Quantum watchdog for a quantum computer
Patent Information
- Application Number
- DE102023125699
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-27
Smart Images
Figure 00000012_0000
Abstract
Description
[0001] Quantum computers undoubtedly represent one of the most revolutionary developments in the history of information technology. With their potential to perform complex calculations at record-breaking speeds, they promise breakthroughs in various scientific and industrial fields, from materials research to cryptography and medicine. Despite these promising prospects, however, quantum computers are not without their challenges and difficulties.
[0002] The world of quantum computing is different in many ways from the classical world of bits and bytes we know from conventional computers. Quantum bits, or qubits, the fundamental units of quantum computers, behave completely differently than conventional bits due to the principles of quantum mechanics. These differences lead to unique opportunities, but also unique problems.
[0003] A key challenge facing quantum computers is the fragility of their qubits. While conventional bits are stable and reliable, qubits are extremely sensitive to external influences such as temperature fluctuations, electromagnetic fields, and noise. This leads to an inherent instability that jeopardizes the precise execution of calculations.
[0004] Another problem concerns error correction. Quantum computers are prone to errors due to their sensitive nature and the inevitable physical disturbances. Without effective error correction mechanisms, even small errors in calculations can grow exponentially and corrupt the results.
[0005] Additionally, quantum computers are susceptible to quantum noise, which arises due to the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. This noise can significantly affect the precision and accuracy of quantum calculations.
[0006] Controlling and monitoring qubits and ensuring their coherence are also challenging. The interaction between qubits and quantum gates requires careful control to ensure error-free calculations.
[0007] This paper explains these challenges and problems in detail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties facing quantum computers. These difficulties are not only scientific in nature but also have significant implications for the practical applicability of quantum computers in various fields.
[0008] It's important to emphasize that while quantum computers offer revolutionary possibilities, they require a careful and innovative approach to address these challenges. Solutions must be found to improve the robustness, stability, and error correction of quantum computers and fully exploit their powerful capabilities.
[0009] The following sections discuss various aspects and approaches to addressing these problems. These patented solutions are aimed at increasing the performance and reliability of quantum computers and paving the way for their widespread application in science and industry. Solution to the task
[0010] A quantum watchdog is an important element in a quantum computer to ensure the correct execution of quantum operations and to detect possible errors or malfunctions, thus solving the problems mentioned above.
[0011] In the world of quantum computing, the quantum watchdog and the control computer are two fundamental components of a quantum computer. While both are crucial for the smooth operation of the system, they perform different tasks and have different requirements. Therefore, they are preferably two separate parts of a quantum computer system. The control computer is part of the quantum computer, while the quantum watchdog is not part of the quantum computer and monitors the quantum computer. The following section explains the key differences between the quantum watchdog and the control computer and why this distinction is crucial. 1. Function and task:
[0012] The quantum watchdog is primarily responsible for monitoring the integrity of the quantum computer's physical components, particularly with regard to genuine defects and disturbances that may occur due to environmental influences or parametric drift of device components. Its task is to ensure that the quantum computer's hardware is in a fault-free state to prevent erroneous or distorted information from being introduced into the calculations.
[0013] In contrast, the control computer is responsible for coordinating and executing the quantum operations of the actual computer program. It controls the flow of calculations, activates the quantum gates, and manipulates the qubits according to the instructions of the executing algorithm. The control computer is more of a software-based unit that orchestrates the quantum operations. 2. Hardware vs. Software:
[0014] The quantum watchdog is heavily hardware-oriented. It monitors the physical parameters and states of the qubits, sensors, and connections between the quantum bits. This requires special sensors and measuring instruments to monitor the state of the hardware components in real time.
[0015] The control computer, on the other hand, is primarily a software component. It uses algorithms and software instructions to control the quantum operations. The focus is on programming and executing quantum algorithms and providing the necessary control commands to the qubits and quantum gates. 3. Necessity of separation:
[0016] The distinction between the quantum watchdog and the control computer is crucial because it ensures a clear demarcation of responsibilities within the quantum computer. This enables specialized monitoring of hardware integrity and optimal control of quantum operations.
