to define its desired shape.

[0026] The forming tool may include a heating device to heat the impregnated fiber material during forming and thus at least partially or completely harden it. However, the heating device may also be located downstream of the forming tool.

[0027] According to the invention, the impregnation tool, in particular the injection box, and / or the forming tool, comprises at least two housing parts. The impregnation tool and / or forming tool can have two housing halves. According to the invention, the contact surfaces of the housing parts or housing halves define or form at least one parting line. With two housing halves, there can be four contact surfaces which, when the impregnation tool and / or forming tool is closed, define or form the parting line. Preferably, if more than two housing parts are present, there are at least two further contact surfaces which, when closed, form a further parting line.

[0028] According to the invention, at least one normal vector of the at least one parting surface is not perpendicular to a direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction or to the straight pultrusion direction itself. In other words, this means that the parting surface, in its extent or extension in the pultrusion direction, does not run at least partially parallel to the pultrusion direction or its direction vector, but deviates from it. This preferably results in at least one, preferably all, of the formed inner edge(s) of the housing parts deviating from the pultrusion direction in their course. "Inner" here refers to the edges of the housing parts that adjoin the formed cavity and thus come into contact with the fiber material during operation.

[0029] The impregnation tool and the forming tool can consist of a different number of housing parts. The impregnation tool, if designed as an injection box, preferably consists of two housing halves.

[0030] The impregnation tool and / or the forming tool may have a parting surface which has at least one normal vector not perpendicular to the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction, or both.

[0031] In the first embodiment according to the invention, the parting surface is a parting plane having a normal vector that is not perpendicular to the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction or to the pultrusion direction itself. The at least one parting surface can therefore have a flat shape. In this case, the parting surface / plane is spanned by two vectors, as is known in the prior art, wherein one vector forms a normal vector to the pultrusion direction and the other vector is not parallel to the pultrusion direction and thus deviates from it, such that a side / edge of the parting surface viewed in the pultrusion direction is straight and oblique to it.

[0032] In this embodiment, the two housing halves of the impregnation device and / or forming device can have four contact surfaces. When the impregnation tool and / or forming tool is closed, these surfaces can lie in or be arranged in the same plane and form the parting line. Preferably, if more than two housing parts are present, at least two additional contact surfaces are present. When closed, these surfaces lie in the same plane and form another parting line. In this embodiment, these parting lines are flat, i.e., designed / formed in the manner of a plane. If the impregnation and forming device has a corresponding configuration, the respective contact surfaces of both devices can lie in the same plane or the respective planes can differ from each other.

[0033] In the first embodiment according to the invention, the magnitude of an angle α between the normal vector and the straight pultrusion direction or the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction has an angle value of < 89° and > 1°, preferably <= 89° and >= 65°, particularly preferably <= 89° and >= 75°, and most preferably <= 85° and >= 75°. Furthermore, the angle can preferably also lie between 89° and 80°.

[0034] In the second embodiment according to the invention, a first extension direction or a first direction vector, which extends at least one parting surface parallel to the normal vector of the pultrusion direction, and preferably the at least one parting surface extends in a straight line in this first extension direction.

[0035] The direction of extension can therefore mean that it defines the essential course of the area in this direction, although deviations are possible. The area can thus run in a straight line in the direction of extension or deviate from a straight line. Nevertheless, the main course of the area remains in or along this direction of extension.

[0036] In the second embodiment according to the invention, a second direction of extension of the at least one parting surface runs parallel to the pultrusion direction, or its direction vector, and the at least one parting surface is at least partially, preferably completely, wavy, zigzag-shaped, or inclined plane in this second direction of extension, and / or is designed and / or configured with alternating downward and upward slopes. Thus, there is still a parting surface that extends in the pultrusion direction, but not in a straight line, rather exhibiting a wavy course in the pultrusion direction.This preferably ensures that the inner edges of the housing parts also have a wavy profile in the pultrusion direction, which reduces wear on these edges, since the straight fiber materials cannot penetrate the minimal gaps between the housing parts as easily and thus damage the edges.

[0037] In these embodiments, the at least one parting surface can thus be spanned by a vector along which it preferably runs in a straight line, wherein this vector preferably forms or represents a normal vector on / to the pultrusion direction, and furthermore a second vector is given or spanned by a second vector, wherein this second vector runs parallel to the pultrusion direction, in the direction of which the parting surface extends, but the parting surface itself deviates in this direction, preferably in a wavy, zigzag-shaped or inclined plane, at least partially, preferably completely, alternately falling and rising and thus deviates from the straight course of the second vector.

