RESETTING A SEQUENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC

Abstract

A method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid (110) is presented. The method comprises: a) sending a diagnostic control signal from a controller (114) to a circuit breaker (116) to start the sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116) and using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116); b) if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state; and c) if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, resetting the sequential diagnostics by restarting from the initial diagnostic state. A power switch (110) is also provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for performing sequential diagnostics in a power grid and to a power grid. BACKGROUND

[0002] Decentralized, resilient automotive power distribution typically requires reliable solutions for wiring harness protection. Therefore, fuses can increasingly be replaced by intelligent protected circuit breakers. Such circuit breakers enable the development of distributed power grid architectures, which are required, for example, for autonomous driving technologies. Furthermore, such circuit breakers typically offer diagnostic measures, such as providing a current sensing signal that can indicate, for example, an overcurrent. In such a case, the circuit breakers can then be opened specifically for wiring harness protection. SUMMARY

[0003] In a first aspect, a method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid is presented. The method comprises: a) sending a diagnostic control signal from a controller to a circuit breaker to start sequential diagnostics at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker and using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker; b) if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state; and c) if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state.

[0004] In another aspect, a power grid is presented. The power grid includes at least one circuit breaker for switching a load and a controller for controlling the circuit breaker. The controller is configured to send a diagnostic control signal to the circuit breaker to start sequential diagnostics at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. The controller is further configured to use timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. If a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, the circuit breaker is configured to continue the sequential diagnostics by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state.The circuit breaker is further configured to reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state when a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold.

[0005] Those skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description and examining the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar or identical elements. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The features of the various examples shown may be combined with one another, provided they are not mutually exclusive. Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a distributed automotive power grid; Fig. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a power grid; Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid; and Fig. 4 illustrates another flowchart showing an exemplary sequence of diagnostic states in a sequential diagnosis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for performing sequential diagnostics in a power grid is presented. The term "power grid," as generally used herein, is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The power grid may be an at least partially interconnected system configured to transmit, or in particular to distribute, electrical power or electrical energy. The power grid may comprise at least one of the following: a power supply, e.g., a battery; a transmission line, e.g., a wire or trace; a load; a power distribution device; and a monitoring device, e.g., a sensor. The load may comprise, for example, a motor. The power distribution device may in particular comprise a circuit breaker and / or a controller.In particular, as will be explained in more detail below, the power grid comprises at least one circuit breaker for switching a load and a controller for controlling the circuit breaker. The power grid may be an isolated power grid. Thus, the power grid may not be connected to other power grids. The power grid may be an automotive power grid. The power grid may be a distributed power grid. In particular, the power grid may be a distributed automotive power grid. Thus, the power grid may be configured, in particular, for distributing electrical power in an automotive application, such as to various parts or components of a car. In other words, the method may be carried out in an automotive power grid, in particular in a distributed automotive power grid. Thus, the method and / or the power grid may be used for an automotive application.In general, other options than those listed here as examples may be possible.

[0008] The term "sequential diagnosis" as generally used herein is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The sequential diagnosis may be a step-by-step process or procedure for identifying faults or failure events in a system, in particular in a power grid. In particular, the sequential diagnosis may be a step-by-step process for identifying a failure event in at least one component of the power grid. The failure event may be or include, for example, an overcurrent. The sequential diagnosis may include measuring or sensing at least one physical property, e.g., a current. The sequential diagnosis may further include evaluating the physical property.As one example, the sequential diagnosis may include deriving a further physical property therefrom, e.g., an energy or a temperature. As another example, the sequential diagnosis may include comparing the physical property to a threshold value, e.g., a predetermined overcurrent value. Thus, the sequential diagnosis may include various steps or diagnostic states, as will also be described in more detail below. As indicated, the sequential diagnosis may in particular be performed step-by-step, or in other words, sequentially. Thus, the sequential diagnosis may include cycling through or passing through a plurality of diagnostic states. However, jumping between different diagnostic states may also be possible. In particular, the sequential diagnosis may also allow resetting to an initial step or diagnostic state.

[0009] In step a), the method comprises sending a diagnostic control signal from a controller to a circuit breaker to start sequential diagnostics at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. The method further comprises using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. The term "controller," as generally used herein, is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to a specific or adapted meaning. The controller may be a device configured to observe or regulate or operate or manage at least one further entity. The controller may be or comprise an electronic device or, in particular, a computing device.Thus, the controller can be or comprise at least one electronic circuit, in particular an integrated circuit. The controller can comprise at least one processor, e.g., a central processing unit. The controller can comprise at least one peripheral, e.g., an input / output interface or a memory. The controller can, in particular, be a microcontroller. Thus, the controller can be embedded in the power grid. As stated, the power grid can, in particular, be a distributed automotive power grid. Thus, the controller can be a zone controller or a central controller. A zone controller can be configured to control at least one spatial zone or functional zone of the power grid. The zone can, for example, be a front of a car or a rear of a car. A central controller can be configured to control the entire power grid. In general, other options may also be possible.