[0017] Because quantum computers are extremely sensitive and hardware errors can lead to incorrect results, monitoring by the quantum watchdog is essential to ensure that calculations are performed on a reliable basis.
[0018] At the same time, the clear separation between hardware monitoring and software control enables the control computer to efficiently execute quantum algorithms without being distracted by hardware-related tasks.
[0019] Overall, the quantum watchdog and the control computer together contribute to increasing the performance and reliability of quantum computers. Their different tasks and requirements are crucial for the successful integration of quantum computers into scientific and industrial applications.
[0020] To effectively fulfill this function in the quantum computer, the quantum watchdog must have certain properties and implemented functions: Error detection and correction: The quantum watchdog should be able to detect errors in the quantum bits (qubits) or quantum gates and take corrective action if necessary. This is crucial because quantum computers are prone to errors due to quantum noise and other disturbances.
[0021] Monitoring quantum bit states: The quantum watchdog should constantly monitor the states of the qubits to ensure they are in the expected state. If a qubit loses its state due to decoherence or other errors, the watchdog should detect this and correct it if necessary.
[0022] Verification of quantum gate operations: The watchdog should monitor the execution of quantum gate operations and ensure that they are performed correctly according to the quantum algorithm requirements. If a quantum gate operation is faulty, the watchdog should detect it and take appropriate action.
[0023] Redundancy and fault isolation: The quantum watchdog should have redundant mechanisms to ensure that it does not introduce errors itself. Furthermore, it should be able to isolate errors to prevent them from propagating to other parts of the quantum computer.
[0024] Real-time monitoring: The quantum watchdog should monitor in real time to respond immediately to errors or deviations and stop or correct quantum operations if necessary.
[0025] Self-monitoring and calibration: The quantum watchdog should also be able to monitor and calibrate itself to ensure that its own operations and measurements are correct.
[0026] Robustness against external disturbances: The quantum watchdog should be designed to be resistant to external influences and disturbances to ensure the reliability of the quantum computer.
[0027] Flexibility and adaptability: Since the requirements for error detection and correction in quantum computers can be complex, the quantum watchdog should be flexible and adaptable to support different quantum algorithm implementations.
[0028] Overall, the quantum watchdog must be able to monitor and ensure the integrity and reliability of quantum operations and bits in a quantum computer. This is crucial to ensuring the performance of quantum computers in practical applications and minimizing the impact of quantum errors.
[0029] The quantum computer is equipped with a new quantum watchdog that monitors the execution of quantum gate operations. The function of the quantum watchdog in the quantum computer is therefore comparable to the function of a watchdog circuit in safety-relevant computer systems with conventional CPU cores. A distinction is made between errors that occur statistically due to the quantum nature (Category 1 errors) and genuine defects (Category 2 errors), which occur due to destruction or parametric drift of device parameters. The following section describes the properties the quantum watchdog must have to fulfill this function in the quantum computer and to monitor the correct function of the quantum bits and quantum gates without Category 2 errors.In order to monitor the correct functioning of the quantum bits and quantum gates in the quantum computer and to prevent Category 2 errors (true defects), the quantum watchdog must therefore have certain properties and functions: Real-time monitoring: The quantum watchdog should monitor the quantum bits and gates in real time. This allows Category 2 errors to be detected and addressed immediately before they can lead to more serious problems.
[0030] Sensors and detectors: The quantum watchdog should be equipped with a variety of sensors and detectors to detect changes in device parameters and the physical states of the qubits and gates. This enables early detection of real defects.
[0031] Calibration and self-monitoring: The watchdog should be able to calibrate and monitor itself. This helps ensure that it does not introduce errors and that its measurements are reliable.
[0032] Error correction mechanisms: The quantum watchdog should be able to implement error correction mechanisms when it detects Category 2 errors. This could include, for example, automatically reconfiguring qubits or redirecting quantum gate operations to intact qubits.
[0033] Redundancy: To increase reliability, the quantum watchdog can have redundant sensors and detectors. This allows monitoring of device parameters from different perspectives and increases fault detection capability.
