Elastic bearing element

Abstract

Elastic bearing element (1) for supporting loads in a vehicle with a spring element (40), comprising: - a bearing core (41), - an elastomer (42) vulcanized onto the bearing core (41), wherein the elastomer (42) forms at least one stud (43) which projects from the bearing core (41), a cassette (20) which is undersized compared to the spring element (40) and radially preloads the spring element (40), comprising: - a side (21) facing the spring element (40), - a side (22) facing away from the spring element (40), and a receptacle (10) having an insertion opening for inserting the cassette (20), wherein the receptacle (10) has a first axial spring travel limit (11) to a first end face and a second axial spring travel limit (12) to a second end face and the cassette (20) is received in the receptacle (10); wherein the bearing element (1) has a longitudinal axis (X).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an elastic bearing element for supporting loads in a vehicle and an assembly method.

[0002] Vehicle construction is subject to a constantly changing, dynamic mix of requirements that must be reconciled with costs and physical limitations. New drives or components regularly place new demands on the installation space and damping properties of bearings.

[0003] Elastomer bushings are widely used in automotive engineering. It is state-of-the-art to allow the spring rates to be influenced to a limited extent in all three spatial directions by means of recesses in the rubber contour.

[0004] DE 198 59 067 A1 describes such a rubber bearing with one-sided binding.

[0005] DE 10 2007 023 886 A1 describes an insert bearing part with a circumferential outer shell, an elastomer body surrounding the outer shell and a rigid core, wherein when an insert bearing part is placed against another insert bearing part of the same or similar structure, the insert bearing parts touch essentially at the radial height of the core and an axial distance is formed between the opposing axial sections of the outer shell, so that when the axial sections approach each other, the elastomer body is compressed.

[0006] DE 10 2017 202 014 A1 describes a damper bearing in which at least one modifier is arranged and / or clamped between the disc and the elastomer body and / or between the bearing housing and the elastomer body, which modifier consists of a material that has a higher rigidity than the material of the elastomer body.

[0007] DE 10 2018 102 745 A1 describes a mounting system for the elastic mounting of a spring strut or a vibration damper on a vehicle body by means of a pre-stressed elastomer body and a ring element which presses against a fixing device.

[0008] Main features of the invention are defined in claim 1 and method claim 11. Further embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 10.

[0009] The elastic bearing element according to the invention for supporting loads in a vehicle with a longitudinal axis and a spring element, wherein the spring element has a bearing core and an elastomer vulcanized onto the bearing core, wherein the elastomer forms at least one stud which projects from the bearing core, a cassette which is undersized compared to the spring element and radially preloads the spring element, wherein the cassette has a side facing the spring element and a side facing away from the spring element, and a receptacle having an insertion opening for inserting the cassette, wherein the receptacle has a first axial spring travel limitation to a first end face and a second axial spring travel limitation to a second end face and the cassette is received in the receptacle.

[0010] High spring rates with a pronounced linear stiffness curve, especially in single-sided spring elements, can only be achieved with relatively thick elastomer springs, which can also be called studs or spring elements, which must have strong preloads in the respective directions. High spring rates in all three spatial directions therefore require high preloads in these three spatial directions. Delicate studs promote initial linearity of the spring rates.

[0011] The at least one stud arranged around the bearing core, which protrudes from the bearing core, allows spring rates to be dimensioned in all radial directions and thus, for example, to provide a different spring rate in a direction transverse to the direction of travel than in the direction of travel. The cassette preloads the spring element by being undersized compared to the spring element in at least one radial direction. Thus, when the spring element is inserted into the cassette, the elastomer with its at least one stud protruding from the bearing core is compressed and the radial spring rates are adjusted. This is also referred to as radial calibration of the spring element. The spring rate depends on the geometry of the elastomer and the undersize of the cassette.

[0012] Radial preloading increases the stiffness of a spring element while simultaneously holding it in position. The spring element does not need to be bonded to the cassette by vulcanization. It is held in the cassette, preferably exclusively, by frictional and / or positive locking.

[0013] The cassette design saves installation space and, with a corresponding receptacle, creates a simple and secure connection. This reduces the risk of damage during assembly without reducing the preload. Furthermore, the risk of incorrect assembly is reduced by a defined cassette-receptacle connection.

[0014] The cassette, for example, is made of plastic.

[0015] The holder is made of a metal, for example, in particular die-cast aluminum.

