Process for producing a release agent, a release agent and use of the release agent

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a release agent (2), wherein the method comprises at least the following steps: a) providing a reactive mixture comprising a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component which comprises itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, wherein the itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is derivatized at most on one carboxylic acid; b) polymerizing the reactive mixture to form a polymer solution, wherein the polymer solution comprises a polymer which is at least partially dissolved in a solvent and which has the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, wherein the polymer contains the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range of 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight.-%, c) obtaining a release agent (2) comprising the polymer solution, wherein CO2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent by decarboxylation, wherein the decarboxylation is alkali-catalyzed; as well as a release agent (2) and a use of the release agent (2).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an improved release agent, an improved release agent and the use of the release agent.Mineral construction material mixtures, for example comprising concrete, mortar and / or limestone, are used, for example, in the production of buildings, in the construction of tunnels, bridges and support walls or buildings or of individual walls, ceilings, supports or ring anchors, but also in the production of furniture or artificial works.For this purpose, flowable or plastic mineral construction material mixtures are introduced into shaped elements, preferably into formworks, which specify the shape of a mineral shaped body to be obtained therefrom. The shaped elements, preferably formworks, are typically removed again after solidification and / or hardening.In order to achieve a non-destructive separation between the construction material mixture and the shaped element, preferably the formwork, it is possible to arrange a separating agent on at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably on at least one surface of the formwork, before said separating agent is contacted with a flowable or plastic construction material mixture, for example fresh concrete. The parting agent reduces the adhesion between the construction material mixture and the shaped element, preferably formwork, and prevents damage to the mineral shaped body and the at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably the at least one surface of the formwork.The at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably of the formwork, can be designed to be absorbent and / or non-absorbent or can be provided in this way. The one at least one suction surface of the shaped element, preferably of the formwork, can be based on biogenic materials, in particular wood. Furthermore, the at least one surface, in particular a suction surface, can be provided in a rough manner, in particular saw-rough, planed, flamed and / or blasted manner.Alternatively, the at least one non-absorbent surface of the shaped element, preferably of the formwork, can consist of metal, in particular steel, tempered wood, plastic, in particular tempered plastic, and / or a structural die. Furthermore, the at least one surface, in particular a non-absorbing surface, can be, for example, heated or unheated, and / or filmed and / or coated with a plastic and / or rubber, or combinations thereof.Various separating agents are known from the prior art. These can be present, for example, in the form of water-insoluble formwork oils, formwork pastes, formwork waxes, chemically reacting release agents or release agent emulsions. Typically, release agents contain at least one oil component. Oil components are understood to mean different classes of substances or mixtures thereof. These classes of substances can comprise, for example, mineral oils, waxes or fats and derivatives thereof. The oil component usually forms the predominant proportion, based on the weight of the separating agent, before being arranged on the shaped element, preferably on the formwork.Release agents which are present in the form of an aqueous emulsion typically have, in addition to the oil component, emulsifiers, for example ionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants, which distribute the oil component in an aqueous solvent in the form of droplets.The separating agents known from the prior art have various disadvantages. Thus, mineral oils have insufficient biodegradability as an oil component. In addition, release agents which have at least one oil component or emulsifiers are typically classified as hazardous to water and thus have low environmental compatibility.Furthermore, hydrolysis of the oil component or emulsifiers by alkaline constituents of the mineral building material mixture can lead to unintentional precipitation of calcium soaps. This in turn leads to setting disorders and structural disorders of the mineral construction material mixture and results in a defect pattern which is referred to as sanding. During further processing of the mineral construction material mixture, sanding causes adhesion problems, for example in the adhesion of paints or renders.Furthermore, in the case of release agents in the form of aqueous emulsions, re-emulsification can result from emulsifiers used at an interface to alkaline mineral construction material mixtures. In this case, the release agent penetrates at least partially into the surface formed by the mineral construction material mixture. The penetrated release agent can lead to problems during the adhesion of paints or renders during a later further processing.In the case of parting agents which have at least one oil component, a greater amount of cleaning effort is required for the mineral shaped body or the shaped element, preferably the formwork, after the deshelling. This is because they can only be removed without residue with water with difficulty. In addition, oil components of the release agent can discolor the surface of the mineral shaped body and thus undesirably influence or deteriorate the visual appearance.JP S6176321 A describes a mold releasing agent for concrete.JP S5013422 A describes a plywood protective layer composition for a concrete form.It is now an object of the invention to provide a process for producing an improved release agent, an improved release agent and the use of the improved release agent, wherein the release agent has good environmental compatibility and good release properties.The object is achieved by a method for producing a release agent according to any of claims 1 to 33, wherein the method comprises at least the following steps, wherein in particular the steps are carried out in the stated order: a) providing a reactive mixture comprising a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprising itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, preferably consisting thereof, wherein the itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is derivatized at most to a carboxylic acid, b) polymerizing the reactive mixture to form a polymer solution, wherein the polymer solution comprises a polymer at least partially dissolved in a solvent, which comprises the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, wherein the polymer comprises the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range from 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight, c) obtaining a release agent comprising the polymer solution, wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent by decarboxylation, wherein the decarboxylation is catalyzed with alkali.The object is further achieved by a release agent according to claim 34, wherein the release agent, in particular produced by the method of one of claims 1 to 33, has a polymer at least partially dissolved in a solvent, wherein the polymer has a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprising itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, wherein the itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is derivatized at most to a carboxylic acid, wherein the polymer has the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range from 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight, and wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent by decarboxylation, wherein the decarboxylation is catalyzed alkali.The object is further achieved by claim 35 through the use of a release agent produced according to any of claims 1 to 33 in the production of mineral shaped bodies, wherein the release agent is arranged on at least one surface of a shaped element, preferably on at least one surface of a formwork, and is contacted with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture, wherein the mineral construction material mixture comprises water and at least one mineral binder, and wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent by decarboxylation.It is further possible to provide a method for producing mineral shaped bodies, wherein the release agent produced according to any of Claims 1 to 33 is arranged on at least one surface of a shaped element, preferably on at least one surface of a formwork, which is contacted with a mineral construction material mixture.The present process makes it possible to provide a release agent which comprises an at least partially dissolved polymer. However, the release agent according to the invention does not require any further emulsifiers or oil components. By eliminating these emulsifiers or oil components in the release agent according to the invention, the disadvantages already mentioned above which release agents can have are avoided. Moreover, any waste disposal costs that may arise are thereby reduced.A further advantage is that the polymer at least partially dissolved in the release agent according to the invention can be produced on the basis of biological raw materials, in contrast to the release agents known in the prior art. In other words, the amount of the petroleum-based monomers can be reduced. Thus, for example, itaconic acid used as monomer can be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation of molasses or can be synthesized from pyruvic acid. This results in a more durable product. Because of the availability of the raw materials, a release agent comprising the polymer can also be produced cost-effectively.The polymer comprised by the release agent comprises at least itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives. By applying the release agent, for example by a spraying method, brush method or roller method, a layer is formed on the at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork. By means of preferably ionically catalyzed decarboxylation, the molecular structure of the polymer can change. Alternatively or additionally, decarboxylation of the polymer may be thermally initiated. Decarboxylation is understood to mean the elimination of carbon dioxide (CO 2). In particular, the CO 2 is cleaved from the itaconic acid comprised by the polymer, in particular with formation of a lactone and / or cleavage of a carboxylic acid.In the following reaction equation (1), a possible reaction route of decarboxylation of polyitaconic acid (left) is shown and the resulting release of CO 2( right). By the reaction, the possible product (on the right) has a ring closure within the molecule: The release agent according to the invention prevents interactions between the mineral construction material mixture and the shaped element, preferably the formwork. Furthermore, after the deshelling, the release agent leaves no or only small residues behind on the surface of the shaped element, preferably on the surface of the formwork, or on the mineral shaped body. Any residues on the surface can be removed by using only water, i.e. without using surfactants, solvents or chemical cleaners, and a conventional wipe.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.In step a), the reactive mixture is provided which comprises a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component. The carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprises and / or consists of itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives. Step a) is carried out at the beginning of the method. The composition of the constituents of the reactive mixture is selected such that the sum of the constituents amounts to 100% by weight (% by weight=per cent by weight), based on the total weight of the reactive mass.Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component of the reactive mixture comprises and / or is provided with at least one further carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, besides itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, which is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid, individually or in combination.Preferred derivatives of itaconic acid of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component are the anhydride of itaconic acid, the methoxy ester of itaconic acid and / or ethoxy ester of itaconic acid. The itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is at most derivatized with a carboxylic acid and is present, for example, as itaconic acid monoester.It is possible that the proportion of monomer of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or is selected from a range from 10 wt % to 60 wt %, preferably from 20 wt % to 50 wt %, more preferably from 30 wt % to 40 wt %.Preferably, "carboxylic acid-containing" is understood to mean that a molecule, for example a monomer, is present which contains at least one functional unit of the -COOH type.Preferably, "non-carboxylic acid containing" is understood to mean that a molecule, for example a monomer, is present which does not contain a functional unit of the -COOH type. This definition therefore includes, for example, not only unsaturated hydrocarbons and / or unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons but also, for example, carboxylates and carboxylic acid derivatives.Preferably, "soluble" is understood to mean that a salt or molecule, for example a monomer or a polymer, has a solubility of at least 60 g / l under standard climates in the equilibrium state in the solvent present. If a molecule has a lower solubility under standard climates in the equilibrium state, this is understood to be "insoluble". If the solubility is based on a solvent in the form of water, the salt or molecule, for example a monomer or polymer, can be "water-soluble". By "water-soluble" is thus preferably meant that a salt or molecule, for example a monomer or a polymer, has a solubility of at least 60 g / l under standard climates in the equilibrium state in water. If a molecule has a lower water solubility under standard climates in the equilibrium state, this is understood to be "water-insoluble". A standard climate is understood to mean a temperature of 20° C. and an air pressure of 1 bar.It is possible for the reactive mixture to have at least one noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component or to be provided with it. Preferably, the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, alone or in combination, is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, esters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, terpenes, preferably myrcene, styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl ether and / or combinations thereof. Preferably, the non-carboxylic acid containing monomer component is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, terpenes or combinations thereof. More preferably, the non-carboxylic acid containing monomer component is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of itaconic acid, terpenes or combinations thereof.The proportion of monomer of the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component based on the total mass of the reactive mixture is preferably and / or is selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from more than 0% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 15% by weight.It is possible for the noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component to comprise at least 80% by weight, preferably 100% by weight, of water-soluble monomers.It is possible that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent comprise and / or consist of biogenic constituents and / or are provided therewith.Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent are biodegradable. The carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent may be compostable.By "biodegradable" is meant the decomposition of a chemical compound or an organic material, for example the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the separating agent, by microorganisms, for example fungi and / or bacteria, in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and salts of other elements present (mineralization) and in particular biomass, or in the absence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts, and in particular biomass.By "compostable" is meant in particular that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the separating agent is degraded during the compostation by biological processes during the compostation into carbon dioxide, water, salts of other elements present and in particular biomass at a rate which corresponds to that of other known compostable materials and, in particular in addition to the biomass, does not leave visible, recognizable and / or toxic residues. In particular, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent satisfies DIN EN 13432:2000-12 (date of edition: 12.2000, "Packaging-requirements for the utilization of packaging by composting and biodegradation-test scheme and evaluation criteria for the classification of packaging; German version EN 13432:2000") and / or the Australian standard AS 4736:2006 (date of edition: 2006, "Biodegradable plastics - Biodegradable plastics suitable for compounding and other microbial treatment") and / or the U.S. standard ASTM D6400 (date of edition: 05.1999, "Standard Specification for Compostable Plastic") and / or the ISO standard ISO17088:2008 (date of edition: 06.2012, "Specifications for compostable plastics").The stated standards comprise chemical testing and disclosure of all ingredients. In particular, the separating agent, preferably polymer, hereby maintains respective limit values for heavy metals. In addition, it is detectable for the release agent, preferably polymer, that at least 90 wt % of the organic material is converted into CO 2 in 180 days (or at least 60 wt % according to ASTM D6400). It is further possible that after 12 weeks of composting in industrial and / or semiinustrian composting conditions and subsequent screening through a screen with a 2 mm mesh width, the dry matter of the separating agent, preferably polymer, remains not more than 10% by weight, based on the original initial weight. In particular, no adverse effects on the composting process may take place. An economy analysis is preferably finally to be carried out, wherein for a positive result no negative effect of resulting composts on the plant growth compared to further composts (agricultural test) may be apparent.It is possible for the reactive mixture to comprise or be provided with a solvent, preferably an organic solvent, which is selected individually or as mixtures from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, 2-butanone (MEK), acetate, in particular ethyl acetate and lactyl acetate. The organic solvent is miscible with water under standard climates, preferably miscible with water in a 1:1 ratio.Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the reactive mixture to have a solvent comprising and / or consisting of water and / or to be provided therewith. Preferably, the solvent of the reactive mixture is water.It is possible for the reactive mixture to have a pH value which is selected from a range from 3 to 14, preferably from 5 to 12, more preferably from 6 to 9, and / or to be provided therewith. By the above pH, the solubility of the monomer and / or the polymer in the solvent is increased and the polymerization is promoted. It is possible that the reactive mixture comprises dissolved hydroxides of the alkali metals of main group 1 of the periodic table, preferably NaOH and / or KOH.It is possible that the proportion of the solvent, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or is selected from a range from 10 wt % to 90 wt %, preferably from 30 wt % to 80 wt %, more preferably from 40 wt % to 60 wt %.Solvent is understood to mean a medium in which the further constituents of the reactive mixture, of the polymer solution and / or of the separating agent are diluted. Preferably, the solvent is not consumed in the reaction of the components of the reactive mixture to form the polymer of the polymer solution. Preferably, a solvent has a boiling point of at most 200° C. An organic solvent is understood to mean a solvent which has at least one carbon atom in its molecular structure.The reactive mixture preferably comprises an initiator, preferably an initiator for a radical polymerization, and / or is provided therewith.It is possible that the proportion of initiator, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or becomes from a range of from 0.05 wt % to 2.5 wt %, preferably from 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt %, more preferably from 0.5 wt % to 1.2 wt %.Preferably, the initiator is and / or is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, peroxides or mixtures thereof.Additive is understood to mean a constituent which is added in order to have a defined effect and / or to impart a property to a mixture, composition and / or solution, for example, wherein the additive has a proportion of 1.5% by weight or less, in each case based on the total weight of the mixture, composition or solution. The initiator, the solvent, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer obtained therefrom are not understood as an additive.The use of additives can improve the processability of the reactive mixture, of the polymer and / or of the release agent. This further increases the resistance of the release agent or of a layer obtained therefrom to mechanical and chemical influences.Preferably, a reactive mixture suitable for the method according to the invention has the following composition and / or is provided therewith, wherein the details of the individual constituents are in each case based on the total mass of the reactive mixture and wherein the constituents are selected such that they yield in total 100% by weight: <row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>10 Wt. %-60 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 30 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>10 Wt. %-90 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,05 Wt.% - 2.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>20 Wt. %-50 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-20 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>30 Wt. %-80 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,1 Wt.% - 1.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Still more preferably:< / cell><cell / >< / row><row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>30 Wt. %-40 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-15 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>40 Wt. %-60 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,5 Wt% - 1.2 wt%.< / cell>< / row><p xml:id="_a0c6c30121" n="0052">In step b), a polymer solution is obtained from the reactive mixture provided in step a). The polymer solution comprises a polymer which comprises at least the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in particular the monomer components of the reactive mixture provided in step a). The polymer has at least itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives as monomer unit, in particular as carboxylic acid-containing monomer unit. Furthermore, the polymer solution comprises a solvent. The polymer is at least partially dissolved in the solvent, preferably in the form of water. It is possible for the polymer to be present dissolved in the solvent, preferably in the form of water, to an extent of at least 30 g / l, preferably to an extent of at least 60 g / l, under standard climates in the equilibrium state in the solvent, preferably in the form of water. Step b) is preferably carried out after step a).<p xml:id="_a0c6c30122" n="0053">It is possible that step b) is carried out at a temperature of the reactive mixture selected from a range from 20° C. to 110° C., preferably from 40° C. and 85° C., more preferably from 50° C. to 70° C.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30123" n="0054">It is possible that in step b) the solvent of the reactive mixture after the polymer has been obtained is separated off, for example selected from the group consisting of filtration, aspiration, evaporation, vacuum drying, exposure to IR radiation, or freezing out or combinations thereof. Furthermore, it is then possible for the polymer to be fed to a further solvent. In other words, it is possible that the solvent of the reactive mixture is a different solvent compared to the solvent of the polymer solution.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30124" n="0055">Preferably, the solvent of the polymer solution comprises water and / or consists essentially thereof. In particular, the polymer is water-soluble.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30125" n="0056">The polymer has, in particular before decarboxylation, the monomer component containing carboxylic acid, preferably itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, more preferably itaconic acid, selected from a range from 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight, preferably from 40% by weight to 99.95% by weight, more preferably from 55% by weight to 99.95% by weight. Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component consists of itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, preferably itaconic acid.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30126" n="0057">It is possible that the polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, has the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 75% by weight, preferably from 0% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably from 0% by weight to 45% by weight.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30127" n="0058">In particular, the polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, comprises the initiator selected from a range from 0.05% by weight to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% by weight to 1.1% by weight.