[0034] Self-repair capability: In some cases, the quantum watchdog may even have the ability to self-repair, correcting or at least mitigating real defects. This requires advanced technologies such as quantum error-correcting codes and adaptive control.
[0035] Data collection and analysis: The watchdog should be able to collect and analyze large amounts of data to identify trends and patterns related to Category 2 errors. This can help identify and resolve potential hardware vulnerabilities early on.
[0036] Secure communication: The quantum watchdog should ensure that its measurement data and information about detected errors are transmitted securely to minimize potential points of attack for malicious manipulation.
[0037] In summary, the quantum watchdog must be able to not only monitor the quantum bits and gates, but also monitor for real defects, detect them early, and address them to ensure the overall performance and reliability of the quantum computer. This requires sophisticated hardware and software to meet the unique requirements of a quantum computer.
[0038] The quantum watchdog of a quantum computer should monitor a variety of physical parameters to ensure the correct functioning of the quantum bits (qubits) and quantum gates. The exact parameters that need to be monitored can vary depending on the specific implementation of the quantum computer, but here are some of the important physical parameters that are typically monitored: Qubit states: The quantum watchdog should monitor the states of all qubits to ensure they are in the expected state. This includes monitoring quantum superpositions and phases.
[0039] Coherence time (T2) and relaxation time (T1): These parameters measure the time it takes for a qubit to lose its coherence and return to its ground state. A shortening of these times can indicate physical errors or disturbances.
[0040] Quantum noise: The watchdog should monitor quantum noise, which can occur due to environmental influences and electronic noise sources. This noise can affect the stability of qubits.
[0041] Coupling strengths: The strength of the interaction between qubits and their coupling to quantum gates should be monitored to ensure that they meet the requirements of quantum algorithms.
[0042] Gate error rates: The error probability when executing quantum gate operations should be monitored. This includes both statistical errors and systematic errors that can arise from imperfect gate operations.
[0043] Temperature and environmental influences: Temperature and other environmental influences can affect the performance of qubits and gates. Therefore, monitoring these parameters is important to identify root causes of failures.
[0044] Energy states: The energy states of qubits and their changes over time should be monitored to detect unusual fluctuations.
[0045] Phase and amplitude stability: The stability of the phases and amplitudes of quantum gate operations is crucial for the correct execution of quantum algorithms and should therefore be monitored.
[0046] Disturbances and interference: The watchdog should monitor for unwanted disturbances and interference that may affect quantum operations and take appropriate protective measures.
[0047] Quantum error correction codes: If error correction codes are used in the quantum hardware, the watchdog should monitor their effectiveness and initiate error corrections if necessary.
[0048] The exact monitoring requirements can vary from quantum computer to quantum computer, depending on the technology and architecture. In any case, it is crucial that the quantum watchdog is able to monitor a wide range of physical parameters precisely and in real time to ensure the reliability and performance of the quantum computer.
[0049] The document presented here thus describes a quantum watchdog for a mobile quantum computer, where the quantum watchdog is designed to: a) to monitor the states of all read qubits read by the quantum computer for plausibility to ensure that they have the one possible expected state, whereby this monitoring includes monitoring the quantum superpositions and phases of the read quantum bits, b) to measure the coherence time (T2) and / or the relaxation time (T1) of quantum bits of the quantum computer between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in verification periods, whereby the quantum watchdog measures the time required by a qubit of the quantum computer to lose its coherence and return to the ground state, and in the event of a shortening of one of these times shorter than a respective minimum time or more often than a minimum number of shortenings of one of these times shorter than a respective minimum time, concludes that there are physical errors or a disturbance or a manipulation, c) to measure and quantify the quantum noise between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer during verification periods and, in the event that the quantitative parameters of the quantum noise lie outside specified expected ranges, to conclude that the function has been impaired due to manipulation and / or environmental influences and / or defects and / or electronic noise sources, d) to measure and quantify the coupling strengths of the quantum computer's qubits between each other during review periods between two quantum computer calculations in order to monitor the strength of the interaction between these qubits and their coupling to quantum gates, and to conclude that there is an error if the coupling strengths lie outside a predetermined expected value range, (e) measure and quantify the gate error rates between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer during verification periods in order to monitor the probability of errors in the execution of quantum gate operations, where the gate error rates may include gate error rates for statistical errors and / or systematic errors, f) to measure and quantify temperature and environmental influences between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer during review periods, g) to measure energy states of qubits and their change over time between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in verification periods and to compare these measured values with expected value intervals and, in the event that one of the measured values lies outside the corresponding expected value interval, to conclude that there is an error, h) to measure the phase and amplitude stability of the quantum gate operations and their change over time between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in verification periods and to compare these measured values with expected value intervals and, in the event that one of the measured values lies outside the corresponding expected value interval, to conclude that there is an error, and i) to measure the effectiveness of quantum error correction codes between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer by deliberately injecting errors into the quantum computer and, in case of an error, to initiate appropriate error corrections."