[0038] The housing parts or halves of the forming device can be arranged in further external tool parts, which preferably completely accommodate and / or enclose the housing parts / halves.

[0039] It may include several impregnation tools and / or shaping tools.

[0040] In the case of manufacturing fiber-reinforced profiles or pultrudates that have at least one hollow chamber, the pultrusion device can have at least one core. This at least one core preferably extends from the fiber feed through the impregnation tool, in particular the injection box, and through the cavity of the forming tool, or from the impregnation tool through the cavity of the forming tool, in order to create the desired cavity(ies) in the fiber-reinforced profile or pultrudate. This allows hollow profiles, such as pipes or the like, to be manufactured. With a suitable size or geometry, the at least one core can have channels suitable for carrying a heating medium. This makes the at least one core heatable, which can promote the curing of the pultruded matrix.

[0041] The pultrusion device may include a control device configured to control the heating device and the pulling device in such a way that the fiber material is fully cured, or at least cured to sufficient dimensional stability, in the heating device after exiting the cavity.

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the figures, which show schematically and by way of example: Fig. 1 a pultrusion device; Fig. 2 an impregnation tool and shaping tool according to the invention; Fig. 3 an impregnation tool and shaping tool according to the invention; Fig. 4 an impregnation tool and shaping tool according to the invention;

[0043] Fig. Figure 1 shows a pultrusion device 100 for the production of fiber-reinforced profiles 300. This pultrusion device 100 has a fiber feed 110 or a fiber storage reservoir 110 with at least one fiber material 210 stored or held therein, a pulling device 140 configured to draw the fiber material 210 alternately or continuously out of the fiber feed 110, an impregnation tool 120 in the form of an injection box 120 configured to inject a respective section of the fiber material 210 drawn by the pulling device 140 through the injection box 120 within an injection chamber 123 of the injection box 120, formed by the cavity 120a in the injection box 120, under a chamber overpressure with at least one matrix material orto impregnate the pultrusion matrix during the extrusion of the fiber material 210, in particular continuously, and a forming tool 130, which is designed to transform a respective, possibly at least partially cured section of the fiber material 210 reinforced with the matrix material into a desired shape and to cure at least partially (further).

[0044] The straight pultrusion direction P, or main direction of movement, or its direction vector, is indicated by the arrow P.

[0045] According to Fig. The forming tool 130 has a cavity 130a designed to define the desired cross-sectional shape of the section of fiber material 210 impregnated with the matrix material that is continuously drawn out of the injection box 120. A fiber-reinforced profile 300 is formed or shown to the right of, or after, the exit from, the forming tool 130. After complete curing, the fiber-reinforced profile 300 can be separated, cut, or shortened using a cutting device 150, such as a saw.

[0046] Fig. Figure 2 shows an impregnation tool 120 and a forming tool 130, wherein the impregnation tool 120 is designed as an injection box 120, to which the forming tool 130 is directly connected. The injection box 120 has two supply lines for the matrix material, one supply line opening into an upper housing part 121 or an upper housing half 121 of the injection box 120, and the other supply line opening into a lower housing part 122 or a lower housing half 122 of the injection box 120. The fiber material 210 is fed to the impregnation tool 120 from the left and impregnated therein. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the impregnation tool 120 does not have a configuration according to the invention, but rather, as is known from the prior art, a parting surface ST is formed centrally on / in the injection box, and this surface runs parallel to the pultrusion direction P or its direction vector, which is indicated by an arrow P.

[0047] The forming tool 130 also serves as a heating device for heating and at least partially hardening the impregnated fiber material 210, so that a fiber-reinforced profile 300 is produced.

[0048] Furthermore, the forming tool 130 has two housing parts or halves 131, 132 which form a parting line T at their contact surfaces. This parting line T runs obliquely to the pultrusion direction P or to the direction vector of the pultrusion direction P. Accordingly, a normal vector N of the parting line T is not perpendicular to a direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction P, but rather an angle α, deviating from 90°, is formed between the normal vector N and the pultrusion direction P.

[0049] Furthermore, a first direction vector, which spans the parting plane T or a first extension direction, runs parallel to a normal vector of the pultrusion direction P. The normal vector of the pultrusion direction P runs in Fig. The first direction vector, and thus also the parting line T, runs straight into or out of the drawing sheet area. The second direction vector of the parting line T runs obliquely to the pultrusion direction, in the case of the Fig. 2 sloping diagonally to the right.