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30128" n="0059">The polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, preferably has a number average molar mass value selected from a range from 500 g / mol to 500,000 g / mol, preferably from 750 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol, more preferably from 1000 g / mol to 50,000 g / mol, even more preferably from 1500 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30129" n="0060">It is possible that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprising the polymer comprises, in addition to itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, at least one further carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, individually or in combination. The proportion of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in particular itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, in the polymer, based on the total mass of the polymer, is selected in particular from the range from 2.5% by weight to 100% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably from 10% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular before decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30130" n="0061">The polymer preferably has at least one noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component, the component or derivatives of which, individually or in combination, is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, esters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, terpenes, myrcene, styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl ethers. The proportion of the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component based on the total mass of the polymer is preferably selected from the range from more than 0% by weight to 97.5% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably from 15% by weight to 85% by weight, in particular before decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30131" n="0062">The polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, may have a glass transition temperature value selected from a range from -20° C. to 110° C., preferably from -20° C. to 50° C., more preferably from -10° C. to 25° C.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30132" n="0063">In step c), a release agent is obtained. The separating agent comprises the polymer solution comprising the polymer obtained in step b). The release agent, preferably the polymer, is preferably present before its use, i.e. before it is arranged as a layer on at least one surface of a shaped element, preferably on at least one surface of a formwork, in a state in which decarboxylation has not yet taken place and is at least partially decarboxylateable. CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> is released from the polymer of the release agent during or after use of the release agent.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30134" n="0064">Decarboxylation cleaves and releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> from the polymer. The amount of polymer released is dependent on the polymer structure. It is possible for CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> to be liberated at least partially from the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, preferably itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivative, by decarboxylation. It is possible here for the length of the polymer chains and / or the polymer mass to be reduced.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30137" n="0065">The release agent preferably releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> after and / or during contacting with a mineral building material mixture. Further preferably, the release agent releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> during an at least partial solidification and / or curing of the contacted mineral building material mixture. The construction material mixture is in particular flowable or plastically deformable. The construction material mixture further comprises water and at least one mineral binder. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for the release agent, preferably polymer, to release and / or decarboxylate the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> after arranging on at least one surface of a shaped element, preferably a formwork, preferably before it is contacted with the mineral construction material mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30141" n="0066">Decarboxylation of the release agent, in particular of the polymer, is preferably initiated by contacting the release agent with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30142" n="0067">Alternatively or additionally, the separating agent can be contacted, preferably sprayed and / or covered, with a liquid volume which has the above anions and / or cations and is alkaline.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30143" n="0068">It is possible that, in particular as a first possible mode of action of the released CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>, by the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> a porous matrix of a mineral shaped body is produced at the contact point of the mineral building material mixture and the surface of the shaped element, preferably of the formwork, on which the separating agent is arranged.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30146" n="0069">In addition, it is possible that the decarboxylation of the polymer reduces the chain length and / or polymer mass of the polymer. This makes it possible for the water-soluble fractions of the polymer in particular to diffuse into the mineral construction material mixture. Preferably, the water-soluble portions of the polymer can promote the formation of the porous matrix in the mineral shaped body.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30147" n="0070">The porous matrix of the mineral shaped body obtained has a lower strength compared to the standard strength of the mineral construction material mixture. The adhesive force between formwork and concrete is thus reduced, so that the mineral shaped body can easily be deshelled. The standard strength or compressive strength can be assigned to different concrete strength classes, wherein, depending on requirements, a different strength class and, accordingly, a different compressive strength result therefrom.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30148" n="0071">Alternatively or additionally, it is possible, in particular as a second mode of action of the released CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>, for the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> to react to carbon dioxide at the surface of the mineral construction material mixture. The carbonic acid can react in particular in the liquid volume of Ca(OH) <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> present dissolved in pores of the mineral construction material mixture, calcium carbonate precipitating out. The above reaction is preferably referred to as carbonation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30152" n="0072">The above, in particular a second, mode of operation can be described by the substeps shown in equations (2), (3) and (4). Equation (5) summarizes the substeps: Ca(OH) <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> ⇄ Ca <hi rend="superscript">2+< / hi>+ 2 OH <hi rend="superscript">-< / hi>(2) CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>+ H <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> O ⇄ H <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> CO <hi rend="subscript">3< / hi>(3) Ca(OH) <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>+ H <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> CO <hi rend="subscript">3< / hi> ⇄ CaCO<hi rend="subscript">3< / hi>+2H<hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>O (4) Ca(OH)<hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>+CO<hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>⇄ CaCO<hi rend="subscript">3< / hi>+H<hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>O (5)<p xml:id="_a0c6c30169" n="0073">Calcium hydroxide has a larger volume compared to calcium carbonate, wherein in particular an increase in volume of 11% can result. This makes it possible for the pore volume of the mineral building material mixture to be reduced. It is further possible for an interface to be obtained between the surface of the shaped element, preferably formwork, which interface has a more uniform and / or smoother surface than the mineral building material mixture before the carbonation. In other words, a type of stone skin is formed. Preferably, the contact area between the mineral construction material mixture and the surface of the shaped element, preferably of the formwork, can be reduced, which improves the separation of the shaped element, preferably formwork, from the mineral shaped body.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30170" n="0074">The principle of action of the release agent is thus based in particular on the released CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>. The CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> can generate a porous matrix in the mineral building material mixture on the surface of the mineral building material mixture facing the molding element as described above and / or reduce the pore volume and generate a smoother interface. In this case, the separating agent preferably leaves no residues on the surface of the shaped element, preferably on the surface of the formwork. Should residues remain, they can be removed mechanically with water and a conventional wipe. It is possible that all of the described modes of action of the released CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> are present during the production of a mineral shaped body and / or that one of the modes of action is preferably present. For example, it is possible for the porous matrix to be obtained on the side of the smoother boundary surface facing the shaped element, preferably formwork, as a result of which a particularly good separating effect is achieved.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30174" n="0075">In particular, the flowable or plastically deformable construction material mixture comprises at least one constituent which catalyzes decarboxylation. Decarboxylation is catalyzed alkali. It is possible that decarboxylation is thermally catalyzed.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30175" n="0076">The flowable or plastically deformable construction material mixture preferably has bivalent or polyvalent cations of at least one metal, wherein the at least one metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Fe, Co, or mixtures thereof. The cations are preferably present in the form of water-soluble salts.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30176" n="0077">The inventors have surprisingly found that in the presence of bivalent or polyvalent cations decarboxylation and liberation of CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> can be carried out particularly well. Preferably, two or more polyvalent cations can catalyze decarboxylation of the polymer, preferably itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives. The presence of alkali metals of main group 1 of the periodic table, such as sodium or potassium, and other monovalent ions, such as ammonium, for example in an alkaline solution, do not have any substantial influence on decarboxylation. It is possible that corresponding salts of itaconic acid are formed which have a higher water solubility compared to itaconic acid. In other words, the release agent is stable to alkali metals of main group 1 of the periodic table, since these do not initiate decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30178" n="0078">By "alkaline" is meant preferably that the flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture and / or a solution has a pH selected from a range from 8 to 14, preferably from 10 to 14, more preferably from 12 to 14.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30179" n="0079">The mineral construction material mixture preferably comprises concrete, mortar, limestone, silicate ceramic or a combination thereof, or consists thereof. Preferably, the at least one mineral binder comprises a hydraulic binder, a non-hydraulic binder, or a mixture thereof. It is further possible that the at least one mineral binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate hydrates, cement, lime, clay, gypsum, clay, magnesia binder and combinations thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30180" n="0080">A process for producing a mineral shaped body in which the release agent can be used has at least the following substeps, which are carried out in particular in the sequence stated:<list xml:id="_a0c6c30181" type="bulleted"><item>i) providing at least one shaped element, preferably a formwork, having at least one surface on which the parting agent according to the invention and / or parting agent obtained by the method according to the invention in step c) is arranged in the form of a layer,< / item><item>ii) applying a flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture comprising water and at least one mineral binder to the at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably the formwork, coated with the release agent,< / item><item>iii) at least partial solidification of the mineral building material mixture to obtain a dimensionally stable, mineral green body, and hardening of the mineral building material mixture, preferably of the dimensionally stable, mineral green body,< / item><item>iv) removing the shaped element, preferably the formwork, from the mineral building material mixture and obtaining a mineral shaped body.