[0010] The term “power switch,” as used generally herein, is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The power switch may be or comprise an electronic component configured to control the flow of electrical power in an electronic circuit. The power switch may be configured to switch a power supply to another device, in particular a load, on or off. In a power grid, the power switch may be configured to connect or disconnect different parts of the power grid. The power switch may be or comprise at least one semiconductor device, in particular a power semiconductor device. The power switch may be or comprise at least one electronic circuit, in particular at least one integrated circuit.The power switch may in particular comprise at least one transistor. The transistor may be selected from the group consisting of: a field-effect transistor (FET), in particular a metal-oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET); a bipolar transistor; and an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Other options may also be possible.

[0011] The circuit breaker can be an intelligent circuit breaker or an intelligent circuit breaker, in particular an intelligent protected circuit breaker. Thus, the circuit breaker can be configured to perform further tasks in addition to pure switching operations. The circuit breaker can be configured to communicate with other devices, in particular with the controller. The circuit breaker can comprise an interface. The circuit breaker can comprise at least one pin. The circuit breaker can comprise a logic circuit configured to process signals, in particular the diagnostic control signal from the controller. The logic circuit can comprise at least one logic gate, e.g., an OR gate. The circuit breaker can be configured to perform a measurement. The circuit breaker can comprise a measuring circuit.In particular, the measuring circuit can be configured at least to detect a current. The circuit breaker can be configured to evaluate the measurement. The circuit breaker can have different states, in particular different diagnostic states, wherein each state can relate to a different task, e.g., current detection, as explained in more detail below.

[0012] The diagnostic states can be defined and / or stored in a memory. In particular, the states can be defined and / or stored at different addresses in an address register. In particular, a setting of the circuit breaker for each diagnostic state can be stored at an address in an address register of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker can comprise a memory. The circuit breaker can comprise an address register. The address register can be configured to store the diagnostic states or, in particular, the settings for each diagnostic state. Thus, retrieving addresses in the address register can cause the circuit breaker to obtain different states. Thus, the sequential diagnosis can comprise cycling through or passing through different addresses, e.g., using a counter, in particular a diagnostic state counter. The circuit breaker can comprise at least one counter.In particular, the diagnostic switch may comprise a diagnostic state counter. The diagnostic state counter may be configured to change the diagnostic states. For this purpose, the diagnostic state counter may, for example, increment an address value. The diagnostic state counter may be configured to change an address, in particular an address that defines a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker.

[0013] The term "diagnostic state" as generally used herein is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or customized meaning. With regard to the diagnostic state, reference can also be made to the preceding paragraphs for further details. A diagnostic state may refer to a specific task performed within a diagnosis, in particular within a sequential diagnosis comprising various sequentially performed tasks. As an example, the diagnostic state may be a current sensing state. The diagnostic state may refer to a specific task performed by the circuit breaker. In particular, the diagnostic state may comprise a setting of the circuit breaker, such as a measurement setting.As stated above, each diagnostic state can be stored in an address in an address register of the circuit breaker. In particular, a circuit breaker setting for each diagnostic state can be stored at an address in an address register of the circuit breaker. The sequential diagnosis can be performed by sequentially passing through predetermined diagnostic states during normal operation. Passing through the diagnostic states can be achieved using a diagnostic state counter, which can sequentially increment an address for this purpose. In fault mode, the sequential diagnosis can be reset. Accordingly, the diagnostic state counter can be reset in such a case. The diagnostic state counter can, in particular, respond to a diagnostic control signal from the controller and, in particular, to timeouts in the diagnostic control signal.

[0014] The term "diagnostic control signal" as generally used herein is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The diagnostic control signal may be a signal that controls a diagnostic state or a change in the diagnostic state. In particular, the diagnostic control signal may be a signal sent from the controller to the power breaker to control a diagnostic state or a change in the diagnostic state of the power breaker. A change in the diagnostic state may be changed, in particular, by using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal, as described in more detail below. The diagnostic control signal may be a digital signal, in particular a binary signal. The diagnostic control signal may include HIGH and LOW signal states. HIGH may refer to a predetermined high voltage.LOW may refer to a predetermined low voltage. In particular, HIGH may be a voltage distinctly higher than LOW. HIGH may correspond to a logical 1 in binary representation. LOW may correspond to a logical 0 in binary representation. A timeout of the diagnostic control signal may be a LOW time of the diagnostic control signal. Alternatively, a timeout of the diagnostic control signal may be an interruption, in particular a temporary interruption, of the diagnostic control signal. Other options may also be possible.

[0015] In a step b), if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, the method comprises continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state. Thus, if the timeout of the diagnostic control signal matches a predetermined time interval, a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker can be changed to a subsequent diagnostic state of the sequential diagnosis. As an example, the time interval can be 25 µs to 150 µs. In a step c), if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, the method comprises resetting the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. This feature can be used to restart the method at a defined diagnostic state, e.g., in the event of a loss of synchronization.Thus, if a timeout of the diagnostic control signal exceeds a predetermined time threshold, the sequential diagnosis may be restarted again. Exceeding the time threshold may comprise at least one of exceeding an upper time threshold and falling below a lower time threshold. Thus, exceeding the time threshold may comprise exceeding or exceeding an upper time threshold. As an example, the upper time threshold may be greater than or equal to 150 µs. Additionally or alternatively, exceeding the time threshold may comprise exceeding or exceeding a lower time threshold. As an example, the lower time threshold may be less than or equal to 25 µs.