[0050] The present patent application thus relates to a mobile quantum computer equipped with a sophisticated quantum watchdog. This quantum watchdog plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and error-free operation of the mobile quantum computer. Claim 1 of this patent application specifically addresses the function of the quantum watchdog with regard to monitoring the qubit states.
[0051] The mobile quantum computer is a powerful computing machine based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It consists of a multitude of qubits, which act as the fundamental units of information and cooperate in complex quantum gate operations to execute quantum-based algorithms. The performance of the quantum computer depends significantly on the stability and integrity of these qubits.
[0052] The quantum watchdog, an integral part of the mobile quantum computer, is responsible for monitoring the states of all readout qubits for plausibility. This means that it continuously checks the states of these qubits to ensure they are in the expected state. This involves not only monitoring simple zero or one states, but also the more complex aspects of quantum mechanics, including quantum superpositions and phases.
[0053] Monitoring quantum superpositions is crucial because qubits are capable of existing in different states simultaneously, which is one of the foundations of the superior computing power of quantum computers. The quantum watchdog ensures that these superposition states are correct and stable, enabling error-free calculations.
[0054] Furthermore, the quantum watchdog monitors the phases of the qubits, as these are crucial for many quantum algorithms. Phase changes can cause quantum gate operations to fail or produce unexpected results. Therefore, careful monitoring and maintenance of these phases is crucial.
[0055] Overall, the mobile quantum computer described in claim 1 of the patent application submitted here, with its integrated quantum watchdog, contributes to reducing the error susceptibility of quantum computers and optimizing their performance. The constant monitoring and safeguarding of the qubit states, particularly with regard to quantum superpositions and phases, ensures that the mobile quantum computer operates reliably and precisely even under demanding conditions, making it attractive for a wide range of applications in various fields. 2. Monitoring of coherence time and relaxation time
[0056] Claim 2 of the patent application submitted here describes another important function of the quantum watchdog in the context of the mobile quantum computer. The focus here is on monitoring the coherence time (T2) and / or the relaxation time (T1), which continues to ensure the overall performance and error-free operation of the system.
[0057] The coherence time (T2) and the relaxation time (T1) are crucial parameters for assessing the stability and reliability of qubits in a quantum computer. They indicate how long a qubit can remain in a coherent state before losing its quantum states and returning to the ground state. The coherence time refers to the conservation of quantum superpositions, while the relaxation time indicates the time a qubit needs to return to the ground state.
[0058] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog carefully monitors these times between two consecutive quantum computer calculations. It measures the time it takes for a qubit to lose its coherence or return to its ground state. These times are compared to a respective minimum time, which serves as a reference value for the system's normal functioning.
[0059] If the coherence time (T2) or relaxation time (T1) deteriorates below the respective minimum time, or if these deteriorations occur more frequently than a specified minimum, the quantum watchdog concludes that there are potential problems in the system. Such deteriorations can indicate physical errors, unwanted disturbances, or even deliberate tampering. This early detection of deviations from the expected times enables the mobile quantum computer to take timely action to identify and correct the causes of the errors, ensuring system integrity.