[0016] A retainer allows for axial fixation or preload independent of radial preload, so that mounting the spring element into the cassette only requires radial preload, while inserting the cassette into the retainer provides axial fixation or preload. This eliminates the need to apply forces in all three spatial directions simultaneously, simplifying assembly.

[0017] The cassette can be fixed in the holder, for example, by form fit and / or friction fit.

[0018] An axial spring travel limitation by means of an annular support element on the two end faces at the ends of the mount in the axial direction limits the spring travel by ensuring that the spring element cannot be axially displaced beyond the support elements at the highest possible deformation of the studs.

[0019] The bearing element may have an axial through-bore for screwing a load. The bearing element may have other fastening means for connecting to a load and / or a component for supporting a load.

[0020] In a technically advantageous embodiment, the first axial spring travel limitation and the second axial spring travel limitation preload the elastomer at least in some areas in an assembled state.

[0021] An assembly state describes the state in which the elastic bearing element itself has been assembled, i.e. all steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention have been carried out.

[0022] The preload provided by the upper and lower axial travel limits, in combination with the at least one protruding stud, allows for dimensioning of the axial spring rate. Axial preload can only occur if either the at least one stud is axially oversized relative to the cassette or if it is pushed axially beyond the cassette by the radial preload.

[0023] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the tunnel is interrupted by at least one recess in at least one spatial direction.

[0024] Recesses allow for further dimensioning of spring rates in every spatial axis without neglecting the establishment of the desired progression and the definitive travel limitation. Recesses can be provided around the entire circumference and / or in sections in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction as cutouts across the entire radial thickness and / or as recesses across a portion of the radial thickness. Thus, the same cassettes and bearing cores can be used with different stud geometries to provide different spring rates depending on the application. This leads to larger quantities of consistent parts and thus reduces production costs.

[0025] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the bearing element has one spring rate in the axial direction and at least two spring rates in the radial direction, and the spring rates in the axial direction are between 20% and 600%, preferably between 100% and 200%, particularly preferably 140% of the lower of these at least two spring rates in the radial direction.

[0026] An axial spring rate between 20% and 600%, preferably between 100% and 200%, particularly preferably 140% of the lower of at least two radial spring rates, meets the modern requirements of electromobility. The high weight of energy storage devices, in particular, poses challenges for conventional bearing elements. An axial spring rate of up to 600% of the at least two radial spring rates can meet additional requirements. A configuration with an axial spring rate of 20% of the lower of the at least two radial spring rates accommodates other requirements of complex vehicle systems. This broad range of spring rate ratios with largely identical components saves costs and increases component availability.

[0027] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the at least one stud of the spring element is compressed by the cassette by 10% to 50% of its radial extent, preferably 10% to 20% of its radial extent.

[0028] The particularly high calibration rate, which preloads at least one stud, brings the spring element into a working position by imposing a negative spring deflection. This allows the spring element to be compressed in all directions by a load without the opposite side of the spring element losing contact with the cassette, achieving defined spring rates in all radial directions depending on the preload. Furthermore, this maintains a compressive preload in the elastomer under all load conditions, which promotes a long service life of the spring element.

[0029] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, a central stud is provided which protrudes radially from the bearing core and can also be referred to as a radial stop.

[0030] This central stud is preferably not radially and / or axially preloaded, unlike the other studs, and preferably forms an air gap between the central stud and the cassette. This non-preloaded stud can serve as a radial end stop. This allows the stiffness curve of the elastic bearing element to initially exhibit a linear radial progression, which then becomes progressive, i.e., with a significant jump in stiffness, after overcoming the air gap upon contact between the central stud and the cassette. Furthermore, this central stud limits the compressive load on the remaining studs due to radial deflections, thus increasing their service life.

[0031] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, at least one insert element is arranged at contact points between the spring element and the cassette and / or between the spring element and the receptacle.

[0032] With at least one insert element, the preload can be further increased and thus the rigidity of the elastic bearing element. Insert elements increase the undersize of the cassette and / or the receptacle, so that the spring element is compressed even more strongly in the radial and / or axial direction. This allows identical components to be easily adapted for bearing elements of different rigidity, which reduces production costs. Insert elements can be arranged circumferentially or in sections between the elastomer of the spring element and the cassette and / or between the elastomer and the receptacle, thus changing the locking and / or increasing the preload.

[0033] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the insert element has at least one holding element and / or corresponds to at least one holding element of the elastic bearing element.