[0016] The diagnostic states, a sequence of diagnostic states, the time interval, and / or the time threshold, in particular the upper time threshold and / or the lower time threshold, can be defined in a protocol. The protocol can be a communication protocol implemented in the power grid for communication between at least the controller and the circuit breaker. As stated, the circuit breaker can be an intelligent circuit breaker. Thus, the power grid can be configured to understand or interpret the protocol, such as by using logic circuitry. The logic circuitry can be configured, in particular, to process the diagnostic state signal, in particular for the diagnostic state counter. As also stated, the circuit breaker can comprise a diagnostic state counter. The diagnostic state counter can be connected to the logic circuitry.The diagnostic state counter may be configured to respond to the diagnostic state signal processed by the logic circuit. The diagnostic state counter may be configured to set a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. Step b) may comprise incrementing or increasing the diagnostic state counter, in particular to a subsequent address in an address register of the circuit breaker. Step c) may comprise resetting or restarting the diagnostic state counter, in particular to an initial address at which the sequential diagnostics were initially started.

[0017] In a step d), the method may further comprise, if the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, resetting the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. Thus, if two signal edges are sent from the controller to the power switch, the sequential diagnosis may also be restarted. A signal edge may be a short HIGH time of the diagnostic control signal, such as a HIGH time of, for example, 10 µs or less. In a step e), the method may further comprise otherwise continuing the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state. In particular, in step e), if neither the timeout coincides with a predetermined time interval nor the timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, the method may comprise continuing the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state.In particular, in step e), if neither the timeout coincides with a predetermined time interval, nor the timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, nor the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, the method may comprise continuing the sequential diagnosis by remaining in the current diagnostic state. As an example, the time interval may be 25 µs to 150 µs, the time threshold may be an upper time threshold of 150 µs, there may be no lower time threshold, and the timeout may also not be interrupted by signal edges. In such a case, if the timeout is lower than 25 µs, the sequential diagnosis may then continue by remaining in a current diagnostic state according to step e). Of course, other implementation options may also be possible.

[0018] In a step f), the method may further comprise, for each current diagnostic state, sending a diagnostic state signal from the circuit breaker to the controller. The term "diagnostic state signal," as generally used herein, is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary and customary meaning for those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The diagnostic state signal may be a signal relating to a specific diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. The diagnostic state signal may indicate a result of a task performed by the circuit breaker in a specific diagnostic state. As an example, the diagnostic state may be a current sensing state, and the diagnostic state signal may relate to the sensed current. The diagnostic state signal may comprise a status value.The diagnostic status signal may comprise a current detection signal or a signal derived therefrom, in particular a signal relating to a derived energy value, in particular to an i. 2 t-value. The i 2 t-value, which in German is also called "Grenzlastintegral" or "Schmelzintegral", can generally refer to an integration of the squared current over time. The energy absorbed by an electronic component over time can be a function of the i 2 t-value. An increase in the temperature of the electronic component can in turn be a function of the absorbed energy. An overtemperature or an overcurrent can damage or destroy the electronic component. Thus, the i 2 t-value or the current detection signal indicate an overtemperature or overcurrent. Thus, the i 2t value or the current detection signal can be used as an indicator for switching off a load before the load is damaged. In step g), if the diagnostic condition signal indicates an overcurrent, the method can further comprise switching off a load using the circuit breaker. In other words, in such a case, the load can be disconnected from a power supply, such as by opening the circuit breaker.

[0019] Throughout the present disclosure, the method steps presented may be performed in the order given. However, it should be noted that a different order may also be possible. The method may comprise further method steps that are not listed. Furthermore, one or more of the method steps may be performed once or repeatedly. Furthermore, two or more of the method steps may be performed simultaneously or with a temporal overlap. The power switch may comprise at least two pins, in particular a diagnostic enable pin (DEN pin) and a current sense pin (IS pin). Steps a) to c) and optionally steps d) and e) may be performed using a first pin of the power switch, in particular the DEN pin. Step f) may be performed using a separate second pin of the power switch, in particular the IS pin.Thus, the diagnostic control signal can be sent or transmitted from the controller to the power switch via the DEN pin, e.g., from a general-purpose input / output (GPIO) pin of the controller. Thus, the first pin, in particular the DEN pin, can be configured to receive the diagnostic control signal from the controller. The controller can comprise a GPIO pin. The GPIO pin can be configured to send the diagnostic control signal. Furthermore, the diagnostic status signal can be transmitted or transmitted from the power switch to the controller via the IS pin, e.g., to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the controller. Thus, the second pin, in particular the IS pin, can be configured to send or transmit the diagnostic status signal to the controller. The controller can comprise an ADC. The ADC can be configured to receive the diagnostic status signal. In general, the power grid can comprise an interconnect.The interconnection may connect at least the controller and the power switch. Thus, the interconnection may further connect at least one of the controller and the power switch to at least one other device. The interconnection may be a wired interconnection. The interconnection may include multiple signal lines, e.g., wires or traces. The diagnostic control signals, and optionally the diagnostic control signals, may be sent or transmitted between the controller and the power switch via the interconnection.