< / item>< / list><p xml:id="_a0c6c30186" n="0081">Preferably, the release agent cleaves CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> from the polymer structure after step i), in step ii) and / or in step iii).<p xml:id="_a0c6c30188" n="0082">The separating means is preferably arranged on the at least one surface of the forming element, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork, by a method selected from the group consisting of spraying methods, brushing methods or rolling methods or combinations thereof. Preferably, the separating means is arranged over the full surface on the at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork. The release agent is preferably arranged over the entire surface of all surfaces of the shaped element, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork which are contacted with the mineral construction material mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30189" n="0083">The application quantity of the release agent is preferably selected from a range from 50 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 400 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, preferably from 100 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 250 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, more preferably from 125 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 175 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, based on a non-sucking formwork.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30196" n="0084">The release agent can act as a release agent in the form of a layer independently of a moisture content of the release agent, i.e. has a releasing effect. In other words, decarboxylation of the release agent, preferably polymer, can take place independently of the moisture content of the release agent and / or the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> can be released from the release agent, preferably polymer, independently of the moisture content. As a result, the release agent can act in the dry state as well as in the moist state.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30198" n="0085">The dry state is understood to mean a dry layer, preferably after the arrangement, which preferably comprises a proportion of constituents having a boiling point of less than 110° C., selected from a range from 0% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably from 0% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably from 0% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the total mass of the constituents of the layer. Drying is preferably carried out until the constituents of the layer are constant in mass. The moist state is understood to mean the release agent before use, preferably as provided in step c), wherein the release agent comprises the polymer solution.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30199" n="0086">Preferably, the release agent has an indicator or is provided therewith, whereby the release agent in the dry state has a different color impression compared to the moist state.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30200" n="0087">The release agent thus has a different color impression before use, comprising the polymer solution, compared to a dry layer. For example, it is possible that the indicator has a color impression in the moist state of the release agent and the indicator is colorless in the dry state of the release agent. In the dry state, the indicator is thus preferably not recognizable to a viewer.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30201" n="0088">A suitable indicator is preferably selected from one or more leuco dyes.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30202" n="0089">The indicator offers the advantage that when arranging the layer on the at least one surface of the shaped element, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork, it is possible to identify where the separating agent has already been arranged. This allows a particularly uniform application.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30203" n="0090">It is possible for the release agent to comprise and / or be provided with a flow additive, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 7.5% by weight, even more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 5.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent. The flow additive allows for the formation of uniform films and layers.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30204" n="0091">The total weight of the release agent is understood to mean the moist state and / or the total weight of the release agent with which the release agent is obtained in step c) and before use thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30205" n="0092">It is also possible for the release agent to comprise a thickener and / or be provided therewith, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 2% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight, even more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.2% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent. The thickener enables uniform layer thickness of the layer even on vertical surfaces.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30206" n="0093">The separating agent of step c) comprises the polymer solution of step b). The release agent preferably comprises the polymer solution selected from a range from 0.01 wt % to 100 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 50 wt %, more preferably from 0.01 wt % to 20 wt % and / or is provided in this way, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30207" n="0094">The separating agent of step c) comprises in particular the polymer solution of step b). In a preferred embodiment, the polymer solution preferably comprises the polymer selected from a range from 0.005 wt % to 50 wt %, preferably from 0.005 wt % to 25 wt %, more preferably from 0.005 wt % to 10 wt % and / or is provided in this way, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30208" n="0095">Preferably, the solvent comprises the separating agent water and / or consists essentially thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30209" n="0096">The release agent preferably comprises solvents, preferably in the form of water, selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 99.99% by weight, preferably from 50% by weight to 99.99% by weight, more preferably from 80% by weight to 99.99% by weight, and / or is provided therewith, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30210" n="0097">A release agent according to the invention preferably has the following composition and / or is provided therewith, wherein the details of the individual constituents are in each case based on the total weight of the release agent and / or with which it is provided, and wherein the constituents are selected such that they give a total of 100% by weight:<title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-100 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-10 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-2 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-50 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>50 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt.-% - 7.5 wt.-%,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt.% - 1.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Still more preferably:< / cell><cell / >< / row><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-20 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>80 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 5.5 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt% - 1.2 wt%.< / cell>< / row><p xml:id="_a0c6c30271" n="0098">The dynamic viscosity is and / or is preferably selected from a range from 1 mPas to 300 Pas, preferably from 2 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 3 mPas to 150 mPas, even more preferably from 3 mPas to 100 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30272" n="0099">In particular, when arranged on a vertical surface, the release agent has a dynamic viscosity selected from a range of 50 mPas to 300 mPas, preferably from 75 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 100 mPas to 150 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30273" n="0100">In particular when applied to a horizontal surface, the release agent has a dynamic viscosity selected from a range from 1 mPas to 300 mPas, preferably from 2 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 3 mPas to 100 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30274" n="0101">The dynamic viscosity is in each case preferably determined by the method described in DIN EN ISO 2884-1:2006-09 (date of edition: 2006-09, "Coating materials-Determination of the viscosity with rotational viscometers-Part 1: Cone-plate viscometer at a high speed gradient (ISO 2884-1:1999); German version EN ISO 2884-1:2006") by means of a rotational viscometer, in particular using a cone-plate viscometer from Fa. Thermo Scientific, model Haake Mars 60 with a cone-plate measurement geometry.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30275" n="0102">The conical plate viscometer is a measuring device for determining the viscosity, in particular dynamic viscosity, and essentially comprises a measuring head and a stationary receptacle for a medium to be measured. In addition, an upper temperature control module and a measuring axis are located in the measuring head for receiving a rotor, wherein the rotor is designed for receiving different conical plates. A cone plate is essentially a round measuring plate, in the center of which a small tip is arranged. The cone diameter is generally 24 mm with a cone angle of 0.5° (+ / - 2'), in particular from the tip to the measuring plate. Furthermore, a lower temperature control module is located in the stationary receptacle. The upper and lower temperature control modules ensure that the rotor and the medium to be measured have the same temperature. The medium to be measured is introduced into the stationary receptacle. The stationary receptacle may comprise a plate. The conical plate rests on the medium forming a certain gap dimension and can thus move freely in the medium. The gap dimension is understood to mean the distance from the tip of the conical plate to the lower stationary receptacle. Conical plate viscometers operate with an electric motor that drives the conical plate at constant speed so that its tip contacts a rigid temperature controlled plate. The torque can be measured mechanically or electronically. For routine measurement of viscosity at high velocity drops, cone plate viscometers are frequently used. The apparatus is designed so that the unit consisting of cone plate and motor can be easily lifted, first when the test liquid is applied to the plate, and later to allow thorough cleaning after each measurement. When the liquid, preferably the medium to be measured, is used, it fills only the small gap between the plate and the cone. The conical plate viscometer preferably operates at a speed of 750 U / min (+ / - 10 U / min) in a viscosity range from 0 Pas to 1 Pas. In this case, the medium to be measured is preferably tested at a shear rate of 9000 s <hi rend="superscript">-1< / hi> to 12000 s <hi rend="superscript">-1< / hi>. Specifically, the above data give a shear rate of 9000 s <hi rend="superscript">-1< / hi>. The velocity gradient must be equal when comparing the viscosities of coating materials. In particular, unless otherwise agreed, the determination must be performed at (23±0.2) °C. The value obtained gives information about the resistance of the substance, in particular of the release agent, during application by brushing, spraying and rolling.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30279" n="0103">The surface of the mineral shaped body contacted by the release agent after the at least partial solidification and / or curing of the mineral shaped body is preferably designed such that the surface area of the lunné, based on the total surface area, is less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, particularly preferably less than 1.5%.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30280" n="0104">A mineral shaped body is considered to have at least partially solidified if it has reached at least 50% of its standard strength. A mineral shaped body, for example based on cement glue, preferably solidifies over a period of twelve hours. A mineral shaped body is preferably at least partially hardened when it has reached 95% of its standard strength. Concrete curing takes place over several days. During the curing phase, for example, cement glue is converted into cement stone in concrete or mortar. Under normal temperature and humidity conditions, cement preferably reaches standard strength after 28 days.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30281" n="0105">Voids are understood to mean holes, air inclusions and / or flaws in the surface of the mineral shaped body, preferably when viewed perpendicularly to the plane formed by the shaped body surface. Voids can arise, for example, by applying the release agent too thick or by the release agent penetrating into the molded body.