[0034] To prevent displacement of the at least one insert element under maximum unloading, i.e., maximum loading on the opposite side of the spring element, the at least one insert element can have at least one retaining element, such as, but not limited to, grooves, lugs, or ribs. Thus, should a load cause the spring element to lose contact with the at least one insert element on one side, the at least one insert element continues to be held in position by its retaining element.

[0035] Furthermore, the elastic bearing element can also have at least one holding element which holds the at least one insert element in position when the opposite side of the spring element is loaded.

[0036] Both the at least one insert element and the elastic bearing element can also have at least one holding element which, together or next to each other, hold the at least one insert element in position.

[0037] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the at least one insert element is arranged on the edge facing the cassette and / or the outer surface of the at least one stud facing the first axial spring travel limitation and / or the second axial spring travel limitation.

[0038] Due to the arrangement between the stud and the cassette and / or between the stud and the upper and lower axial travel limit, at least one insert element can be held more easily in position, whereby possible holding elements can be dimensioned more easily or eliminated entirely.

[0039] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the insert element is embedded in the at least one stud.

[0040] Embedded in at least one stud, assembly is further simplified since no additional part needs to be arranged between the cassette and spring element or between the holder and spring element.

[0041] In a further technically advantageous embodiment, the insert element and / or the insert element embedded in the stud is materially bonded to the elastomer, for example by means of vulcanization.

[0042] An insert element bonded to the elastomer can further increase rigidity. Installation is also simplified, as there's no risk of the elastomer getting jammed between the cassette and the mount during assembly.

[0043] In a further advantageous embodiment, the bearing core is designed in such a way that, even without vulcanized elastomer, it has a radial oversize in the axial direction compared to the first axial spring travel limitation and / or the second axial spring travel limitation and has an undercut in at least one axial direction at least in some regions.

[0044] A bearing core that doesn't pass through the axial spring travel limits of the mount even without vulcanized elastomer makes axial travel limitation easier, as the stable bearing core reduces the spring element's ability to deform. Particularly advantageous is that the bearing core doesn't pass through the support elements of the mount even if the elastomer or the connection to the elastomer is defective, thus providing a fail-safe design.

[0045] A method for assembling an elastic bearing element according to the invention comprises the following steps: a. Radial clamping of a spring element by inserting the spring element into a cassette to produce a pre-assembly, b. Inserting the cassette into a holder and thus axially clamping the spring element to produce an elastic bearing element.

[0046] The method for assembling an elastic bearing element according to the invention separates the radial preload of the spring element from the axial preload of the spring element. Thus, in a first step, the radial preload of the spring element can be achieved by axially pressing it into the cassette. In a second step, the radially preloaded spring element can be inserted into the receptacle with the cassette to also achieve axial preload. Separating these two steps reduces assembly effort, reduces the forces required simultaneously when preloading the spring element, and thus also reduces the risk of damage or assembly errors.

[0047] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig. 1 a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element Fig. 3 a perspective view of a schematic elastic bearing element Fig. 4 a perspective view of a schematic pre-assembly Fig. 5 a perspective view of a spring element Fig. 6 a perspective view of a cassette Fig. 7 a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element with insert elements Fig. 8 a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element with insert elements

[0048] Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element 1 with a longitudinal axis X and a receptacle 10 that accommodates a cassette 20 and an elastomer 42 with an axially preloaded stud 43 and a central stud 46. The receptacle 10 forms a first axial spring travel limit 11 and a second axial spring travel limit 12. The studs 43 are interrupted by recesses 44. The cassette 20 radially preloads the studs 43. The elastomer 42 is vulcanized onto a bearing core 41. The bearing core 41 has a through-bore 45. An air gap 50 is formed between the central stud 46 and the cassette 20.

[0049] Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element 1 with a cut surface through the central stud 46 of the Fig. 1. The circumferential central stud 46 is vulcanized onto the bearing core 41 and has a through-bore 45. An air gap 50 is formed between the central stud 46 and the cassette 20.

[0050] Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a schematic elastic bearing element 1 with a receptacle 10 which accommodates a cassette 20 with a spring element 40.

[0051] Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a schematic pre-assembly 2, comprising a cassette 20 and a spring element 40. The cassette 20 has a side 21 facing the spring element 40 and a side 22 facing away from the spring element 40. The spring element 40 has a bearing core 41 with vulcanized elastomer 42, wherein the elastomer 42 forms studs 43 that protrude from the bearing core 41. The cassette 20 radially preloads the spring element 40.

[0052] Fig. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a schematic spring element 40 with an elastomer 42 forming studs 43, including a circumferential central stud 46 interrupted by recesses 44. The elastomer 42 is vulcanized onto the bearing core 41.