[0020] In another aspect, a power grid is presented. The power grid comprises at least one circuit breaker for switching a load and a controller for controlling the circuit breaker. The controller may be configured to control further devices in addition to the circuit breaker, such as further circuit breakers and / or other types of devices. Thus, the controller may in particular be configured to control a plurality of circuit breakers. The controller is configured to send a diagnostic control signal to the circuit breaker to start a sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker. The controller is further configured to use timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker.If a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, the circuit breaker is configured to continue the sequential diagnostics by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state. If a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, the circuit breaker is further configured to reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state.

[0021] In general, the controller and the power switch may be configured to perform a sequential diagnosis in the power grid according to any of the embodiments relating to a method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid, as described in more detail above or below. In particular, the power switch may be further configured, if the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, to reset the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. The power switch may be further configured, otherwise, to continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state.In particular, the circuit breaker may be configured to continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining in the current diagnostic state if neither the timeout matches a predetermined time interval nor the timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold. In particular, the circuit breaker may be configured to continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining in the current diagnostic state if neither the timeout matches a predetermined time interval nor the timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold nor the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges. The circuit breaker may further be configured to send a diagnostic state signal from the circuit breaker to the controller for each current diagnostic state. The circuit breaker may be configured to switch off the load if the diagnostic state signal indicates an overcurrent.For further definitions and embodiments relating to the power grid, reference may be made to the definitions and embodiments given above relating to the method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid.

[0022] The methods and devices presented here have significant advantages over the prior art, as already stated throughout the description. Controlling a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker by using timeouts in the diagnostic control signal can simplify sequential diagnostics and make them more robust. In particular, resetting can be simplified and controlled by using only one signal, i.e., the diagnostic state signal, instead of using one or more further signals for this purpose. This can additionally save one or more further pins on the devices. Synchronously controlling multiple pins during application is typically impossible or at least difficult. Now, the further pins can be used exclusively for other purposes. Thus, by using the presented methods and devices, resetting can now be, in particular, independent of additional pins.

[0023] As used herein, the terms "comprise," "comprise," or "include," or any grammatical variations thereof, are used in a non-exclusive manner. Thus, these terms can refer both to a situation in which, besides the feature introduced by these terms, no other features are presaged in the entity described in this context, and to a situation in which one or more other features are present. As an example, the expressions "A comprises B," "A comprises B," and "A contains B" can both refer to a situation in which, besides B, no other element in A is present (i.e., a situation in which A consists solely and exclusively of B), and to a situation in which, besides B, one or more other elements are present in entity A, such as element C, elements C and D, or even other elements.

[0024] It should also be noted that the terms "at least one," "one or more," or similar expressions indicating that a feature or element may be present once or more than once are typically used only once when introducing that feature or element. In most cases, when referring to the feature or element in question, the terms "at least one" or "one or more" are not repeated, regardless of the fact that that feature or element may be present once or more than once.

[0025] Furthermore, as used herein, the terms "preferably," "more preferred," "particularly," "particularly," "particularly," or similar terms are used in connection with optional features without limiting alternative possibilities. Thus, features introduced by these terms are optional features and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. The disclosure may be practiced using alternative features, as one skilled in the art will recognize.Likewise, features introduced by "in one embodiment of the disclosure" or similar expressions are intended to be optional features, without any limitation as to alternative embodiments of the disclosure, without any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure, and without any limitation as to the possibility of combining the features so introduced with other optional or non-optional features of the disclosure.