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30282" n="0106">A desired shaped body surface is distinguished in that the smallest possible number of voids and / or the smallest possible voids are present. The number and size of the voids can be considered and analyzed as a quality indicator for the molded article surface.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30283" n="0107">Determination of the projected area of lunkernel is performed as follows. A shaped element, preferably a formwork, in the form of a plastic cube with an edge length of 150 mm is provided. On the surfaces of the shaped element, preferably on the surfaces of the formwork, the separating agent is arranged with a spray gun and an application weight of 150 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> and then dried.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30285" n="0108">As a mineral construction material mixture, 1935 g gravel (fraction: 2 mm to 8 mm), 2565 g sand (fraction: 0 mm to 2 mm) and 900 g CEM II / A-LL 42.5 N (Portland limestone cement) are mixed with one another and this mixture is stirred with 450 g water to form a homogeneous concrete mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30286" n="0109">The concrete is then filled into the shaped element, preferably into the formwork. The fill height is preferably at least 9 cm. For analysis, the side parts, i.e. the vertical surfaces of the mineral shaped body, but not the bottom side, i.e. the horizontal surface, of the mineral shaped body are used.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30287" n="0110">To determine the size and number of voids, the image processing program Fiji (version ImageJ 1.53c) is used. In a first step, an image of the surface to be analyzed is recorded. Preferably, the photographed area is at least 15 cm x 9 cm. An inner partial surface is then created from the photographed surface by removing at least 2 cm from the edge at least at each edge of the photographed surface. Edge effects, such as, for example, chips or voids located at the edge, are thereby excluded from the analysis. The inner partial surface is preferably at least 7 cm x 7 cm.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30288" n="0111">In the image processing program, a binary color image is first formed from the inner partial surface. Subsequently, the color values of the image are set such that the closed area, i.e., the blank-free area, is monochromatic and the blanks are displayed colorless. The image processing program then determines area fractions of the colorless fractions, i.e. the total area of all voids. The area of the voids is based on the total area, preferably on the inner partial area, and is stated in percent.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30289" n="0112">The release agent in particular does not comprise polychlorinated biphenyls. The release agent does not include and / or is provided without a dispersion additive and / or emulsion additive. It is possible that the polymer has an emulsifying effect.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30290" n="0113">The separating agent does not comprise and / or is provided without refined oils and / or fats, biogenic oils and / or fats. The carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and optionally the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component of step a) and the polymer obtained in step b) are not understood as refined oils and / or fats, biogenic oils and / or fats.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30291" n="0114">Of course, the above-mentioned features of matter can also be equivalently applied in a method or stated features of a product.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30292" n="0115">The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to a plurality of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the attached drawings. The exemplary embodiments shown are therefore not to be understood as restrictive.<list xml:id="_a0c6c30293" type="bulleted"><item> FIG. 1 schematically shows the method for producing a release agent< / item><item> FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the application of the separating agent.< / item>< / list><p xml:id="_a0c6c30296" n="0116"> FIG. 1 schematically shows a method for producing the release agent 2 according to the invention.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30297" n="0117">In step a) of FIG. 1, the reactive mixture is provided which has a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, wherein this carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprises and / or consists of itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives. Step a) is carried out at the beginning of the method. The composition of the constituents of the reactive mixture is selected such that the sum of the constituents amounts to 100% by weight (% by weight=per cent by weight), based on the total weight of the reactive mass.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30298" n="0118">Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component of the reactive mixture according to FIG. 1 comprises and / or is provided with at least one further carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in addition to itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, which is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid, individually or in combination.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30299" n="0119">Preferred derivatives of itaconic acid of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component are the anhydride of itaconic acid, the methoxy ester of itaconic acid and / or ethoxy ester of itaconic acid. The itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is at most derivatized with a carboxylic acid and is present, for example, as itaconic acid monoester.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30300" n="0120">It is possible that the proportion of monomer of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or is selected from a range from 10 wt % to 60 wt %, preferably from 20 wt % to 50 wt %, more preferably from 30 wt % to 40 wt %.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30301" n="0121">It is possible that the reactive mixture according to the method of FIG. 1 comprises or is provided with at least one non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component which is selected individually or in combination from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, esters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, terpenes, preferably myrcene, styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl ether and / or combinations thereof. Preferably, the non-carboxylic acid containing monomer component is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, terpenes or combinations thereof. More preferably, the non-carboxylic acid containing monomer component is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and its derivatives, esters of itaconic acid, terpenes or combinations thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30302" n="0122">The proportion of monomer of the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component based on the total mass of the reactive mixture is preferably and / or is selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from more than 0% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 15% by weight.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30303" n="0123">It is possible for the noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component to comprise at least 80% by weight, preferably 100% by weight, of water-soluble monomers.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30304" n="0124">It is possible that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent 2 comprise and / or consist of biogenic constituents and / or are provided therewith.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30305" n="0125">Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent 2 are biodegradable. The carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the polymer and / or the release agent 2 may be compostable.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30306" n="0126">It is possible that the reactive mixture according to the method of FIG. 1 comprises or is provided with a solvent, preferably an organic solvent, which is selected individually or as mixtures from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, 2-butanone (MEK), acetate, in particular ethyl acetate and lactyl acetate. The organic solvent is miscible with water under standard climates, preferably miscible with water in a 1:1 ratio.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30307" n="0127">Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the reactive mixture to have a solvent and / or be provided therewith which comprises and / or consists of water. Preferably, the solvent of the reactive mixture is water.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30308" n="0128">It is possible for the reactive mixture to have a pH value which is selected from a range from 3 to 14, preferably from 5 to 12, more preferably from 6 to 9, and / or to be provided therewith. It is possible that the reactive mixture comprises dissolved hydroxides of the alkali metals of main group 1 of the periodic table, preferably NaOH and / or KOH.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30309" n="0129">It is possible that the proportion of the solvent, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or is selected from a range from 10 wt % to 90 wt %, preferably from 30 wt % to 80 wt %, more preferably from 40 wt % to 60 wt %.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30310" n="0130">Preferably, the reactive mixture according to the method according to FIG. 1 comprises an initiator, preferably an initiator for a radical polymerization, and / or is provided therewith.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30311" n="0131">It is possible that the proportion of initiator, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected and / or becomes from a range of from 0.05 wt % to 2.5 wt %, preferably from 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt %, more preferably from 0.5 wt % to 1.2 wt %.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30312" n="0132">Preferably, the initiator is and / or is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, peroxides or mixtures thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30313" n="0133">Preferably, the reactive mixture has the following composition according to the method of FIG. 1 and / or is provided therewith, wherein the details of the individual constituents are in each case based on the total mass of the reactive mixture and wherein the constituents are selected such that they yield in total 100% by weight:<title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>10 Wt. %-60 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 30 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>10 Wt. %-90 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,05 Wt.% - 2.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>20 Wt. %-50 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-20 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>30 Wt. %-80 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,1 Wt.% - 1.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Carboxylic Acid-Containing Monomer Component:< / cell><cell>30 Wt. %-40 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-15 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>40 Wt. %-60 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Initiator:< / cell><cell>0,5 Wt% - 1.2 wt%.< / cell>< / row><p xml:id="_a0c6c30371" n="0134">In step b) according to the method of Fig. 1, a polymer solution is obtained from the reactive mixture provided in step a). The polymer solution comprises a polymer which comprises at least the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in particular the monomer components of the reactive mixture provided in step a). Furthermore, the polymer solution comprises a solvent. The polymer is at least partially dissolved in the solvent, preferably in the form of water. It is possible for the polymer to be present dissolved in the solvent, preferably in the form of water, to an extent of at least 30 g / l, preferably to an extent of at least 60 g / l, under standard climates in the equilibrium state in the solvent, preferably in the form of water. Step b) is preferably carried out after step a).<p xml:id="_a0c6c30372" n="0135">It is possible that step b) is carried out at a temperature of the reactive mixture selected from a range from 20° C. to 110° C., preferably from 40° C. and 85° C., more preferably from 50° C. to 70° C.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30373" n="0136">It is possible that in step b) according to the method according to FIG. 1 the solvent of the reactive mixture after the polymer has been obtained is separated off, for example selected from the group consisting of filtration, aspiration, evaporation, vacuum drying, exposure to IR radiation, or freezing out or combinations thereof. Furthermore, it is then possible for the polymer to be fed to a further solvent. In other words, it is possible that the solvent of the reactive mixture is a different solvent compared to the solvent of the polymer solution.