[0050] Fig. Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of an impregnation tool 120 and a forming tool 130. This differs from the embodiment of the Fig. 2. The parting line T is designed in the pultrusion direction, either zigzag-shaped or as an inclined plane, at least partially, preferably completely, alternating between falling and rising slopes. The parting line T has a second direction of extension that runs parallel to or follows the direction of the pultrusion P. While the parting line T itself follows this direction of extension, it deviates from it in a zigzag-shaped or inclined plane pattern, at least partially, preferably completely, alternating between falling and rising slopes. Consequently, several normal vectors N are formed on the parting line T, and none of these are perpendicular to the pultrusion direction P or its direction vector.

[0051] Fig. Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of an impregnation tool 120 and a forming tool 130. This differs from the embodiment of the Fig. 2 and 3, respectively, are characterized by the fact that the interface T is wavy and / or meandering in the pultrusion direction and / or second extension direction. At the respective maxima of the wave, a parallel path, or a normal vector N perpendicular to the pultrusion direction P and its direction vector, is nevertheless present for a very short time.

[0052] In all three embodiments of the Fig. 2 to 4, the parting line T can also partially run parallel to the pultrusion direction P; thus, a completely inclined, zigzag, or wavy profile is not possible. A combination of the three embodiments is also possible. Fig. 2 to 4 may be implemented with or without the aforementioned partial parallel course.

[0053] Each of the configurations of the parting surface / plane T of the forming device 130 can be transferred to the parting surface / plane T of the impregnation tool 120. Reference symbol list 100 pultrusion device 110 Fiber feed 120 impregnation tools 120a Cavity Impregnation Tool 121 Housing part Impregnation tool 122 Housing part Impregnation tool 123 Injection chamber 130 shaping tools 130a Cavity Shaping Tool 131 Housing part forming tool 132 Housing part forming tool 140 Towing device 150 separating device 210 Fiber material 300 Fiber-reinforced profile or pultrudate N normal vector P Pultrusion direction, direction vector, arrow ST State of the art Separation surface T Separation surface, separation plane α angle

Claims

[1] Pultrusion device (100) for the production of fiber-reinforced profiles (300), comprising a fiber feeder (110) for feeding a fiber material (210), in particular a single thread or fiber bundle (210); an impregnation tool (120) for impregnating the fiber material (210) supplied by the fiber feeder (110), in particular in a pultrusion matrix; a shaping tool (130) for shaping and at least partially curing the impregnated fiber material (210) in order to produce a fiber-reinforced profile (300); a pulling device (140) configured to pull the fiber material (210) alternately or continuously, in particular via the fiber feed (110), through the pultrusion device (100), in particular the impregnation tool (120) and the forming tool (130), and thereby defining a straight main direction of movement, a straight pultrusion direction (P), of the fiber material (210) through the pultrusion device (100); wherein the impregnation tool (120) and / or forming tool (130) has at least two housing parts (121, 122, 131, 132) which form a cavity (120a, 130a) through which the fiber material (210) is drawn and wherein contact surfaces of the housing parts (121, 122, 131, 132) define at least one parting surface (T); characterized by , that at least one normal vector (N) of at least one separating surface (T) is not perpendicular to a direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction (P) and where: - that at least one separating surface (T) is a separating plane (T) which has the normal vector (N) that is not perpendicular to the direction vector of the straight pultrusion direction (P) and a magnitude of an angle α between the normal vector (N) and the straight pultrusion direction (P) has an angle value or has a value of < 89° and >1° or - a first extension direction or a first direction vector of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the normal vector of the pultrusion direction (P) and a second extension direction of the at least one parting surface (T) runs parallel to the pultrusion direction and wherein the at least one parting surface (T) in this second extension direction is at least partially, preferably completely, wavy, zigzag-shaped or inclined plane, at least partially, preferably completely, alternately falling and rising. [2] Pultrusion device (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the magnitude of an angle α between the normal vector (N) and the straight pultrusion direction (P) has an angle value or value of <= 89° and >= 65°, particularly preferably <= 89° and >= 75°, most preferably <= 85° and >= 75°. [3] Pultrusion device (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that at least one separating surface (T) runs in a straight line in this first extension direction. [4] Pultrusion device (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that at least one separating surface (T) in this second extension direction is completely wavy. [5] Pultrusion device (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that at least one separating surface (T) in this second extension direction is designed in a zigzag shape or as an inclined plane, alternating between falling and rising slopes.

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