[0026] In summary, and without excluding other possible embodiments, the following embodiments can be considered: Embodiment 1: A method for performing sequential diagnostics in a power grid, the method comprising: a) sending a diagnostic control signal from a controller to a circuit breaker to start sequential diagnostics at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker and using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker; b) if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state; and c) if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. Embodiment 2: The method according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the power grid is an automotive power grid, in particular a distributed automotive power grid. Embodiment 3: The method according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method is carried out in an automotive power grid, in particular in a distributed automotive power grid. Embodiment 4: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein exceeding the time threshold in step c) comprises at least one of exceeding an upper time threshold and falling below a lower time threshold. Embodiment 5: The method according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the upper time threshold is greater than or equal to 150 µs. Embodiment 6: The method according to one of the two preceding embodiments, wherein the lower time threshold is less than or equal to 25 µs. Embodiment 7: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the time interval in step b) is 25 µs to 150 µs. Embodiment 8: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: d) if the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, reset the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. Embodiment 9: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: e) otherwise, continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state. Embodiment 10: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the diagnostic control signal is a digital signal, in particular a binary signal. Embodiment 11: The method according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the diagnostic control signal comprises HIGH and LOW signal states, wherein a timeout of the diagnostic control signal is a LOW time of the diagnostic control signal. Embodiment 12: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the diagnostic states, a sequence of the diagnostic states, the time interval and / or the time threshold are defined in a protocol. Embodiment 13: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a setting of the circuit breaker for each diagnostic state is stored at an address in an address register of the circuit breaker. Embodiment 14: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the circuit breaker comprises a diagnostic state counter configured to set a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker, wherein step b) comprises incrementing the diagnostic state counter, wherein step c) comprises resetting the diagnostic state counter. Embodiment 15: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: f) for each current diagnostic condition, sending a diagnostic condition signal from the circuit breaker to the controller. Embodiment 16: The method according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the diagnostic state signal comprises a current detection signal or a signal derived therefrom, in particular a signal relating to a derived energy value, in particular to an i 2 t-value. Embodiment 17: The method according to one of the two preceding embodiments, further comprising: g) if the diagnostic status signal indicates an overcurrent, switching off a load using the circuit breaker. Embodiment 18: The method according to any one of the three preceding embodiments, wherein steps a) to c) and optionally steps d) and e) are performed using a first pin of the power switch, wherein step f) is performed using a separate second pin of the power switch. Embodiment 19: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the power grid comprises an interconnection, wherein the diagnostic control signals and optionally the diagnostic status signals are sent between the controller and the circuit breaker via the interconnection. Embodiment 20: A power system comprising at least one circuit breaker for switching a load and a controller for controlling the circuit breaker, wherein the controller is configured to send a diagnostic control signal to the circuit breaker to start a sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker, wherein the controller is further configured to use timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker, wherein the circuit breaker, if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, is configured to continue the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state, wherein the circuit breaker, if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold,further configured to reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state., Embodiment 21: The power grid according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the power grid is an automotive power grid, in particular a distributed automotive power grid. Embodiment 22: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the controller is a zone controller. Embodiment 23: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the controller is a microcontroller. Embodiment 24: The power system according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power system, wherein the power switch is further configured to, when the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. Embodiment 25: The power system according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power system, wherein the circuit breaker is further configured to otherwise continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining in the current diagnosis state. Embodiment 26: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the circuit breaker is further configured to send a diagnostic status signal from the circuit breaker to the controller for each current diagnostic status. Embodiment 27: The power grid according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the controller comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive the diagnostic state signal, in particular the current sense signal. Embodiment 28: The power system according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the circuit breaker is configured to turn off the load when the diagnostic condition signal indicates an overcurrent. Embodiment 29: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the controller and the circuit breaker are configured to perform a sequential diagnosis in the power grid according to any one of the preceding method embodiments. Embodiment 30: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the circuit breaker is a smart circuit breaker. Embodiment 31: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the power switch comprises a logic circuit configured to process the diagnostic control signal. Embodiment 32: The power system according to any of the preceding embodiments relating to a power system, wherein the power switch comprises an address register configured to store the diagnostic states. Embodiment 33: The power system according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power system, wherein the circuit breaker comprises a diagnostic state counter configured to change the diagnostic states. Embodiment 34: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the circuit breaker comprises a measuring circuit configured to detect a current. Embodiment 35: The power system according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power system, wherein the power switch comprises at least two pins. Embodiment 36: The power system according to the preceding embodiment, wherein a first pin is configured to receive the diagnostic control signal from the controller. Embodiment 37: The power system according to any one of the two preceding embodiments, wherein a second pin is configured to send the diagnostic status signal to the controller. Embodiment 38: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the power switch comprises a transistor selected from the group consisting of: a field effect transistor (FET), in particular a metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET); a bipolar transistor; an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Embodiment 39: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, further comprising an interconnection connecting the controller and the circuit breaker. Embodiment 40: The power grid according to any one of the preceding embodiments relating to a power grid, wherein the controller comprises at least one pin, in particular a general purpose input / output (GPIO) pin, configured to send the diagnostic control signal.

[0027] Further optional features and embodiments are disclosed in more detail in the following description of embodiments, preferably in conjunction with the dependent embodiments. The respective optional features can be implemented in isolation as well as in any possible combination, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The scope of the disclosure is not limited to the preferred embodiments. The embodiments are illustrated schematically in the figures. Like reference numerals in these figures refer to like or functionally comparable elements.

[0028] Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a power grid 110, in particular an automotive power grid 110, in particular a distributed automotive power grid 110. Thus, the power grid 110 may be distributed within an automobile 112. As a result, the power grid 110 may be configured to spatially distribute electrical power within the automobile 112. The distribution may be controlled by multiple electronic components of the power grid. The power grid 110 comprises at least one controller 114 and a power switch 116. The controller 114 is configured to control the power switch 116. The power switch 116 is configured to switch a load 118. Thus, the controller 114 may be at least indirectly configured to control the load 118. In an automotive application, the load 118 may in particular comprise a motor.As shown, the power grid 110 may, in particular, include a plurality of controllers 114 and power switches 116 and loads 118. Each controller 114 may be configured to control a plurality of power switches 116. The controller 114 may, in particular, be a microcontroller. The controller 114 may, in particular, be a zone controller 114. Thus, the controller 114 may be configured to control one or more power switches 116 in a specific area of ​​the automobile 112, e.g., in a rear area of ​​the automobile 112. The power grid 110 may further include a power supply 120. In an automotive application, the power supply 120 may, in particular, be a battery. The controller 114 and / or the power switch 116 may be configured to distribute electrical power within the power grid 110, in particular electrical power provided by the power supply 120.