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30374" n="0137">In addition, it is possible that in step b) the polymer is washed with a further, preferably organic, solvent which has a lower boiling point than the solvent which is and / or is comprised by the reactive mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30375" n="0138">Preferably, the solvent of the polymer solution comprises water and / or consists essentially thereof. In particular, the polymer is water-soluble.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30376" n="0139">The polymer has, in particular before decarboxylation, the monomer component containing carboxylic acid, preferably itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, more preferably itaconic acid, selected from a range from 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight, preferably from 40% by weight to 99.95% by weight, more preferably from 55% by weight to 99.95% by weight. Preferably, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component consists of itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, preferably itaconic acid.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30377" n="0140">It is possible that the polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, has the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in particular selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 75% by weight, preferably from more than 0% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 45% by weight.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30378" n="0141">In particular, the polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, comprises the initiator selected from a range from 0.05% by weight to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% by weight to 1.1% by weight.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30379" n="0142">The polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, preferably has a number average molar mass value selected from a range from 500 g / mol to 500,000 g / mol, preferably from 750 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol, more preferably from 1000 g / mol to 50,000 g / mol, even more preferably from 1500 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30380" n="0143">It is possible that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprising the polymer comprises, in addition to itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, at least one further carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, individually or in combination. The proportion of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, in particular itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, in the polymer, based on the total mass of the polymer, is selected in particular from the range from 2.5% by weight to 100% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably from 10% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular before decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30381" n="0144">The polymer preferably has at least one noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component, the component or derivatives of which, individually or in combination, is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, esters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, terpenes, myrcene, styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl ethers. The proportion of the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component based on the total mass of the polymer is preferably selected from the range from more than 0% by weight to 97.5% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably from 15% by weight to 85% by weight, in particular before decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30382" n="0145">The polymer, in particular before decarboxylation, may have a glass transition temperature value selected from a range from -20° C. to 110° C., preferably from -20° C. to 50° C., more preferably from -10° C. to 25° C.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30383" n="0146">In step c) according to the method of Fig. 1, a release agent 2 is obtained. The separating agent 2 comprises the polymer solution comprising the polymer obtained in step b). The release agent 2, preferably the polymer, is preferably present before its use, i.e. before it is arranged as a layer on at least one surface of a shaped element 1, preferably on at least one surface of a formwork, in a state in which decarboxylation has not yet taken place and is at least partially decarboxylateable. CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> is released from the polymer of the release agent 2 during or after use of the release agent 2. Decarboxylation cleaves and releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> from the polymer. The amount of polymer released is dependent on the polymer structure. It is possible for CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> to be liberated at least partially from the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, preferably itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivative, by decarboxylation.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30387" n="0147">The release agent 2 preferably releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> after and / or during contacting with a mineral building material mixture 3. Further preferably, the release agent 2 releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> during an at least partial solidification and / or curing of the contacted mineral building material mixture 3. The construction material mixture 3 is in particular flowable or plastically deformable. Furthermore, the construction material mixture 3 comprises water and at least one mineral binder. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for the release agent 2, preferably polymer, to release and / or decarboxylate the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> after arranging on at least one surface of a shaped element 1, preferably a formwork, preferably before it is contacted with the mineral construction material mixture 3.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30391" n="0148">The release agent 2 can act as the release agent 2 in the form of a layer regardless of a moisture content of the release agent 2. In other words, decarboxylation of the release agent 2, preferably polymer, can take place independently of the moisture content of the release agent 2 and / or the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> can be released from the release agent 2, preferably polymer, independently of the moisture content. As a result, the release agent 2 can act in the dry state as well as in the moist state.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30393" n="0149">The release agent 2 preferably has an indicator or is provided therewith, whereby the release agent 2 in the dry state has a different color impression compared to the moist state. The release agent 2 thus has a different color impression before use, comprising the polymer solution, compared to a dry layer.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30394" n="0150">For example, it is possible that the indicator has a color impression in the moist state of the separating agent 2 and the indicator is colorless in the dry state of the separating agent 2. In the dry state, the indicator is thus preferably not recognizable to a viewer.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30395" n="0151">A suitable indicator is preferably selected from one or more leuco dyes.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30396" n="0152">It is possible for the release agent 2 to comprise and / or be provided with a flow additive, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 7.5% by weight, even more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 5.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30397" n="0153">The total weight of the release agent 2 is understood to mean the moist state and / or the total weight of the release agent 2 with which the release agent is obtained in step c) and before use thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30398" n="0154">It is also possible for the release agent 2 to comprise a thickener and / or be provided therewith, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 2% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight, even more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.2% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30399" n="0155">The separating agent 2 of step c) comprises the polymer solution of step b). The release agent 2 preferably comprises the polymer solution selected from a range from 0.01 wt % to 100 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 50 wt %, further preferably from 0.01 wt % to 20 wt % and / or is provided in this way, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30400" n="0156">The separating agent 2 of step c) comprises in particular the polymer solution of step b). In a preferred embodiment, the polymer solution preferably comprises the polymer selected from a range from 0.005 wt % to 50 wt %, preferably from 0.005 wt % to 25 wt %, more preferably from 0.005 wt % to 10 wt % and / or is provided in this way, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30401" n="0157">The solvent of the separating agent 2 preferably comprises water and / or consists essentially thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30402" n="0158">The release agent 2 according to the method according to FIG. 1 preferably comprises and / or is provided with solvent, preferably in the form of water, selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 99.99% by weight, preferably from 50% by weight to 99.99% by weight, more preferably from 80% by weight to 99.99% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30403" n="0159">A release agent 2 according to the invention preferably has the following composition and / or is provided therewith, wherein the details of the individual constituents are in each case based on the total weight of the release agent 2 and / or with which it is provided, and wherein the constituents are selected such that they give a total of 100% by weight:<title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-100 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-10 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. %-2 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-50 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>50 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt.-% - 7.5 wt.-%,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt.% - 1.5 wt.%,< / cell>< / row><title desc="title" / ><row><cell>Polymer solution:< / cell><cell>0,01 Wt. %-20 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Solvent:< / cell><cell>80 Wt. % - 99.99 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Flow additive:< / cell><cell>0 Wt. % - 5.5 wt. %,< / cell>< / row><row><cell>Thickener:< / cell><cell>0 Wt% - 1.2 wt%.< / cell>< / row><p xml:id="_a0c6c30461" n="0160">The dynamic viscosity is and / or is preferably selected from a range from 1 mPas to 300 Pas, preferably from 2 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 3 mPas to 150 mPas, even more preferably from 3 mPas to 100 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30462" n="0161">In particular, when arranged on a vertical surface, the release agent 2 has a dynamic viscosity selected from a range of 50 mPas to 300 mPas, preferably from 75 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 100 mPas to 150 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30463" n="0162">In particular when applied to a horizontal surface, the release agent 2 has a dynamic viscosity selected from a range from 1 mPas to 300 mPas, preferably from 2 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 3 mPas to 100 mPas.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30464" n="0163">The dynamic viscosity is in each case preferably determined by the method described in DIN EN ISO 2884-1:2006-09 (date of edition: 2006-09, "Coating materials-Determination of the viscosity with rotational viscometers-Part 1: Cone-plate viscometer at a high speed gradient (ISO 2884-1:1999); German version EN ISO 2884-1:2006") by means of a rotational viscometer, in particular using a cone-plate viscometer from Fa. Thermo Scientific, model Haake Mars 60 with a cone-plate measurement geometry.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30465" n="0164">The surface of the mineral shaped body 4 contacted by the release agent 2 after the at least partial solidification and / or curing of the mineral shaped body 4 is preferably designed such that the surface area of voids, based on the total surface area, is less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, particularly preferably less than 1.5%.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30466" n="0165">The release agent 2 does not have, in particular, polychlorinated biphenyls. The release agent 2 does not have and / or is provided without a dispersion additive and / or emulsion additive. It is possible that the polymer has an emulsifying effect.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30467" n="0166">The separating agent 2 does not comprise and / or is provided without refined oils and / or fats, biogenic oils and / or fats. The carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and optionally the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component of step a) and the polymer obtained in step b) are not understood as refined oils and / or fats, biogenic oils and / or fats.