[0060] Monitoring the coherence time (T2) and the relaxation time (T1) by the quantum watchdog according to claim 2 of the patent application submitted here is thus a central component of the overall function of the mobile quantum computer and contributes significantly to ensuring the stability and error-free operation of the system in real time. This is crucial for optimizing the performance of the mobile quantum computer in various application areas and ensuring that it meets the high requirements of quantum computing. 3. Monitoring quantum noise
[0061] Claim 3 of the patent application submitted here addresses another important function of the quantum watchdog within the mobile quantum computer. Here, the focus is on monitoring quantum noise, a key aspect in maintaining system integrity and performance.
[0062] Quantum noise is an unavoidable part of quantum computers, as they are based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. It consists of random fluctuations in the quantum states of the qubits that arise due to the uncertainty principles of quantum physics. This noise can come from various sources, including environmental influences, physical defects, or even electronic noise sources.
[0063] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog monitors the quantum noise between two consecutive quantum computer calculations during specific review periods. It not only measures the intensity of the noise but also quantifies its quantitative parameters.
[0064] Crucially, the quantum watchdog considers predefined expected ranges for the quantitative parameters of quantum noise. If these parameters lie outside these expected ranges, the quantum watchdog interprets this as an indication of potential functional impairments in the mobile quantum computer. These impairments can be caused by various factors, including tampering, environmental influences, defects in the quantum bits, or even external electronic interference sources.
[0065] Timely detection and identification of such functional impairments is crucial to maintaining the reliability and precision of the mobile quantum computer. This enables the system to take appropriate measures to correct the causes of the errors and ensure that quantum computations are performed in a trusted environment.
[0066] In summary, monitoring of quantum noise by the quantum watchdog according to claim 3 of the patent application submitted here is an essential component for error detection and error correction in mobile quantum computers. This contributes to maintaining the system's performance and stability at a high level and makes it attractive for a wide range of applications. 4. Monitoring the coupling strengths of the qubits
[0067] Claim 4 of the patent application submitted here describes in detail the important function of the quantum watchdog within the mobile quantum computer with regard to monitoring the coupling strengths of the qubits. This monitoring is crucial to ensuring the reliability and accuracy of quantum calculations.
[0068] The coupling strengths between the qubits are a crucial factor in the functioning of a quantum computer. They determine the interaction and coupling between these qubits and thus influence the execution of quantum gate operations, which are essential for complex computations.
[0069] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog is responsible for measuring and quantifying these coupling strengths between two consecutive quantum computer calculations during specific verification periods. The measured values are compared with a predefined expected range of values, which serves as a reference for the system's normal functioning.
[0070] If the measured coupling strengths fall outside this expected range, the quantum watchdog interprets this as a potential error condition. Deviations in the coupling strengths can indicate physical problems, disturbances, or manipulations that could jeopardize the precise execution of quantum gate operations.
[0071] Monitoring the coupling strengths of the qubits by the quantum watchdog, as described in claim 4 of the patent application submitted here, contributes significantly to error detection and error correction in the mobile quantum computer. This early detection of deviations from the expected coupling strengths enables the system to take targeted measures to eliminate the causes of the errors and restore correct functionality. This ensures that the mobile quantum computer operates precisely and reliably even under demanding conditions, further increasing its applicability in various fields. 5. Monitoring gate error rates
[0072] Claim 5 of the patent application submitted here describes in detail the important function of the quantum watchdog in the mobile quantum computer with regard to monitoring gate error rates. Monitoring these error rates is crucial to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of quantum gate operations.
[0073] Quantum gate operations are the fundamental building blocks of quantum computation and are used to perform complex tasks. However, due to the sensitive nature of quantum systems, errors can occur in the execution of quantum gate operations, whether due to statistical fluctuations or systematic problems.
[0074] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog monitors these errors by measuring and quantifying the gate error rates between two consecutive quantum computations during specific check periods. It considers both statistical and systematic errors to provide a comprehensive assessment of the error probability when executing quantum gate operations.
[0075] Statistical errors can be due to random fluctuations in the quantum states or the environment of the quantum computer. Systematic errors, on the other hand, can indicate recurring problems or inaccuracies in the system.
[0076] Quantifying gate error rates allows the quantum watchdog to perform a detailed analysis of the error sources and initiate corrective measures if necessary. If the measured error rates deviate significantly from the expected values, the quantum watchdog concludes that there is an increased probability of errors in the quantum gate operations. This can indicate potential problems that could affect the accuracy and precision of the calculations.