[0029] Fig. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the power grid 110. As stated, the power grid 110 specifically includes the controller 114 and the power switch 116. Further, the power grid 110 may include an interconnect 122 connecting the controller 114 and the power switch 116. The interconnect 122 may include a plurality of signal lines, e.g., wires or traces, connecting pins of the controller 114 and the power switch 116. The controller 114 may include at least one of a GPIO pin and an ADC pin. In particular, the controller 114 may include a plurality of GPIO pins. The power switch 116 may include at least one of an input (IN) pin and an output (OUT) pin. The IN pin may be connected to the controller 114. The OUT pin may be connected to the load 118. Further, the power switch 116 may include a supply voltage (VS) pin.The VS pin may be connected to the power supply 120, which, as stated, may in particular be a battery having a battery voltage V. BAT The controller 114 can, for example, send a pulse width modulation signal to the IN pin to control a switching behavior of the power switch. Accordingly, the power switch 116 can connect the load 118 to the power supply 120 or disconnect the load 118 from the power supply 120, thereby switching the load 118 on or off. Thus, V BAT transmitted to the load 118 via the OUT pin. The power switch 116 may, in particular, comprise a transistor as a switching element for this purpose. The transistor may be selected from the group consisting of: a FET, in particular a MOSFET; a bipolar transistor; and an IGBT. Other options may also be possible.

[0030] The power switch 116 may be an intelligent power switch 116 or an intelligent power switch 116. In particular, the power switch 116 may further comprise at least one of a DEN pin and an IS pin. The power switch 116 may be configured to exchange diagnostic signals with the controller 114 via the interconnect 122. Likewise, the controller 114 may be configured to exchange diagnostic signals with the power switch 116 via the interconnect 122. In particular, the power switch 116 and the controller 114 may be configured to exchange diagnostic signals between the DEN pin and a GPIO pin and / or between the IS pin and the ADC pin, as in Fig. 2. The diagnostic signals may include diagnostic control signals and / or diagnostic status signals. Thus, a diagnostic control signal may be sent from the controller 114 to the power switch 116 via a GPIO pin, the interconnect 122, and the DEN pin. A diagnostic status signal may be sent from the power switch 116 to the controller 114 via the IS pin, the interconnect 122, and the ADC pin. A trace of the diagnostic control signal is shown in Fig. 2 is indicated by arrow 124, and a progression of the diagnostic status signal is indicated by arrow 126. Thus, the diagnostic signals, in particular the diagnostic control signals, cannot be sent via the IN pin of the power switch. The diagnosis, which can in particular be a sequential diagnosis, can be independent of the IN pin, and consequently, there can be no restrictions on, for example, pulse-width modulation signals sent from the controller 114 to the power switch 116 via the IN pin.

[0031] Thus, the power switch 116 may be configured to perform a diagnosis, in particular a sequential diagnosis, at least in cooperation with the controller 114. The power switch 116 may include a logic circuit 128. The logic circuit 128 may be configured to process the diagnostic control signal, in particular timeouts of the diagnostic control signal, as will also be described in more detail below. The power switch 116, in particular the logic circuit 128, may be configured to evaluate the timeouts, in particular a length of the timeouts. The logic circuit 128 may further generally be configured to enable the power switch 116 to communicate with the controller 114. The power switch 116 may include an address register 130. The address register 130 may include a plurality of addresses.The address register 130 may also be generally configured to enable the power switch 116 to communicate with the controller 114. In particular, an address may also represent a diagnostic state of the power switch 116 within a sequential diagnostic. Additionally or alternatively, an address may represent a setting of a diagnostic state of the power switch 116. As one example, the diagnostic state may be a current detection state. Thus, the address register 130 may be configured to store the diagnostic states or settings of the diagnostic states.

[0032] During sequential diagnosis, the power switch 116 may cycle through or step through various predetermined diagnostic states. The cycling may be triggered, in particular, by the diagnostic control signal from the controller 114. In particular, the cycling may be triggered by timeouts in the diagnostic control signal, as explained in more detail below. In each diagnostic state, the power switch 116 may then respond to the controller via the diagnostic control signal. As an example, the diagnostic control signal may be or include a current sense signal or a signal derived therefrom. The cycling through the diagnostic states may be implemented, in particular, using a counter. The power switch 116 may include a diagnostic state counter 132 for this purpose. The diagnostic state counter 132 may be configured to change the diagnostic state of the power switch 116.In particular, the diagnostic state counter 132 may be configured to cycle through the diagnostic states by incrementing an address value in the address register of the power switch 116. Thus, the sequential diagnosis may include cycling through a plurality of diagnostic states using the diagnostic state counter 132. The diagnostic state counter 132 may also be resettable. Thus, instead of continuing with a subsequent diagnostic state in the address register, the power switch 116 may transition back to an initial diagnostic state of the sequential diagnosis and restart the sequential diagnosis.