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30468" n="0167"> FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the use of the release agent 2 according to the invention or of the release agent 2 which is produced according to claim 1 in a method by means of which a mineral shaped body 4 is obtained.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30469" n="0168">In step i), at least one shaped element 1, preferably a formwork, is provided. On at least one surface of the shaped element 1, preferably the formwork, the parting agent 2 according to the invention or the parting agent 2 obtained by the method according to the invention in step c) is arranged in the form of a layer.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30470" n="0169">The separating means 2 is preferably arranged on the at least one surface of the forming element 1, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork, by a method selected from the group consisting of spraying methods, brushing methods or rolling methods or combinations thereof. Preferably, the separating means 2 is arranged over the full surface on the at least one surface of the shaped element 1, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork. The parting agent 2 is preferably arranged over the full surface on all surfaces of the shaped element 1, preferably on the at least one surface of the formwork which are contacted with the mineral building material mixture 3.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30471" n="0170">The application quantity of the release agent 2 is preferably selected from a range from 50 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 400 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, preferably from 100 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 250 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, more preferably from 125 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> to 175 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi>, based on a non-sucking formwork.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30478" n="0171">Subsequently, in step ii), an in particular flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture 3, which comprises water and at least one mineral binder, is arranged on the at least one surface of the shaped element 1, preferably the formwork, coated with the release agent 2.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30479" n="0172">The mineral construction material mixture 3 preferably comprises concrete, mortar, limestone, silicate ceramic or a combination thereof, or consists thereof. Preferably, the at least one mineral binder comprises a hydraulic binder, a non-hydraulic binder, or a mixture thereof. It is further possible that the at least one mineral binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate hydrates, cement, lime, clay, gypsum, clay, magnesia binder and combinations thereof.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30480" n="0173">In step iii) according to FIG. 2, the mineral building material mixture 3 solidifies at least partially and a dimensionally stable, mineral green body is obtained. Furthermore, the mineral building material mixture 3, preferably the dimensionally stable mineral green body, solidifies.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30481" n="0174">In step iv), it is shown that the shaped element 1, preferably the formwork, is removed from the mineral building material mixture 3. A mineral shaped body 4 is obtained.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30482" n="0175">Preferably, the release agent 2 cleaves CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> from the polymer structure after step i), in step ii) and / or in step iii). In other words, the release agent 2 releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> after and / or during contacting with a mineral building material mixture 3. Further preferably, the release agent 2 releases the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> during an at least partial solidification and / or curing of the contacted mineral building material mixture 3.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30486" n="0176">Decarboxylation of the release agent 2, in particular of the porous structure, is preferably initiated by contacting the release agent 2 with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture 3.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30487" n="0177">Alternatively or additionally, the separating agent 2 can be contacted, preferably sprayed and / or covered, with a liquid volume which has the above anions and / or cations and is alkaline.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30488" n="0178">In particular, the flowable or plastically deformable construction material mixture 3 comprises at least one constituent which catalyzes decarboxylation. Decarboxylation is catalyzed alkali. It is possible that decarboxylation is thermally catalyzed.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30489" n="0179">The flowable or plastically deformable construction material mixture 3 preferably has divalent or polyvalent cations of at least one metal, wherein the at least one metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Fe, Co, or mixtures thereof. The cations are preferably present in the form of water-soluble salts.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30490" n="0180">Preferably, two or more polyvalent cations can catalyze decarboxylation of the polyitaconic acid.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30491" n="0181">It is possible that, in particular as a first possible mode of action of the released CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>, by the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> a porous matrix of a mineral shaped body 4 is produced at the contact point of the mineral building material mixture 3 and the surface of the shaped element 1, preferably the formwork, on which the separating agent 2 is arranged.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30494" n="0182">In addition, it is possible that the decarboxylation of the polymer reduces the chain length and / or polymer mass of the polymer. This makes it possible for the water-soluble fractions of the polymer in particular to diffuse into the mineral construction material mixture 3. Preferably, the water-soluble portions of the polymer can promote the production of the porous matrix in the mineral shaped body.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30495" n="0183">The porous matrix of the mineral shaped body 4 obtained has a lower strength compared to the standard strength of the mineral building material mixture 3. The adhesive force between formwork and concrete is thus reduced, so that the mineral shaped body 4 can easily be deshelled.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30496" n="0184">Alternatively or additionally, it is possible, in particular as a second mode of action of the CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi>, for CO <hi rend="subscript">2< / hi> to react to carbon dioxide at the surface of the mineral building material mixture 3 and, as above, for example in equations (2) to (5), for a carbonation to take place. This makes it possible for the pore volume of the mineral building material mixture 3 to be reduced and for an interface to be obtained between the surface of the shaped element 1, preferably formwork, which, in comparison with the mineral building material mixture 3, before the carbonation and has a more uniform and / or smoother surface. Preferably, the contact area between the mineral construction material mixture 3 and the surface of the shaped element 1, preferably formwork, can be reduced, which improves the separation of the shaped element 1, preferably formwork, from the mineral shaped body 4.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30499" n="0185">It is possible for all of the active modes described to be present during the production of a mineral shaped body 4 and / or for one of the active modes to be present preferably. In this case, the separating agent 2 preferably leaves no residues on the surface of the shaped element 1, preferably on the surface of the formwork. Should residues remain, they can be removed mechanically with water and a conventional wipe. For example, it is possible for the porous matrix to be obtained on the side of the smoother boundary surface facing the shaped element 1, preferably formwork, as a result of which a particularly good separating effect is achieved.<head xml:id="_a0c6c30500">Example 1< / head><p xml:id="_a0c6c30501" n="0186">A round bottom flask was charged with 50 g of distilled water and 15.8 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH, Fa to obtain a reactive mixture according to step a). Carl Roth, 85%) at room temperature (20° C.) with constant stirring. An alkaline pH was obtained. To this solution was slowly added 36.65 g of itaconic acid (Fa. Thermo Scientific Chemicals, 99+%) was added as the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component. The alkaline pH of the solution improved the solubility of itaconic acid. After the itaconic acid was completely dissolved in the solution, 13.35 g of acrylamide (Fa. Sigma Aldrich, 99+%) is added as a non-carboxylic acid containing monomer component. The solution was then flushed with argon for 5 minutes.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30502" n="0187">The resulting reactive mixture is then heated from room temperature to 50° C. with stirring, and 1.12 g of an initiator are added (Fa. Fujifilm Wako Chemicals Europe GmbH, Azo polymerization initiators V-50 (radical initiator)). The reactive mixture after step a) was obtained.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30503" n="0188">The reactive mixture was further heated to 60 °C with further stirring and stirred for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, an aqueous polymer solution was obtained after step b). The polymer solution had a solids content of 50% by weight, based on the dry weight of the polymer solution.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30504" n="0189">A separating agent 2 according to step c) was stirred from the polymer solution according to step b). The composition of the release agent 2 corresponded to 1.84 g of polymer solution (2% by weight), 0.184 g of flow control additive (1% by weight, Fa. BYK-Chemie GmbH, Wesel, BYK-Dynwet 800N), 1.38 g thickener (7% by weight, Fa. Dow Chemical, Midland, Walocell MW 40000) and 90.16 g distilled water (90 wt %). The constituents of the separating agent 2 were stirred until a homogeneous solution was present.<head xml:id="_a0c6c30505">Comparative Example< / head><p xml:id="_a0c6c30506" n="0190">As a comparative example, the oil-containing release agent Master Finish RL 419 (Fa. MasterBuilder Solutions, Stadfurt).<head xml:id="_a0c6c30507">Use of the Release Agents< / head><p xml:id="_a0c6c30508" n="0191">In order to assess the effectiveness and properties of the release agent 2, mineral shaped bodies 4 were produced. For this purpose, a molded element 1, preferably a formwork, in the form of a plastic cube with an edge length of 150 mm was provided. On the surfaces of the mold element 1, preferably on the surfaces of the formwork, the parting agent 2 according to the invention according to Example 1 and the oil-containing parting agent according to the comparative example were produced using a spray gun (Fa. Monolle, Landau / Isar) and an application weight of 120 g / m <hi rend="superscript">2< / hi> and subsequently dried.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30510" n="0192">As a mineral construction material mixture 3, 1935 g gravel (fraction: 2 mm to 8 mm), 2565 g sand (fraction: 0 mm to 2 mm) and 900 g CEM II / A-LL 42.5 N (Portland limestone cement) were mixed with one another and this mixture was stirred with 450 g water to form a homogeneous concrete mixture.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30511" n="0193">The mineral building material mixture 3 or the concrete were then filled into the plastic cube. The fill height was at least 9 cm. For analysis, only the sides, i.e., the vertical faces of the cube, but not the bottom, i.e., the horizontal face, of the cube were used.<head xml:id="_a0c6c30512">Result: Result< / head><p xml:id="_a0c6c30513" n="0194">A desired shaped body surface is distinguished in that the smallest possible number of voids and / or the smallest possible voids are present. The number and size of the voids can be considered and analyzed as a quality indicator for the molded article surface. The determination of the size and the number of voids was carried out as already described above.