[0077] Monitoring gate error rates according to claim 5 of the patent application submitted here is a further step toward error-free and reliable performance of the mobile quantum computer. It enables the system to detect and correct errors early on, ensuring that quantum computations can be performed at the highest level. This is crucial for applications that require precise information processing and aim to exploit the full potential of quantum technology. 6. Monitoring of temperature and environmental influences
[0078] Claim 6 of the patent application submitted here addresses another essential function of the quantum watchdog in the mobile quantum computer, namely the monitoring of temperature and environmental influences. This monitoring is of great importance because it ensures that the mobile quantum computer operates under optimal operating conditions.
[0079] Temperature and environmental influences can have a significant impact on the performance of quantum computers. Because quantum systems are extremely sensitive, even minor temperature fluctuations or external influences can disrupt the quantum states of the qubits and affect the accuracy of calculations.
[0080] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog is responsible for measuring and quantifying these influences between two consecutive quantum computer calculations during specific review periods. This takes both temperature and environmental influences into account.
[0081] By quantifying these parameters, the quantum watchdog can detect and evaluate deviations from expected values. This is crucial to ensuring that the mobile quantum computer operates under the optimal conditions required for precise quantum computations.
[0082] In the event of temperature fluctuations or significant environmental influences, the quantum watchdog can take appropriate measures to restore the stability of the system. This may include adjusting cooling or insulation measures to maintain the temperature at the required level and minimize external influences.
[0083] Monitoring temperature and environmental influences according to claim 6 of the patent application submitted here is therefore an important protection mechanism that ensures that the mobile quantum computer operates under the best possible conditions to perform high-precision quantum calculations. This helps minimize the probability of errors and increase the reliability of the system, which in turn expands its possible uses in various applications. 7. Monitoring energy states of qubits
[0084] Claim 7 focuses on another important function of the quantum watchdog within the mobile quantum computer—monitoring the energy states of qubits and their changes over time. This monitoring is crucial to ensure that the qubits are in the optimal state for precise quantum computations.
[0085] Qubits are the fundamental building blocks of a quantum computer, and their energy states play a crucial role in computations. Changes in the energy states of the qubits can affect the system's performance and accuracy.
[0086] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog records the energy states of the qubits and their changes over time between two consecutive quantum computer calculations at specific check intervals. The recorded measurements are then compared with predefined expected value intervals, which serve as a reference for the expected energy states.
[0087] If one of the measured values falls outside the corresponding expected value interval, the quantum watchdog considers this a potential error condition. Deviations in the energy states can indicate physical problems or manipulations that could impair the performance of the qubits.
[0088] Early detection and identification of such deviations is crucial to initiate appropriate troubleshooting measures and ensure that the qubits remain in an optimal state for precise quantum computations.
[0089] Monitoring the energy states of the qubits according to claim 7 of the patent application submitted here is thus a further step toward stable and reliable performance of the mobile quantum computer. This helps minimize the probability of errors and maintain the accuracy of calculations, expanding the system's potential uses in various applications. 8. Monitoring the phase and amplitude stability of quantum gate operations
[0090] Claim 8 of the patent application submitted here emphasizes a further function of the quantum watchdog within the mobile quantum computer, which aims to monitor the stability of the phase and amplitude relationships during quantum gate operations. This monitoring is crucial to ensure that the quantum gates operate with the highest precision.
[0091] Quantum gate operations are fundamental to quantum computation and rely on controlling the phases and amplitudes of quantum states. Deviations in these parameters can significantly affect the results of computations and jeopardize the accuracy of quantum calculations.
[0092] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog therefore records the phase and amplitude stability of the quantum gate operations between two consecutive quantum computer calculations during specific check periods. The measured values are compared with predefined expected value intervals, which serve as a reference for the expected stability.
[0093] If any of the measured values fall outside the corresponding expected value interval, the quantum watchdog interprets this as a potential error condition. Deviations in phases and amplitudes can indicate physical irregularities or tampering that could impair the correct functioning of the quantum gate operations.