[0033] As already indicated, a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker 116 may, for example, be a current sense state. Thus, the diagnostic state signal may, for example, be a current sense signal or a signal derived therefrom. The circuit breaker 116 may be a protected circuit breaker 116. In the event of an overcurrent or other failure event, the circuit breaker 116 may be configured to switch off the load 118. Thus, the circuit breaker 116 may be configured to observe or monitor the current. Thus, the circuit breaker 116 may include a measuring circuit 134 for detecting or measuring the current and generating a corresponding current sense signal as a diagnostic state signal. The controller 114 may include an ADC 136. The ADC 136 may generally be configured to receive and process the diagnostic state signal, which, as stated, may in particular be a current sense signal.In particular, the diagnostic status signal, in particular the current detection signal, can be generated using a resistor R. SENSE into a voltage. The voltage can then be read by the controller 114 using the ADC 136. Overall, the controller 114 and the power switch 116 can be configured, in particular, to perform sequential diagnostics in the power grid 110, as described below.

[0034] Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for performing a sequential diagnosis in the power grid 110. The method comprises the following steps: a) (designated by reference numeral 138) sending a diagnostic control signal from the controller 114 to the circuit breaker 116 to start the sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker 116 and using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker 116; b) (designated by reference numeral 140) if a timeout coincides with a predetermined time interval, continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state; and c) (designated by reference numeral 142) if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, resetting the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state.

[0035] The method may further comprise one or more of the following steps: d) (designated by reference numeral 144) if the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, resetting the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnosis state; e) (designated by reference numeral 146) otherwise continuing the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state; f) (designated by reference numeral 148) for each current diagnostic condition, sending a diagnostic condition signal from the power switch 116 to the controller 114; and g) (designated by reference numeral 150) if the diagnostic condition signal indicates an overcurrent, switching off the load 118 using the power switch 116.

[0036] Fig. 4 illustrates another flowchart showing an exemplary sequence of diagnostic states in a sequential diagnosis. As shown, the diagnostic control signal may be sent from the controller 114 via the DEN PIN to the power switch 116 to control the diagnostic state of the power switch 116. An exemplary timeline of the diagnostic control signal is indicated by reference numeral 152 in Fig. 4. The diagnostic control signal can be a digital signal, in particular a binary signal. Thus, the control signal can comprise HIGH and LOW signal states. A timeout of the diagnostic control signal can be a LOW time of the diagnostic control signal. The sequential diagnosis can start at an initial or first diagnostic state of the power switch 116. The first diagnostic state can correspond to a first address ADDR1 in the address register 130 of the power switch 116. According to the first diagnostic state, the power switch 116 can send a first diagnostic state signal to the controller 114 via the IS pin. A time axis of a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the first diagnostic state is denoted by reference numeral 154 in Fig. 4. In general, the diagnostic status signal may comprise a current detection signal or a signal derived therefrom, in particular a signal relating to a derived energy value, in particular to an i 2 t-value. The diagnostic status signal may be or include an analog signal or a digital signal. The diagnostic status signal may be or include a data packet or a message.

[0037] A first timeout, displayed as 1. TO in Fig. 4, may be within the time interval referred to in step b), e.g., between 25 µs and 150 µs. Thus, the diagnostic state counter 132 may increment the current address ADDR1 to the subsequent address ADDR2 in the address register 130 of the power switch 116. Accordingly, the power switch 116 may assume a second diagnostic state and send a corresponding second diagnostic state signal to the controller 114. A time axis of a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the second diagnostic state is denoted by reference numeral 156 in Fig. 4. A second timeout, displayed as 2. TO in Fig. 4, may again be within the time interval referred to in step b), so that the diagnostic state counter 132 may increment the current address ADDR2 to the subsequent address ADDR3, which represents a third diagnostic state. In the third diagnostic state, the power switch 116 may send a corresponding third diagnostic state signal to the controller 114. A time axis of a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the third diagnostic state is denoted by reference numeral 158 in Fig. 4 is displayed.

[0038] Subsequently, the diagnostic state counter 132 and the sequential diagnostics as a whole may be reset, e.g., because the controller 114 has lost synchronization of the current address. This may be achieved using a third timeout of the diagnostic control signal that exceeds a predetermined time threshold, as set forth in step c). The third timeout is indicated as 3. TO in Fig. 4. Exceeding the time threshold referred to in step c) may generally comprise exceeding an upper time threshold and / or falling below a lower time threshold. As an example, and as described in Fig. 4, the predetermined time threshold may be an upper time threshold of 150 µs, and the third timeout may be longer than 150 µs. Thus, the diagnostic state counter 132 may be reset again to the initial address ADDR1 to restart the sequential diagnosis at a known address and at the initial first diagnostic state. Thus, the power switch 116 may again send the first diagnostic state signal or an updated version thereof to the controller 114. More generally, the power switch 116 may again send a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the first diagnostic state of the power switch 116 to the controller 114. A fourth timeout, indicated as 4. TO in Fig. 4, may in turn be within the time interval referred to in step b), e.g., between 25 µs and 150 µs, so that the sequential diagnosis can continue with a subsequent diagnostic state stored at ADDR2 in the address register 130 of the power switch 116.