[0053] Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a schematic cassette 20 with a side 21 facing the spring element and a side 22 facing away from the spring element.

[0054] Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element 1 with a longitudinal axis X and a receptacle 10 that accommodates a cassette 20 and axially preloads an elastomer 42 with a stud 43 and a central stud 46. The receptacle 10 forms a first axial spring travel limit 11 and a second axial spring travel limit 12. The studs 43 are interrupted by recesses 44. The cassette 20 radially preloads the studs 43. The elastomer 42 is vulcanized onto a bearing core 41. Insert elements 47 are embedded in the elastomer 42 between the receptacle 10, cassette 20, and the spring element 40 in the stud 43. The insert element 47 and the elastomer 42 are integrally bonded by vulcanization. The bearing core 41 has a through-bore 45. An air gap 50 is formed between the central stud 46 and the cassette 20.

[0055] Fig. Figure 8 shows a schematic sectional view through an elastic bearing element 1 with a sectional area through the central studs 46 of the Fig. 7. The circumferential central stud 46 is vulcanized to the bearing core 41 and has a through-bore 45. Retaining elements 48 are arranged on the cassette 20. An air gap 50 is formed between the central stud 46 and the cassette 20.

[0056] The invention is not limited to one of the embodiments described above, but can be modified in many ways.

[0057] All features and advantages arising from the claims, the description and the drawings, including design details, spatial arrangements and method steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in a wide variety of combinations. List of reference symbols 1 Elastic bearing element 2 Pre-assembly assembly 10 recordings 11 first axial spring travel limitation 12 second axial spring travel limitation 20 cassettes 21 Spring element facing side 22 Spring element opposite side 40 spring element 41 bearing core 42 Elastomer 43 tunnels 44 recess 45 through hole 46 central studs 47 Insert element 48 Holding element 50 air gap X Longitudinal axis

Claims

[1] Elastic bearing element (1) for supporting loads in a vehicle with a spring element (40), comprising: - a bearing core (41), - an elastomer (42) vulcanized onto the bearing core (41), wherein the elastomer (42) forms at least one stud (43) which projects from the bearing core (41), a cassette (20) which is undersized compared to the spring element (40) and radially preloads the spring element (40), comprising: - a side (21) facing the spring element (40), - a side (22) facing away from the spring element (40), and a receptacle (10) having an insertion opening for inserting the cassette (20), wherein the receptacle (10) has a first axial spring travel limit (11) to a first end face and a second axial spring travel limit (12) to a second end face and the cassette (20) is received in the receptacle (10); wherein the bearing element (1) has a longitudinal axis (X). [2] Elastic bearing element (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the first axial spring travel limitation (11) and the second axial spring travel limitation (12) axially preload the elastomer (42) at least in some areas in the assembled state. [3] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the at least one stud (43) is interrupted by at least one recess (44) in at least one spatial direction. [4] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the bearing element (1) has one spring rate in the axial direction and at least two spring rates in the radial direction and the spring rate in the axial direction is between 20% and 600%, preferably between 100% and 200% of the lower of these at least two spring rates in the radial direction. [5] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the at least one stud (43) of the spring element (40) is compressed by the cassette (20) by 10% to 50% of its radial extent, preferably 10% to 20%. [6] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least one insert element (47) is arranged at contact points between the spring element (40) and the cassette (20) and / or between the spring element (40) and the receptacle (10). [7] Elastic bearing element (1) according to claim 6, characterized by that the at least one insert element (47) has at least one holding element (48) and / or corresponds to at least one holding element (48) of the elastic bearing element (1). [8] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized bythat the at least one insert element (47) is arranged on the edges facing the cassette (20) and / or the outer surfaces of the at least one stud (43) facing the first axial spring travel limitation (11) and / or the second axial spring travel limitation (12). [9] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by that the at least one insert element (47) is embedded in the at least one stud (43). [10] Elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the bearing core (41) is designed in such a way that the bearing core (41), even without vulcanized elastomer (42), has a radial oversize in the axial direction compared to the first axial spring travel limits (11) and / or the second axial spring travel limits (12) and has an undercut in at least one axial direction at least in some regions. [11] Method for assembling an elastic bearing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: a. Radial clamping of a spring element (40) by inserting the spring element (40) into a cassette (20) for producing a pre-assembly (2), b. Inserting the cassette (20) of the pre-assembly unit (2) into a receptacle (10) and thus axially clamping the spring element (40) to produce an elastic bearing element (1).

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