[0094] Early detection of such deviations enables the quantum watchdog to take appropriate measures to restore the stability of the quantum gate operations. This may include adjusting control parameters or implementing error correction measures.
[0095] Monitoring the phase and amplitude stability of quantum gate operations according to claim 8 of the patent application submitted here is therefore of great importance to ensure that the mobile quantum computer can perform precise and reliable quantum computations. This contributes to increasing the quality of the results and minimizing the probability of errors, thus expanding the applicability of the system in various technological and scientific fields. 9. Monitoring of quantum error correction codes
[0096] Claim 9 of the patent application submitted here highlights a crucial function of the quantum watchdog within the mobile quantum computer—monitoring and optimizing the effectiveness of quantum error correction codes. This claim emphasizes the importance of error correction in quantum systems and demonstrates how the quantum watchdog contributes to maintaining the reliability of the mobile quantum computer.
[0097] Quantum error-correcting codes are an essential component of quantum computers. They are used to detect and correct errors that may occur during a quantum computation before they affect the results. Due to the fragile nature of quantum bits, the application of error-correcting mechanisms is crucial.
[0098] The mobile quantum computer's quantum watchdog measures the effectiveness of these error-correcting codes by deliberately introducing errors into the quantum computer and observing their impact on the calculations. This occurs between two consecutive quantum computer calculations during the defined verification periods.
[0099] Once the quantum watchdog determines that an error-correcting code is ineffective and errors remain uncorrected, it will initiate appropriate error corrections. This may include adapting error-correcting mechanisms, implementing additional security measures, or extending the error-correcting codes.
[0100] Monitoring and improving the effectiveness of quantum error correction codes according to claim 9 of the patent application submitted here is an integral part of the security and performance strategy of the mobile quantum computer. This ensures that the computed results are error-free and reliable, and that potential malfunctions or tampering are detected and corrected in a timely manner.
[0101] Overall, this feature helps expand the mobile quantum computer's potential for use in critical applications where high accuracy and reliability of results are paramount. It ensures that the mobile quantum computer can realize its full potential to solve complex problems in areas such as cryptography, materials science, and optimization. 10. Method for monitoring a mobile quantum computer
[0102] Claim 10 of the patent application submitted here focuses on the method for monitoring a mobile quantum computer, which combines all of the previously described claims. This method is crucial to ensuring that the mobile quantum computer operates in optimal condition and can perform complex quantum calculations without errors.
[0103] The method for monitoring a mobile quantum computer according to claim 10 comprises a series of steps implemented in the mobile quantum computer and based on claims 1 to 9. These steps include comprehensively monitoring various aspects of the mobile quantum computer to ensure its correct functioning and to indicate possible error conditions.
[0104] These steps include continuous monitoring of qubit states, measurement of coherence times and quantum noise parameters, assessment of coupling strengths between qubits and quantum gates, monitoring gate error rates, and recording temperature and environmental influences. Furthermore, the energy states of the qubits and the stability of the phase and amplitude relationships during quantum gate operations are monitored.
[0105] A particularly important aspect of the method is to evaluate the effectiveness of quantum error-correcting codes. To do this, targeted errors are introduced into the quantum computer and the effects on the calculations are observed. If errors are detected, appropriate error corrections are initiated.
[0106] Comprehensive monitoring and analysis of these aspects during specific review periods ensures that the mobile quantum computer operates under optimal conditions and proactively detects potential error conditions. This helps maximize system reliability and minimize the probability of errors.