[0039] A fifth timeout, displayed as 5th TO in Fig. 4, can be interrupted by two signal edges. This can also be used to restart the sequential diagnosis at the initial diagnostic state referred to in step d). Thus, the power switch 116 can again send a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the first diagnostic state. A sixth timeout, indicated as 6. TO in Fig.4, may neither be within the predetermined time interval referred to in step b) nor above the predetermined upper time threshold referred to in step c), nor may it involve interrupting signal edges referred to in step d). In such a case, the diagnostic state counter 132 may remain at the current address, i.e., ADDR 1 here, referred to in step e). Thus, the power switch 116 may again send the last diagnostic state signal or an updated version thereof to the controller 114. In the present example, the power switch 116 may again send a diagnostic state signal corresponding to the first diagnostic state. Other values ​​for the time threshold or the time interval or the number of signal edges that interrupt the timeout may of course also be possible.In general, the predetermined time threshold or the predetermined time interval or even the exact settings for the diagnostic states as well as a sequence of the diagnostic states can be defined in a protocol.

[0040] Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of alternative and / or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific examples shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific examples discussed herein. Therefore, this disclosure is intended to be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

[0041] It should be noted that the methods and devices, including their preferred embodiments, as set forth in this document can be used independently or in combination with the other methods and devices disclosed in this document. Additionally, the features set forth in the context of a device are also applicable to a corresponding method, and vice versa. Furthermore, all aspects of the methods and devices set forth in this document can be combined in any desired manner. In particular, the features of the claims can be combined with one another in any desired manner.

[0042] It should be noted that the description and drawings merely illustrate the principles of the proposed methods and systems. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement various arrangements that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the disclosure and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and embodiments set forth herein are expressly intended to be illustrative only to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the proposed methods and systems. Furthermore, all statements herein that provide principles, aspects, and embodiments of the disclosure, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to include their equivalents.

Claims

[1] A method for performing a sequential diagnosis in a power grid (110), the method comprising: a) sending a diagnostic control signal from a controller (114) to a circuit breaker (116) to start the sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116) and using timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116); b) if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, continuing the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state; and c) if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold, reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. [2] The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the method is carried out in an automotive power grid (110), in particular in a distributed automotive power grid (110). [3] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein exceeding the time threshold in step c) comprises at least one of exceeding an upper time threshold and falling below a lower time threshold. [4] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: d) if the timeout is interrupted by at least two signal edges, reset the sequential diagnosis by restarting at the initial diagnostic state. [5] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: e) otherwise, continue the sequential diagnosis by remaining at the current diagnostic state. [6] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the diagnostic states, a sequence of the diagnostic states, the time interval and / or the time threshold are defined in a protocol. [7] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a setting of the power switch (116) for each diagnostic condition is stored at an address in an address register (130) of the power switch (116). [8] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the circuit breaker (116) comprises a diagnostic state counter (132) configured to set a diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116), wherein step b) comprises incrementing the diagnostic state counter (130), wherein step c) comprises resetting the diagnostic state counter (130). [9] The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: f) for each current diagnostic condition, sending a diagnostic condition signal from the power switch (116) to the controller (114). [10] The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the diagnostic state signal comprises a current detection signal or a signal derived therefrom, in particular a signal relating to a derived energy value, in particular to an i 2 t-value. [11] The method according to one of the two preceding claims, further comprising: g) if the diagnostic condition signal indicates an overcurrent, switching off a load (118) using the circuit breaker (116). [12] A power system (110) comprising at least one circuit breaker (116) for switching a load (118) and a controller (114) for controlling the circuit breaker (116), wherein the controller (114) is configured to send a diagnostic control signal to the circuit breaker (116) to start a sequential diagnosis at an initial diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116), wherein the controller (114) is further configured to use timeouts of the diagnostic control signal to change a current diagnostic state of the circuit breaker (116), wherein the circuit breaker (116), if a timeout matches a predetermined time interval, is configured to continue the sequential diagnosis by transitioning to a subsequent diagnostic state of the current diagnostic state, wherein the circuit breaker (116), if a timeout exceeds a predetermined time threshold,further configured to reset the sequential diagnostics by restarting at the initial diagnostic state., [13] The power grid (110) according to the preceding claim, wherein the power grid (110) is an automotive power grid (110), in particular a distributed automotive power grid (110). [14] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the controller (114) is a zone controller (114). [15] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the circuit breaker (116) is an intelligent circuit breaker (116). [16] The power system (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power system (110), wherein the power switch (116) comprises a logic circuit (128) configured to process the diagnostic control signal. [17] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the power switch (116) comprises an address register (130) configured to store the diagnostic states. [18] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the circuit breaker (116) comprises a diagnostic state counter (132) configured to change the diagnostic states. [19] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the circuit breaker (116) comprises a measuring circuit (134) configured to sense a current. [20] The power grid (110) according to any one of the preceding claims relating to a power grid (110), wherein the power switch (116) comprises a transistor selected from the group consisting of: a field effect transistor (FET), in particular a metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET); a bipolar transistor; an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

Images