<p xml:id="_a0c6c30514" n="0195">The results are shown in Table 1. It is found that in the release agent according to Example 1, a significantly smaller number of cavities (holes) was obtained in comparison with the comparative example and the holes also have a significantly smaller diameter. Furthermore, the absolute area of the voids is also reduced. This can be explained, if necessary, by the fact that the oil-containing separating agent penetrates into the not yet first-grade concrete and thus an increased formation of voids occurs. It is further possible that a separating agent 2 according to the invention reduces the size and / or number of voids by carbonation. Table 1: Results of analysis of voids of the releasing agent of Example 1 and the releasing agent of Comparative Example<title desc="title">Table 1: Results of analysis of voids of the releasing agent of Example 1 and the releasing agent of Comparative ExampleArea holes / pixels11447797Area: holes / %0,3112,024Area of holes / cm 20,3752,553Total area sample / cm 2120,53126,15Number of holes / 312905Diameter holes / pixels3,6678,615Holes per area / 1 / cm 22,597,17The cleanliness of the formwork surface is an important point, since this indicates how great the cleaning effort of the surface of the shaped element 1 is after the removal of the mineral shaped body 4 from the shell. In order to determine the cleanliness of the surfaces of the cube shaped shaped elements 1 used, they were wiped with a wet wipe. The residue of the releasing agent 2 of Example 1 could be easily removed with the wipe while the releasing agent of Comparative Example left on the surface of the molded member 1.The sanding, i.e. the detachment of fine particles from a mineral shaped article surface on account of excessively low microstructure bonding, of the shaped article surfaces was carried out using an adhesive strip (Fa. Tesa) was tested by means of an adhesion test. In the adhesion test, a tesa film 4104 with a width of 14 mm is used, which is pressed against the surface of the molded body without bubbles by three times of painting on with the thumbhead. After the coating, the tesa film is drawn off rapidly at an angle of 45° to 60° away from the molded body manually. The angle is measured in particular between the planes formed by the tesa film. The adhesive strip was then again applied to white paper in order to determine the degree of sanding optically. It was found that the adhesive tape which was visually perceptible from the molded article surface obtained by the release agent of Example 1 was a smaller amount of particles compared with the molded article surface obtained by the release agent of Comparative Example. This can possibly be explained by penetration of the oil-containing release agent into the mineral construction material mixture 3, which in this case leads to setting disorders and structure disorders. Furthermore, it is possible that a smoother interface, which can be described as a type of skin by way of example, is obtained by a separating agent 2 according to the invention.In summary, it is possible by the method according to the invention to provide an improved release agent 2 which has, on the one hand, improved environmental compatibility and, on the other hand, a good release agent effect.Of course, the embodiments listed can be combined with one another as desired and do not represent a limitation.List of reference characters1 Molding element 2 Release agent 2' Release agent with decarboxylated polymer 3 Mineral construction material mixture 4 Mineral molded body

Claims

A method for producing a release agent (2), characterized in that the method comprises at least the following steps: a) providing a reactive mixture comprising a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprising itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, wherein the itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is derivatized at most to a carboxylic acid, b) polymerizing the reactive mixture to form a polymer solution, wherein the polymer solution comprises a polymer at least partially dissolved in a solvent, which polymer comprises the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, wherein the polymer comprises the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range of 25 wt.% to 99.95 wt.%, c) obtaining a release agent (2) comprising the polymer solution, wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent (2) by decarboxylation, wherein the decarboxylation is catalyzed alkaline.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer solution and / or the separating agent (2), in particular the polymer, comprise and / or consist of biogenic constituents and / or are biodegradable and / or compostable.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating agent (2) forms the CO 2 after arranging on at least one surface of a shaped element (1), preferably on at least one surface of a formwork, and preferably after contacting with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture (3) comprising water and at least one mineral binder, and further preferably during an at least partial solidification and / or hardening of the flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture (3).Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component of the reactive mixture comprises, in addition to itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, at least one further carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid, individually or in combination.The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of monomer of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected from a range from 2.5% by weight to 65% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 50% by weight, more preferably from 10% by weight to 35% by weight.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactive mixture comprises at least one non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component, which is selected individually or in combination from the group consisting of acrylamide, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, esters of itaconic acid, esters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, terpenes, preferably myrcene, styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl ether and / or combinations thereof.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of monomer of the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component based on the total mass of the reactive mixture is selected from a range from 5% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% by weight to 35% by weight, further preferably from 15% by weight to 30% by weight.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component and / or the non-carboxylic acid-containing monomer component comprise biogenic constituents and / or consist thereof, and / or are biodegradable and / or compostable.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactive mixture has a solvent, preferably an organic solvent, which is selected individually or as mixtures, from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, 2-butanone (MEK), acetate, in particular ethyl acetate and lactyl acetate.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactive mixture comprises a solvent comprising and / or consisting of water.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the solvent, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected from a range from 15% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably from 30% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably from 40% by weight to 70% by weight, even more preferably from 45% by weight to 55% by weight.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactive mixture comprises an initiator, preferably an initiator for a radical polymerization.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of initiator, based on the total mass of the reactive mixture, is selected from a range from 0.05% by weight to 1.5% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight, more preferably from 0.25% by weight to 0.5% by weight.Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initiator is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, peroxides or mixtures thereof.Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that step b) is carried out at a temperature of the reactive mixture selected from a range from 20°C to 110°C, preferably from 40°C and 85°C, more preferably from 50°C to 70°C.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solvent of the polymer solution comprises water and / or consists essentially thereof.Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer is water-soluble, in particular wherein at least 30 g / l of polymer, preferably at least 60 g / l of polymer, is soluble in water in the equilibrium state under standard climates.The process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer comprises the noncarboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 75% by weight, preferably from more than 0% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably from more than 0% by weight to 45% by weight.The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer comprises the initiator selected from a range from 0.05 wt.% to 2 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 1.5 wt.%, more preferably from 0.5 wt.% to 1.1 wt.%.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer has a value for a glass transition temperature selected from a range from -20°C to 110°C, preferably from -20°C to 50°C, more preferably from -10°C to 25°C.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that CO 2 can be released from the release agent (2) independently of its moisture content.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating agent (2) has an indicator, as a result of which the separating agent (2) has a different colour impression in a dry state compared to a moist state.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indicator has a colour impression in the moist state of the separating agent (2) and the indicator is colourless in the dry state of the separating agent (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indicator is selected from one or more leuco dyes.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) comprises a flow additive, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 10% by weight, further preferably from more than 0% by weight to 7.5% by weight, even further preferably from more than 0% by weight to 5.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) comprises a thickener, preferably selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 2% by weight, further preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight, even further preferably from more than 0% by weight to 1.2% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) comprises the polymer solution selected from a range from 0.01 wt.% to 100 wt.%, preferably from 0.01 wt.% to 50 wt.%, more preferably from 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solvent of the separating agent (2) comprises water and / or consists essentially thereof.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) comprises solvents, preferably in the form of water, selected from a range from more than 0% by weight to 99.99% by weight, preferably from 50% by weight to 99.99% by weight, further preferably from 80% by weight to 99.99% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the release agent (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) has a dynamic viscosity which is selected from a range from 1 mPas to 300 Pas, preferably from 2 mPas to 200 mPas, more preferably from 3 mPas to 150 mPas, even more preferably from 3 mPas to 100 mPas, in particular determined by the method described in DIN EN ISO 2884-1:2006-09 of determining viscosity by means of a rotational viscometer.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (2) does not have a dispersion additive and / or emulsion additive and / or in that the release agent (2) does not have polychlorinated biphenyls and / or in that the release agent (2) does not have refined oils and / or fats, biogenic oils and / or fats.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of a mineral shaped body (4) contacted by the release agent (2) is configured after the at least partial solidification and / or curing of the mineral shaped body (4) such that the area of holes and / or voids, based on the total area, is less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, particularly preferably less than 1.5%.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decarboxylation of the release agent (2) is initiated by contacting the release agent (2) with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture (3), in particular in that the flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture (3) has at least one constituent which catalyzes the decarboxylation.Release agent (2), characterized in that the release agent (2) has a polymer at least partially dissolved in a solvent, wherein the polymer has a carboxylic acid-containing monomer component which comprises itaconic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives, wherein the itaconic acid derivative of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component is derivatized at most to a carboxylic acid, wherein the polymer has the carboxylic acid-containing monomer component selected from a range from 25% by weight to 99.95% by weight, and wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent (2) by decarboxylation, wherein the decarboxylation is catalyzed alkali.Use of a release agent (2) produced according to a method according to one of Claims 1 to 33 in the production of mineral shaped bodies (4), characterized in that the release agent (2) is arranged on at least one surface of a shaped element (1) and is contacted with a flowable or plastically deformable mineral construction material mixture (3), wherein the mineral construction material mixture (3) comprises water and at least one mineral binder, and wherein CO 2 can be released from the polymer of the release agent (2) by decarboxylation.

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