[0107] The method for monitoring a mobile quantum computer according to claim 10 of the patent application submitted here forms the core of the technological innovation and security strategy of the mobile quantum computer. It enables the performance of precise and reliable quantum computations in a wide range of application areas, from cryptography to optimization, and opens up new possibilities for research and technology development. Character description
[0108] In Fig.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a quantum computer with an associated quantum watchdog. The individual components of the device are labeled with reference numerals to facilitate their identification. (1) Quantum computer (1): This is the central processing unit of the system, comprising an array of qubits (Q1, Q2, ... Qn) and the means for implementing the quantum gates used for computation. The quantum gates are sequences of control signals that manipulate the qubits, using means (M) of the quantum computer (1) for manipulating and / or reading qubits (Q1, Q2, ... Qn) of the quantum computer (1), and perform quantum calculations and read out the results. (2) Quantum Watchdog: The quantum watchdog (2) is an independent unit responsible for monitoring and controlling the quantum computer's hardware components and behavior. It communicates with sensors and measuring devices for recording physical parameters and states of the qubits, the quantum computer, the auxiliary units, and the means for manipulating and reading the quantum states of the qubits. The sensors are also located in the environment of the qubits and may also record environmental parameters of the quantum computer. (3) Monitoring sensors: These sensors (S1, S2, ... Sn) are placed near the qubits and / or the environment of the quantum computer. They record physical parameters such as temperature, coherence time, relaxation time, coupling strength, energy state, and quantum noise. (4) Control unit of the quantum watchdog: The control unit (C1) of the quantum watchdog coordinates the activities of the quantum computer's means for manipulating and reading the qubits during the sequential and / or structured processing of quantum program codes located in a memory of the control device. (5) Interface: The interface (I1) enables communication between the quantum watchdog and the control unit (S) of the quantum computer. It transmits information about detected errors or deviations and commands for countermeasures to ensure the smooth operation of the quantum computer.
[0109] The figure illustrates the integration of a quantum watchdog into a quantum computer to ensure hardware integrity and computational accuracy. The quantum watchdog's monitoring sensors and control unit work together to monitor physical parameters and indicate potential error conditions while the quantum computer performs quantum computations under the control of its control processor. This ensures that the quantum computer operates in an optimal environment and delivers reliable results.
Claims
[1] A mobile quantum computer comprising a quantum watchdog, the quantum watchdog being configured to monitor the states of all read qubits read by the quantum computer for plausibility to ensure that they have the one possible expected state, such monitoring comprising monitoring the quantum superpositions and phases of the read quantum bits. [2] The mobile quantum computer according to claim 1, wherein the quantum watchdog measures the coherence time (T2) and / or the relaxation time (T1) of quantum bits of the quantum computer between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in verification periods and in the event of a shortening of these times shorter than a respective minimum time or more often than a minimum number of shortenings of one of these times shorter than a respective minimum time concludes physical errors or a disturbance or a manipulation. [3] The mobile quantum computer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the quantum watchdog measures and quantifies the quantum noise between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in review periods and, in the event that the quantitative parameters of the quantum noise lie outside predetermined expected ranges, concludes that there is a functional impairment due to manipulation and / or environmental influences and / or defects and / or electronic noise sources. [4] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures and quantifies the coupling strengths of the qubits of the quantum computer between each other during check periods between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in order to monitor the strength of the interaction between these qubits and their coupling to quantum gates, and in the event that the coupling strengths lie outside a predetermined expected value range, concludes that there is an error. [5] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures and quantifies the gate error rates between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer in check periods to monitor the probability of errors in the execution of quantum gate operations, wherein the gate error rates may include gate error rates for statistical errors and / or systematic errors. [6] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures and quantifies temperature and environmental influences in check periods between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer. [7] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures energy states of qubits and their change over time in verification periods between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer and compares these measured values with expected value intervals and in the event that one of the measured values lies outside the associated expected value interval, concludes that there is an error. [8] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures and quantifies the phase and amplitude stability of the quantum gate operations in check periods between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer and compares these measured values with expected value intervals and, in the event that one of the measured values lies outside the associated expected value interval, concludes that there is an error. [9] The mobile quantum computer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum watchdog measures the effectiveness of quantum error correction codes between two quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer by targeted error injection into the quantum computer and initiates appropriate error corrections in case of an error. [10] A method of monitoring a mobile quantum computer, the method comprising the steps described in the mobile quantum computer of any one of claims 1 to 9, including the steps of monitoring qubit states, coherence times, quantum noise, coupling strengths, gate error rates, temperature and environmental conditions, energy states of qubits, phase and amplitude stability of quantum gate operations, and the effectiveness of quantum error correcting codes to ensure correct functioning of the mobile quantum computer and to indicate error conditions.